{"rows": [["patent", "DRC-TOPS-0", "DRC-TOPS-0", "Compact, Temperature-Tuned OFDR Laser", "sensors", "DFRC", "Fiber optic sensing systems (FOSS) have advantages over conventional sensors including lighter weight, smaller size, improved reliability, and higher accuracy. To date, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has perhaps been the most popular fiber optic sensing method. Drawbacks of WDM exist, howeve"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-0--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-0", "Compact, Temperature-Tuned OFDR Laser", "sensors", "DFRC", "Fiber optic sensing systems (FOSS) have advantages over conventional sensors including lighter weight, smaller size, improved reliability, and higher accuracy. To date, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has perhaps been the most popular fiber optic sensing method. Drawbacks of WDM exist, howeve"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-1", "DRC-TOPS-1", "Outer Aileron Yaw Damper", "aerospace", "DFRC", "In recent years, NASA, along with partners Boeing and Area-I Inc., have developed the spanwise adaptive wing (SAW). SAWs leverage a thermally-triggered actuator made from a NASA-developed shape memory alloy (SMA) to allow outer portions of aircraft wings and control surfaces to be folded to achieve "], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-16", "DRC-TOPS-16", "Streamlined Liquid Level Sensing Using Fiber Optics", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a highly accurate method for measuring liquid levels and other tank gauging applications using optical fibers. Unlike liquid level gauges currently on the market that rely on discrete measurements to give broad approximations of li"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-16--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-16", "Streamlined Liquid Level Sensing Using Fiber Optics", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a highly accurate method for measuring liquid levels and other tank gauging applications using optical fibers. Unlike liquid level gauges currently on the market that rely on discrete measurements to give broad approximations of li"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-17", "DRC-TOPS-17", "Sensing Magnetic Fields", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed an optical waveguide fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is sensitive to an external magnetic field. The technology allows direct coupling of the external field to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating in the fiber, bypassing the ne"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-17--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-17", "Sensing Magnetic Fields", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed an optical waveguide fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is sensitive to an external magnetic field. The technology allows direct coupling of the external field to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating in the fiber, bypassing the ne"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-19", "DRC-TOPS-19", "Improved Ground Collision Avoidance System", "aerospace", "DFRC", "Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have dramatically improved upon existing ground collision avoidance technology for aircraft. NASA's system leverages leading-edge fighter safety technology, adapting it to civil aviation use as an advanced warning system. It offers higher fideli"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-19--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-19", "Improved Ground Collision Avoidance System", "aerospace", "DFRC", "Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have dramatically improved upon existing ground collision avoidance technology for aircraft. NASA's system leverages leading-edge fighter safety technology, adapting it to civil aviation use as an advanced warning system. It offers higher fideli"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-24", "DRC-TOPS-24", "Shape Sensing Innovations Dramatically Improve Structural Design Tools", "sensors", "DFRC", "Advances in fiber optic shape sensing developed at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center are enabling the development of next-generation flexible aircraft wings that maximize structural efficiency and reduce weight, improving fuel efficiency. These same advances will help engineers design stronger"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-24--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-24", "Shape Sensing Innovations Dramatically Improve Structural Design Tools", "sensors", "DFRC", "Advances in fiber optic shape sensing developed at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center are enabling the development of next-generation flexible aircraft wings that maximize structural efficiency and reduce weight, improving fuel efficiency. These same advances will help engineers design stronger"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-25", "DRC-TOPS-25", "Enhanced Fabrication Improves Temperature Sensing in Cryogenic Humid Environments", "sensors", "DFRC", "Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a new manufacturing process that improves the ability of fiber optic sensing systems to measure temperature and liquid levels when operating in humid environments. The process involves eliminating moisture from the optical fiber c"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-25--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-25", "Enhanced Fabrication Improves Temperature Sensing in Cryogenic Humid Environments", "sensors", "DFRC", "Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a new manufacturing process that improves the ability of fiber optic sensing systems to measure temperature and liquid levels when operating in humid environments. The process involves eliminating moisture from the optical fiber c"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-26", "DRC-TOPS-26", "Adaptive Spatial Resolution Enables Focused Fiber Optic Sensing", "sensors", "DFRC", "This advanced fiber optic sensing innovation developed at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center offers a unique combination of high-resolution processing and flexibility. The algorithm was originally developed to enhance Armstrong's multi-patented Fiber Optic Sensing System (FOSS). With over 2,000"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-26--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-26", "Adaptive Spatial Resolution Enables Focused Fiber Optic Sensing", "sensors", "DFRC", "This advanced fiber optic sensing innovation developed at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center offers a unique combination of high-resolution processing and flexibility. The algorithm was originally developed to enhance Armstrong's multi-patented Fiber Optic Sensing System (FOSS). With over 2,000"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-36", "DRC-TOPS-36", "New Wing Design Exponentially Increases Total Aircraft Efficiency", "aerospace", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center are experimenting with a new wing design that removes adverse yaw and dramatically increases aircraft efficiency by reducing drag. Known as the PRANDTL-D wing, this design addresses integrated bending moments and lift to achieve a 12 percent drag"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-36--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-36", "New Wing Design Exponentially Increases Total Aircraft Efficiency", "aerospace", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center are experimenting with a new wing design that removes adverse yaw and dramatically increases aircraft efficiency by reducing drag. Known as the PRANDTL-D wing, this design addresses integrated bending moments and lift to achieve a 12 percent drag"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-37", "DRC-TOPS-37", "Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies", "sensors", "DFRC", "NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center is offering companies that provide sensing solutions for monitoring of structures and asset management of storage tanks a unique opportunity to expand their product line to include unprecedented capabilities. Known as FOSS (for fiber optic sensing system), NAS"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-37--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-37", "Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies", "sensors", "DFRC", "NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center is offering companies that provide sensing solutions for monitoring of structures and asset management of storage tanks a unique opportunity to expand their product line to include unprecedented capabilities. Known as FOSS (for fiber optic sensing system), NAS"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-39", "DRC-TOPS-39", "Axial Magnetic Flux Airflow Integrated Compressor-Generator-Motor Turbojet", "propulsion", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a compressor-generator-motor turbojet design that integrates the generator into the aerodynamic blade structures of the compression section of turbo-machinery. This lowers both weight and volume compared with conventional turbine g"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-39--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-39", "Axial Magnetic Flux Airflow Integrated Compressor-Generator-Motor Turbojet", "propulsion", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a compressor-generator-motor turbojet design that integrates the generator into the aerodynamic blade structures of the compression section of turbo-machinery. This lowers both weight and volume compared with conventional turbine g"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-41", "DRC-TOPS-41", "A New Twist Makes Rotating Machinery More Efficient and Quieter", "propulsion", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have designed a new shape for propeller blades that dramatically increases their efficiency while reducing noise. Based on improvements achieved via a new wing design known as PRANDTL-D, this innovative propeller design uses an alternative spanlo"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-41--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-41", "A New Twist Makes Rotating Machinery More Efficient and Quieter", "propulsion", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have designed a new shape for propeller blades that dramatically increases their efficiency while reducing noise. Based on improvements achieved via a new wing design known as PRANDTL-D, this innovative propeller design uses an alternative spanlo"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-42", "DRC-TOPS-42", "Gateway Integrates Wireless Sensors with Existing Aircraft Systems at \"the Speed of Software\"", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have found a way to incorporate wireless sensor technology in aerospace vehicles without adding the complexity and tonnage normally associated with physically modifying existing avionics. The solution: A single universal wireless access point or "], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-42--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-42", "Gateway Integrates Wireless Sensors with Existing Aircraft Systems at \"the Speed of Software\"", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have found a way to incorporate wireless sensor technology in aerospace vehicles without adding the complexity and tonnage normally associated with physically modifying existing avionics. The solution: A single universal wireless access point or "], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-8", "DRC-TOPS-8", "Real-Time, High-Resolution Terrain Information in Computing-Constrained Environments", "information technology and software", "DFRC", "Data adaptive algorithms are the critically enabling technology for automatic collision avoidance system efforts at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center. These Armstrong-developed algorithms provide an extensive and highly efficient encoding process for global-scale digital terrain maps (DTMs) al"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-8--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-8", "Real-Time, High-Resolution Terrain Information in Computing-Constrained Environments", "information technology and software", "DFRC", "Data adaptive algorithms are the critically enabling technology for automatic collision avoidance system efforts at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center. These Armstrong-developed algorithms provide an extensive and highly efficient encoding process for global-scale digital terrain maps (DTMs) al"], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-9", "DRC-TOPS-9", "Lightweight Fiber Optic Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Structural Health", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a lightweight, robust fiber optic sensing system (FOSS) that represents a major breakthrough in sensing technology. The sensors, along with NASA's sophisticated algorithms, can be used to calculate a variety of critical parameters "], ["patent", "DRC-TOPS-9--DRC-TOPS", "DRC-TOPS-9", "Lightweight Fiber Optic Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Structural Health", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a lightweight, robust fiber optic sensing system (FOSS) that represents a major breakthrough in sensing technology. The sensors, along with NASA's sophisticated algorithms, can be used to calculate a variety of critical parameters "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-10", "GSC-TOPS-10", "AeroPod", "aerospace", "GSFC", "The AeroPod is a passive device that uses aerodynamic forces to stabilize an instrument package suspended from a kite or tethered blimp. It is a low-altitude custom remote sensing platform craft designed for, but not limited to, agricultural and environmental research purposes. AeroPods can be used "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-10--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-10", "AeroPod", "aerospace", "GSFC", "The AeroPod is a passive device that uses aerodynamic forces to stabilize an instrument package suspended from a kite or tethered blimp. It is a low-altitude custom remote sensing platform craft designed for, but not limited to, agricultural and environmental research purposes. AeroPods can be used "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-102", "GSC-TOPS-102", "FlashPose: Range and intensity image-based terrain and vehicle relative pose estimation algorithm", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed FlashPose, a relative navigation measurement software and VHDL, for space flight missions requiring vehicle-relative and terrain-relative navigation and control. FlashPose processes real-time or recorded range and intensity images from 3D imaging sensor"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-102--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-102", "FlashPose: Range and intensity image-based terrain and vehicle relative pose estimation algorithm", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed FlashPose, a relative navigation measurement software and VHDL, for space flight missions requiring vehicle-relative and terrain-relative navigation and control. FlashPose processes real-time or recorded range and intensity images from 3D imaging sensor"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-12", "GSC-TOPS-12", "Gear Bearings", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) invites companies to license the revolutionary gear bearing technology. This technology represents a mechanical architecture breakthrough by combining gear and bearing functions into a single unit that significantly improves gear drives across the board for el"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-12--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-12", "Gear Bearings", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) invites companies to license the revolutionary gear bearing technology. This technology represents a mechanical architecture breakthrough by combining gear and bearing functions into a single unit that significantly improves gear drives across the board for el"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-138", "GSC-TOPS-138", "CubeSat Compatible High Resolution Thermal Infrared Imager", "environment", "GSFC", "The CubeSat Compatible High Resolution Thermal Infrared Imager is a technology with multiple applications. It can be flown on an aircraft, deployed on the International Space Station, launched on a ride-share as an entirely self-contained 3U CubeSat, flown on a small satellite, or be a co-manifested"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-138--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-138", "CubeSat Compatible High Resolution Thermal Infrared Imager", "environment", "GSFC", "The CubeSat Compatible High Resolution Thermal Infrared Imager is a technology with multiple applications. It can be flown on an aircraft, deployed on the International Space Station, launched on a ride-share as an entirely self-contained 3U CubeSat, flown on a small satellite, or be a co-manifested"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-139", "GSC-TOPS-139", "Micro scale electro hydrodynamic (EHD) modular cartridge pump", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "This NASA innovation incorporates a simplistic design that reduces the number of components required to make an assembly by up to 90% over previous iterations, insuring a solid reliable electrical connection to the electrodes that form the pumping sections and is modular in overall design to allow f"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-139--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-139", "Micro scale electro hydrodynamic (EHD) modular cartridge pump", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "This NASA innovation incorporates a simplistic design that reduces the number of components required to make an assembly by up to 90% over previous iterations, insuring a solid reliable electrical connection to the electrodes that form the pumping sections and is modular in overall design to allow f"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-16", "GSC-TOPS-16", "SMART Solar Sail", "propulsion", "GSFC", "NASA GSFCs SMART (Super Miniaturized Autonomous Reconfigurable Technology) Solar Sail is a deployable, fully autonomous, solar sail for use in a very fine station keeping of a spacecraft. The solar sail would be highly deformable from an initially highly compressed configuration, yet also capable of"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-16--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-16", "SMART Solar Sail", "propulsion", "GSFC", "NASA GSFCs SMART (Super Miniaturized Autonomous Reconfigurable Technology) Solar Sail is a deployable, fully autonomous, solar sail for use in a very fine station keeping of a spacecraft. The solar sail would be highly deformable from an initially highly compressed configuration, yet also capable of"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-165", "GSC-TOPS-165", "Radio Frequency Interferometry Using Optical Fiber Sensing Signal Processing", "optics", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed technology based on interference of a stable optical source with itself. A single source is split into multiple paths. Incoming RF signals are modulated onto individual paths of optical signal. These individual paths are then recombined to correlate the"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-170", "GSC-TOPS-170", "Cooperative Service Valve for In-orbit Cooperative Satellite Fueling", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed the Cooperative Service Valve (CSV) to facilitate the resupply of media, such as propellants and pressurants, to satellites. The CSV replaces a standard spacecraft fill and drain valve. Spacecraft outfitted with the CSV enable in-orbit servicing with le"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-170--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-170", "Cooperative Service Valve for In-orbit Cooperative Satellite Fueling", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed the Cooperative Service Valve (CSV) to facilitate the resupply of media, such as propellants and pressurants, to satellites. The CSV replaces a standard spacecraft fill and drain valve. Spacecraft outfitted with the CSV enable in-orbit servicing with le"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-179", "GSC-TOPS-179", "Smooth-Walled Feed Horn", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a smooth-walled feed horn that addresses the fabrication issues inherent in constructing corrugated feed horns. Corrugated feed horns offer excellent beam symmetry, main beam efficiency, and cross-polar response over wide bandwidths. However, these feed"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-179--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-179", "Smooth-Walled Feed Horn", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a smooth-walled feed horn that addresses the fabrication issues inherent in constructing corrugated feed horns. Corrugated feed horns offer excellent beam symmetry, main beam efficiency, and cross-polar response over wide bandwidths. However, these feed"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-19", "GSC-TOPS-19", "Lotus Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a unique formulation of a Lotus leaf-like nano-textured dust mitigation coating, with hydrophobic properties. Originally developed to address a large scale problem of dust accumulation and contamination in dusty space environments such as the moon, "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-190", "GSC-TOPS-190", "Robotic gripper for satellite capture and servicing", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "The robotic gripper was developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center as part of a robotic satellite servicing mission. The gripping device can be used to autonomously or remotely grasp and control an out-of-fuel or otherwise disabled satellite. Specifically, the gripper interfaces to the separation"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-190--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-190", "Robotic gripper for satellite capture and servicing", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "The robotic gripper was developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center as part of a robotic satellite servicing mission. The gripping device can be used to autonomously or remotely grasp and control an out-of-fuel or otherwise disabled satellite. Specifically, the gripper interfaces to the separation"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-194", "GSC-TOPS-194", "On-demand, Dynamic Reconfigurable Broadcast Technology for Space Laser Communication", "optics", "GSFC", "Space optical networks are slated to become the dominant form of communication due to their high data rates, customizable configurations, and signal coverage. To make these networks feasible, issues to be overcome include the large coverage angles, dynamic nature of desired orbits for coverage, data"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-194--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-194", "On-demand, Dynamic Reconfigurable Broadcast Technology for Space Laser Communication", "optics", "GSFC", "Space optical networks are slated to become the dominant form of communication due to their high data rates, customizable configurations, and signal coverage. To make these networks feasible, issues to be overcome include the large coverage angles, dynamic nature of desired orbits for coverage, data"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-196", "GSC-TOPS-196", "Self-Phase-Locked Distributed Gain Laser Architecture", "optics", "GSFC", "While both high power and high efficiency laser sources are desired for many applications, limitations on their development and use include power scaling among the many gain materials due to excessive optical intensity. Moreover, as power among many gain elements can be increased, combining the powe"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-196--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-196", "Self-Phase-Locked Distributed Gain Laser Architecture", "optics", "GSFC", "While both high power and high efficiency laser sources are desired for many applications, limitations on their development and use include power scaling among the many gain materials due to excessive optical intensity. Moreover, as power among many gain elements can be increased, combining the powe"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-199", "GSC-TOPS-199", "Micro non-planar ring oscillator (micro-NPRO", "optics", "GSFC", "Previous non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) designs have stability issues in terms of frequency, polarization, beam quality, mode choice, and output power due to the fact that the non-linear cavity design length prevents avoidance of spatial hole burning. Furthermore, large NPRO crystals are suscepti"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-199--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-199", "Micro non-planar ring oscillator (micro-NPRO", "optics", "GSFC", "Previous non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) designs have stability issues in terms of frequency, polarization, beam quality, mode choice, and output power due to the fact that the non-linear cavity design length prevents avoidance of spatial hole burning. Furthermore, large NPRO crystals are suscepti"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-200", "GSC-TOPS-200", "OH Detection Using Gas Correlation Radiometry", "sensors", "GSFC", "Engineers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed an innovative system to measure hydroxyl (OH) in the atmosphere. Measuring OH is particularly difficult due to its extremely high reactivity and short lifespan, which necessitate active OH generation for use as a reference. However, OH’s"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-208", "GSC-TOPS-208", "Fast and widely tunable monolithic optical parametric oscillator for laser spectrometer", "optics", "GSFC", "For remote sensing spectrometers, wavelength-scanned laser emissions are used to capture the absorption spectrum of targets to perform measurement of soil and/or gas. Previous techniques to accomplish these measurements have involved combining multiple fixed wavelength lasers to detect a single spec"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-208--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-208", "Fast and widely tunable monolithic optical parametric oscillator for laser spectrometer", "optics", "GSFC", "For remote sensing spectrometers, wavelength-scanned laser emissions are used to capture the absorption spectrum of targets to perform measurement of soil and/or gas. Previous techniques to accomplish these measurements have involved combining multiple fixed wavelength lasers to detect a single spec"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-212", "GSC-TOPS-212", "Kodiak 3D Lidar", "optics", "GSFC", "High orbit satellite servicing and planetary science missions are presented with unique challenges, including a harsh environment and long mission life, coupled with the need for long range and high speed and accurate measurements. Conventional systems suffer from high costs of bringing other soluti"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-212--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-212", "Kodiak 3D Lidar", "optics", "GSFC", "High orbit satellite servicing and planetary science missions are presented with unique challenges, including a harsh environment and long mission life, coupled with the need for long range and high speed and accurate measurements. Conventional systems suffer from high costs of bringing other soluti"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-214", "GSC-TOPS-214", "Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) for Ozone Detection", "sensors", "GSFC", "Engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center tasked with measuring atmospheric Ozone, an important pollutant and greenhouse gas, quickly discovered that existing optical instrumentation would not be sufficient to achieve their performance requirements. Specifically, the current systems did not po"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-214--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-214", "Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) for Ozone Detection", "sensors", "GSFC", "Engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center tasked with measuring atmospheric Ozone, an important pollutant and greenhouse gas, quickly discovered that existing optical instrumentation would not be sufficient to achieve their performance requirements. Specifically, the current systems did not po"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-216", "GSC-TOPS-216", "Hydroxyl Radical (OH) Gas Detector", "sensors", "GSFC", "Hydroxyl radical (OH) is a greenhouse gas that is highly reactive. It reacts with many atmospheric pollutants, including itself, and is considered an important part of eliminating greenhouse gases, especially methane and ozone. OH gas plays a major role in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-216--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-216", "Hydroxyl Radical (OH) Gas Detector", "sensors", "GSFC", "Hydroxyl radical (OH) is a greenhouse gas that is highly reactive. It reacts with many atmospheric pollutants, including itself, and is considered an important part of eliminating greenhouse gases, especially methane and ozone. OH gas plays a major role in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-22", "GSC-TOPS-22", "Digital Beamforming Interferometry", "optics", "GSFC", "Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a sophisticated form of radar that implements a single antenna to successfully scan a target area, store the received signals, and coherently process the signals to resolve elements in an image of the target area. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) uses two or more SAR ima"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-22--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-22", "Digital Beamforming Interferometry", "optics", "GSFC", "Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a sophisticated form of radar that implements a single antenna to successfully scan a target area, store the received signals, and coherently process the signals to resolve elements in an image of the target area. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) uses two or more SAR ima"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-223", "GSC-TOPS-223", "Space Weather Database Of Notifications, Knowledge, Information (DONKI)", "environment", "GSFC", "Currently there is no central database for space weather researchers and forecasters to ascertain observed space weather events. Instead, data is being recorded by scientists in a blog. However, this information is not easily searchable. This innovation is a database where weather events are entered"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-223--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-223", "Space Weather Database Of Notifications, Knowledge, Information (DONKI)", "environment", "GSFC", "Currently there is no central database for space weather researchers and forecasters to ascertain observed space weather events. Instead, data is being recorded by scientists in a blog. However, this information is not easily searchable. This innovation is a database where weather events are entered"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-225", "GSC-TOPS-225", "Novel Antenna Concept for CubeSat Platforms", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Current Cubesat antenna technology requires packaging during the launch and deployment mechanisms during orbit. This packaging and deployment hardware adds extra volume, weight and complexity to a payload. Additionally, there is a risk of deployment mechanism failure. By integrating the antenna into"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-225--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-225", "Novel Antenna Concept for CubeSat Platforms", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Current Cubesat antenna technology requires packaging during the launch and deployment mechanisms during orbit. This packaging and deployment hardware adds extra volume, weight and complexity to a payload. Additionally, there is a risk of deployment mechanism failure. By integrating the antenna into"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-230", "GSC-TOPS-230", "First Stage Bootloader", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Software often has two main parts. One part is the main operating system (OS) image, which contains an OS kernel and run-time environment. The other part is the ram filesystem image, which contains application libraries. Both parts must be read from flash memory into the correct locations in DDR mem"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-230--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-230", "First Stage Bootloader", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Software often has two main parts. One part is the main operating system (OS) image, which contains an OS kernel and run-time environment . The other part is the ram filesystem image, which contains application libraries. Both parts must be read from flash memory into the correct locations in DDR me"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-234", "GSC-TOPS-234", "Miniaturized Astrometric Alignment Sensor", "sensors", "GSFC", "Miniature satellites, sometimes called CubeSats, are mainly used for space research. These satellites are employed to demonstrate spacecraft technologies intended for small satellites or that present questionable feasibility and are unlikely to justify the cost of a larger satellite. Scientific expe"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-234--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-234", "Miniaturized Astrometric Alignment Sensor", "sensors", "GSFC", "Miniature satellites, sometimes called CubeSats, are mainly used for space research. These satellites are employed to demonstrate spacecraft technologies intended for small satellites or that present questionable feasibility and are unlikely to justify the cost of a larger satellite. Scientific expe"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-241", "GSC-TOPS-241", "SpaceCube 3.0 Flight Processor Card", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a family of high-performance reconfigurable systems designed for spaceflight applications requiring on-board processing. SpaceCube 3.0 has greater processing performance over previous generations of SpaceCube. Many proposed missions require next generation on-board processing capabi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-241--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-241", "SpaceCube 3.0 Flight Processor Card", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a family of high-performance reconfigurable systems designed for spaceflight applications requiring on-board processing. SpaceCube 3.0 has greater processing performance over previous generations of SpaceCube. Many proposed missions require next generation on-board processing capabi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-243", "GSC-TOPS-243", "SpaceCube v2.0 Processor with DDR2 Memory Upgrade", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "The DDR SDRAM memory dies that had been radiation tested and flight qualified have reached end of life. The remaining stock of DDR SDRAM is rapidly dwindling and future projects will require a change to DDR2 SDRAM. Additionally, the next generation of instruments are set to produce even greater amou"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-243--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-243", "SpaceCube v2.0 Processor with DDR2 Memory Upgrade", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "The DDR SDRAM memory dies that had been radiation tested and flight qualified have reached end of life. The remaining stock of DDR SDRAM is rapidly dwindling and future projects will require a change to DDR2 SDRAM. Additionally, the next generation of instruments are set to produce even greater amou"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-244", "GSC-TOPS-244", "Update of the Three Dimensional Version of RHSeg and HSeg", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Image segmentation is the partitioning of an image into related sections or regions. For remotely sensed images of the Earth, an example is a map that divides the image into areas labeled by distinct Earth surface covers such as water, snow, and types of natural vegetation. A key problem encountered"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-247", "GSC-TOPS-247", "Robot-Driven Blind Mate Interface", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Many robot operations require connecting modules, tools, or other types of hardware to accomplish assembly or servicing tasks. When working in harsh environments, robots must be enabled to make these kinds of connections without human intervention. These robotic operations must be capable of survivi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-247--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-247", "Robot-Driven Blind Mate Interface", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Many robot operations require connecting modules, tools, or other types of hardware to accomplish assembly or servicing tasks. When working in harsh environments, robots must be enabled to make these kinds of connections without human intervention. These robotic operations must be capable of survivi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-249", "GSC-TOPS-249", "Silicon Oxide Coated Aluminized Polyimide Film Radiator Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "A miniature satellite, or CubeSat, has deployable solar arrays and/or body mounted solar cells to generate adequate electrical power to meet mission power requirements. The CubeSats internal components dissipate heat. In order to maintain the component temperatures within allowable flight limits, th"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-249--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-249", "Silicon Oxide Coated Aluminized Polyimide Film Radiator Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "A miniature satellite, or CubeSat, has deployable solar arrays and/or body mounted solar cells to generate adequate electrical power to meet mission power requirements. The CubeSat’s internal components dissipate heat. In order to maintain the component temperatures within allowable flight limits, t"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-256", "GSC-TOPS-256", "A Broadband, Compact Low-Power microwave Radiometer Down Converter for Small Satellite Applications", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "CubeRRT (CubeSat Radiometer Radio Frequency Interface Technology) is designed for remote earth sensing. The CubeRRT payload has three critical pieces of technology, a wideband antenna unit, a radiometer front-end (RFE) unit, and a radiometer digital back-end (RDB). In order to accommodate these comp"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-256--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-256", "A Broadband, Compact Low-Power microwave Radiometer Down Converter for Small Satellite Applications", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "CubeRRT (CubeSat Radiometer Radio Frequency Interface Technology) is designed for remote earth sensing. The CubeRRT payload has three critical pieces of technology, a wideband antenna unit, a radiometer front-end (RFE) unit, and a radiometer digital back-end (RDB). In order to accommodate these comp"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-262", "GSC-TOPS-262", "Alternative Transparent Coating Lotus Suitable for Optics with Vacuum Deposition Layer", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "NASA instrumentation is at risk for contamination from dusty space environments. Additionally, contamination from water and ice buildup can affect instrumentation function. The innovation of the LOTUS coating prevents contamination on sensitive surfaces, like optics, that cannot be cleaned during sp"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-262--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-262", "Alternative Transparent Coating Lotus Suitable for Optics with Vacuum Deposition Layer", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "NASA instrumentation is at risk for contamination from dusty space environments. Additionally, contamination from water and ice buildup can affect instrumentation function. The innovation of the LOTUS coating prevents contamination on sensitive surfaces, like optics, that cannot be cleaned during sp"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-270", "GSC-TOPS-270", "Active Pointing and Tracking System in Laser Satellite to Satellite Tracking (SST)", "optics", "GSFC", "In laser satellite to satellite tracking for gravity measurements, satellite to satellite separation is measured to the highest precision possible (less than one micrometer). The measurement is conducted with laser links between two satellites, where the laser optical phase change is measured as a f"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-270--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-270", "Active Pointing and Tracking System in Laser Satellite to Satellite Tracking (SST)", "optics", "GSFC", "In laser satellite to satellite tracking for gravity measurements, satellite to satellite separation is measured to the highest precision possible (less than one micrometer). The measurement is conducted with laser links between two satellites, where the laser optical phase change is measured as a f"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-28", "GSC-TOPS-28", "Molecular Adsorber Coating (MAC)", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a portfolio of molecular adsorber coatings (MAC) to mitigate issues posed by volatile organic compounds (VOC). Many materials contain gasses that are trapped on or within the surface that, when in vacuum, will escape the host material over time - a process k"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-28--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-28", "Molecular Adsorber Coating (MAC)", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a portfolio of molecular adsorber coatings (MAC) to mitigate issues posed by volatile organic compounds (VOC). Many materials contain gasses that are trapped on or within the surface that, when in vacuum, will escape the host material over time - a process k"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-285", "GSC-TOPS-285", "Fluid Transfer Coupler", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic or hydrokinetic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed operation and "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-285--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-285", "Fluid Transfer Coupler", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic or hydrokinetic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed operation and "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-286", "GSC-TOPS-286", "SmallSat Standardized Architecture", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Over the past decade, SmallSats have been established as having great potential for science exploration and commercialization of space. SmallSats aim to decrease the cost of space development, making space exploration more accessible. Space agencies, as well as the commercial and defense sectors, ar"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-286--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-286", "SmallSat Standardized Architecture", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Over the past decade, SmallSats have been established as having great potential for science exploration and commercialization of space. SmallSats aim to decrease the cost of space development, making space exploration more accessible. Space agencies, as well as the commercial and defense sectors, ar"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-291", "GSC-TOPS-291", "DellingrX Small Satellite Spacecraft Bus Architecture", "aerospace", "GSFC", "The launch opportunities for SmallSat secondary and tertiary payloads has and will continue to significantly increase due in large part to the inclusion of ESPA rings on most missions that have excess lift capacity, initiatives to include rideshares alongside large NASA missions, and the proliferati"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-293", "GSC-TOPS-293", "SpaceCube 3.0 Mini Processor Card", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a family of high-performance reconfigurable systems designed for spaceflight applications requiring on-board processing. Many proposed missions require next-generation, on-board processing capabilities to meet specified mission goals. Advanced laser altimeter, radar, lidar, and hype"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-293--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-293", "SpaceCube 3.0 Mini Processor Card", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a family of high-performance reconfigurable systems designed for spaceflight applications requiring on-board processing. Many proposed missions require next-generation, on-board processing capabilities to meet specified mission goals. Advanced laser altimeter, radar, lidar, and hype"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-296", "GSC-TOPS-296", "Antenna Arraying Capable of Handling Very High Data Rates In Real Time", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA is increasingly designing payloads that require telecommunication transmissions. These payloads increase the competition for telecommunication bandwidth between space and earth. However, increasing the transmission data rate leads to a higher noise to signal ratios. The innovation is an antenna"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-300", "GSC-TOPS-300", "High-Resolution Commercial Validation Products API", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Data obtained from very high resolution (VHR) satellites are difficult to use by scientists for the following reasons. The data is often not in a standard, geographic information system (GIS)-ready format. The data has poor horizontal and vertical co-registration. Once ortho-rectified GeoTiffs are p"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-302", "GSC-TOPS-302", "Serial Arrayed Waveguide Grating", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Dispersive optical elements are important for many applications. In bulk, free-space optics, prisms, and gratings are often used. In optical waveguides, particularly in integrated photonics, arrayed waveguide gratings are most commonly used. AWGs split an optical signal into different wavelength cha"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-302--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-302", "Serial Arrayed Waveguide Grating", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Dispersive optical elements are important for many applications. In bulk, free-space optics, prisms, and gratings are often used. In optical waveguides, particularly in integrated photonics, arrayed waveguide gratings are most commonly used. AWGs split an optical signal into different wavelength cha"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-303", "GSC-TOPS-303", "Precision, Non-Contact Metrology", "optics", "GSFC", "Freeform optics and other challenging aspheric optical surfaces enable small, space-based optical instrumentation for science missions ranging from Earth sciences to planetary applications. The use of freeform optics can significantly reduce the package size as well as improve the image quality perf"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-303--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-303", "Precision, Non-Contact Metrology", "optics", "GSFC", "Freeform optics and other challenging aspheric optical surfaces enable small, space-based optical instrumentation for science missions ranging from Earth sciences to planetary applications. The use of freeform optics can significantly reduce the package size as well as improve the image quality perf"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-316", "GSC-TOPS-316", "FGPA Design and Testing Suite for Spacecube 3.0", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a next generation system that provides a new and powerful Cubesat architecture. This architecture is reconfigurable while being orders of magnitude more powerful than its Spacecube 2.0 predecessor. It’s hardware is updated with more powerful radiation tolerant circuits designed to f"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-317", "GSC-TOPS-317", "NavCube 2.0 Dual Frequency GPS L1/L2C Lunar Receiver", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Autonomous navigation is a critical piece of technology in advancing NASA’s lunar missions. Autonomous navigation is advantageous in reducing network communication load while providing real-time positioning and telemetry. The NavCube 2.0 dual-frequency GPS L1/L2C receiver combines an addition freque"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-323", "GSC-TOPS-323", "Concept Development for Advanced Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can globally monitor dynamic processes on the Earths Surface. The last SAR to be developed and deployed by NASA was in the year 2000. This systems high costs inhibited development of new and improved designs. NASA has developed a new, state of the art, SAR s"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-323--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-323", "Concept Development for Advanced Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can globally monitor dynamic processes on the Earth’s Surface. The last SAR to be developed and deployed by NASA was in the year 2000. This system ’s high costs inhibited development of new and improved designs. NASA has developed a new, state of the art, SA"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-330", "GSC-TOPS-330", "Hypergol Refueling Tool (HRT) and Quick Disconnect (QD) System", "aerospace", "GSFC", "A non-cooperative satellite is a satellite that was not designed with on-orbit servicing in mind. Compared to a cooperative servicing interface, non-cooperative interfaces pose unique difficulties and challenges. Refueling is important to resupply of propellant and required pressurants or other medi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-330--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-330", "Hypergol Refueling Tool (HRT) and Quick Disconnect (QD) System", "aerospace", "GSFC", "A non-cooperative satellite is a satellite that was not designed with on-orbit servicing in mind. Compared to a cooperative servicing interface, non-cooperative interfaces pose unique difficulties and challenges. Refueling is important to resupply of propellant and required pressurants or other medi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-333", "GSC-TOPS-333", "Tannin Based Foams Utilizing 10B-Al-N Atomic Layer Deposition", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a cost-effective nanoadditive-manufacturing technique that allows for the conformal coating of substrates with atomic control in a benign temperature and pressure environment. Through the introduction of paired precursor gases, thin films can be deposited on a myriad"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-339", "GSC-TOPS-339", "Improved VAD horizontal wind retrievals using high-altitude airborne Doppler radar", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Traditionally, velocity-azimuth display (VAD) wind retrievals are performed using a single rotation of a ground-based or airborne radar antenna. The processed data from this technique contains assumptions about the horizontal and vertical wind conditions which can result in large measurement errors."], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-341", "GSC-TOPS-341", "Client Berthing System (CBS)", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Historically, satellites that stop functioning due to depleted propellant, system failures, etc., are decommissioned and replaced with a newly built satellite. However, the cost and logistical complexity of satellite replacement is significant, meaning life extension via in-orbit satellite servicing"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-341--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-341", "Client Berthing System (CBS)", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Historically, satellites that stop functioning due to depleted propellant, system failures, etc., are decommissioned and replaced with a newly built satellite. However, the cost and logistical complexity of satellite replacement is significant, meaning life extension via in-orbit satellite servicing"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-35", "GSC-TOPS-35", "SpaceCube", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "SpaceCube is a cross-cutting, in-flight reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based on-board hybrid science data processing system developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The goal of the SpaceCube program is to provide 10x to 100x improvements in on-board computing po"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-35--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-35", "SpaceCube", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "SpaceCube is a cross-cutting, in-flight reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based on-board hybrid science data processing system developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The goal of the SpaceCube program is to provide 10x to 100x improvements in on-board computing po"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-351", "GSC-TOPS-351", "New motors for next-generation in-space servicing", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are of interest to drive tools for in-space servicing due to their reliability, efficiency, and controllability. Current BLDC motors do not meet the needs of space environments, nor do they have common interfaces, limiting their versatility. NASA inventors have"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-351--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-351", "New motors for next-generation in-space servicing", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are of interest to drive tools for in-space servicing due to their reliability, efficiency, and controllability. Current BLDC motors do not meet the needs of space environments, nor do they have common interfaces, limiting their versatility. NASA inventors have"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-352", "GSC-TOPS-352", "3D Lidar for Improved Rover Traversal and Imagery", "optics", "GSFC", "Planetary and lunar rover exploration missions can encounter environments that do not allow for navigation by typical, stereo camera-based systems. Stereo cameras meet difficulties in areas with low ambient light (even when lit by floodlights), direct sunlight, or washed-out environments. Improved s"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-352--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-352", "3D Lidar for Improved Rover Traversal and Imagery", "optics", "GSFC", "Planetary and lunar rover exploration missions can encounter environments that do not allow for navigation by typical, stereo camera-based systems. Stereo cameras meet difficulties in areas with low ambient light (even when lit by floodlights), direct sunlight, or washed-out environments. Improved s"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-353", "GSC-TOPS-353", "3D Lidar for Autonomous Landing Site Selection", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Next generation autonomous planetary exploration missions require advanced sensing capabilities for choosing proper landing areas for the vehicles. Current tools do not have the capability to allow vehicles outside the range of terrestrial control to autonomously perform safe landing operations. The"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-353--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-353", "3D Lidar for Autonomous Landing Site Selection", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Next generation autonomous planetary exploration missions require advanced sensing capabilities for choosing proper landing areas for the vehicles. Current tools do not have the capability to allow vehicles outside the range of terrestrial control to autonomously perform safe landing operations. The"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-354", "GSC-TOPS-354", "Powered Kite with Enhanced Aerial Position Control", "sensors", "GSFC", "Inventors at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed Skyvator, a kite-based aerial observation tool that uses a single tether to effectively position the kite and adjust it to the required altitude. Currently, most kite systems require multiple tethers to support kite positioning adjustmen"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-354--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-354", "Powered Kite with Enhanced Aerial Position Control", "sensors", "GSFC", "Inventors at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed Skyvator, a kite-based aerial observation tool that uses a single tether to effectively position the kite and adjust it to the required altitude. Currently, most kite systems require multiple tethers to support kite positioning adjustmen"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-355", "GSC-TOPS-355", "Reduced PIC fabrication cost by one-step method", "optics", "GSFC", "Researchers at the NASA Goddard Space Center have developed an innovative technique that allows photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chips with multiple devices to be produced with only a single round of electron beam lithography and etching. Traditionally, fabricating PICs with different types of lase"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-355--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-355", "Reduced PIC fabrication cost by one-step method", "optics", "GSFC", "Researchers at the NASA Goddard Space Center have developed an innovative technique that allows photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chips with multiple devices to be produced with only a single round of electron beam lithography and etching. Traditionally, fabricating PICs with different types of lase"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-359", "GSC-TOPS-359", "SpaceCube Mini Solid State Data Recorder (SSDR)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Upcoming SmallSat missions at NASA and in the commercial space sector require highly performant, miniaturized, and radiation tolerant components. One need is for data recorders capable of storing large quantities of data generated by advanced sensors for extended durations. Commercially available Sm"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-359--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-359", "SpaceCube Mini Solid State Data Recorder (SSDR)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Upcoming SmallSat missions at NASA and in the commercial space sector require highly performant, miniaturized, and radiation tolerant components. One need is for data recorders capable of storing large quantities of data generated by advanced sensors for extended durations. Commercially available Sm"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-36", "GSC-TOPS-36", "Diminutive Assembly for Nanosatellite deploYables (DANY)", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SmallSats (i.e., mass below 500 kg) are increasingly becoming big business. More than 100 global organizations across academia, governments, and industry are involved in the development of SmallSats of the nanosat/microsat variety (i.e., mass of 1-50 kg). According to SpaceWorks, up to 2,750 such na"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-36--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-36", "Diminutive Assembly for Nanosatellite deploYables (DANY)", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SmallSats (i.e., mass below 500 kg) are increasingly becoming big business. More than 100 global organizations across academia, governments, and industry are involved in the development of SmallSats of the nanosat/microsat variety (i.e., mass of 1-50 kg). According to SpaceWorks, up to 2,750 such na"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-360", "GSC-TOPS-360", "Visual Inspection Posable Invertebrate Robot (VIPIR)", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "On-orbit spacecraft maintenance and repair of components are critical for extending mission lifespans and ensuring operational safety. Traditional inspection methods, like astronaut extravehicular activities (EVAs), are risky and resource-intensive, while fixed cameras offer limited views. To addres"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-360--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-360", "Visual Inspection Posable Invertebrate Robot (VIPIR)", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "On-orbit spacecraft maintenance and repair of components are critical for extending mission lifespans and ensuring operational safety. Traditional inspection methods, like astronaut extravehicular activities (EVAs), are risky and resource-intensive, while fixed cameras offer limited views. To addres"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-361", "GSC-TOPS-361", "High Performance, All-Metal X-Band Patch Antenna", "communications", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed an all-metal, X-band patch antenna with built in choke rings and a polarizer circuit to meet the stringent requirements of high-precision space navigation antennas for the Geodetic Reference Instrument Transponder for Small Satellites ("], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-361--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-361", "High Performance, All-Metal X-Band Patch Antenna", "communications", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed an all-metal, X-band patch antenna with built in choke rings and a polarizer circuit to meet the stringent requirements of high-precision space navigation antennas for the Geodetic Reference Instrument Transponder for Small Satellites ("], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-362", "GSC-TOPS-362", "Lunar Experiment Support System and Handling (LESSH) Battery Charger Module (BCM)", "power generation and storage", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a groundbreaking extravehicular activity (EVA)-compatible Battery Charger Module (BCM) as part of the Lunar Experiment Support System and Handling (LESSH) package. This first-of-its-kind technology is designed to provide wired battery c"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-362--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-362", "Lunar Experiment Support System and Handling (LESSH) Battery Charger Module (BCM)", "power generation and storage", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a groundbreaking extravehicular activity (EVA)-compatible Battery Charger Module (BCM) as part of the Lunar Experiment Support System and Handling (LESSH) package. This first-of-its-kind technology is designed to provide wired battery c"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-363", "GSC-TOPS-363", "Advanced AlF3-Passivated Aluminum Mirrors", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Pure aluminum (Al) exhibits an intrinsically high reflectance in the 90 – 2500 nm wavelengths and is commonly used for mirrors in optical applications within this range. However, in order to be used in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) range between 90 – 130 nm, an optical thin film overcoat is needed to pr"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-363--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-363", "Advanced AlF3-Passivated Aluminum Mirrors", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Pure aluminum (Al) exhibits an intrinsically high reflectance in the 90 – 2500 nm wavelengths and is commonly used for mirrors in optical applications within this range. However, in order to be used in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) range between 90 – 130 nm, an optical thin film overcoat is needed to pr"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-364", "GSC-TOPS-364", "Portable Integrated Fourier Ptychographic Microscope", "optics", "GSFC", "Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) seeks to address the tradeoff between resolution and field-of-view (FoV) experienced by conventional imaging methods. The technique combines multiple low-resolution images captured under varying illumination angles to reconstruct a single, high-resolution, wide"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-364--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-364", "Portable Integrated Fourier Ptychographic Microscope", "optics", "GSFC", "Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) seeks to address the tradeoff between resolution and field-of-view (FoV) experienced by conventional imaging methods. The technique combines multiple low-resolution images captured under varying illumination angles to reconstruct a single, high-resolution, wide"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-365", "GSC-TOPS-365", "Self-Adjusting Gap System for Charge Mitigation and Monitoring", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA scientists working on the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission identified a critical risk to measurement devices: uncontrolled electrical discharges from surface charging during auroral charging events over polar ice regions. Rotating components on the satellite are espe"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-365--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-365", "Self-Adjusting Gap System for Charge Mitigation and Monitoring", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA scientists working on the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission identified a critical risk to measurement devices: uncontrolled electrical discharges from surface charging during auroral charging events over polar ice regions. Rotating components on the satellite are espe"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-366", "GSC-TOPS-366", "Integrated-Photonic Electromagnetic Signal Detector", "communications", "GSFC", "In remote sensing and communication systems, designers constantly face the challenge of maintaining high detection sensitivity while minimizing Size, Weight, Power consumption, and Cost (SWaP-C). Small satellites and portable communication devices, for instance, have strict size and power constraint"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-366--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-366", "Integrated-Photonic Electromagnetic Signal Detector", "communications", "GSFC", "In remote sensing and communication systems, designers constantly face the challenge of maintaining high detection sensitivity while minimizing Size, Weight, Power consumption, and Cost (SWaP-C). Small satellites and portable communication devices, for instance, have strict size and power constraint"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-367", "GSC-TOPS-367", "High-Performance Aluminum Mirrors for Far-Ultraviolet Applications", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Aluminum (Al) is known for its high reflectance in the 90 – 2500 nm wavelengths and is commonly used for mirrors in optical applications within this range e.g., for NASA’s proposed Large UV/Optical/IR (LUVOIR) surveyor observatory. However, in order to be used in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral r"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-368", "GSC-TOPS-368", "Dual-Polarized, Wideband, Lightweight P-band Antenna Element and Array", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Many critical science objectives demand the capability to penetrate meters of dust and regolith to reveal buried terrain. While NASA’s primary focus includes the Moon and Mars, future missions targeting Venus, Mercury, asteroids, and other celestial bodies will also require technologies capable of d"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-368--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-368", "Dual-Polarized, Wideband, Lightweight P-band Antenna Element and Array", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Many critical science objectives demand the capability to penetrate meters of dust and regolith to reveal buried terrain. While NASA’s primary focus includes the Moon and Mars, future missions targeting Venus, Mercury, asteroids, and other celestial bodies will also require technologies capable of d"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-369", "GSC-TOPS-369", "Quantum Cascade Laser Source and Transceiver", "sensors", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a cutting-edge quantum cascade laser (QCL) source and terahertz transceiver that integrates a surface plasmon waveguide, addressing the growing demand for compact, high-resolution systems in communication, material characterization, and"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-369--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-369", "Quantum Cascade Laser Source and Transceiver", "sensors", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a cutting-edge quantum cascade laser (QCL) source and terahertz transceiver that integrates a surface plasmon waveguide, addressing the growing demand for compact, high-resolution systems in communication, material characterization, and"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-370", "GSC-TOPS-370", "Ultra-low Reflectivity Black Silicon Pupil Masks", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "NASA’s direct imaging missions for exoplanet discovery rely on coronagraph masks to reduce light scattering and diffraction. These masks play a crucial role in improving contrast and suppressing unwanted reflections, enabling the detection of faint celestial objects. However, traditional masks have "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-370--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-370", "Ultra-low Reflectivity Black Silicon Pupil Masks", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "NASA’s direct imaging missions for exoplanet discovery rely on coronagraph masks to reduce light scattering and diffraction. These masks play a crucial role in improving contrast and suppressing unwanted reflections, enabling the detection of faint celestial objects. However, traditional masks have "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-371", "GSC-TOPS-371", "Waveguide-based Dielectric and Magnetic Property Measurement", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Understanding the composition of planetary surfaces is crucial for advancing space exploration and preparing for future human missions to the Moon and Mars. NASA’s proposed International Mars Ice Mapping (I-MIM) mission aims to use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to identify near-surface ice deposits"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-371--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-371", "Waveguide-based Dielectric and Magnetic Property Measurement", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Understanding the composition of planetary surfaces is crucial for advancing space exploration and preparing for future human missions to the Moon and Mars. NASA’s proposed International Mars Ice Mapping (I-MIM) mission aims to use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to identify near-surface ice deposits"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-373", "GSC-TOPS-373", "Broadband Metamaterial Termination for Planar Superconducting Transmission Line Circuits", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA scientists at Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a broadband metamaterial termination for planar superconducting transmission line circuits. This technology was created as part of a collaborative effort with researchers on the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) microwave tel"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-373--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-373", "Broadband Metamaterial Termination for Planar Superconducting Transmission Line Circuits", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA scientists at Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a broadband metamaterial termination for planar superconducting transmission line circuits. This technology was created as part of a collaborative effort with researchers on the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) microwave tel"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-374", "GSC-TOPS-374", "Self-Bootstrapping Isolated Power Converter", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Isolated power converters (IPCs) provide safety and performance benefits like noise reduction by separating current flow between a circuit’s input and output. Existing IPCs require bootstrapping the main converter on startup by using a dedicated converter to supply isolated power from the output to "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-374--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-374", "Self-Bootstrapping Isolated Power Converter", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Isolated power converters (IPCs) provide safety and performance benefits like noise reduction by separating current flow between a circuit’s input and output. Existing IPCs require bootstrapping the main converter on startup by using a dedicated converter to supply isolated power from the output to "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-375", "GSC-TOPS-375", "Sensitive, Compact 1x8 Array 530-600 GHz Receiver", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "High-resolution heterodyne-based millimeter-wave spectrometers are used in remote sensing for studying planetary atmospheres. Currently, single-pixel receivers in the submillimeter-wave range provide incomplete information on molecular targets that require simultaneous measurement of differential ta"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-375--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-375", "Sensitive, Compact 1x8 Array 530-600 GHz Receiver", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "High-resolution heterodyne-based millimeter-wave spectrometers are used in remote sensing for studying planetary atmospheres. Currently, single-pixel receivers in the submillimeter-wave range provide incomplete information on molecular targets that require simultaneous measurement of differential ta"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-376", "GSC-TOPS-376", "Non-Magnetic Absorptive Material for Microwave to Far-Infrared Applications", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Researchers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a non-magnetic absorptive media that optimizes the dielectric function of the mixture, delivering superior optical, thermal, and mechanical properties for space-based instrumentation. Conductively loaded dielectric mixtures are widely "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-376--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-376", "Non-Magnetic Absorptive Material for Microwave to Far-Infrared Applications", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Researchers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a non-magnetic absorptive media that optimizes the dielectric function of the mixture, delivering superior optical, thermal, and mechanical properties for space-based instrumentation. Conductively loaded dielectric mixtures are widely "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-377", "GSC-TOPS-377", "Atomic Layer Deposition-Enhanced Far-to-Mid Infrared Camera Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Infrared (IR) cameras for space missions require robust coatings that are cryogenically cooled to reduce thermal noise and are low-reflectance absorptive to mitigate image artifacts such as glinting, ghosting, and internal reflections. Thermal noise reduction improves as temperatures decrease (e.g.,"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-377--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-377", "Atomic Layer Deposition-Enhanced Far-to-Mid Infrared Camera Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Infrared (IR) cameras for space missions require robust coatings that are cryogenically cooled to reduce thermal noise and are low-reflectance absorptive to mitigate image artifacts such as glinting, ghosting, and internal reflections. Thermal noise reduction improves as temperatures decrease (e.g.,"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-378", "GSC-TOPS-378", "ActiVator: A High-Performance Line Climber for Kite-Based Atmospheric Sensing", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "Researchers at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility have developed a high-performance line climber, the ActiVator, for kite-based atmospheric profiling and remote sensing. Designed to carry cameras, atmospheric sensors, and other instrumentation, the ActiVator maintains a precisely controlled center of gr"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-378--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-378", "ActiVator: A High-Performance Line Climber for Kite-Based Atmospheric Sensing", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "Researchers at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility have developed a high-performance line climber, the ActiVator, for kite-based atmospheric profiling and remote sensing. Designed to carry cameras, atmospheric sensors, and other instrumentation, the ActiVator maintains a precisely controlled center of gr"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-379", "GSC-TOPS-379", "Novel Process to Create Structured Membrane Films for Micromachining Applications", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "Conventional micromachining and etching techniques used in microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices have several disadvantages such as the use of etch stop materials, the use of hazardous gases and specialized equipment, and localized heating effects. As a result, devices or membranes may be damaged or"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-379--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-379", "Novel Process to Create Structured Membrane Films for Micromachining Applications", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "Conventional micromachining and etching techniques used in microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices have several disadvantages such as the use of etch stop materials, the use of hazardous gases and specialized equipment, and localized heating effects. As a result, devices or membranes may be damaged or"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-380", "GSC-TOPS-380", "Wideband, Subharmonic Mixer for Spectrometers", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Heterodyne wave spectrometers include a receiver and are configured to analyze electromagnetic waves by mixing an incoming signal with a reference signal (local oscillator - LO) to produce a lower intermediate frequency (IF) for processing. Within the receiver, a mixer plays a crucial role by combin"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-380--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-380", "Wideband, Subharmonic Mixer for Spectrometers", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Heterodyne wave spectrometers include a receiver and are configured to analyze electromagnetic waves by mixing an incoming signal with a reference signal (local oscillator - LO) to produce a lower intermediate frequency (IF) for processing. Within the receiver, a mixer plays a crucial role by combin"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-382", "GSC-TOPS-382", "LiDAR with Reduced-Length Linear Detector Array", "optics", "GSFC", "In recent years, LiDAR innovations have significantly improved instrument sensitivity and efficiency while reducing size, weight, and power requirements. Future Earth and planetary science missions require more compact and efficient ranging LiDARs capable of probing multiple profiles and enabling 3D"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-382--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-382", "LiDAR with Reduced-Length Linear Detector Array", "optics", "GSFC", "In recent years, LiDAR innovations have significantly improved instrument sensitivity and efficiency while reducing size, weight, and power requirements. Future Earth and planetary science missions require more compact and efficient ranging LiDARs capable of probing multiple profiles and enabling 3D"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-385", "GSC-TOPS-385", "Fabrication of Binary Phase Photon Sieves", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "Conventional methods for focusing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light are challenged by its high energy and short wavelength, which result in chromatic aberrations and material limitations. Photon sieves, which utilize perforated membranes, offer a solution for EUV applications requiring large-area stru"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-385--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-385", "Fabrication of Binary Phase Photon Sieves", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "Conventional methods for focusing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light are challenged by its high energy and short wavelength, which result in chromatic aberrations and material limitations. Photon sieves, which utilize perforated membranes, offer a solution for EUV applications requiring large-area stru"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-386", "GSC-TOPS-386", "WindiWing: Atmospheric Data Collection Line Climber", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Collecting atmospheric data is crucial for climate research, meteorology, and environmental monitoring. However, traditional methods using drones come with significant challenges, including regulatory restrictions, specialized training, battery constraints, and infrastructure costs. Previous kite-ba"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-386--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-386", "WindiWing: Atmospheric Data Collection Line Climber", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Collecting atmospheric data is crucial for climate research, meteorology, and environmental monitoring. However, traditional methods using drones come with significant challenges, including regulatory restrictions, specialized training, battery constraints, and infrastructure costs. Previous kite-ba"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-387", "GSC-TOPS-387", "TerraROVER", "environment", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Wallops Flight Center have developed the TerraROVER as part of the AEROKATS and Rover Education Network. The TerraROVER is a 3D-printable, remotely controlled wheeled platform designed for educational and research applications. It features electric propulsion for operation on va"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-387--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-387", "TerraROVER", "environment", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Wallops Flight Center have developed the TerraROVER as part of the AEROKATS and Rover Education Network. The TerraROVER is a 3D-printable, remotely controlled wheeled platform designed for educational and research applications. It features electric propulsion for operation on va"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-388", "GSC-TOPS-388", "Photon-Efficient Scanning LiDAR System", "sensors", "GSFC", "Scanning LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an advanced remote sensing technology that uses laser pulses to create high-resolution, three-dimensional maps of surfaces. Traditional LiDAR systems often lack control over uniform scanning patterns, leading to inefficient or redundant information ove"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-388--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-388", "Photon-Efficient Scanning LiDAR System", "sensors", "GSFC", "Scanning LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an advanced remote sensing technology that uses laser pulses to create high-resolution, three-dimensional maps of surfaces. Traditional LiDAR systems often lack control over uniform scanning patterns, leading to inefficient or redundant information ove"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-389", "GSC-TOPS-389", "Wide Field Receiver Calibration Device for Micro Pulse LiDAR", "sensors", "GSFC", "Micro Pulse LiDAR (MPL) instruments – first developed in the early 1990s by a NASA scientist – are compact, eye-safe elastic-backscatter LiDARs deployable at remote locations. A federated ground network of MPLs compose the NASA MPL Network (MPLNET), which provides continuous aerosol and cloud profil"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-389--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-389", "Wide Field Receiver Calibration Device for Micro Pulse LiDAR", "sensors", "GSFC", "Micro Pulse LiDAR (MPL) instruments – first developed in the early 1990s by a NASA scientist – are compact, eye-safe elastic-backscatter LiDARs deployable at remote locations. A federated ground network of MPLs compose the NASA MPL Network (MPLNET), which provides continuous aerosol and cloud profil"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-390", "GSC-TOPS-390", "Grid-Oriented Normalization for Analysis of Spherical Areas (GONASA)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Accurate measurement and characterization of surface features on spherical objects, such as planets and moons, is a persistent challenge in planetary science, remote sensing, and atmospheric research. When viewed through traditional two-dimensional imaging, these spherical surfaces become distorted,"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-390--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-390", "Grid-Oriented Normalization for Analysis of Spherical Areas (GONASA)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Accurate measurement and characterization of surface features on spherical objects, such as planets and moons, is a persistent challenge in planetary science, remote sensing, and atmospheric research. When viewed through traditional two-dimensional imaging, these spherical surfaces become distorted,"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-394", "GSC-TOPS-394", "STELLA-1.2", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "STELLA-1.2 is an innovative low-cost, modular, open-source sensor suite designed for environmental and spectral analysis. The platform supports interchangeable sensor cartridges that attach magnetically to a central data-logging base unit, enabling users to collect air quality, spectral, and geospat"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-394--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-394", "STELLA-1.2", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "STELLA-1.2 is an innovative low-cost, modular, open-source sensor suite designed for environmental and spectral analysis. The platform supports interchangeable sensor cartridges that attach magnetically to a central data-logging base unit, enabling users to collect air quality, spectral, and geospat"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-395", "GSC-TOPS-395", "Automated Picoliter-Scale Functionalization for High-Precision Sensor Arrays", "sensors", "GSFC", "Gas sensors detect target molecules through changes in electrical resistance when analytes interact with the sensor surface. To improve selectivity, sensors are functionalized, meaning they are coated with specialized materials that preferentially bind specific gases. These functional materials, whi"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-40", "GSC-TOPS-40", "CubeSat Form Factor Thermal Control Louvers", "aerospace", "GSFC", "As small spacecraft become a part of NASAs repertoire of missions, one reoccurring theme is an increased need for thermal control as power budgets increase and tight instrument temperature tolerances are introduced on smaller platforms. Until now CubeSats have not needed thermal control outside of r"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-40--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-40", "CubeSat Form Factor Thermal Control Louvers", "aerospace", "GSFC", "As small spacecraft become a part of NASAs repertoire of missions, one reoccurring theme is an increased need for thermal control as power budgets increase and tight instrument temperature tolerances are introduced on smaller platforms. Until now CubeSats have not needed thermal control outside of r"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-42", "GSC-TOPS-42", "A Method For Developing And Maintaining Evolving Systems With Software Product Lines", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Physical manufacturers have been taking advantage of mass manufacturing ideas for a long time, increasing their productivity, cutting their costs, and ensuring the quality and uniformity of their products. Now, this idea is being applied to software production so the same benefits can be reaped in t"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-42--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-42", "A Method For Developing And Maintaining Evolving Systems With Software Product Lines", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Physical manufacturers have been taking advantage of mass manufacturing ideas for a long time, increasing their productivity, cutting their costs, and ensuring the quality and uniformity of their products. Now, this idea is being applied to software production so the same benefits can be reaped in t"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-51", "GSC-TOPS-51", "Miniaturized High-Speed Modulated X-Ray Source (MXS)", "optics", "GSFC", "This miniaturized X-ray source can be modulated in intensity from completely off to full intensity, over 100 keV, in subnanosecond timescales. The high speed switching capability and miniature size make possible many new technologies including X-ray-based communication, compact time resolved X-ray d"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-51--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-51", "Miniaturized High-Speed Modulated X-Ray Source (MXS)", "optics", "GSFC", "This miniaturized X-ray source can be modulated in intensity from completely off to full intensity, over 100 keV, in subnanosecond timescales. The high speed switching capability and miniature size make possible many new technologies including X-ray-based communication, compact time resolved X-ray d"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-53", "GSC-TOPS-53", "MERRA/AS and Climate Analytics-as-a-Service (CAaaS)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) integrates data from a variety of satellite systems with numerical models to produce a temporally and spatially consistent synthesis of climate variables that are not easily observed. MERRA provides global coverage. The MERR"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-53--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-53", "MERRA/AS and Climate Analytics-as-a-Service (CAaaS)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) integrates data from a variety of satellite systems with numerical models to produce a temporally and spatially consistent synthesis of climate variables that are not easily observed. MERRA provides global coverage. The MERR"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-56", "GSC-TOPS-56", "Otoacoustic Protection In Biologically-Inspired Systems", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The field of autonomic computing (also known in other parlance as organic computing, biologically inspired computing, self managing systems, etc...) has emerged as a promising means of ensuring reliability, dependability, and survivability in computer based systems, in particular in systems where au"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-56--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-56", "Otoacoustic Protection In Biologically-Inspired Systems", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The field of autonomic computing (also known in other parlance as organic computing, biologically inspired computing, self managing systems, etc...) has emerged as a promising means of ensuring reliability, dependability, and survivability in computer based systems, in particular in systems where au"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-6", "GSC-TOPS-6", "Algorithms for stabilizing intelligent networks", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Inspired by psychology, these algorithms could be developed and applied towards creating stable, predictable, and artificially intelligent networks. These algorithms collectively represent ways for intelligent systems to identify and correct unpredictable or unstable behaviors, creating stable emoti"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-6--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-6", "Algorithms for stabilizing intelligent networks", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Inspired by psychology, these algorithms could be developed and applied towards creating stable, predictable, and artificially intelligent networks. These algorithms collectively represent ways for intelligent systems to identify and correct unpredictable or unstable behaviors, creating stable emoti"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-63", "GSC-TOPS-63", "The Hilbert-Huang Transform Real-Time Data Processing System", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "One of the main heritage tools used in scientific and engineering data spectrum analysis is the Fourier Integral Transform and its high performance digital equivalent - the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Fourier view of nonlinear mechanics that had existed for a long time and the associated FFT c"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-63--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-63", "The Hilbert-Huang Transform Real-Time Data Processing System", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "One of the main heritage tools used in scientific and engineering data spectrum analysis is the Fourier Integral Transform and its high performance digital equivalent - the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Fourier view of nonlinear mechanics that had existed for a long time and the associated FFT c"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-65", "GSC-TOPS-65", "Simple Impedance Matched Planar Microwave Blocking Filter", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Thermal blocking filters find wide use in cryogenic applications ranging from quantum computing to ultra-low-noise detectors. They can be used to provide the environmental isolation between cooled devices and the warmer temperature supporting bias and readout circuitry. In particular, they are effec"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-7", "GSC-TOPS-7", "Automatic Extraction of Planetary Image Features and Multi-Sensor Image Registration", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Many automatic feature extraction methods have been proposed and utilized for Earth remote sensing images, but these methods are not always applicable to Lunar data that often present low contrast and uneven illumination characteristics. The boundary of Lunar features is not always well defined, and"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-7--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-7", "Automatic Extraction of Planetary Image Features and Multi-Sensor Image Registration", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Many automatic feature extraction methods have been proposed and utilized for Earth remote sensing images, but these methods are not always applicable to Lunar data that often present low contrast and uneven illumination characteristics. The boundary of Lunar features is not always well defined, and"], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-72", "GSC-TOPS-72", "Space Link Extension Return Channel Frames (SLE-RCF) Software Library", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) employs many advanced innovations developed at Goddard and in collaboration with other organizations. The applications and benefits for these technologies are advantageous for many other industries as well. One of those technologies is the Space Link Extension "], ["patent", "GSC-TOPS-72--GSC-TOPS", "GSC-TOPS-72", "Space Link Extension Return Channel Frames (SLE-RCF) Software Library", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) employs many advanced innovations developed at Goddard and in collaboration with other organizations. The applications and benefits for these technologies are advantageous for many other industries as well. One of those technologies is the Space Link Extension "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-1", "KSC-TOPS-1", "Smart Coating for Corrosion Detection and Protection", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of a smart, environmentally friendly coating system for early detection and inhibition of corrosion and self-healing of mechanical damage without external intervention. This coating will have the inherent ability to de"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-1--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-1", "Smart Coating for Corrosion Detection and Protection", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of a smart, environmentally friendly coating system for early detection and inhibition of corrosion and self-healing of mechanical damage without external intervention. This coating will have the inherent ability to de"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-10", "KSC-TOPS-10", "Sorbent Polymer Extraction and Remediation System (SPEARS)", "environment", "KSC", "NASAs Kennedy Space Center has developed a novel method for the in situ removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) found in submerged sediments. The technology consists of low-cost polymer spikes that attract and absorb PCBs. Seeking to avoid the pitfalls of current methods for handling PCB-contami"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-10--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-10", "Sorbent Polymer Extraction and Remediation System (SPEARS)", "environment", "KSC", "NASAs Kennedy Space Center has developed a novel method for the in situ removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) found in submerged sediments. The technology consists of low-cost polymer spikes that attract and absorb PCBs. Seeking to avoid the pitfalls of current methods for handling PCB-contami"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-100", "KSC-TOPS-100", "Modular System for Waste Treatment, Water Recycling, and Resource Recovery", "environment", "KSC", "Current water recovery and purification systems aboard the International Space Station are open loop (requiring external inputs) and inefficient. Additionally, organic wastes (i.e., fecal and food wastes) are currently not recycled, thus adding additional waste processing and hazardous conditions fo"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-100--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-100", "Modular System for Waste Treatment, Water Recycling, and Resource Recovery", "environment", "KSC", "Current water recovery and purification systems aboard the International Space Station are open loop (requiring external inputs) and inefficient. Additionally, organic wastes (i.e., fecal and food wastes) are currently not recycled, thus adding additional waste processing and hazardous conditions fo"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-101", "KSC-TOPS-101", "Self-Cleaning Seals", "electrical and electronics", "KSC", "In space applications, seals for hatches, suit ports, airlocks, and docking systems for pressurized volumes such as habitats, rovers, and space suits must be kept clean. This is necessary to achieve the extremely low leak rates required to ensure that crews will have sufficient breathable air for ex"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-101--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-101", "Self-Cleaning Seals", "electrical and electronics", "KSC", "In space applications, seals for hatches, suit ports, airlocks, and docking systems for pressurized volumes such as habitats, rovers, and space suits must be kept clean. This is necessary to achieve the extremely low leak rates required to ensure that crews will have sufficient breathable air for ex"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-102", "KSC-TOPS-102", "Improved Lunar Regolith Simulant Ion Implantation", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "The production of high-fidelity extraterrestrial regolith simulants is important for the development of future in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and remote sensing technologies. For these materials, the mechanical properties can be readily replicated but the absorbed material, electrostatic, and d"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-102--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-102", "Improved Lunar Regolith Simulant Ion Implantation", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "The production of high-fidelity extraterrestrial regolith simulants is important for the development of future in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and remote sensing technologies. For these materials, the mechanical properties can be readily replicated but the absorbed material, electrostatic, and d"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-103", "KSC-TOPS-103", "Polymer Composite Material", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Many municipal curbside recycling programs fund their operations by selling recyclable waste. Unfortunately, over the past several years, the price of recyclable plastic and glass waste has dropped due to lack of demand. The lack of demand also means that more recyclable waste plastic and glass is b"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-103--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-103", "Polymer Composite Material", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Many municipal curbside recycling programs fund their operations by selling recyclable waste. Unfortunately, over the past several years, the price of recyclable plastic and glass waste has dropped due to lack of demand. The lack of demand also means that more recyclable waste plastic and glass is b"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-104", "KSC-TOPS-104", "Compact System and Method for Treating Urine and Other Wastewater", "environment", "KSC", "Current space missions face significant challenges in managing waste and recycling resources, especially in closed environments like the International Space Station (ISS). Traditional Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) rely heavily on physical and chemical processes, which demand"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-104--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-104", "Compact System and Method for Treating Urine and Other Wastewater", "environment", "KSC", "Current space missions face significant challenges in managing waste and recycling resources, especially in closed environments like the International Space Station (ISS). Traditional Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) rely heavily on physical and chemical processes, which demand"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-105", "KSC-TOPS-105", "Dust-Repelling Coating for Thermal Radiators", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Space is a very unforgiving environment. Charged particles, vacuum, and thermal extremes are just a few of the conditions that make this environment challenging to explore. Lunar dust on the surface of the Moon adds complexity to this situation. Dust can be a health hazard to astronauts if they brea"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-105--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-105", "Dust-Repelling Coating for Thermal Radiators", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Space is a very unforgiving environment . Charged particles, vacuum, and thermal extremes are just a few of the conditions that make this environment challenging to explore. Lunar dust on the surface of the Moon adds complexity to this situation. Dust can be a health hazard to astronauts if they bre"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-106", "KSC-TOPS-106", "Regolith Utilization Multi-tool (RUM)", "robotics automation and control", "KSC", "RUM combines the function of multiple tools into one package that is ideal for smaller scale planetary ISRU and construction technology. The system was devised as a way to perform the collection of regolith feedstock, size screen it, convey to ISRU plant or other system, and perform site preparation"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-106--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-106", "Regolith Utilization Multi-tool (RUM)", "robotics automation and control", "KSC", "RUM combines the function of multiple tools into one package that is ideal for smaller scale planetary ISRU and construction technology . The system was devised as a way to perform the collection of regolith feedstock, size screen it, convey to ISRU plant or other system, and perform site preparatio"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-107", "KSC-TOPS-107", "Waverider", "instrumentation", "KSC", "Due to the lack of environmental erosion and exposure to solar wind radiation, meteorite, and micrometeorite bombardment, regolith dust on the moon is sharp and jagged like glass particles, and statically sticks to most surfaces. Regolith dust can rapidly degrade the longevity and effectiveness of e"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-107--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-107", "Waverider", "instrumentation", "KSC", "Due to the lack of environmental erosion and exposure to solar wind radiation, meteorite, and micrometeorite bombardment, regolith dust on the moon is sharp and jagged like glass particles, and statically sticks to most surfaces. Regolith dust can rapidly degrade the longevity and effectiveness of e"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-22", "KSC-TOPS-22", "Macroflash (Cup Cryostat)", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in a practical method for measuring thermal performance of materials at below-ambient temperatures or subjected to a large temperature difference. The technology uses liquid nitrogen as a direct heat energy meter and is applicable to testing at a w"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-22--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-22", "Macroflash (Cup Cryostat)", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in a practical method for measuring thermal performance of materials at below-ambient temperatures or subjected to a large temperature difference. The technology uses liquid nitrogen as a direct heat energy meter and is applicable to testing at a w"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-33", "KSC-TOPS-33", "Aerofoam", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of Aerofoam. Aerofoam is a unique foam composite insulation with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties. The novelty of this invention comes from combining a polymer foam with a unique inorganic filler in "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-33--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-33", "Aerofoam", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of Aerofoam. Aerofoam is a unique foam composite insulation with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties. The novelty of this invention comes from combining a polymer foam with a unique inorganic filler in "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-36", "KSC-TOPS-36", "Wastewater Treatment and Remediation", "environment", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) seeks to license its Water Remediation Treatment System to industry. The system utilizes an affordable media that is highly selective for ammonia, allowing large concentrations of ammonia in wastewater to be reduced to levels less than 1 ppm. Following treatment, the "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-36--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-36", "Wastewater Treatment and Remediation", "environment", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) seeks to license its Water Remediation Treatment System to industry. The system utilizes an affordable media that is highly selective for ammonia, allowing large concentrations of ammonia in wastewater to be reduced to levels less than 1 ppm. Following treatment, the "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-43", "KSC-TOPS-43", "Cryostat-500", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the guarded flat plate insulation test cryostat (Cryostat-500), a boil-off calorimeter comprised of a flat bottom test apparatus for measuring the absolute thermal performance of an insulation test specimen. This instrument provides convenient t"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-43--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-43", "Cryostat-500", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the guarded flat plate insulation test cryostat (Cryostat-500), a boil-off calorimeter comprised of a flat bottom test apparatus for measuring the absolute thermal performance of an insulation test specimen. This instrument provides convenient t"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-48", "KSC-TOPS-48", "Feedthrough for Severe Environments and Temperatures", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Feedthrough for Severe Environments and Temperatures. NASAs Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is offering companies licensing or partnering opportunities in the development of this innovative technology. KSC's new desi"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-48--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-48", "Feedthrough for Severe Environments and Temperatures", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Feedthrough for Severe Environments and Temperatures. NASAs Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is offering companies licensing or partnering opportunities in the development of this innovative technology. KSC's new desi"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-58", "KSC-TOPS-58", "Layered Composite Insulation for Extreme Conditions (LCX)", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of a layered composite insulation system for nonvacuum applications and extreme environmental exposure conditions. This layered composite insulation system for extreme conditions (or LCX) is particularly suited for com"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-58--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-58", "Layered Composite Insulation for Extreme Conditions (LCX)", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of a layered composite insulation system for nonvacuum applications and extreme environmental exposure conditions. This layered composite insulation system for extreme conditions (or LCX) is particularly suited for com"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-59", "KSC-TOPS-59", "Cryogenic Selective Surfaces", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Thermal control coatings, i.e. coatings with different visible versus infrared emission, have been used by NASA on the Orbiter and Hubble Telescope to reflect sunlight, while allowing heat rejection via infrared emission. However, these coatings absorb at least 6% of the Sun's irradiant power, limit"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-59--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-59", "Cryogenic Selective Surfaces", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Thermal control coatings, i.e. coatings with different visible versus infrared emission, have been used by NASA on the Orbiter and Hubble Telescope to reflect sunlight, while allowing heat rejection via infrared emission. However, these coatings absorb at least 6% of the Sun's irradiant power, limit"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-6", "KSC-TOPS-6", "In Situ Wire Damage Detection and Rerouting System", "electrical and electronics", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the In Situ Wire Damage Detection and Rerouting System. NASA is soliciting licensees for this innovative technology. The In Situ Wire Damage Detection and Rerouting System consists of a miniaturized inline connector"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-62", "KSC-TOPS-62", "Cryogenic Flux Capacitor", "power generation and storage", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC). This new technology capitalizes on the energy storage capacity of liquefied gasses. By exploiting a unique attribute of nano-porous materials, aerogel in this case, fluid commodit"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-62--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-62", "Cryogenic Flux Capacitor", "power generation and storage", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC). This new technology capitalizes on the energy storage capacity of liquefied gasses. By exploiting a unique attribute of nano-porous materials , aerogel in this case, fluid commodi"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-63", "KSC-TOPS-63", "Quick Disconnect for High Pressure Mate/De-Mate", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Quick Disconnect for High Pressure Mate/De-Mate. NASAs Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is offering companies licensing and partnering opportunities for the development and commercialization of this innovative technol"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-64", "KSC-TOPS-64", "Dust Tolerant Quick Disconnect With Self-Sealing Barrier", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Dust Tolerant Quick Disconnect With Self-Sealing Barrier. NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is offering companies licensing and partnering opportunities for the development and commercialization of this innovati"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-67", "KSC-TOPS-67", "Inductive Non-Contact Position Sensor", "sensors", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Inductive Non-Contact Position Sensor technology. The Inductive Non-Contact Position Sensor is a highly accurate sensor for motion control applications. The sensor was designed to monitor the precise movements o"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-7", "KSC-TOPS-7", "Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator", "robotics automation and control", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator. NASAs Kennedy Space Center is soliciting licensees for this innovative technology. RASSOR is a teleoperated mobile robotic platform with a u"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-7--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-7", "Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator", "robotics automation and control", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator. NASAs Kennedy Space Center is soliciting licensees for this innovative technology. RASSOR is a teleoperated mobile robotic platform with a u"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-73", "KSC-TOPS-73", "Passive Porous Tube Nutrient Delivery System", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "A primary challenge to growing plants in microgravity is the delivery of adequate air, water and nutrients to a plant's roots. Microgravity alters convection and thus the behavior of root zone aeration which plants are evolutionarily reliant upon to grow. Current nutrient delivery techniques propose"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-73--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-73", "Passive Porous Tube Nutrient Delivery System", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "A primary challenge to growing plants in microgravity is the delivery of adequate air, water and nutrients to a plant's roots. Microgravity alters convection and thus the behavior of root zone aeration which plants are evolutionarily reliant upon to grow. Current nutrient delivery techniques propose"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-74", "KSC-TOPS-74", "Flexible Body Control Using Fiber Optic Sensors (FlexFOS)", "sensors", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Flexible Body Control Using Fiber Optic Sensors (FlexFLOS) technology. The FlexFOS measures flexible dynamic state through a reference strain structure (RSS) combined with fiber optic strain sensors (FOSS). This"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-74--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-74", "Flexible Body Control Using Fiber Optic Sensors (FlexFOS)", "sensors", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Flexible Body Control Using Fiber Optic Sensors (FlexFLOS) technology. The FlexFOS measures flexible dynamic state through a reference strain structure (RSS) combined with fiber optic strain sensors (FOSS). This"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-78", "KSC-TOPS-78", "Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) for Paints", "environment", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) for treating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in paints. NASAs Kennedy Space Center is offering companies licensing or partnering opportunities in the development of this "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-78--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-78", "Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) for Paints", "environment", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) for treating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in paints. NASAs Kennedy Space Center is offering companies licensing or partnering opportunities in the development of this "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-79", "KSC-TOPS-79", "Cryostat-100", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the Cryostat-100, an absolute heat measurement device for precise thermal performance measurements under actual-use cryogenic-vacuum conditions. It is a liquid nitrogen boiloff calorimeter with upper and lower guard chambers and full vacuum pres"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-79--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-79", "Cryostat-100", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the Cryostat-100, an absolute heat measurement device for precise thermal performance measurements under actual-use cryogenic-vacuum conditions. It is a liquid nitrogen boiloff calorimeter with upper and lower guard chambers and full vacuum pres"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-80", "KSC-TOPS-80", "Self-Healing Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Fatigue endurance is critical for the airworthiness of civilian and military aging aircraft and for long-duration flight and deep space missions. Estimates are that 90% of structure failures are due to fatigue. NASA has developed a new metal matrix composite (MMC) that can repair itself from large f"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-80--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-80", "Self-Healing Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Fatigue endurance is critical for the airworthiness of civilian and military aging aircraft and for long-duration flight and deep space missions. Estimates are that 90% of structure failures are due to fatigue. NASA has developed a new metal matrix composite (MMC) that can repair itself from large f"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-81", "KSC-TOPS-81", "Passive Nutrient Delivery System (PONDS)", "environment", "KSC", "Reliable seed germination and plant production requires an environment that is neither too dry nor too wet. PONDS was developed to improve water and nutrient delivery for plants grown on the International Space Station (ISS). The technology uses an innovative wicking material to passively link a wat"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-81--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-81", "Passive Nutrient Delivery System (PONDS)", "environment", "KSC", "Reliable seed germination and plant production requires an environment that is neither too dry nor too wet. PONDS was developed to improve water and nutrient delivery for plants grown on the International Space Station (ISS). The technology uses an innovative wicking material to passively link a wat"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-82", "KSC-TOPS-82", "Miniaturized Electrospray System", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "Innovators at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center have developed a miniaturized electrospray system that electrostatically charges and delivers liquids to grounded targets. The technology was developed as an alternative to existing options for in-space aeroponic food production applications. Typical"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-82--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-82", "Miniaturized Electrospray System", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "Innovators at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center have developed a miniaturized electrospray system that electrostatically charges and delivers liquids to grounded targets. The technology was developed as an alternative to existing options for in-space aeroponic food production applications. Typical"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-88", "KSC-TOPS-88", "Regolith-Polymer 3D Printing", "manufacturing", "KSC", "The history of construction materials and methods has evolved over time, with Portland cement concrete being the most widely used material on Earth. Constructing habitats and infrastructure on the Moon and Mars, however, requires a different approach given the lack of such conventional construction "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-88--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-88", "Regolith-Polymer 3D Printing", "manufacturing", "KSC", "The history of construction materials and methods has evolved over time, with Portland cement concrete being the most widely used material on Earth. Constructing habitats and infrastructure on the Moon and Mars, however, requires a different approach given the lack of such conventional construction "], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-89", "KSC-TOPS-89", "Lunar Landing Pads", "manufacturing", "KSC", "Lunar landing and launch pads represent critical infrastructure for enabling a sustained presence on the Moon or other planetary bodies. Such a Moon presence would require repeated lunar landings and takeoffs, preferably near an outpost or habitat. In the absence of takeoff and landing pads, such ve"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-89--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-89", "Lunar Landing Pads", "manufacturing", "KSC", "Lunar landing and launch pads represent critical infrastructure for enabling a sustained presence on the Moon or other planetary bodies. Such a Moon presence would require repeated lunar landings and takeoffs, preferably near an outpost or habitat. In the absence of takeoff and landing pads, such ve"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-91", "KSC-TOPS-91", "Optical concentration sensor for liquid solution", "sensors", "KSC", "Innovators at the NASA Kennedy Space Center have developed a new optical sensor for measuring concentration in a liquid solution. The sensor was designed for measuring the pretreat solution concentration within the Universal Waste Management System (UWMS), a specialized toilet designed for the Inter"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-91--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-91", "Optical concentration sensor for liquid solution", "sensors", "KSC", "Innovators at the NASA Kennedy Space Center have developed a new optical sensor for measuring concentration in a liquid solution. The sensor was designed for measuring the pretreat solution concentration within the Universal Waste Management System (UWMS), a specialized toilet designed for the Inter"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-94", "KSC-TOPS-94", "Plasma Processing of Water and Inedible Biomass for pH Control and Nutrient Recycling", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "Researchers at Kennedy Space Center have developed a technology that generates plasma activated water in pH ranges that allow for the addition of nitrates and other nutrients to the water while maintaining a healthy pH for plants. A plasma torch is used to treat inedible biomass, generating ash cont"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-94--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-94", "Plasma Processing of Water and Inedible Biomass for pH Control and Nutrient Recycling", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "Researchers at Kennedy Space Center have developed a technology that generates plasma activated water in pH ranges that allow for the addition of nitrates and other nutrients to the water while maintaining a healthy pH for plants. A plasma torch is used to treat inedible biomass, generating ash cont"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-95", "KSC-TOPS-95", "Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Modules COSM", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center engineers developed a Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Module (COSM) to store oxygen in solid-state form and deliver it as a gas to an end-use environmental control and/or life support system. Additionally, the COSM can scrub out nuisance or containment gases such as carbon dioxide"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-95--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-95", "Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Modules COSM", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center engineers developed a Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Module (COSM) to store oxygen in solid-state form and deliver it as a gas to an end-use environmental control and/or life support system. Additionally, the COSM can scrub out nuisance or containment gases such as carbon dioxide"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-97", "KSC-TOPS-97", "Deployed Electromagnetic Radiation Deflector Shield", "aerospace", "KSC", "Spaceflight outside of the Earth's protective magnetic field is dangerous from a cosmic radiation perspective. Inside Earth's magnetic field, where the manned International Space Station (ISS) orbits, the radiation encountered is minimal and almost all is deflected by our planet's magnetic fields. H"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-97--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-97", "Deployed Electromagnetic Radiation Deflector Shield", "aerospace", "KSC", "Spaceflight outside of the Earth's protective magnetic field is dangerous from a cosmic radiation perspective. Inside Earth's magnetic field, where the manned International Space Station (ISS) orbits, the radiation encountered is minimal and almost all is deflected by our planet's magnetic fields. H"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-99", "KSC-TOPS-99", "Self-Cleaning Coatings for Space or Earth", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Reducing dust accumulation on any surface is key for lunar missions as dust can damage or impair the performance of everything from deployable systems to solar cells on the Moon’s surface. Electrodynamic dust shields (EDSs) are a key method to actively clean surfaces by running high voltages (but lo"], ["patent", "KSC-TOPS-99--KSC-TOPS", "KSC-TOPS-99", "Self-Cleaning Coatings for Space or Earth", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Reducing dust accumulation on any surface is key for lunar missions as dust can damage or impair the performance of everything from deployable systems to solar cells on the Moon’s surface. Electrodynamic dust shields (EDSs) are a key method to actively clean surfaces by running high voltages (but lo"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-106", "LAR-TOPS-106", "Infrasound Sensor Technology", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center scientists have developed a microphone that detects infrasound, i.e., acoustic waves ranging from 20 Hz frequencies down to dc. Infrasound is emitted in a number of hazardous atmospheric phenomena, including aircraft wake vortices, clear air turbulence, and tornadoes. It"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-106--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-106", "Infrasound Sensor Technology", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center scientists have developed a microphone that detects infrasound, i.e., acoustic waves ranging from 20 Hz frequencies down to dc. Infrasound is emitted in a number of hazardous atmospheric phenomena, including aircraft wake vortices, clear air turbulence, and tornadoes. It"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-116", "LAR-TOPS-116", "Electric Field Imaging System", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center's Electric Field Imaging (EFI) system is the only noncontact method capable of quantitatively measuring the magnitude and direction of electrostatic fields in near- and far-field applications. Based on low-cost, commercially available components, the EFI system uses meas"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-116--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-116", "Electric Field Imaging System", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center's Electric Field Imaging (EFI) system is the only noncontact method capable of quantitatively measuring the magnitude and direction of electrostatic fields in near- and far-field applications. Based on low-cost, commercially available components, the EFI system uses meas"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-122", "LAR-TOPS-122", "Multi-layered Self-healing Material System for Impact Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley researchers have developed a multi-layered self-healing material system for impact mitigation from ballistic or hypervelocity events (e.g., micrometeoroids or orbital debris). The system is constructed by sandwiching a reactive liquid monomer formulation between two solid polymer panels"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-122--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-122", "Multi-layered Self-healing Material System for Impact Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley researchers have developed a multi-layered self-healing material system for impact mitigation from ballistic or hypervelocity events (e.g., micrometeoroids or orbital debris). The system is constructed by sandwiching a reactive liquid monomer formulation between two solid polymer panels"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-123", "LAR-TOPS-123", "Optical Head-Mounted Display System for Laser Safety Eyewear", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has created a new system that allows a laser operator to safely view a laser beam while using a high-powered laser. Currently, viewing an otherwise invisible laser beam requires cumbersome equipment such as laser viewing cards and video cameras. This system uses an opt"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-123--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-123", "Optical Head-Mounted Display System for Laser Safety Eyewear", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has created a new system that allows a laser operator to safely view a laser beam while using a high-powered laser. Currently, viewing an otherwise invisible laser beam requires cumbersome equipment such as laser viewing cards and video cameras. This system uses an opt"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-124", "LAR-TOPS-124", "Low-Temperature Oxidation/ Reduction Catalysts", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley researchers, in work spanning more than a decade, have developed a portfolio of technologies for low-temperature gas catalysis. Originally developed to support space-based CO2 lasers, the technology has evolved into an array of performance capabilities and processing approaches, with po"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-124--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-124", "Low-Temperature Oxidation/ Reduction Catalysts", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley researchers, in work spanning more than a decade, have developed a portfolio of technologies for low-temperature gas catalysis. Originally developed to support space-based CO2 lasers, the technology has evolved into an array of performance capabilities and processing approaches, with po"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-128", "LAR-TOPS-128", "Lightning Mitigation and Damage Detection", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a patented SansEC Sensor Technology for use in many different areas, including tall structures and wind turbines. The SansEC technology is a proven wireless sensing platform capable of measuring the electrical impedance of physical matter in proximity to "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-128--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-128", "Lightning Mitigation and Damage Detection", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a patented SansEC Sensor Technology for use in many different areas, including tall structures and wind turbines. The SansEC technology is a proven wireless sensing platform capable of measuring the electrical impedance of physical matter in proximity to "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-129", "LAR-TOPS-129", "Smart Skin for Composite Aircraft", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a sensor technology for structural health monitoring on composite aircraft surfaces. When conventional aircraft are struck by lightning, the result can range from no damage to serious damage that requires extensive repairs that can take the airplane out o"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-129--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-129", "Smart Skin for Composite Aircraft", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a sensor technology for structural health monitoring on composite aircraft surfaces. When conventional aircraft are struck by lightning, the result can range from no damage to serious damage that requires extensive repairs that can take the airplane out o"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-13", "LAR-TOPS-13", "Low Frequency Portable Acoustic Measurement System", "sensors", "LARC", "NASAs Langley Research Center has developed a system to detect and locate atmospheric clear air turbulence (CAT) by means of a ground-based infrasonic array to serve as an early warning system for aircraft. This system could augment existing systems such as pilot reports (PIREPs), airborne lidar, an"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-13--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-13", "Low Frequency Portable Acoustic Measurement System", "sensors", "LARC", "NASAs Langley Research Center has developed a system to detect and locate atmospheric clear air turbulence (CAT) by means of a ground-based infrasonic array to serve as an early warning system for aircraft. This system could augment existing systems such as pilot reports (PIREPs), airborne lidar, an"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-136", "LAR-TOPS-136", "Healable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed carbon fiber reinforced composites with self-healing properties. The initiation and propagation of damage to carbon composites, such as in aircraft structural components, results in component failure. Typical structural repairs result in damaging practices,"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-136--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-136", "Healable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed carbon fiber reinforced composites with self-healing properties. The initiation and propagation of damage to carbon composites, such as in aircraft structural components, results in component failure. Typical structural repairs result in damaging practices,"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-148", "LAR-TOPS-148", "Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR)", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA Langley is developing Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR). TASAR features a cockpit automation system that monitors for potential flight trajectory improvements and displays them to the pilot. These wind-optimized flight trajectory changes are pre-cleared of potential conflicts wit"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-148--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-148", "Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR)", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA Langley is developing Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR). TASAR features a cockpit automation system that monitors for potential flight trajectory improvements and displays them to the pilot. These wind-optimized flight trajectory changes are pre-cleared of potential conflicts wit"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-158", "LAR-TOPS-158", "X-Ray Diffraction Method to Detect Defects in Cubic Semiconductor (100) Wafers", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method of using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect defects in cubic semiconductor (100) wafers. The technology allows non-destructive evaluation of wafer quality in a simple, fast, inexpensive process that can be easily incorporated into an existing fab li"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-158--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-158", "X-Ray Diffraction Method to Detect Defects in Cubic Semiconductor (100) Wafers", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method of using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect defects in cubic semiconductor (100) wafers. The technology allows non-destructive evaluation of wafer quality in a simple, fast, inexpensive process that can be easily incorporated into an existing fab li"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-159", "LAR-TOPS-159", "Integrated Multi-Color Light Emitting Device Made With Hybrid Crystal Structure", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a process methodology for making red, green and blue LED device structures on the same substrate (wafer), which is not possible today using current techniques. Such devices are manufactured individually because of different crystal structures. This innovati"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-159--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-159", "Integrated Multi-Color Light Emitting Device Made With Hybrid Crystal Structure", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a process methodology for making red, green and blue LED device structures on the same substrate (wafer), which is not possible today using current techniques. Such devices are manufactured individually because of different crystal structures. This innovati"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-161", "LAR-TOPS-161", "Double Sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride Hybrid Structures", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a double sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride hybrid structure. This technology uses both sides of a sapphire wafer to build device structures; on one side, making either Si or SiGe devices, and on the other side, making III-nitride device structures (e.g. GaN"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-161--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-161", "Double Sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride Hybrid Structures", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a double sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride hybrid structure. This technology uses both sides of a sapphire wafer to build device structures; on one side, making either Si or SiGe devices, and on the other side, making III-nitride device structures (e.g. GaN"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-165", "LAR-TOPS-165", "Holey Carbon Allotropes", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA have developed new methods to manufacture carbon materials (e.g., nanotubes, graphene) with holes through the graphitic surface of the particles. The methods generate materials with increased accessible surface area, increased functional groups at damage sites, and improved throu"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-165--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-165", "Holey Carbon Allotropes", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA have developed new methods to manufacture carbon materials (e.g., nanotubes, graphene) with holes through the graphitic surface of the particles. The methods generate materials with increased accessible surface area, increased functional groups at damage sites, and improved throu"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-166", "LAR-TOPS-166", "High Mobility Transport Layer Structures for Rhombohedral Si/Ge/SiGe Devices", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "The innovation builds off NASA's IP portfolio for making high-quality crystalline SiGe thin films grown on sapphire substrates. In this case, a distinct layer structure is used to create quantum well structures to provide a very high mobility pathway for both p-type and n-type charge carriers. The p"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-166--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-166", "High Mobility Transport Layer Structures for Rhombohedral Si/Ge/SiGe Devices", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "The innovation builds off NASA's IP portfolio for making high-quality crystalline SiGe thin films grown on sapphire substrates. In this case, a distinct layer structure is used to create quantum well structures to provide a very high mobility pathway for both p-type and n-type charge carriers. The p"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-168", "LAR-TOPS-168", "Super Resolution 3D Flash LIDAR", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed 3-D imaging technologies (Flash LIDAR) for real-time terrain mapping and synthetic vision-based navigation. To take advantage of the information inherent in a sequence of 3-D images acquired at video rates, NASA Langley has also developed an embedded image "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-168--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-168", "Super Resolution 3D Flash LIDAR", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed 3-D imaging technologies (Flash LIDAR) for real-time terrain mapping and synthetic vision-based navigation. To take advantage of the information inherent in a sequence of 3-D images acquired at video rates, NASA Langley has also developed an embedded image "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-175", "LAR-TOPS-175", "Highly Thermal Conductive Polymeric Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method to create highly thermal conductive polymeric composites. Such materials can prove highly valuable in applications that require efficient, light-weight, and flexible thermal management solutions, such as liquid cooled ventilation garments worn by a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-175--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-175", "Highly Thermal Conductive Polymeric Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method to create highly thermal conductive polymeric composites. Such materials can prove highly valuable in applications that require efficient, light-weight, and flexible thermal management solutions, such as liquid cooled ventilation garments worn by a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-182", "LAR-TOPS-182", "Hydrophobic Epoxy Coating for Insect Adhesion Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed fluorinated alkyl ether containing epoxies designed as an anti-insect coating. The robust and durable coating was developed to improve aircraft efficiency, but the coating could be useful in a variety of applications where reduction of insect residue adhere"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-182--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-182", "Hydrophobic Epoxy Coating for Insect Adhesion Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed fluorinated alkyl ether containing epoxies designed as an anti-insect coating. The robust and durable coating was developed to improve aircraft efficiency, but the coating could be useful in a variety of applications where reduction of insect residue adhere"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-183", "LAR-TOPS-183", "Chemical and Topographical Surface Modifications for Insect Adhesion Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center, in collaboration with ATK Space Systems, has developed a method to reduce insect adhesion on metallic substrates, polymeric materials, engineering plastics, and other surfaces. The method topographically modifies a surface using laser ablation patterning followed by che"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-183--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-183", "Chemical and Topographical Surface Modifications for Insect Adhesion Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center, in collaboration with ATK Space Systems, has developed a method to reduce insect adhesion on metallic substrates, polymeric materials , engineering plastics, and other surfaces. The method topographically modifies a surface using laser ablation patterning followed by ch"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-186", "LAR-TOPS-186", "Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystal Multilayer Stacks for Energy Harvesting Transducers (RPSEHT)", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a system to increase the effective piezoelectric constant and the mechanical energy input to energy harvesting transducers. This results in practical performance advantages including higher mechanical-electrical coupling and conversion efficiencies, and mor"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-186--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-186", "Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystal Multilayer Stacks for Energy Harvesting Transducers (RPSEHT)", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a system to increase the effective piezoelectric constant and the mechanical energy input to energy harvesting transducers. This results in practical performance advantages including higher mechanical-electrical coupling and conversion efficiencies, and mor"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-189", "LAR-TOPS-189", "Compact Vibration Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a compact tuned damper to reduce vibration occurring at a fixed frequency. Tuned dampers reduce vibration of the base structure by the dissipation of energy. The magnitude of the dissipated energy is proportional to the square of the displacement or velocit"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-189--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-189", "Compact Vibration Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a compact tuned damper to reduce vibration occurring at a fixed frequency. Tuned dampers reduce vibration of the base structure by the dissipation of energy . The magnitude of the dissipated energy is proportional to the square of the displacement or veloci"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-194", "LAR-TOPS-194", "Electroactive Material for Wound Healing", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "This technology is a device that uses electrical activity to facilitate the wound healing process while protecting the wound. The bandage is made of an electroactive material (pictured above) that is stimulated by the heat of the body and the pressure of cell growth, thus no external power source is"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-194--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-194", "Electroactive Material for Wound Healing", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "This technology is a device that uses electrical activity to facilitate the wound healing process while protecting the wound. The bandage is made of an electroactive material (pictured above) that is stimulated by the heat of the body and the pressure of cell growth, thus no external power source is"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-198", "LAR-TOPS-198", "Composite Joint Connector", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a composite joint connector that is more structurally efficient than joints currently on the market. Traditionally, composite joints can bear heavy loads along their length but tend to fail when stress is applied along multiple axes. This joint is designed "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-198--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-198", "Composite Joint Connector", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a composite joint connector that is more structurally efficient than joints currently on the market. Traditionally, composite joints can bear heavy loads along their length but tend to fail when stress is applied along multiple axes. This joint is designed "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-2", "LAR-TOPS-2", "Highly Aligned Electrospun Fibers and Mats", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has created a modified electrospinning apparatus for spinning highly aligned polymer fibers. Fiber placement, orientation, and porosity are difficult to control using conventional electrospinning apparatus. Conventional electrospinning creates randomly oriented fibers "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-2--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-2", "Highly Aligned Electrospun Fibers and Mats", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has created a modified electrospinning apparatus for spinning highly aligned polymer fibers. Fiber placement, orientation, and porosity are difficult to control using conventional electrospinning apparatus. Conventional electrospinning creates randomly oriented fibers "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-201", "LAR-TOPS-201", "Atomic Number (Z)-Grade Radiation Shields from Fiber Metal Laminates", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a shapeable radiation shield made from fiber metal laminates. The technology was developed based on a need for better performing shielding of sensitive spacecraft electronics. Beyond spacecraft electronics, the invention has uses for radiation protective cl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-201--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-201", "Atomic Number (Z)-Grade Radiation Shields from Fiber Metal Laminates", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a shapeable radiation shield made from fiber metal laminates. The technology was developed based on a need for better performing shielding of sensitive spacecraft electronics. Beyond spacecraft electronics, the invention has uses for radiation protective cl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-212", "LAR-TOPS-212", "Multilayered Fire Protection System", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley has developed a flexible, light weight and portable thermal protection system. The flexible thermal protection systems are multilayer thermal blankets that are designed to handle external temperatures of up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit. Flight tests clearly demonstrate how these new heat "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-212--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-212", "Multilayered Fire Protection System", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley has developed a flexible, light weight and portable thermal protection system. The flexible thermal protection systems are multilayer thermal blankets that are designed to handle external temperatures of up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit. Flight tests clearly demonstrate how these new heat "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-224", "LAR-TOPS-224", "Puncture-healing Engineered Polymer Blends", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA inventors have developed a set of puncture self-healing materials comprised of commercially available, known self-healing polymer resin and additive blends. A range of puncture healing blends was developed by melt blending self-healing polymers with non-self-healing polymeric materials."], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-224--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-224", "Puncture-healing Engineered Polymer Blends", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA inventors have developed a set of puncture self-healing materials comprised of commercially available, known self-healing polymer resin and additive blends. A range of puncture healing blends was developed by melt blending self-healing polymers with non-self-healing polymeric materials."], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-225", "LAR-TOPS-225", "Abnormal Grain Growth Suppression in Aluminum Alloys", "manufacturing", "LARC", "This innovation is a thermal processing methodology for retaining the fine-grained structure in aluminum alloys subjected to solid state welding and subsequent forming processes."], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-225--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-225", "Abnormal Grain Growth Suppression in Aluminum Alloys", "manufacturing", "LARC", "This innovation is a thermal processing methodology for retaining the fine-grained structure in aluminum alloys subjected to solid state welding and subsequent forming processes."], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-227", "LAR-TOPS-227", "Nuclear Thermionic and Thermoelectric Energy System", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cells with Thermoelectric (NTAC-TE) offers direct conversion of energy carried by gamma radiation and beta particles into electricity, as well as direct energy conversion of the heat byproduct without steam driven turbines. This process is considerably more efficient, es"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-227--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-227", "Nuclear Thermionic and Thermoelectric Energy System", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cells with Thermoelectric (NTAC-TE) offers direct conversion of energy carried by gamma radiation and beta particles into electricity, as well as direct energy conversion of the heat byproduct without steam driven turbines. This process is considerably more efficient, es"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-232", "LAR-TOPS-232", "Aerodynamically Actuated Thrust Vectoring Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a thrust-actuating device for a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. The technology is unique because no mechanically driven actuation is required to transition from hover flight to wing born flight. The result is lower empty weight and robust a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-232--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-232", "Aerodynamically Actuated Thrust Vectoring Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a thrust-actuating device for a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. The technology is unique because no mechanically driven actuation is required to transition from hover flight to wing born flight. The result is lower empty weight and robust a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-233", "LAR-TOPS-233", "Novel Copolyimide Surface Modifying Coating", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a coating material made of a novel copolyimide containing surface modifying agents that is designed to prevent the accumulation of insect residue on aircraft wings. These residues have the potential to significantly disrupt laminar air flow over the wings"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-241", "LAR-TOPS-241", "VTOL UAV With the Cruise Efficiency of a Conventional Fixed Wing UAV", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed Greased Lightning, the first UAV that combines vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capability with long endurance flight. Previously these two capabilities have been considered mutually exclusive. For example, helicopters offer VTOL capability, yet are ine"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-241--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-241", "VTOL UAV With the Cruise Efficiency of a Conventional Fixed Wing UAV", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed Greased Lightning, the first UAV that combines vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capability with long endurance flight. Previously these two capabilities have been considered mutually exclusive. For example, helicopters offer VTOL capability, yet are ine"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-243", "LAR-TOPS-243", "Safe2Ditch Technology", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Highly capable small UAVs provide substantial business opportunity, especially if allowed to operate in the suburban market. Reliability issues force the use of a safety pilot for each vehicle in operation, which is cost-prohibitive for large scale commercial applications and limits the use of these"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-243--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-243", "Safe2Ditch Technology", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Highly capable small UAVs provide substantial business opportunity, especially if allowed to operate in the suburban market. Reliability issues force the use of a safety pilot for each vehicle in operation, which is cost-prohibitive for large scale commercial applications and limits the use of these"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-244", "LAR-TOPS-244", "Reliable Geo-Limitation Algorithm for Unmanned Aircraft", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a an assured safety net technology for UAS, Safeguard, that can alleviate hazards with unmanned aircraft (UA) flying beyond their authorized perimeters and into no-fly zones. Safeguard works by continuously detecting a UAs proximity to virtual perimeters es"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-244--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-244", "Reliable Geo-Limitation Algorithm for Unmanned Aircraft", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a an assured safety net technology for UAS, Safeguard, that can alleviate hazards with unmanned aircraft (UA) flying beyond their authorized perimeters and into no-fly zones. Safeguard works by continuously detecting a UAs proximity to virtual perimeters es"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-247", "LAR-TOPS-247", "Large Area Structural Damage Nondestructive Evaluation", "sensors", "LARC", "When testing composite structures, it is important to understand the response of the structure to the load. Of significance is the formation of damage and growth of that damage leading to ultimate failure. Understanding how a structure fails allows for optimal designs for improved safety and perform"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-247--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-247", "Large Area Structural Damage Nondestructive Evaluation", "sensors", "LARC", "When testing composite structures, it is important to understand the response of the structure to the load. Of significance is the formation of damage and growth of that damage leading to ultimate failure. Understanding how a structure fails allows for optimal designs for improved safety and perform"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-248", "LAR-TOPS-248", "Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Measurement", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "An acknowledged objective of critical care medicine is a timely, accurate, readily deployable, cost-effective and, importantly, safe means of assessing and/or monitoring critical aspects/parameters of patient condition such as intracranial pressure. However, ICP monitoring is complicated by a large "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-248--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-248", "Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Measurement", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "An acknowledged objective of critical care medicine is a timely, accurate, readily deployable, cost-effective and, importantly, safe means of assessing and/or monitoring critical aspects/parameters of patient condition such as intracranial pressure. However, ICP monitoring is complicated by a large "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-249", "LAR-TOPS-249", "Blocking/Deblocking Resin Systems", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Similar to resin systems currently used in composites for aerospace structural applications such as toughened epoxies, this innovation is a modification to traditional resin chemistry to prevent polymerization and crosslinking of the resin when heated and pressed in an autoclave or other common resi"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-249--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-249", "Blocking/Deblocking Resin Systems", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Similar to resin systems currently used in composites for aerospace structural applications such as toughened epoxies, this innovation is a modification to traditional resin chemistry to prevent polymerization and crosslinking of the resin when heated and pressed in an autoclave or other common resi"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-250", "LAR-TOPS-250", "Novel Radiation Shielding Material for Dramatically Extending the Orbit Life of Cubesats", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "The NASA Langley Research Center has developed an innovative radiation shield made by layering metal materials in the Z-shielding method. It is a new, low cost and easy to implement method to protect CubeSat electronic circuits from ionizing radiation found in Low Earth Orbits. It is estimated that "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-250--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-250", "Novel Radiation Shielding Material for Dramatically Extending the Orbit Life of Cubesats", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "The NASA Langley Research Center has developed an innovative radiation shield made by layering metal materials in the Z-shielding method. It is a new, low cost and easy to implement method to protect CubeSat electronic circuits from ionizing radiation found in Low Earth Orbits. It is estimated that "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-252", "LAR-TOPS-252", "Free-Form Fabrication Using Electrically Conductive Filaments", "manufacturing", "LARC", "The use of multifunctional composites such as mechanically reinforced, electrically and thermally conductive parts is of interest in a range of application areas. Especially interesting and important is where tailorability of function is achieved by strategic placement of materials with unique funct"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-252--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-252", "Free-Form Fabrication Using Electrically Conductive Filaments", "manufacturing", "LARC", "The use of multifunctional composites such as mechanically reinforced, electrically and thermally conductive parts is of interest in a range of application areas. Especially interesting and important is where tailorability of function is achieved by strategic placement of materials with unique funct"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-260", "LAR-TOPS-260", "Single Crystal SiGe/Sapphire Epitaxy", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new, low temperature method of SiGe/sapphire growth that produces the same single crystal films with much less thermal loading effort to the substrate. This eliminates the time-consuming and costly high heating, long thermal soak times, and interfacial "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-260--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-260", "Single Crystal SiGe/Sapphire Epitaxy", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new, low temperature method of SiGe/sapphire growth that produces the same single crystal films with much less thermal loading effort to the substrate. This eliminates the time-consuming and costly high heating, long thermal soak times, and interfacial "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-262", "LAR-TOPS-262", "Delamination and Porosity in Composites and Adhesives Using Solid and Particulate Powdered Aerogel", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a method that introduces solids and particulates, specifically aerogels, into composites or adhesives while they are being constructed. These additives survive as the structure is cured to serve as a test bed and standard. Once cured, the solid or particu"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-262--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-262", "Delamination and Porosity in Composites and Adhesives Using Solid and Particulate Powdered Aerogel", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a method that introduces solids and particulates, specifically aerogels, into composites or adhesives while they are being constructed. These additives survive as the structure is cured to serve as a test bed and standard. Once cured, the solid or particu"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-265", "LAR-TOPS-265", "In-situ Characterization and Inspection of Additive Manufacturing Deposits using Transient Infrared Thermography", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a much more reliable non-destructive evaluation method based on infrared thermography. The method provides transient temperature profiles of the surface, including the melt pool, at each step/layer. This system can measure material propertie"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-265--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-265", "In-situ Characterization and Inspection of Additive Manufacturing Deposits using Transient Infrared Thermography", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a much more reliable non-destructive evaluation method based on infrared thermography. The method provides transient temperature profiles of the surface, including the melt pool, at each step/layer. This system can measure material propertie"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-268", "LAR-TOPS-268", "SHEAth-based Rollable LEnticular-Shaped and Low-Stiction (SHEARLESS) Composite Booms", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed the SHEARLESS composite boom with a final cross-section shape that is lenticular and is flexible enough to allow elastic flattening and subsequent coiling around a cylindrical reel / drum. The torsional stiffness of the structure is also greatly increased"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-268--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-268", "SHEAth-based Rollable LEnticular-Shaped and Low-Stiction (SHEARLESS) Composite Booms", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed the SHEARLESS composite boom with a final cross-section shape that is lenticular and is flexible enough to allow elastic flattening and subsequent coiling around a cylindrical reel / drum. The torsional stiffness of the structure is also greatly increased"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-271", "LAR-TOPS-271", "Automated Guided Wave System for In-process Cure Monitoring of CFRP Composite Laminates", "instrumentation", "LARC", "In the polymer composites industry, cure cycles are typically developed from a trial and error or a more effective processing science approach to reduce the final porosity level in the composite laminate. Using an automated system, high-temperature piezoelectric transducers were utilized to interrog"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-271--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-271", "Automated Guided Wave System for In-process Cure Monitoring of CFRP Composite Laminates", "instrumentation", "LARC", "In the polymer composites industry, cure cycles are typically developed from a trial and error or a more effective processing science approach to reduce the final porosity level in the composite laminate. Using an automated system , high-temperature piezoelectric transducers were utilized to interro"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-272", "LAR-TOPS-272", "Synthesis and Development of Polyurethane Coatings Containing Fluorine Groups for Adhesive Applications", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Accumulation of insect strikes on the leading edge of airplane wings is a more serious problem than one might realize. Depending on the magnitude, such accumulation changes the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing causing a change from laminar to turbulent flow and resulting in decreased lift and"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-272--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-272", "Synthesis and Development of Polyurethane Coatings Containing Fluorine Groups for Adhesive Applications", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Accumulation of insect strikes on the leading edge of airplane wings is a more serious problem than one might realize. Depending on the magnitude, such accumulation changes the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing causing a change from laminar to turbulent flow and resulting in decreased lift and"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-276", "LAR-TOPS-276", "System for Incorporating Physiological Self-Regulation Challenge into Parcourse/Orienteering Type Games and Simulations", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "NASA Langley engineers have created a software tool that operates on a smartphone and incorporates functions of physiological self-regulation or biofeedback with other gaming, training or simulation activities such as orienteering, parcourse training. The central distinguishing characteristic is the"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-276--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-276", "System for Incorporating Physiological Self-Regulation Challenge into Parcourse/Orienteering Type Games and Simulations", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "NASA Langley engineers have created a software tool that operates on a smartphone and incorporates functions of physiological self-regulation or biofeedback with other gaming, training or simulation activities such as orienteering, parcourse training. The central distinguishing characteristic is the"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-278", "LAR-TOPS-278", "Full Spectrum Infrasonic Stethoscope for Screening Heart, Carotid Artery, and Lung Related Diseases", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed an infrasonic stethoscope that detects a broader range of physiological conditions than conventional stethoscope, use of which has declined mainly due to availability of other advance technologies such as the echocardiogram. The echocardiograms can be compl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-278--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-278", "Full Spectrum Infrasonic Stethoscope for Screening Heart, Carotid Artery, and Lung Related Diseases", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed an infrasonic stethoscope that detects a broader range of physiological conditions than conventional stethoscope, use of which has declined mainly due to availability of other advance technologies such as the echocardiogram. The echocardiograms can be compl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-280", "LAR-TOPS-280", "Standoff Ultra-Compact Micro-Raman Sensor", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Traditional micro-Raman systems are capable of performing fine-scale mineralogy; but these are used for in situ analysis. Most of the micro-Raman systems are designed and implemented for dark room operation. Such Raman systems: (1) require sample collection and (2) require shielding of daylight back"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-280--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-280", "Standoff Ultra-Compact Micro-Raman Sensor", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Traditional micro-Raman systems are capable of performing fine-scale mineralogy; but these are used for in situ analysis. Most of the micro-Raman systems are designed and implemented for dark room operation. Such Raman systems: (1) require sample collection and (2) require shielding of daylight back"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-281", "LAR-TOPS-281", "High Altitude UAV for Monitoring Meteorological Parameters", "sensors", "LARC", "Acoustical studies of atmospheric events like convective storms, tornadoes, shear-induced turbulence, microbursts, acoustic gravity waves and hurricanes over the last fifty years have established that these events are strong emitters of infrasound. Current methods to forecast near term weather pheno"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-281--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-281", "High Altitude UAV for Monitoring Meteorological Parameters", "sensors", "LARC", "Acoustical studies of atmospheric events like convective storms, tornadoes, shear-induced turbulence, microbursts, acoustic gravity waves and hurricanes over the last fifty years have established that these events are strong emitters of infrasound. Current methods to forecast near term weather pheno"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-282", "LAR-TOPS-282", "Device for Providing Real-Time Rotorcraft Noise Abatement Information", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Rotorcraft typically operate near the ground throughout the duration of the operation. For this reason, military rotorcraft are vulnerable to acoustic detection and public acceptance of civil rotorcraft is limited by annoyance caused by rotor noise radiation. The purpose of this device is to inform "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-282--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-282", "Device for Providing Real-Time Rotorcraft Noise Abatement Information", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Rotorcraft typically operate near the ground throughout the duration of the operation. For this reason, military rotorcraft are vulnerable to acoustic detection and public acceptance of civil rotorcraft is limited by annoyance caused by rotor noise radiation. The purpose of this device is to inform "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-283", "LAR-TOPS-283", "Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft with Vectored Thrust for Control and Continuously Variable Pitch Attitude in Hover", "aerospace", "LARC", "Most fixed wing VTOL UAVs takeoff vertically, then transition to horizontal flight. This is new type of UAV which has unique capability. It can vary its hover position from \"nose up\" (tailsitter) to \"nose forward\" (non-tailsitter) incrementally and continuously, and even hold a position at any angle"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-283--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-283", "Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft with Vectored Thrust for Control and Continuously Variable Pitch Attitude in Hover", "aerospace", "LARC", "Most fixed wing VTOL UAVs takeoff vertically, then transition to horizontal flight. This is new type of UAV which has unique capability. It can vary its hover position from \"nose up\" (tailsitter) to \"nose forward\" (non-tailsitter) incrementally and continuously, and even hold a position at any angle"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-289", "LAR-TOPS-289", "Apparatus and Method for Biofeedback Training", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "The technology combines virtual reality (VR) with a real environment. The VR provides sensory feedback. If performance is not optimal, the environment is disruptive. If optimal, the environment is stable / normal. The system is to provide feedback to train for self-regulation (e.g. relax on command)"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-289--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-289", "Apparatus and Method for Biofeedback Training", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "The technology combines virtual reality (VR) with a real environment . The VR provides sensory feedback. If performance is not optimal, the environment is disruptive. If optimal, the environment is stable / normal. The system is to provide feedback to train for self-regulation (e.g. relax on command"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-290", "LAR-TOPS-290", "Self-Tuning Compact Vibration Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a compact self-tuning damper to reduce vibration occurring at a fixed frequency. Tuned dampers reduce vibration of the base structure by the dissipation of energy. The magnitude of the dissipated energy is proportional to the range of motion. The NASA dampe"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-290--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-290", "Self-Tuning Compact Vibration Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a compact self-tuning damper to reduce vibration occurring at a fixed frequency. Tuned dampers reduce vibration of the base structure by the dissipation of energy . The magnitude of the dissipated energy is proportional to the range of motion. The NASA damp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-292", "LAR-TOPS-292", "Conductive Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Structural Materials and Methods for Making Same", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Scientists at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a composite material that demonstrates improved mechanical properties, approaching those of conventional carbon fiber composites, and possesses relatively high electrical conductivity. Starting with carbon nanotube paper, tape or yarn, the CN"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-292--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-292", "Conductive Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Structural Materials and Methods for Making Same", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Scientists at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a composite material that demonstrates improved mechanical properties, approaching those of conventional carbon fiber composites, and possesses relatively high electrical conductivity. Starting with carbon nanotube paper, tape or yarn, the CN"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-293", "LAR-TOPS-293", "Small Compound-Wing VTOL UAS", "aerospace", "LARC", "Typically small UAS, because of their light weight and small size, have difficulty flying in adverse environmental conditions, especially gusty winds. In some cases, small UAS such as multi-copters can handle somewhat higher gust conditions, but have limited endurance. Fixed-wing configurations have"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-293--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-293", "Small Compound-Wing VTOL UAS", "aerospace", "LARC", "Typically small UAS, because of their light weight and small size, have difficulty flying in adverse environmental conditions, especially gusty winds. In some cases, small UAS such as multi-copters can handle somewhat higher gust conditions, but have limited endurance. Fixed-wing configurations have"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-294", "LAR-TOPS-294", "Portable Compact Thermionic Power Cell", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Ideal power sources for portable equipment ideally should be small, compact, lightweight, and provide continuous power with high power density. Batteries meet all but the continuous power requirement. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) meet the continuous power condition but none of the ot"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-294--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-294", "Portable Compact Thermionic Power Cell", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Ideal power sources for portable equipment ideally should be small, compact, lightweight, and provide continuous power with high power density. Batteries meet all but the continuous power requirement. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) meet the continuous power condition but none of the ot"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-296", "LAR-TOPS-296", "Location Corrections Through Differential Networks System", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "In recent years, the development and use of internet enabled mobile devices with built in GPS receivers (e.g. cell phones, tablet computers) have seen substantial increases. Correspondingly, the quantity and variety of applications using the GPS capabilities of these devices have also increased. How"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-296--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-296", "Location Corrections Through Differential Networks System", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "In recent years, the development and use of internet enabled mobile devices with built in GPS receivers (e.g. cell phones, tablet computers) have seen substantial increases. Correspondingly, the quantity and variety of applications using the GPS capabilities of these devices have also increased. How"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-301", "LAR-TOPS-301", "Multivariate Monitoring for Human Operator and Machine Teaming", "sensors", "LARC", "Researchers and expert operators may be familiar with the concept of trust in automation, but how would advance automation make decisions regarding control without establishing trust in the operator? Vehicles outfitted with sensors and systems that can operate with varying degrees of autonomy are be"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-301--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-301", "Multivariate Monitoring for Human Operator and Machine Teaming", "sensors", "LARC", "Researchers and expert operators may be familiar with the concept of trust in automation, but how would advance automation make decisions regarding control without establishing trust in the operator? Vehicles outfitted with sensors and systems that can operate with varying degrees of autonomy are be"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-302", "LAR-TOPS-302", "Holey Graphene Mesh from Solvent-Free Manufacturing and Composites Thereof", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Solvent-free methods were developed to create arrays of holes with lateral dimensions of 10 micrometers and above on holey graphene-based articles from dry compression (such as films, discs, pellets) to form holey graphene mesh (HGM). HGM is enabled by the uniqueness in the dry compressibility of ho"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-302--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-302", "Holey Graphene Mesh from Solvent-Free Manufacturing and Composites Thereof", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Solvent-free methods were developed to create arrays of holes with lateral dimensions of 10 micrometers and above on holey graphene-based articles from dry compression (such as films, discs, pellets) to form holey graphene mesh (HGM). HGM is enabled by the uniqueness in the dry compressibility of ho"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-304", "LAR-TOPS-304", "Simplified Complimentary Metal-oxide-semiconductor Manufacturing Technique", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Current microfabrication methods are well established for processing of Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and only get more complex with each iteration. This is especially true with 3D transistors that require very selective placement and selective removal of materials required"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-304--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-304", "Simplified Complimentary Metal-oxide-semiconductor Manufacturing Technique", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Current microfabrication methods are well established for processing of Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and only get more complex with each iteration. This is especially true with 3D transistors that require very selective placement and selective removal of materials required"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-305", "LAR-TOPS-305", "Adaptive Algorithm and Software for Recognition of Ground-based, Airborne, Underground, and Underwater Low Frequency Events", "information technology and software", "LARC", "The innovative approach is to exploit modern signal processing methods. i.e. adaptive filtering, where the computer is trained on-line to recognize features of the low frequency events (on the ground, in air, underground, and underwater) to be detected. Modern instrument development techniques and c"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-305--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-305", "Adaptive Algorithm and Software for Recognition of Ground-based, Airborne, Underground, and Underwater Low Frequency Events", "information technology and software", "LARC", "The innovative approach is to exploit modern signal processing methods. i.e. adaptive filtering, where the computer is trained on-line to recognize features of the low frequency events (on the ground, in air, underground, and underwater) to be detected. Modern instrument development techniques and c"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-307", "LAR-TOPS-307", "Powerline Geolocation", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "The technology leverages the electrical conductors employed in power transmission for signal transmission for geolocation. Unmanned aerial vehicles have the capability to inspect high-voltage conductors and associated structures from points of view that are not available to ground-based or helicopte"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-307--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-307", "Powerline Geolocation", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "The technology leverages the electrical conductors employed in power transmission for signal transmission for geolocation. Unmanned aerial vehicles have the capability to inspect high-voltage conductors and associated structures from points of view that are not available to ground-based or helicopte"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-310", "LAR-TOPS-310", "Metallic Junction Thermoelectric (MJTE) Generator", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new concept thermoelectric (TE) principle based on thin-film metal-metal junctions. This approach substantially increases the TE efficiency and power density. When two metals with different vacancy states selected for the greatest possible disparity are"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-311", "LAR-TOPS-311", "Supersonic Laminar Flow Control", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a technology that is projected to extend the laminar flow area over supersonic flight configurations by delaying the transition of boundary layer flow from laminar to turbulent state. This controls laminar flow over airframe components including wings, em"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-311--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-311", "Supersonic Laminar Flow Control", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a technology that is projected to extend the laminar flow area over supersonic flight configurations by delaying the transition of boundary layer flow from laminar to turbulent state. This controls laminar flow over airframe components including wings, em"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-314", "LAR-TOPS-314", "Low, Drag, Variable-Depth Acoustic Liner", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "A low-drag, variable-depth acoustic liner has been designed for aircraft noise reduction. The technology can be used as a conventional engine nacelle liner, or on the external surfaces of an aircraft to reduce acoustic scattering. As compared with conventional liners, the technology provides increas"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-314--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-314", "Low, Drag, Variable-Depth Acoustic Liner", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "A low-drag, variable-depth acoustic liner has been designed for aircraft noise reduction. The technology can be used as a conventional engine nacelle liner, or on the external surfaces of an aircraft to reduce acoustic scattering. As compared with conventional liners, the technology provides increas"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-315", "LAR-TOPS-315", "Remote, Noninvasive, Cardiac Activity Tracer (RENCAT)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a novel laser vibrometer sensor for monitoring cardiac activities remotely and non-invasively, specifically heart functions of valve/chamber opening and closing cycles (cardiac cycles). The device provides precise magnitude and timing information, noninvasi"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-315--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-315", "Remote, Noninvasive, Cardiac Activity Tracer (RENCAT)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a novel laser vibrometer sensor for monitoring cardiac activities remotely and non-invasively, specifically heart functions of valve/chamber opening and closing cycles (cardiac cycles). The device provides precise magnitude and timing information, noninvasi"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-320", "LAR-TOPS-320", "Single Crystal Semiconductor Silicon-Germanium (SiGe)", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "With 4x faster carrier mobility and less energy loss than single crystal silicone, single crystal SiGe offers increased processing power and decreased size, and power demands for a unit of the same size. These capabilities exceed current market options for semiconductors. In solar cell applications,"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-321", "LAR-TOPS-321", "Extreme Low Frequency Hydrophone", "sensors", "LARC", "The Extreme low frequency infrasonic hydrophone, with the associated software, is capable of sensing down to .0001 Hz, a 4.999 Hz improvement from current similar systems. This ultra-low power consuming hydrophone also isolates and removes significant amounts of background noise, inherent to the ele"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-321--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-321", "Extreme Low Frequency Hydrophone", "sensors", "LARC", "The Extreme low frequency infrasonic hydrophone, with the associated software, is capable of sensing down to .0001 Hz, a 4.999 Hz improvement from current similar systems. This ultra-low power consuming hydrophone also isolates and removes significant amounts of background noise, inherent to the ele"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-323", "LAR-TOPS-323", "LIDAR System Noise Reduction", "optics", "LARC", "In order to overcome significant noise from solar background and backscatter this LIDAR system utilizes a laser light source that is azimuthally polarized or has Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). A photon sieve is used to produce a ring pattern on the focal plane corresponding from the light of the re"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-323--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-323", "LIDAR System Noise Reduction", "optics", "LARC", "In order to overcome significant noise from solar background and backscatter this LIDAR system utilizes a laser light source that is azimuthally polarized or has Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). A photon sieve is used to produce a ring pattern on the focal plane corresponding from the light of the re"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-327", "LAR-TOPS-327", "System for In-situ Defect Detection in Composites During Cure", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center, in collaboration with Analytical Mechanics Associates, have developed an automated ultrasonic scanning system for in-situ cure monitoring and defect detection of composites in an autoclave or an oven. This non-destructive evaluation system is based on "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-327--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-327", "System for In-situ Defect Detection in Composites During Cure", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center, in collaboration with Analytical Mechanics Associates, have developed an automated ultrasonic scanning system for in-situ cure monitoring and defect detection of composites in an autoclave or an oven. This non-destructive evaluation system is based on "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-328", "LAR-TOPS-328", "Deployable Composite Boom", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "A sister to SHEARLESS booms, the Bistable Collapsible Tubular Mast (Bi-CTM) boom, offers compact storage on a cylindrical drum that deploys a composite material boom with a closed tubular cross section that has unmatched bending and torsional stiffness for the mass of the thin-shell structure. The B"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-328--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-328", "Deployable Composite Boom", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "A sister to SHEARLESS booms, the Bistable Collapsible Tubular Mast (Bi-CTM) boom, offers compact storage on a cylindrical drum that deploys a composite material boom with a closed tubular cross section that has unmatched bending and torsional stiffness for the mass of the thin-shell structure. The B"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-33", "LAR-TOPS-33", "Low Weight Flight Controller Design", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new sensing and control system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that allows for semi-autonomous flight. With this technology, pilots need not leave the ground to conduct routine monitoring and surveillance quickly and cost-effectively. Such systems a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-33--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-33", "Low Weight Flight Controller Design", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new sensing and control system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that allows for semi-autonomous flight. With this technology, pilots need not leave the ground to conduct routine monitoring and surveillance quickly and cost-effectively. Such systems a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-335", "LAR-TOPS-335", "Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed the Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC), a novel electrical generator which transforms nuclear gamma-ray photon energy directly to electric power by liberating intra-band atomic inner shell electrons. The invention"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-335--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-335", "Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed the Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC), a novel electrical generator which transforms nuclear gamma-ray photon energy directly to electric power by liberating intra-band atomic inner shell electrons. The invention"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-337", "LAR-TOPS-337", "Recyclable Feedstocks for Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a manufacturing technique to generate recyclable feedstocks for on-demand additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is a rapidly advancing art with significant recent improvements in starting materials. One common limitation has been"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-337--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-337", "Recyclable Feedstocks for Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a manufacturing technique to generate recyclable feedstocks for on-demand additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is a rapidly advancing art with significant recent improvements in starting materials. One common limitation has been"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-338", "LAR-TOPS-338", "Fixed Wing Angle eVTOL", "aerospace", "LARC", "Current electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL) configurations for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) applications often require performance-hindering equipment only used for a specific operation (e.g., takeoff or cruising). The need for such equipment, such as separate lift and thrust mechanis"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-338--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-338", "Fixed Wing Angle eVTOL", "aerospace", "LARC", "Current electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL) configurations for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) applications often require performance-hindering equipment only used for a specific operation (e.g., takeoff or cruising). The need for such equipment, such as separate lift and thrust mechanis"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-339", "LAR-TOPS-339", "Calibration System for Automated Fiber Placement", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at NASA's Langley Research Center have developed a Calibration System for Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machines. AFP is a modern composites-manufacturing method offering speed, repeatability, and waste-minimization benefits over traditional layup techniques. Used to make aerospace part"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-339--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-339", "Calibration System for Automated Fiber Placement", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at NASA's Langley Research Center have developed a Calibration System for Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machines. AFP is a modern composites-manufacturing method offering speed, repeatability, and waste-minimization benefits over traditional layup techniques. Used to make aerospace part"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-340", "LAR-TOPS-340", "Active Flow Control System for Simple-hinged Flaps", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Conventional high-lift systems allow transport aircraft to safely operate at low speeds for landing and takeoff. These high-lift devices, such as Fowler flaps, are complex, heavy, and have high part counts. Fowler flap mechanisms also protrude externally under the wings, requiring external fairings,"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-340--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-340", "Active Flow Control System for Simple-hinged Flaps", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Conventional high-lift systems allow transport aircraft to safely operate at low speeds for landing and takeoff. These high-lift devices, such as Fowler flaps, are complex, heavy, and have high part counts. Fowler flap mechanisms also protrude externally under the wings, requiring external fairings,"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-341", "LAR-TOPS-341", "COROTUB Corrugated Rollable Tubular Boom", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Deployable booms will enable the next generation of highly-functional satellites—hoisting the added solar panels and antennas that provide power, propulsion, and stronger communication capabilities to extend satellite life and enable travel further from earth. NASA’s new COROTUB boom is flattened, r"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-342", "LAR-TOPS-342", "Automated Tow/Tape Placement System", "manufacturing", "LARC", "In recent years, industry adoption of thermoplastic composites (TPCs) in lieu of thermosets and metallic structures has increased for the fabrication of air and launch vehicle components. Manufacturing of TPCs, performed via automated tape laying (ATL) and automated fiber placement (AFP), uses machi"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-342--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-342", "Automated Tow/Tape Placement System", "manufacturing", "LARC", "In recent years, industry adoption of thermoplastic composites (TPCs) in lieu of thermosets and metallic structures has increased for the fabrication of air and launch vehicle components. Manufacturing of TPCs, performed via automated tape laying (ATL) and automated fiber placement (AFP), uses machi"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-343", "LAR-TOPS-343", "Improved Fixed-Wing Gust Load Alleviation Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "Gust load alleviation is an increasing concern for the design of fixed-wing aircraft with ultra-high aspect wings. Innovators at NASAs Langley Research Center developed a mechanical solution to control gust-load on fixed plane wings. By manipulating the wings natural response to gust loads, the tech"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-343--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-343", "Improved Fixed-Wing Gust Load Alleviation Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "Gust load alleviation is an increasing concern for the design of fixed-wing aircraft with ultra-high aspect wings. Innovators at NASA’s Langley Research Center developed a mechanical solution to control gust-load on fixed plane wings. By manipulating the wing’s natural response to gust loads, the te"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-344", "LAR-TOPS-344", "Flow-through Transducer for Wind Tunnel Analysis", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Existing integral flow-through balances have been limited to five-component force and moment measurements (Normal and Side force; Pitch, Yaw, and Rolling moment) – excluding a 6th desired force measurement: Axial force. To enable key aeroscience R&D applications, NASA’s Langley Research Center has d"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-344--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-344", "Flow-through Transducer for Wind Tunnel Analysis", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Existing integral flow-through balances have been limited to five-component force and moment measurements (Normal and Side force; Pitch, Yaw, and Rolling moment) – excluding a 6th desired force measurement: Axial force. To enable key aeroscience R&D applications, NASA’s Langley Research Center has d"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-345", "LAR-TOPS-345", "Assemblers", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "In-space and planetary surface assembly for human exploration is a challenging domain that encompasses various technological thrusts to support human missions. NASA is developing autonomous assembly agents to build structures like habitats and antennae on the Moon. These modular and reconfigurable A"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-345--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-345", "Assemblers", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "In-space and planetary surface assembly for human exploration is a challenging domain that encompasses various technological thrusts to support human missions. NASA is developing autonomous assembly agents to build structures like habitats and antennae on the Moon. These modular and reconfigurable A"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-346", "LAR-TOPS-346", "Beam Crossing Optical System", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a Beam Crossing Optical System for use in two-point Focused Laser Differential Interferometers (FLDI) that are used in measuring density disturbances in hypersonic flows. Conventional single point FLDI systems only measure how flow fluctuates. In contrast"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-346--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-346", "Beam Crossing Optical System", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a Beam Crossing Optical System for use in two-point Focused Laser Differential Interferometers (FLDI) that are used in measuring density disturbances in hypersonic flows. Conventional single point FLDI systems only measure how flow fluctuates. In contrast"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-347", "LAR-TOPS-347", "Reflection-Reducing Imaging System for Machine Vision Applications", "optics", "LARC", "NASA researchers have developed a compact, cost-effective imaging system using a co-linear, high-intensity LED illumination unit to minimize window reflections for background-oriented schlieren (BOS) and machine vision measurements. The imaging system – tested in NASA wind tunnels – can reduce or el"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-347--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-347", "Reflection-Reducing Imaging System for Machine Vision Applications", "optics", "LARC", "NASA researchers have developed a compact, cost-effective imaging system using a co-linear, high-intensity LED illumination unit to minimize window reflections for background-oriented schlieren (BOS) and machine vision measurements. The imaging system – tested in NASA wind tunnels – can reduce or el"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-348", "LAR-TOPS-348", "Assembly for Simplified Hi-Res Flow Visualization", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Researchers at NASAs Langley Research Center have developed a simple, compact, easy-to-use projection focusing schlieren imaging system optical assembly that leverages a light source, a single physical grid element, and polarization optics to enable hi-res flow visualization. The assembly can simply"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-348--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-348", "Assembly for Simplified Hi-Res Flow Visualization", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have developed a simple, compact, easy-to-use projection focusing schlieren imaging system optical assembly that leverages a light source, a single physical grid element, and polarization optics to enable hi-res flow visualization. The assembly can simpl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-349", "LAR-TOPS-349", "Digital Projection Focusing Schlieren System", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Typically, multiple imaging systems are required to collect focusing schlieren and other image-based measurement data. Additionally, conventional focusing schlieren imaging systems are only sensitive to a single density gradient. Researchers at NASA's Langley Research Center have developed a compact"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-349--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-349", "Digital Projection Focusing Schlieren System", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Typically, multiple imaging systems are required to collect focusing schlieren and other image-based measurement data. Additionally, conventional focusing schlieren imaging systems are only sensitive to a single density gradient. Researchers at NASA's Langley Research Center have developed a compact"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-350", "LAR-TOPS-350", "High Atomic Number Coatings for Fabrics", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed an innovation to promote the adhesion and improve the durability of high atomic number metal coatings on oxygen- or hydroxyl-rich surfaces. This new approach is useful for building radiation shields via the Z-grading method, the process of layering metal ma"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-350--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-350", "High Atomic Number Coatings for Fabrics", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed an innovation to promote the adhesion and improve the durability of high atomic number metal coatings on oxygen- or hydroxyl-rich surfaces. This new approach is useful for building radiation shields via the Z-grading method, the process of layering metal ma"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-351", "LAR-TOPS-351", "More Reliable Doppler Lidar for Autonomous Navigation", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA pioneered Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL) for precision navigation and executing well-controlled landings on surfaces like the moon. This advanced lidar system utilizes Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) technique with homodyne detection to simultaneously determine distance to targets an"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-352", "LAR-TOPS-352", "Improved Efficiency in Nuclear Propulsion", "propulsion", "LARC", "Innovators at Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed a design and method to improve efficiency in nuclear propulsion technology for long-distance space missions. The nuclear thermionic avalanche cell (NTAC) Augmented Nuclear Electric Propulsion and/or Nuclear Thermal Propulsion design surroun"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-352--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-352", "Improved Efficiency in Nuclear Propulsion", "propulsion", "LARC", "Innovators at Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed a design and method to improve efficiency in nuclear propulsion technology for long-distance space missions. The nuclear thermionic avalanche cell (NTAC) Augmented Nuclear Electric Propulsion and/or Nuclear Thermal Propulsion design surroun"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-353", "LAR-TOPS-353", "New Coatings Reduce Impact Ice Adhesion Strength", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Aircraft icing is a serious problem. Wintry conditions on the ground and glaze, rime and mixed icing conditions aloft can cause ice buildup on aircraft wings increasing weight, creating drag, and causing loss of lift —conditions that compromise performance and safety. For commercial aircraft, active"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-353--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-353", "New Coatings Reduce Impact Ice Adhesion Strength", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Aircraft icing is a serious problem. Wintry conditions on the ground and glaze, rime and mixed icing conditions aloft can cause ice buildup on aircraft wings increasing weight, creating drag, and causing loss of lift —conditions that compromise performance and safety. For commercial aircraft, active"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-354", "LAR-TOPS-354", "Flexible Lightweight Radiation Shielding", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Lead-filled aprons are currently used for atomic number (Z)-grade radiation shielding in the medical industry to protect personnel from hazardous gamma radiation. These apron garments are made with lead-filled elastomeric sheets encased in polymeric fabrics and are both heavy and bulky to meet neces"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-354--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-354", "Flexible Lightweight Radiation Shielding", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Lead-filled aprons are currently used for atomic number (Z)-grade radiation shielding in the medical industry to protect personnel from hazardous gamma radiation. These apron garments are made with lead-filled elastomeric sheets encased in polymeric fabrics and are both heavy and bulky to meet neces"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-356", "LAR-TOPS-356", "Low Creep, Low Relaxation Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Inflatable and deployable beams and masts such as solar sail supports used in space missions are often made of polymer composites and may be stored for one to two years in space before deployment. While stored, these polymer composites degrade on a molecular level, which can limit the ability of the"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-356--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-356", "Low Creep, Low Relaxation Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Inflatable and deployable beams and masts such as solar sail supports used in space missions are often made of polymer composites and may be stored for one to two years in space before deployment. While stored, these polymer composites degrade on a molecular level, which can limit the ability of the"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-357", "LAR-TOPS-357", "AERoBOND: Large-scale Composite Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has an improved method for making composite structures. Industrial composite manufacturing is primarily accomplished through three methods: co-cure, co-bond, and secondary bond processes. Co-cure produces predictable structures and joint properties but is costly and chal"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-357--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-357", "AERoBOND: Large-scale Composite Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has an improved method for making composite structures. Industrial composite manufacturing is primarily accomplished through three methods: co-cure, co-bond, and secondary bond processes. Co-cure produces predictable structures and joint properties but is costly and chal"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-359", "LAR-TOPS-359", "In-Space Assembly of Structural Trusses and Shapes", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA engineers have developed an innovative method for simple design and modular assembly of curved, double-curved, or flat structures in space or on earth or lunar surfaces. The approach is expected to have greatest utility in structures ranging from a few meters to 100’s of meters. Most current sp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-359--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-359", "In-Space Assembly of Structural Trusses and Shapes", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA engineers have developed an innovative method for simple design and modular assembly of curved, double-curved, or flat structures in space or on earth or lunar surfaces. The approach is expected to have greatest utility in structures ranging from a few meters to 100’s of meters. Most current sp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-360", "LAR-TOPS-360", "Statistical Audibility Prediction (SAP) Algorithm", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Noise is difficult to escape in our daily lives. Such noise is generated by transportation vehicles, industrial equipment, hospital machines, phones, alarms, crowds, and more. Some sounds we want to suppress (e.g., airplane noise vs. conversation) and others we want to enhance (e.g., our ringing pho"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-360--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-360", "Statistical Audibility Prediction (SAP) Algorithm", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Noise is difficult to escape in our daily lives. Such noise is generated by transportation vehicles, industrial equipment, hospital machines, phones, alarms, crowds, and more. Some sounds we want to suppress (e.g., airplane noise vs. conversation) and others we want to enhance (e.g., our ringing pho"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-361", "LAR-TOPS-361", "Lunar Surface Navigation System", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Scientists at NASA’s Langley Research Center have developed a novel concept for a lunar navigation system based on the reverse-ephemeris technique. Typically, range related signal measurements from the earth’s surface are used to locate and track orbital objects (satellites) and establish the epheme"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-361--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-361", "Lunar Surface Navigation System", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Scientists at NASA’s Langley Research Center have developed a novel concept for a lunar navigation system based on the reverse-ephemeris technique. Typically, range related signal measurements from the earth’s surface are used to locate and track orbital objects (satellites) and establish the epheme"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-362", "LAR-TOPS-362", "Multi-Spectral Imaging Pyrometer", "sensors", "LARC", "Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a multi-spectral imaging pyrometer utilizing tunable optics. The system uses a conventional infrared imaging camera as the basis and then incorporates an ultrafast, all solid-state, tunable optical filter combined with unique data processing "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-362--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-362", "Multi-Spectral Imaging Pyrometer", "sensors", "LARC", "Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a multi-spectral imaging pyrometer utilizing tunable optics. The system uses a conventional infrared imaging camera as the basis and then incorporates an ultrafast, all solid-state, tunable optical filter combined with unique data processing "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-363", "LAR-TOPS-363", "System for Flight Control of Extremely Fast (Hypersonic) Aircraft", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have designed an electrode-based system for guidance, navigation and control of aircraft or spacecraft moving at hypersonic speeds in ionizing atmospheres. The system is composed of two electrodes that sit on the surface of a craft’s thermal protection s"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-363--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-363", "System for Flight Control of Extremely Fast (Hypersonic) Aircraft", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have designed an electrode-based system for guidance, navigation and control of aircraft or spacecraft moving at hypersonic speeds in ionizing atmospheres. The system is composed of two electrodes that sit on the surface of a craft’s thermal protection s"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-364", "LAR-TOPS-364", "Improved Hypersonic Aircraft Flight Control System", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have designed an improved electrode-based system for guidance, navigation and control of aircraft or spacecraft moving at hypersonic speeds in ionizing atmospheres. The system is composed of two electrodes that are recessed into angled channels on the su"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-364--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-364", "Improved Hypersonic Aircraft Flight Control System", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have designed an improved electrode-based system for guidance, navigation and control of aircraft or spacecraft moving at hypersonic speeds in ionizing atmospheres. The system is composed of two electrodes that are recessed into angled channels on the su"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-365", "LAR-TOPS-365", "Projected Background-Oriented Schlieren Imaging", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Inventors at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed a new background-oriented schlieren (BOS) imaging technique. The new technique enables vibration-tolerant, real-time, and reference-free BOS imaging for scientific investigations or industrial flow monitoring. Typically, BOS imaging r"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-365--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-365", "Projected Background-Oriented Schlieren Imaging", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Inventors at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed a new background-oriented schlieren (BOS) imaging technique. The new technique enables vibration-tolerant, real-time, and reference-free BOS imaging for scientific investigations or industrial flow monitoring. Typically, BOS imaging r"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-368", "LAR-TOPS-368", "Additive Manufacturing Model-based Process Metrics (AM-PM)", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Additive manufacturing enables unrivaled design freedom and flexible fabrication of components from a wide range of materials including metals, composites, polymers, and ceramics. The near net shape parts are made by processes like sequential melting or layer-by-layer material deposition with a comp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-368--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-368", "Additive Manufacturing Model-based Process Metrics (AM-PM)", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Additive manufacturing enables unrivaled design freedom and flexible fabrication of components from a wide range of materials including metals, composites, polymers, and ceramics. The near net shape parts are made by processes like sequential melting or layer-by-layer material deposition with a comp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-369", "LAR-TOPS-369", "Computer-Brain Interface for Display Control", "communications", "LARC", "NASA has developed a novel brain-computer display interface to improve a user’s ability to interact with a computer by automatically and continuously locating the position of the user’s gaze on a computer display. This interaction can significantly increase the user’s ability to communicate with the"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-369--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-369", "Computer-Brain Interface for Display Control", "communications", "LARC", "NASA has developed a novel brain-computer display interface to improve a user’s ability to interact with a computer by automatically and continuously locating the position of the user’s gaze on a computer display. This interaction can significantly increase the user’s ability to communicate with the"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-370", "LAR-TOPS-370", "Conductive Carbon Fiber Polymer Composite", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "A team of inventors from NASA Langley and NASA Ames have created a new type of carbon fiber polymer composite that has a high thermal conductivity. This was achieved by incorporating Pyrolytic Graphite Sheets (PGSs) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), which enhance the material's ability to transfer heat w"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-370--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-370", "Conductive Carbon Fiber Polymer Composite", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "A team of inventors from NASA Langley and NASA Ames have created a new type of carbon fiber polymer composite that has a high thermal conductivity. This was achieved by incorporating Pyrolytic Graphite Sheets (PGSs) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), which enhance the material's ability to transfer heat w"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-371", "LAR-TOPS-371", "eVTOL UAS with Lunar Lander Trajectory", "aerospace", "LARC", "Lunar landers are critical to enabling NASA’s mission of sustained human presence on the Moon. These spacecraft require advanced landing technologies (e.g., sensors, algorithms, navigation loops) to enable automated and precise entry, descent, and landing (EDL) on planetary surfaces. EDL operations "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-371--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-371", "eVTOL UAS with Lunar Lander Trajectory", "aerospace", "LARC", "Lunar landers are critical to enabling NASA’s mission of sustained human presence on the Moon. These spacecraft require advanced landing technologies (e.g., sensors, algorithms, navigation loops) to enable automated and precise entry, descent, and landing (EDL) on planetary surfaces. EDL operations "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-372", "LAR-TOPS-372", "Origami-based Deployable Fiber Reinforced Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Inventors at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a new UV (ultraviolet)-curable polymer carbon fiber composite and the origami-based deployable structures that are made from the new composite. The new composite and associated origami deployment system were developed for use in stronger, "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-372--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-372", "Origami-based Deployable Fiber Reinforced Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Inventors at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a new UV (ultraviolet)-curable polymer carbon fiber composite and the origami-based deployable structures that are made from the new composite. The new composite and associated origami deployment system were developed for use in stronger, "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-373", "LAR-TOPS-373", "Epitaxy of SiGe and Other Compound Semiconductors", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA engineers have developed a suite of technologies that enable super-hetero-epitaxial growth of silicon germanium (SiGe) and other compound semiconductors on sapphire and other trigonal and hexagonal structure substrate wafer materials. A focus for NASA has been on the development of methods to m"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-373--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-373", "Epitaxy of SiGe and Other Compound Semiconductors", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA engineers have developed a suite of technologies that enable super-hetero-epitaxial growth of silicon germanium (SiGe) and other compound semiconductors on sapphire and other trigonal and hexagonal structure substrate wafer materials. A focus for NASA has been on the development of methods to m"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-374", "LAR-TOPS-374", "Improving VTOL Proprotor Stability", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft such as tiltrotors hold the promise to provide the next generation of air transport but are limited in their forward airspeeds due to complex, coupled rotor and wing dynamic instabilities. NASA Langley’s Advanced Generalized Predictive Control (AGPC) tec"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-374--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-374", "Improving VTOL Proprotor Stability", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft such as tiltrotors hold the promise to provide the next generation of air transport but are limited in their forward airspeeds due to complex, coupled rotor and wing dynamic instabilities. NASA Langley’s Advanced Generalized Predictive Control (AGPC) tec"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-375", "LAR-TOPS-375", "Carbon Bipolar Membranes for Solid-State Batteries", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Innovators from the NASA Langley and NASA Glenn Research Centers have developed materials and processes to use carbon nanomaterials as bipolar membranes or plates for separating solid-state battery unit cells. Using carbon materials over current bipolar plates will be an enabling technology for ligh"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-375--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-375", "Carbon Bipolar Membranes for Solid-State Batteries", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Innovators from the NASA Langley and NASA Glenn Research Centers have developed materials and processes to use carbon nanomaterials as bipolar membranes or plates for separating solid-state battery unit cells. Using carbon materials over current bipolar plates will be an enabling technology for ligh"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-376", "LAR-TOPS-376", "Pervasive Biocybernetic Adaptation", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Biofeedback training is a technology that enhances cognitive and emotional capabilities, empowering peak performance. What sets it apart is the Biocybernetics adaptation systems, which not only collect biofeedback data but also dynamically adjust your environment based on physiological signals. Imag"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-376--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-376", "Pervasive Biocybernetic Adaptation", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Biofeedback training is a technology that enhances cognitive and emotional capabilities, empowering peak performance. What sets it apart is the Biocybernetics adaptation systems, which not only collect biofeedback data but also dynamically adjust your environment based on physiological signals. Imag"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-377", "LAR-TOPS-377", "Biocybernetic VR/AR Training System for De-Escalating Conflict", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA Langley’s innovative biocybernetic system employs a blend of hardware and software within a virtual/augmented/mixed reality (VR/AR/MR) environment. Its purpose is to provide psychophysiological self-regulation training, specifically geared toward helping individuals de-escalate conflicts in rea"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-377--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-377", "Biocybernetic VR/AR Training System for De-Escalating Conflict", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA Langley’s innovative biocybernetic system employs a blend of hardware and software within a virtual/augmented/mixed reality (VR/AR/MR) environment. Its purpose is to provide psychophysiological self-regulation training, specifically geared toward helping individuals de-escalate conflicts in rea"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-378", "LAR-TOPS-378", "Fingerprinting for Rapid Battery Inspection", "optics", "LARC", "Dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries can lead to fires and explosions, limiting battery life and safety. High resolution radiographs can be used to detect subtle precursors to battery failure, but it can be tedious to collect and combine these radiographs over the course of testing many battery "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-378--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-378", "Fingerprinting for Rapid Battery Inspection", "optics", "LARC", "Dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries can lead to fires and explosions, limiting battery life and safety. High resolution radiographs can be used to detect subtle precursors to battery failure, but it can be tedious to collect and combine these radiographs over the course of testing many battery "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-379", "LAR-TOPS-379", "Novel Shape Memory Composite Substrate", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Shape memory polymers, like shape memory alloys, have the capability to return to their original shape from a temporary (or programmed) shape when some external stimulus is applied (e.g., temperature, electric field). However, shape memory polymers have not seen the same level of implementation as t"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-379--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-379", "Novel Shape Memory Composite Substrate", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Shape memory polymers, like shape memory alloys, have the capability to return to their original shape from a temporary (or programmed) shape when some external stimulus is applied (e.g., temperature, electric field). However, shape memory polymers have not seen the same level of implementation as t"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-380", "LAR-TOPS-380", "AERoBOND+ for Manufacturing Composite Structures", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "The original AERoBOND technology was developed to enable co-cure joining and manufacturing of large composite structures without the use of fasteners. The AERoBOND technology provides novel prepreg and resin formulation designs to improve the joining and manufacturing of high-performance, large comp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-380--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-380", "AERoBOND+ for Manufacturing Composite Structures", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "The original AERoBOND technology was developed to enable co-cure joining and manufacturing of large composite structures without the use of fasteners. The AERoBOND technology provides novel prepreg and resin formulation designs to improve the joining and manufacturing of high-performance, large comp"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-381", "LAR-TOPS-381", "Durable Anti-Icing Coatings", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Prevention of ice accretion on aircraft surfaces while in flight is critical. Ice accumulation on aircraft wings can effectively change the shape of the wing, resulting in degraded aerodynamic performance, fuel efficiency, and most importantly, flight safety. Commercial aircraft use active (i.e., en"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-381--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-381", "Durable Anti-Icing Coatings", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Prevention of ice accretion on aircraft surfaces while in flight is critical. Ice accumulation on aircraft wings can effectively change the shape of the wing, resulting in degraded aerodynamic performance, fuel efficiency, and most importantly, flight safety. Commercial aircraft use active (i.e., en"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-382", "LAR-TOPS-382", "Rapid Aero Modeling for Computational Experiments", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Aerodynamic modeling plays a critical role in the development of new aircraft, particularly for innovative designs aimed at urban air mobility (UAM) applications. This includes electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, which combine features of conventional aircraft and rotorcraft. Suc"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-383", "LAR-TOPS-383", "Foldable Solid RF Reflector Architectures", "aerospace", "LARC", "Inventors at the NASA Langley Research Center have designed innovative foldable large-scale parabolic reflectors. This solution addresses the challenges of scaling solid surface reflectors to beyond 10-meter diameter, enabling higher gains, improved data transfer rates, and superior overall performa"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-383--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-383", "Foldable Solid RF Reflector Architectures", "aerospace", "LARC", "Inventors at the NASA Langley Research Center have designed innovative foldable large-scale parabolic reflectors. This solution addresses the challenges of scaling solid surface reflectors to beyond 10-meter diameter, enabling higher gains, improved data transfer rates, and superior overall performa"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-384", "LAR-TOPS-384", "Mitigating Risk in Commercial Aviation Operations", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center have invented a software based on machine learning algorithms that uses data from over 200 airports and over 400 individual systems to predict aviation related risks. One source of the National Airspace System (NAS)’s flight operations data is availabl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-384--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-384", "Mitigating Risk in Commercial Aviation Operations", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center have invented a software based on machine learning algorithms that uses data from over 200 airports and over 400 individual systems to predict aviation related risks. One source of the National Airspace System (NAS)’s flight operations data is availabl"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-387", "LAR-TOPS-387", "Receiver for Long-distance, Low-backscatter LiDAR", "sensors", "LARC", "Researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a new coherent LiDAR (light detection and ranging) receiver compatible with high-energy fiber lasers. The hybrid receiver incorporates robust bulk optics (i.e., dielectric, coated optics) to handle high pulse energy where needed and fibe"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-387--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-387", "Receiver for Long-distance, Low-backscatter LiDAR", "sensors", "LARC", "Researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a new coherent LiDAR (light detection and ranging) receiver compatible with high-energy fiber lasers. The hybrid receiver incorporates robust bulk optics (i.e., dielectric, coated optics) to handle high pulse energy where needed and fibe"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-389", "LAR-TOPS-389", "Thermally-Adaptive Solid State Laser Crystal Mount", "optics", "LARC", "NASA’s solid-state laser crystal mounting technology was developed for and implemented in high-energy pulsed 2-micron laser transmitters for airborne differential absorption LIDAR used in measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and Coherent Doppler lidar used for atmospheric winds."], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-389--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-389", "Thermally-Adaptive Solid State Laser Crystal Mount", "optics", "LARC", "NASA’s solid-state laser crystal mounting technology was developed for and implemented in high- energy pulsed 2-micron laser transmitters for airborne differential absorption LIDAR used in measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and Coherent Doppler lidar used for atmospheric winds"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-391", "LAR-TOPS-391", "Advanced Isothermally Produced Next-Gen Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Next-generation composite aircraft that are produced at a high rate require fundamental advances in composite materials and manufacturing processes. Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a new family of formulations and composite processing methods that enable rapid and simpler f"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-391--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-391", "Advanced Isothermally Produced Next-Gen Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Next-generation composite aircraft that are produced at a high rate require fundamental advances in composite materials and manufacturing processes. Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a new family of formulations and composite processing methods that enable rapid and simpler f"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-392", "LAR-TOPS-392", "Advanced Thermal Inspection with Pulsed Light Emitting Diodes (PLED) Technology", "sensors", "LARC", "Thermal nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is a widely used method for detecting defects such as cracks, corrosion, and dis-bond layers in metallic and composite structures. Traditional thermal inspection methods rely on a high-intensity, broadband light heat source (e.g., flash lamp, quartz lamp) that"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-392--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-392", "Advanced Thermal Inspection with Pulsed Light Emitting Diodes (PLED) Technology", "sensors", "LARC", "Thermal nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is a widely used method for detecting defects such as cracks, corrosion, and dis-bond layers in metallic and composite structures. Traditional thermal inspection methods rely on a high-intensity, broadband light heat source (e.g., flash lamp, quartz lamp) that"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-393", "LAR-TOPS-393", "All-Solid-State Frequency Agile Filter (AF2)", "optics", "LARC", "A thin-film interference filter (TFIF) is an optical device that uses light interference to selectively transmit, reflect, or block specific wavelengths. TFIFs are used in imaging systems like LiDAR to control the light reaching the detector and are easily mass-produced with excellent optical perfor"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-393--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-393", "All-Solid-State Frequency Agile Filter (AF2)", "optics", "LARC", "A thin-film interference filter (TFIF) is an optical device that uses light interference to selectively transmit, reflect, or block specific wavelengths. TFIFs are used in imaging systems like LiDAR to control the light reaching the detector and are easily mass-produced with excellent optical perfor"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-394", "LAR-TOPS-394", "LED Intensity Decay Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is a common technique used for measuring fluid flow by tracking the motion of small, micron-sized particles seeded in a fluid medium. Traditionally, PTV and its related technique, particle image velocimetry (PIV), rely on high-powered pulsed lasers that generate t"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-394--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-394", "LED Intensity Decay Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is a common technique used for measuring fluid flow by tracking the motion of small, micron-sized particles seeded in a fluid medium. Traditionally, PTV and its related technique, particle image velocimetry (PIV), rely on high-powered pulsed lasers that generate t"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-395", "LAR-TOPS-395", "A Generalized Ultrasonic Inspection Method for Batteries", "sensors", "LARC", "Ultrasonic battery inspection is an innovative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique that leverages high-frequency sound waves to reveal subtle battery characteristics—ranging from internal defects and quality variations to estimations of State of Health (SoH) and State of Charge (SoC). Localize"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-395--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-395", "A Generalized Ultrasonic Inspection Method for Batteries", "sensors", "LARC", "Ultrasonic battery inspection is an innovative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique that leverages high-frequency sound waves to reveal subtle battery characteristics—ranging from internal defects and quality variations to estimations of State of Health (SoH) and State of Charge (SoC). Localize"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-396", "LAR-TOPS-396", "Filtered Ronchi Rulings for Enhanced Schlieren Imaging", "optics", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed two novel types of Ronchi rulings to improve flow measurement in schlieren imaging systems. A previous self-aligned focusing schlieren (SAFS) system, which uses a single Ronchi ruling as both the source and cutoff grids (LAR-TOPS-348), marke"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-396--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-396", "Filtered Ronchi Rulings for Enhanced Schlieren Imaging", "optics", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed two novel types of Ronchi rulings to improve flow measurement in schlieren imaging systems. A previous self-aligned focusing schlieren (SAFS) system, which uses a single Ronchi ruling as both the source and cutoff grids (LAR-TOPS-348), marke"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-397", "LAR-TOPS-397", "Optimization of X-Ray CT Measurement Accuracy for Metal AM Components", "manufacturing", "LARC", "In aerospace and other industries, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are poised to enable the rapid production of complex, custom components that provides a host of advantages. However, metal AM exhibits high complexity compared to conventionally manufactured parts (e.g., point-by-point"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-397--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-397", "Optimization of X-Ray CT Measurement Accuracy for Metal AM Components", "manufacturing", "LARC", "In aerospace and other industries, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are poised to enable the rapid production of complex, custom components that provides a host of advantages. However, metal AM exhibits high complexity compared to conventionally manufactured parts (e.g., point-by-point"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-398", "LAR-TOPS-398", "Multi-Edge Slant Target for Non-Localized MTF Measurement", "optics", "LARC", "High-speed flight, whether by spacecraft, launch vehicles, or hypersonic aircraft, subjects vehicles to extreme thermal, aerodynamic, and structural loads. To refine predictive models and drive improved designs, NASA’s Scientifically Calibrated In-Flight Imagery (SCIFLI) team develops and operates a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-398--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-398", "Multi-Edge Slant Target for Non-Localized MTF Measurement", "optics", "LARC", "High-speed flight, whether by spacecraft, launch vehicles, or hypersonic aircraft, subjects vehicles to extreme thermal, aerodynamic, and structural loads. To refine predictive models and drive improved designs, NASA’s Scientifically Calibrated In-Flight Imagery (SCIFLI) team develops and operates a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-4", "LAR-TOPS-4", "ZONE (Zeroing Out Negative Effects)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed ZONE, an innovative method for improving athletes responses to stress, anxiety, and loss of concentration during competition. In the training environment, when the user successfully attains an optimal target state of psychophysiological functioning, the t"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-4--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-4", "ZONE (Zeroing Out Negative Effects)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed ZONE, an innovative method for improving athletes responses to stress, anxiety, and loss of concentration during competition. In the training environment , when the user successfully attains an optimal target state of psychophysiological functioning, the "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-400", "LAR-TOPS-400", "Reconfigurable Local Oscillator for Coherent Optical Detection", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Current coherent optical receivers use fixed local oscillators (LOs), and the characteristics of LOs, such as frequency, polarization, or spatial mode, determine which incoming signals can be detected. These constraints reduce sensitivity and restrict the range of detectable signals. Signals that fa"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-400--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-400", "Reconfigurable Local Oscillator for Coherent Optical Detection", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Current coherent optical receivers use fixed local oscillators (LOs), and the characteristics of LOs, such as frequency, polarization, or spatial mode, determine which incoming signals can be detected. These constraints reduce sensitivity and restrict the range of detectable signals. Signals that fa"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-401", "LAR-TOPS-401", "Single-Action-Lock Structural Space Joint", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "On Earth, most joining systems are effective in human centric environments with virtually unlimited joining supplies. As an assembly agent, a human possesses two 27 degree-of-freedom (DOF) hands, each attached to a 7 DOF arm, all mobilized by an adaptive human body. Humans can complete complex assem"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-401--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-401", "Single-Action-Lock Structural Space Joint", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "On Earth, most joining systems are effective in human centric environments with virtually unlimited joining supplies. As an assembly agent, a human possesses two 27 degree-of-freedom (DOF) hands, each attached to a 7 DOF arm, all mobilized by an adaptive human body. Humans can complete complex assem"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-402", "LAR-TOPS-402", "Retroreflective Temperature- and Pressure-Sensitive Paints", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Pressure-sensitive paints (PSP) and temperature-sensitive paints (TSP) are widely used for surface measurement and flow visualization, yet their application prevents simultaneous schlieren-based visualization as the model on which they're applied obstructs schlieren line-of-sight and has separate op"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-402--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-402", "Retroreflective Temperature- and Pressure-Sensitive Paints", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Pressure-sensitive paints (PSP) and temperature-sensitive paints (TSP) are widely used for surface measurement and flow visualization, yet their application prevents simultaneous schlieren-based visualization as the model on which they're applied obstructs schlieren line-of-sight and has separate op"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-403", "LAR-TOPS-403", "Self-Calibrating Virtual Sensor", "sensors", "LARC", "Air flow measurement systems are widely used for flight instrumentation and aviation safety, yet their application to real-time aircraft operation presents unique challenges due to local flow field distortions, calibration complexities, and sensor positioning constraints. Achieving desired measureme"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-403--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-403", "Self-Calibrating Virtual Sensor", "sensors", "LARC", "Air flow measurement systems are widely used for flight instrumentation and aviation safety, yet their application to real-time aircraft operation presents unique challenges due to local flow field distortions, calibration complexities, and sensor positioning constraints. Achieving desired measureme"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-404", "LAR-TOPS-404", "High Stiffness Self Leveling Platform", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Leveling platforms are critical for orienting equipment in environments where uneven terrain can compromise performance. Conventional solutions often rely on manual adjustment or lightweight designs intended for small instruments, which limits their usefulness for heavy-duty applications. These appr"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-404--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-404", "High Stiffness Self Leveling Platform", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Leveling platforms are critical for orienting equipment in environments where uneven terrain can compromise performance. Conventional solutions often rely on manual adjustment or lightweight designs intended for small instruments, which limits their usefulness for heavy-duty applications. These appr"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-405", "LAR-TOPS-405", "Anode-Electrolyte Interlayering in Solid-State Batteries via Dry-Processing", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA’s SABERS (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) project aims to advance battery efficiency, power, and safety. Solid-state batteries promise higher energy density and safety compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their use of solid, stable el"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-405--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-405", "Anode-Electrolyte Interlayering in Solid-State Batteries via Dry-Processing", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA’s SABERS (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) project aims to advance battery efficiency, power, and safety. Solid-state batteries promise higher energy density and safety compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their use of solid, stable el"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-406", "LAR-TOPS-406", "Predicting Defects in Additive Manufacturing", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Powder-bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) method that uses a high-energy heat source, such as a laser, to selectively fuse fine metal powder particulate layer-by-layer to create complex 3D components. This is a precise process that relies on a spatially resolved dataset of process pa"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-406--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-406", "Predicting Defects in Additive Manufacturing", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Powder-bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) method that uses a high-energy heat source, such as a laser, to selectively fuse fine metal powder particulate layer-by-layer to create complex 3D components. This is a precise process that relies on a spatially resolved dataset of process pa"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-408", "LAR-TOPS-408", "Improved Unsteady Pressure Sensitive Paint Formulation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Modern aerodynamic testing requires capturing high-resolution, unsteady pressure distributions across complex surfaces. Unsteady pressure-sensitive paint (uPSP) enables non-intrusive, full-field pressure mapping, by luminescing under excitation light. As local air pressure fluctuates across a test a"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-409", "LAR-TOPS-409", "Tailorable Resistance Heating Layer and Silicon Carbide Protective Coating", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Aerodynamic testing in cryogenic wind tunnels requires precise detection of laminar-to-turbulent flow transition. The standard approach of creating a surface temperature step by adjusting liquid nitrogen injection is slow, expensive, and can disturb the flow field. Meanwhile, the temperature-sensiti"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-5", "LAR-TOPS-5", "Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymers", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed an extensive technology portfolio on novel methods for effective dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymers. The technology portfolio extends from making stable dispersions of CNTs in polymer resins to processes for making composite CN"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-5--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-5", "Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymers", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed an extensive technology portfolio on novel methods for effective dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymers. The technology portfolio extends from making stable dispersions of CNTs in polymer resins to processes for making composite CN"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-6", "LAR-TOPS-6", "Fabrication of Fiber-Metal Laminates with Non-Autoclave Processes", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASAs Langley Research Center developed a new technique that enables the preparation of metal/composite hybrid laminates, also known as fiber-metal laminates (FML), through a one-step processing method. Currently FMLs are prepared by a compression process using a press or autoclave with metallic lay"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-6--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-6", "Fabrication of Fiber-Metal Laminates with Non-Autoclave Processes", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASAs Langley Research Center developed a new technique that enables the preparation of metal/composite hybrid laminates, also known as fiber-metal laminates (FML), through a one-step processing method. Currently FMLs are prepared by a compression process using a press or autoclave with metallic lay"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-61", "LAR-TOPS-61", "Computational Visual Servo", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed an automatic measurement and control method for smart image enhancement. Pilots, doctors, and photographers will benefit from this innovation that offers a new approach to image processing. Initial advantages will be seen in improved medical "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-61--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-61", "Computational Visual Servo", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed an automatic measurement and control method for smart image enhancement. Pilots, doctors, and photographers will benefit from this innovation that offers a new approach to image processing. Initial advantages will be seen in improved medical "], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-73", "LAR-TOPS-73", "Lunar Surface Manipulation System", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center offers a novel lifting and precision positioning device with hybrid functional characteristics of both crane-type lifting devices and robotic manipulators. The design of the Lunar Surface Manipulation System (LSMS) allows for fine positioning with complete control over"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-73--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-73", "Lunar Surface Manipulation System", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center offers a novel lifting and precision positioning device with hybrid functional characteristics of both crane-type lifting devices and robotic manipulators. The design of the Lunar Surface Manipulation System (LSMS) allows for fine positioning with complete control over"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-79", "LAR-TOPS-79", "Highly Accurate Position Detection and Shape Sensing with Fiber Optics", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has demonstrated a patent pending method and apparatus for determining the position, in three dimensions, of any point on an optical fiber. The new method uses low reflectance Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors in a multi-core fiber to determine how any point alo"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-79--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-79", "Highly Accurate Position Detection and Shape Sensing with Fiber Optics", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has demonstrated a patent pending method and apparatus for determining the position, in three dimensions, of any point on an optical fiber. The new method uses low reflectance Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors in a multi-core fiber to determine how any point alo"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-83", "LAR-TOPS-83", "Wireless Electrical Devices Using Floating Electrodes", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed a wireless, connection-free, open circuit technology that can be used for developing electrical devices such as sensors that need no physical contact with the properties being measured. At the core of the technology is the SansEC [Sans Electr"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-83--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-83", "Wireless Electrical Devices Using Floating Electrodes", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed a wireless, connection-free, open circuit technology that can be used for developing electrical devices such as sensors that need no physical contact with the properties being measured. At the core of the technology is the SansEC [Sans Electr"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-87", "LAR-TOPS-87", "Autonomous Slat-Cove Filler Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center developed a deployable and stowable mechanical design for filling the cavity behind the leading-edge slat (i.e., slat cove), when it is extended upon landing approach of an aircraft. Aerodynamic flow over an unfilled cavity typically exhibits strongly unsteady behavior"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-87--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-87", "Autonomous Slat-Cove Filler Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center developed a deployable and stowable mechanical design for filling the cavity behind the leading-edge slat (i.e., slat cove), when it is extended upon landing approach of an aircraft. Aerodynamic flow over an unfilled cavity typically exhibits strongly unsteady behavior"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-88", "LAR-TOPS-88", "Game and Simulation Control", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a technology at the forefront of a new generation of computer and video game environments that train valuable mental skills, beyond eye-hand coordination, for the personal improvement, not just the diversion, of the user. Monitoring and enhancement of ope"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-88--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-88", "Game and Simulation Control", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a technology at the forefront of a new generation of computer and video game environments that train valuable mental skills, beyond eye-hand coordination, for the personal improvement, not just the diversion, of the user. Monitoring and enhancement of ope"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-95", "LAR-TOPS-95", "Laser Linear Frequency Modulation System", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has made a breakthrough improvement in laser frequency modulation. Frequency modulation technology has been used for surface mapping and measurement in sonar, radar, and time-off-light laser technologies for decades. Although adequate, the accuracy of distance measurem"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-95--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-95", "Laser Linear Frequency Modulation System", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has made a breakthrough improvement in laser frequency modulation. Frequency modulation technology has been used for surface mapping and measurement in sonar, radar, and time-off-light laser technologies for decades. Although adequate, the accuracy of distance measurem"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-97", "LAR-TOPS-97", "Particle Contamination Mitigation Methods", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers offer you methods for particle contamination mitigation. The methods were developed for exploration of surfaces such as Moon, Mars, and asteroids. During past missions, lunar dust caused an array of issues including compromised seals, clogged filters, abrad"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-97--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-97", "Particle Contamination Mitigation Methods", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers offer you methods for particle contamination mitigation. The methods were developed for exploration of surfaces such as Moon, Mars, and asteroids. During past missions, lunar dust caused an array of issues including compromised seals, clogged filters, abrad"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-99", "LAR-TOPS-99", "Plasma Deposition of Metal in Composite Panels", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new technique to enable the preparation of metal/composite hybrid laminates, also known as fiber metal laminates (FML), by depositing metal directly onto fabric using a plasma deposition process. FMLs provide a useful combination of structural and funct"], ["patent", "LAR-TOPS-99--LAR-TOPS", "LAR-TOPS-99", "Plasma Deposition of Metal in Composite Panels", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new technique to enable the preparation of metal/composite hybrid laminates, also known as fiber metal laminates (FML), by depositing metal directly onto fabric using a plasma deposition process. FMLs provide a useful combination of structural and funct"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-104", "LEW-TOPS-104", "High-Voltage Power System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a variable-frequency, alternating current (AC) power system to enable turbo-electric and hybrid electric propulsion. Glenn's technology uses double-fed electric machines and a high-voltage, variable-frequency power system to significantly dec"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-104--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-104", "High-Voltage Power System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a variable-frequency, alternating current (AC) power system to enable turbo-electric and hybrid electric propulsion. Glenn's technology uses double-fed electric machines and a high-voltage, variable-frequency power system to significantly dec"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-107", "LEW-TOPS-107", "New Methods in Preparing and Purifying Nanomaterials", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have made several breakthroughs in treating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanomaterials, improving their properties to supplant carbon nanotubes in many applications. These inventors have greatly enhanced the processes of intercalation and exfoliation. Both"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-107--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-107", "New Methods in Preparing and Purifying Nanomaterials", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have made several breakthroughs in treating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanomaterials, improving their properties to supplant carbon nanotubes in many applications. These inventors have greatly enhanced the processes of intercalation and exfoliation. Both"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-108", "LEW-TOPS-108", "Secure Optical Quantum Communications", "communications", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a method of using entangled-photon pairs to produce highly secure mobile communications that require mere milliwatts of power. Conventional gas Argon-ion laser sources are too large, expensive, and power-intensive to use in portable applications. By contras"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-108--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-108", "Secure Optical Quantum Communications", "communications", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a method of using entangled-photon pairs to produce highly secure mobile communications that require mere milliwatts of power. Conventional gas Argon-ion laser sources are too large, expensive, and power-intensive to use in portable applications. By contras"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-109", "LEW-TOPS-109", "A Method for Reducing Broadband Noise", "aerospace", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA's Glenn and Langley Research Centers have developed a groundbreaking bio-mimicking acoustic liner for quieting noisy environments. Conventional approaches have not been able to absorb sound effectively in the 400-3000 Hz range, thereby subjecting humans to excessive noise polluti"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-109--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-109", "A Method for Reducing Broadband Noise", "aerospace", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA's Glenn and Langley Research Centers have developed a groundbreaking bio-mimicking acoustic liner for quieting noisy environments. Conventional approaches have not been able to absorb sound effectively in the 400-3000 Hz range, thereby subjecting humans to excessive noise polluti"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-110", "LEW-TOPS-110", "Thermal Management for Aircraft Propulsion Systems", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a lightweight, reliable thermal management system, for both ambient and cryogenic propulsion systems, that increases overall fuel efficiency from 40 to 60 percent. Conventional aircraft propulsion systems struggle to keep high-powered electri"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-110--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-110", "Thermal Management for Aircraft Propulsion Systems", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a lightweight, reliable thermal management system, for both ambient and cryogenic propulsion systems, that increases overall fuel efficiency from 40 to 60 percent. Conventional aircraft propulsion systems struggle to keep high-powered electri"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-112", "LEW-TOPS-112", "Advanced Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon Gas Sensors", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed advanced hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas sensors capable of detecting leaks, monitoring emissions, and providing in situ measurements of gas composition and pressure. These compact, rugged sensors can be used to optimize combustion and lower emi"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-112--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-112", "Advanced Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon Gas Sensors", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed advanced hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas sensors capable of detecting leaks, monitoring emissions, and providing in situ measurements of gas composition and pressure. These compact, rugged sensors can be used to optimize combustion and lower emi"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-113", "LEW-TOPS-113", "Signal Combiner for Wideband Communication", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have devised an efficient new method of combining primary and secondary signals with minimal loss and noise. Exploiting non-traditional uses of frequency domain multiplexers and analog-to-digital converters (ADC), Glenn's secondary signal combiner uses a fr"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-113--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-113", "Signal Combiner for Wideband Communication", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have devised an efficient new method of combining primary and secondary signals with minimal loss and noise. Exploiting non-traditional uses of frequency domain multiplexers and analog-to-digital converters (ADC), Glenn's secondary signal combiner uses a fr"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-114", "LEW-TOPS-114", "Double-Fed Induction Linear Alternator", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a lightweight, double-fed induction linear alternator capable of highly efficient extreme-environment performance. While traditional linear alternators cannot withstand temperatures of 250°C, this innovation has the ability to operate at 950°"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-114--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-114", "Double-Fed Induction Linear Alternator", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a lightweight, double-fed induction linear alternator capable of highly efficient extreme-environment performance. While traditional linear alternators cannot withstand temperatures of 250°C, this innovation has the ability to operate at 950°"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-115", "LEW-TOPS-115", "Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) 370 Resin for High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) imide resin known as RTM370 that is generated using a revolutionary, solvent-free process. Its many desirable properties earned it a prestigious R&D 100 Award in 2017. RTM370 has a high glass transition temperat"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-115--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-115", "Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) 370 Resin for High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) imide resin known as RTM370 that is generated using a revolutionary, solvent-free process. Its many desirable properties earned it a prestigious R&D 100 Award in 2017. RTM370 has a high glass transition temperat"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-116", "LEW-TOPS-116", "Seal with Integrated Shroud to Protect from Exposure to Extreme Environments", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have designed a superior seal assembly that is durable and highly dependable in extremely harsh environments. This fault-tolerant design features a novel protective shroud that shields its interior seal element(s) from hazardous conditions that can quickly "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-116--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-116", "Seal with Integrated Shroud to Protect from Exposure to Extreme Environments", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have designed a superior seal assembly that is durable and highly dependable in extremely harsh environments. This fault-tolerant design features a novel protective shroud that shields its interior seal element(s) from hazardous conditions that can quickly "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-117", "LEW-TOPS-117", "Optically Transparent Polyimide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have expanded their growing portfolio of aerogels to include a new optically transparent polyimide aerogel. Aerogels - low density, highly porous, ultralight materials derived from gels - can be fabricated to achieve specific, desirable traits, including va"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-117--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-117", "Optically Transparent Polyimide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have expanded their growing portfolio of aerogels to include a new optically transparent polyimide aerogel. Aerogels - low density, highly porous, ultralight materials derived from gels - can be fabricated to achieve specific, desirable traits, including va"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-118", "LEW-TOPS-118", "The Teletenna - A Hybrid Telescope Antenna System", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a hybrid telescope antenna system - Teletenna - to deliver high data-rate communication over great distances. Teletenna has the potential to benefit deep space missions and communications on Earth. By combining two very different communicatio"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-118--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-118", "The Teletenna - A Hybrid Telescope Antenna System", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a hybrid telescope antenna system - Teletenna - to deliver high data-rate communication over great distances. Teletenna has the potential to benefit deep space missions and communications on Earth. By combining two very different communicatio"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-119", "LEW-TOPS-119", "Capacitive Pressure Sensor System and Packaging", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a state-of-the-art packaged capacitive pressure sensor system that provides in-situ dynamic data acquisition in harsh operating environments. Designed to monitor jet turbofan engine health, this pressure sensor can be placed directly on the e"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-119--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-119", "Capacitive Pressure Sensor System and Packaging", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a state-of-the-art packaged capacitive pressure sensor system that provides in-situ dynamic data acquisition in harsh operating environments. Designed to monitor jet turbofan engine health, this pressure sensor can be placed directly on the e"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-121", "LEW-TOPS-121", "Oil-Free Lubricants", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed high-temperature solid lubricant materials to reduce friction and wear in mechanical components, especially in extreme temperatures. The lubricant performs in temperatures from cryogenic levels to greater than 900°C. It has been formulated to provide higher"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-121--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-121", "Oil-Free Lubricants", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed high-temperature solid lubricant materials to reduce friction and wear in mechanical components, especially in extreme temperatures. The lubricant performs in temperatures from cryogenic levels to greater than 900°C. It has been formulated to provide higher"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-122", "LEW-TOPS-122", "Shape Memory Alloy Rock Splitters (SMARS)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a groundbreaking method for using shape memory alloys (SMAs) to split apart rock formations without explosives or hydraulics. Conventional approaches present difficulties in transportation and operation and can badly damage underlying samples during use. G"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-122--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-122", "Shape Memory Alloy Rock Splitters (SMARS)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a groundbreaking method for using shape memory alloys (SMAs) to split apart rock formations without explosives or hydraulics. Conventional approaches present difficulties in transportation and operation and can badly damage underlying samples during use. G"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-126", "LEW-TOPS-126", "Metallization for SiC Semiconductors", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed and patented improved ohmic contacts, and a fabrication method for them, that will speed the production of silicon carbide (SiC) sensors and electronics that operate in high-temperature, harsh environments. Conventional fabrication techniques"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-126--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-126", "Metallization for SiC Semiconductors", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed and patented improved ohmic contacts, and a fabrication method for them, that will speed the production of silicon carbide (SiC) sensors and electronics that operate in high-temperature, harsh environments. Conventional fabrication techniques"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-129", "LEW-TOPS-129", "NiTi Alloy Ball Bearings", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new method for making small diameter, high-grade Nickel Titanium (NiTi) ball bearings that set a new standard for precision performance in the bearing field. Using non-corrosive NiTi alloy instead of steel is an inexpensive way to increase "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-129--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-129", "NiTi Alloy Ball Bearings", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new method for making small diameter, high-grade Nickel Titanium (NiTi) ball bearings that set a new standard for precision performance in the bearing field. Using non-corrosive NiTi alloy instead of steel is an inexpensive way to increase "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-130", "LEW-TOPS-130", "Shape Memory Alloy with Adjustable, Wide-Ranging Actuation Temperatures", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new Nickel Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) with additions of Hafnium (Hf) and Zirconium (Zr) that offers a broader transformation temperature range and greater dimensional stability than any other SMA on the market. In spite of the"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-130--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-130", "Shape Memory Alloy with Adjustable, Wide-Ranging Actuation Temperatures", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new Nickel Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) with additions of Hafnium (Hf) and Zirconium (Zr) that offers a broader transformation temperature range and greater dimensional stability than any other SMA on the market. In spite of the"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-132", "LEW-TOPS-132", "Conductive High-Toughness Oxides", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel method for making oxide coatings that have excellent mechanical strength and electronic conductivity at room temperature. Using the Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) processing methodology, Glenn researchers have been ab"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-132--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-132", "Conductive High-Toughness Oxides", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel method for making oxide coatings that have excellent mechanical strength and electronic conductivity at room temperature. Using the Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) processing methodology, Glenn researchers have been ab"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-133", "LEW-TOPS-133", "Durable Polyimide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed cutting-edge polyimide aerogel technologies that are 500 times stronger than traditional silica aerogels. These durable polyimide aerogels are highly flexible and foldable in contrast to traditional silica aerogels, which shed dust particles "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-133--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-133", "Durable Polyimide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed cutting-edge polyimide aerogel technologies that are 500 times stronger than traditional silica aerogels. These durable polyimide aerogels are highly flexible and foldable in contrast to traditional silica aerogels, which shed dust particles "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-134", "LEW-TOPS-134", "Premixed, High-Pressure, Multi-Fuel Burner", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a novel design for a fully premixed high-pressure burner capable of operating on a variety of gaseous fuels and oxidizers, including hydrogen-air mixtures, with a low pressure drop. The burner provides a rapidly and uniformly mixed fuel-oxidizer mixture tha"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-134--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-134", "Premixed, High-Pressure, Multi-Fuel Burner", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a novel design for a fully premixed high-pressure burner capable of operating on a variety of gaseous fuels and oxidizers, including hydrogen-air mixtures, with a low pressure drop. The burner provides a rapidly and uniformly mixed fuel-oxidizer mixture tha"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-135", "LEW-TOPS-135", "Shape Memory Alloy Mechanisms for CubeSats", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed lightweight and reliable mechanisms based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) for small satellites, such as CubeSats. SMAs have a unique ability to effect a reversible phase transformation, so that they can withstand being severely deformed and rec"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-135--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-135", "Shape Memory Alloy Mechanisms for CubeSats", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed lightweight and reliable mechanisms based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) for small satellites, such as CubeSats. SMAs have a unique ability to effect a reversible phase transformation, so that they can withstand being severely deformed and rec"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-136", "LEW-TOPS-136", "Environmental Barrier Coatings for Ceramic Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed two durable environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for use with ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components. CMCs are lightweight composites used to reduce fuel consumption in advanced gas turbines and other high-temperature, high-stress environ"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-136--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-136", "Environmental Barrier Coatings for Ceramic Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed two durable environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for use with ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components. CMCs are lightweight composites used to reduce fuel consumption in advanced gas turbines and other high-temperature, high-stress environ"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-137", "LEW-TOPS-137", "Shape Memory Alloy Art (SMArt)", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an educational device and method for creating letters, numbers, characters, symbols, or a combination, using shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. The device, which is a small, portable apparatus, goes through a prescribed heating sequence which wil"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-137--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-137", "Shape Memory Alloy Art (SMArt)", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an educational device and method for creating letters, numbers, characters, symbols, or a combination, using shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. The device, which is a small, portable apparatus, goes through a prescribed heating sequence which wil"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-138", "LEW-TOPS-138", "Continuous Fiber Composite for Use in Gears", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a breakthrough means of adapting strong but lightweight carbon fiber composite material to fabricate structures of complex shape, such as specialized components for drive systems. Conventional methods of using discontinuous fiber composites f"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-138--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-138", "Continuous Fiber Composite for Use in Gears", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a breakthrough means of adapting strong but lightweight carbon fiber composite material to fabricate structures of complex shape, such as specialized components for drive systems. Conventional methods of using discontinuous fiber composites f"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-139", "LEW-TOPS-139", "Ruthenium-Doped Thermoelectric Materials", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel thermoelectric material that raises the bar for solid-state power conversion devices. There is growing momentum in the aerospace and automotive industries to harvest energy from heat (such as exhaust from combustion), but advances hav"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-139--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-139", "Ruthenium-Doped Thermoelectric Materials", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel thermoelectric material that raises the bar for solid-state power conversion devices. There is growing momentum in the aerospace and automotive industries to harvest energy from heat (such as exhaust from combustion), but advances hav"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-140", "LEW-TOPS-140", "High Efficiency Megawatt Motor", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have designed a High Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM), a wound-field partially superconducting machine. The HEMM implements a combination of superconducting and non-superconducting elements, along with an integrated cryocooler, to achieve some of the bene"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-140--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-140", "High Efficiency Megawatt Motor", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have designed a High Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM), a wound-field partially superconducting machine. The HEMM implements a combination of superconducting and non-superconducting elements, along with an integrated cryocooler, to achieve some of the bene"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-141", "LEW-TOPS-141", "Aerogel Reinforced Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed a method for fabricating low-density, flexible aerogel composites for use as thermal insulation for myriad applications. It is ideal for a variety of environments that require insulation materials that can withstand temperatures of up to 1200°C. This "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-141--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-141", "Aerogel Reinforced Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed a method for fabricating low-density, flexible aerogel composites for use as thermal insulation for myriad applications. It is ideal for a variety of environments that require insulation materials that can withstand temperatures of up to 1200°C. This "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-142", "LEW-TOPS-142", "Compact Full-Field Ion Detector System (CFIDS)", "sensors", "GRC", "Space radiation, or \"space weather\" comes in different forms from a variety of sources. High energy X-rays, gamma rays, and other ionizing radiation, in the form of subatomic particles and ionized atoms, can be produced by black hole activity, new star formation, and even via lightning from thunders"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-142--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-142", "Compact Full-Field Ion Detector System (CFIDS)", "sensors", "GRC", "Space radiation, or \"space weather\" comes in different forms from a variety of sources. High energy X-rays, gamma rays, and other ionizing radiation, in the form of subatomic particles and ionized atoms, can be produced by black hole activity, new star formation, and even via lightning from thunders"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-143", "LEW-TOPS-143", "Solar Cell Health Monitoring", "instrumentation", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a method and apparatus for in situ health monitoring of solar cells. The innovation is a novel approach to solar cell monitoring, as it is radiation-hard, consumes few system resources, and uses commercially available components. The system operates at temp"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-143--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-143", "Solar Cell Health Monitoring", "instrumentation", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a method and apparatus for in situ health monitoring of solar cells. The innovation is a novel approach to solar cell monitoring, as it is radiation-hard, consumes few system resources, and uses commercially available components. The system operates at temp"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-144", "LEW-TOPS-144", "High-Strength Superelastic Compounds", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a new method for producing a shock- and corrosion-proof superelastic intermetallic materials including NiTiNOL 60 (60NiTi) for use in ball bearings and other mechanical components. These superelastic materials can withstand tremendous loads and stresses wit"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-144--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-144", "High-Strength Superelastic Compounds", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a new method for producing a shock- and corrosion-proof superelastic intermetallic materials including NiTiNOL 60 (60NiTi) for use in ball bearings and other mechanical components. These superelastic materials can withstand tremendous loads and stresses wit"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-146", "LEW-TOPS-146", "Advanced Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center, in conjunction with Case Western Reserve University, have designed the Supercritical Water Oxidation - Flame Piloted Vortex (SCWO-FPV) Reactor. The SCWO-FPV Reactor operates at temperatures and pressures above the thermodynamic critical point of water, e"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-146--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-146", "Advanced Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center, in conjunction with Case Western Reserve University, have designed the Supercritical Water Oxidation - Flame Piloted Vortex (SCWO-FPV) Reactor. The SCWO-FPV Reactor operates at temperatures and pressures above the thermodynamic critical point of water, e"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-147", "LEW-TOPS-147", "Vortex Radiometer for Wireless Communications", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Vortex Radiometer (VR), an early-warning system for communication antennas that identifies atmospheric noise before it reaches the antenna and then optimizes mitigation strategies. Communication links are subject to atmospheric effects "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-147--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-147", "Vortex Radiometer for Wireless Communications", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Vortex Radiometer (VR), an early-warning system for communication antennas that identifies atmospheric noise before it reaches the antenna and then optimizes mitigation strategies. Communication links are subject to atmospheric effects "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-148", "LEW-TOPS-148", "Cascaded Offset Optical Modulator", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Cascaded Offset Optical Modulator, an electro-optic subsystem used to interface a binary output Software Defined Radio (SDR) to an optical transmission system. Traditionally, this task is accomplished through the use of a Mach Zehnder M"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-148--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-148", "Cascaded Offset Optical Modulator", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Cascaded Offset Optical Modulator, an electro-optic subsystem used to interface a binary output Software Defined Radio (SDR) to an optical transmission system. Traditionally, this task is accomplished through the use of a Mach Zehnder M"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-150", "LEW-TOPS-150", "Soft Magnetic Nanocomposite for High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center developed a novel nanocomposite soft magnetic material for use in power electronics. The material maintains near room-temperature attributes of available soft magnetics, such as Hitachi Metals' FINEMET®, while surpassing these materials in temperature capab"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-150--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-150", "Soft Magnetic Nanocomposite for High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center developed a novel nanocomposite soft magnetic material for use in power electronics. The material maintains near room-temperature attributes of available soft magnetics, such as Hitachi Metals' FINEMET®, while surpassing these materials in temperature capab"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-151", "LEW-TOPS-151", "Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Medium Entropy Alloy", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new oxide dispersion strengthened medium entropy alloy (ODS-MEA) using additive manufacturing (AM). ODS alloys, in which nano-scale ceramic particles are distributed within the metal, were originally developed to enhance mechanical proper"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-152", "LEW-TOPS-152", "High-Temperature Ni-Based Superalloy Composition", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a nickel-based superalloy using specific alloying elements to inhibit deleterious deformation at temperatures above 700°C. The drive for energy efficiency in power generation and propulsion places the development of high-performance materia"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-152--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-152", "High-Temperature Ni-Based Superalloy Composition", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a nickel-based superalloy using specific alloying elements to inhibit deleterious deformation at temperatures above 700°C. The drive for energy efficiency in power generation and propulsion places the development of high-performance materia"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-153", "LEW-TOPS-153", "Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Enabled Actuators", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA Glenn pioneered and matured SMAs to enable future aircraft with morphing airfoil surfaces and adaptive wings that fold to respond to different flight condition demands. SMAs are functional metals with unique properties that can go through solid-state phase transformations—stretch"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-153--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-153", "Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Enabled Actuators", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA Glenn pioneered and matured SMAs to enable future aircraft with morphing airfoil surfaces and adaptive wings that fold to respond to different flight condition demands. SMAs are functional metals with unique properties that can go through solid-state phase transformations—stretch"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-154", "LEW-TOPS-154", "Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotube Yarn Hybrid Reinforcement", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a toughened hybrid reinforcement material made from carbon fiber and carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn for use in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The new material improves toughness and damping properties of PMCs, enhancing impact resistance, fa"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-154--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-154", "Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotube Yarn Hybrid Reinforcement", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a toughened hybrid reinforcement material made from carbon fiber and carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn for use in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The new material improves toughness and damping properties of PMCs, enhancing impact resistance, fa"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-155", "LEW-TOPS-155", "Conformal, Lightweight, Aerogel-Based Antenna", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Conformal, Lightweight Antenna for Aeronautical Communications Technology (CLAS-ACT), an active phased array antenna for Ku-band satellite communications on a mobile platform such as a UAV. The CLAS-ACT was developed for UAVs that requi"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-155--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-155", "Conformal, Lightweight, Aerogel-Based Antenna", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Conformal, Lightweight Antenna for Aeronautical Communications Technology (CLAS-ACT), an active phased array antenna for Ku-band satellite communications on a mobile platform such as a UAV. The CLAS-ACT was developed for UAVs that requi"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-156", "LEW-TOPS-156", "Combined Pressure and Temperature Sensor for Hot Harsh Environments", "sensors", "GRC", "Accurate and reliable pressure data is fundamental for monitoring engine health for the safe and efficient operation of high performance engines. Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a single pressure and temperature sensor system that provides in-situ data in harsh operating en"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-156--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-156", "Combined Pressure and Temperature Sensor for Hot Harsh Environments", "sensors", "GRC", "Accurate and reliable pressure data is fundamental for monitoring engine health for the safe and efficient operation of high performance engines. Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a single pressure and temperature sensor system that provides in-situ data in harsh operating en"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-157", "LEW-TOPS-157", "Power Processing Unit (PPU) for Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASAs Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thruste"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-157--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-157", "Power Processing Unit (PPU) for Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-158", "LEW-TOPS-158", "High Propellant Throughput Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion Thruster", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASAs Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thruste"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-158--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-158", "High Propellant Throughput Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion Thruster", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-159", "LEW-TOPS-159", "Anode Manifold Plug for Hall Effect Thrusters", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-159--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-159", "Anode Manifold Plug for Hall Effect Thrusters", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-16", "LEW-TOPS-16", "Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA)", "health medicine and biotechnology", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed the Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA) to provide highly precise real-time measurements of human metabolic functions. PUMA is a battery-powered, wearable device that measures concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen in inhaled and exhaled breath"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-16--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-16", "Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA)", "health medicine and biotechnology", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed the Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA) to provide highly precise real-time measurements of human metabolic functions. PUMA is a battery-powered, wearable device that measures concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen in inhaled and exhaled breath"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-160", "LEW-TOPS-160", "Robust High Temperature SiC Op Amps Practical Fabrication", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "NASA Glenn has a new way to correct for variations in transistor threshold voltage due to die location on the wafer for silicon carbide (SiC) op amps, enabling improved electrical circuits for sensor signal conditioning in harsh environments. Important system-level benefits are enabled by improved p"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-160--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-160", "Robust High Temperature SiC Op Amps – Practical Fabrication", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "NASA Glenn has a new way to correct for variations in transistor threshold voltage due to die location on the wafer for silicon carbide (SiC) op amps, enabling improved electrical circuits for sensor signal conditioning in harsh environments. Important system-level benefits are enabled by improved p"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-161", "LEW-TOPS-161", "Shape Memory Alloy Tubular Structure", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) have developed a next-generation, non-pneumatic, compliant tire structure based on shape memory alloy (SMA) elements. This new structure builds upon previous work related to airless tires that were designed for rovers used in planetary exploration. Th"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-161--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-161", "Shape Memory Alloy Tubular Structure", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) have developed a next-generation, non-pneumatic, compliant tire structure based on shape memory alloy (SMA) elements. This new structure builds upon previous work related to airless tires that were designed for rovers used in planetary exploration. Th"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-162", "LEW-TOPS-162", "Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion (SSEP) Technology Suite", "propulsion", "GRC", "The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has expertise in small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP). NASA's SSEP project is developing technologies critical to expanding spacecraft capabilities and enabling ambitious new missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exce"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-162--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-162", "Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion (SSEP) Technology Suite", "propulsion", "GRC", "The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has expertise in small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP). NASA's SSEP project is developing technologies critical to expanding spacecraft capabilities and enabling ambitious new missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exce"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-163", "LEW-TOPS-163", "Optical Transceiver Method of QKD Encryption Suite of Technologies", "communications", "GRC", "Overview The process of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) produces variable length symmetric bit strings at both communication nodes for each QKD operation. This system combines several technologies developed at NASA’s Glenn Research Center to create a secure, practical, and efficient optical transceiv"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-163--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-163", "Optical Transceiver Method of QKD Encryption Suite of Technologies", "communications", "GRC", "Overview The process of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) produces variable length symmetric bit strings at both communication nodes for each QKD operation. This system combines several technologies developed at NASA’s Glenn Research Center to create a secure, practical, and efficient optical transceiv"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-165", "LEW-TOPS-165", "Portable Laser-Guided Robotic Metrology (PLGRM)", "instrumentation", "GRC", "Antennas are used in many industries and products where quality and reliability are crucial. Testing aircraft antennas is challenging since optimal tests are made after antenna installation. Aircraft are often taken to anechoic antenna test facilities which create long lead times, transportation has"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-165--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-165", "Portable Laser-Guided Robotic Metrology (PLGRM)", "instrumentation", "GRC", "Antennas are used in many industries and products where quality and reliability are crucial. Testing aircraft antennas is challenging since optimal tests are made after antenna installation. Aircraft are often taken to anechoic antenna test facilities which create long lead times, transportation has"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-167", "LEW-TOPS-167", "SABERS: Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Portfolio", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "SABERS (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) is a portfolio of innovations developed collaboratively by NASA's Glenn, Langley, and Ames Research Centers that addresses fundamental challenges in solid-state battery technology. Solid-state batteries replace the f"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-167--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-167", "SABERS: Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Portfolio", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "SABERS (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) is a portfolio of innovations developed collaboratively by NASA's Glenn, Langley, and Ames Research Centers that addresses fundamental challenges in solid-state battery technology. Solid-state batteries replace the f"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-168", "LEW-TOPS-168", "Next Generation “Closed Strayton” Engine Design", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s Glenn Research Center introduces the “Closed Strayton” generator design to efficiently deliver lightweight and sustainable electric power for clean energy applications. Optimized for hydrogen-based, zero-emission electrified aircraft propulsion from kW to MW range, the design builds on the co"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-168--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-168", "Next Generation “Closed Strayton” Engine Design", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s Glenn Research Center introduces the “Closed Strayton” generator design to efficiently deliver lightweight and sustainable electric power for clean energy applications. Optimized for hydrogen-based, zero-emission electrified aircraft propulsion from kW to MW range, the design builds on the co"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-169", "LEW-TOPS-169", "Enhanced DC Bus Emulator", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "DC bus emulators are verification testing tools that emulate power load dynamics of entire power systems, subsystems, and individual loads. Due to limitations of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS )hardware, it is challenging and costly to evaluate the loads of complex systems using hardware alone. Inno"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-169--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-169", "Enhanced DC Bus Emulator", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "DC bus emulators are verification testing tools that emulate power load dynamics of entire power systems, subsystems, and individual loads. Due to limitations of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS )hardware, it is challenging and costly to evaluate the loads of complex systems using hardware alone. Inno"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-170", "LEW-TOPS-170", "High-Speed Droplet Generator", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Current methods for generating water droplets often require a tradeoff between droplet size and velocity. Small, atomized droplets can be accelerated to high speeds, while larger droplets tend to move slowly. This technology offers the best of both worlds: generating relatively large water droplets "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-170--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-170", "High-Speed Droplet Generator", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Current methods for generating water droplets often require a tradeoff between droplet size and velocity. Small, atomized droplets can be accelerated to high speeds, while larger droplets tend to move slowly. This technology offers the best of both worlds: generating relatively large water droplets "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-171", "LEW-TOPS-171", "Rapid Aerogel Prototyping Using 3D Printing", "manufacturing", "GRC", "Inventors at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel rapid prototyping methodology for the additive manufacturing of polymer aerogels through 3D printing within a viscous sacrificial support medium. This approach overcomes longstanding limitations associated with the processing of ultra–"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-171--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-171", "Rapid Aerogel Prototyping Using 3D Printing", "manufacturing", "GRC", "Inventors at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel rapid prototyping methodology for the additive manufacturing of polymer aerogels through 3D printing within a viscous sacrificial support medium. This approach overcomes longstanding limitations associated with the processing of ultra–"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-172", "LEW-TOPS-172", "Rapid Fabrication of Boron Nitride Fine Fibers", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanofibers have become an area of significant interest to industry given their combination of unique characteristics including excellent thermal conductivity, high electrical resistivity, chemical inertness, light weight, and mechanical strength. Potential applications"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-172--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-172", "Rapid Fabrication of Boron Nitride Fine Fibers", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanofibers have become an area of significant interest to industry given their combination of unique characteristics including excellent thermal conductivity, high electrical resistivity, chemical inertness, light weight, and mechanical strength. Potential applications"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-173", "LEW-TOPS-173", "Innovative Shape Memory Metal Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new family of shape memory alloys that are strengthened by incorporating ceramic or refractory nanoparticles into the alloy. The resulting material is referred to as a shape memory metal matrix composite or SM3C. The new dispersion-stren"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-173--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-173", "Innovative Shape Memory Metal Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new family of shape memory alloys that are strengthened by incorporating ceramic or refractory nanoparticles into the alloy. The resulting material is referred to as a shape memory metal matrix composite or SM3C. The new dispersion-stren"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-174", "LEW-TOPS-174", "Precipitation Strengthened Ni-Ti-Pd Shape Memory Alloys", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Inventors at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a set of chemistries and processing methods to enable improved shape memory alloys (SMAs) through precipitation strengthening and crystallographic phase control. These chemistries and methods yield SMAs with higher strengths, low thermal hys"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-174--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-174", "Precipitation Strengthened Ni-Ti-Pd Shape Memory Alloys", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Inventors at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a set of chemistries and processing methods to enable improved shape memory alloys (SMAs) through precipitation strengthening and crystallographic phase control. These chemistries and methods yield SMAs with higher strengths, low thermal hys"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-175", "LEW-TOPS-175", "Economical, On-Demand GRCop Alloy Production", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new method to make high-performance GRCop alloys. This technology enables in-situ alloying of GRCop, a copper-chromium-niobium alloy, during additive manufacturing using only elemental metal powders instead of expensive pre-alloyed powders. "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-175--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-175", "Economical, On-Demand GRCop Alloy Production", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new method to make high-performance GRCop alloys. This technology enables in-situ alloying of GRCop, a copper-chromium-niobium alloy, during additive manufacturing using only elemental metal powders instead of expensive pre-alloyed powders. "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-176", "LEW-TOPS-176", "Carbon Capture Filter", "environment", "GRC", "On the International Space Station (ISS), the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) serves as a waste recovery system, air revitalization system, and oxygen generation system. Recently, Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) technology, a supporting technology for CO2 chemical reduction tha"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-176--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-176", "Carbon Capture Filter", "environment", "GRC", "On the International Space Station (ISS), the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) serves as a waste recovery system, air revitalization system, and oxygen generation system. Recently, Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) technology, a supporting technology for CO2 chemical reduction tha"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-177", "LEW-TOPS-177", "3D Printable Polymer Aerogels Using a Two-Pot Dual Solvent Method", "manufacturing", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a two-pot, dual-solvent system to overcome long-standing manufacturing challenges associated with 3D printed aerogels. These ultralight, porous materials are known for their exceptional thermal, acoustic, and vibration insulation properties."], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-177--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-177", "3D Printable Polymer Aerogels Using a Two-Pot Dual Solvent Method", "manufacturing", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a two-pot, dual-solvent system to overcome long-standing manufacturing challenges associated with 3D printed aerogels. These ultralight, porous materials are known for their exceptional thermal, acoustic, and vibration insulation properties."], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-178", "LEW-TOPS-178", "Boosting Quantum Communication Efficiency", "communications", "GRC", "NASA’s new source array may help revolutionize quantum communication by addressing a fundamental challenge: the unwanted production of multiple entangled photon pairs that introduce noise and degrade transmission. This innovative quantum entanglement source array generates single pairs of entangled "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-178--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-178", "Boosting Quantum Communication Efficiency", "communications", "GRC", "NASA’s new source array may help revolutionize quantum communication by addressing a fundamental challenge: the unwanted production of multiple entangled photon pairs that introduce noise and degrade transmission. This innovative quantum entanglement source array generates single pairs of entangled "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-179", "LEW-TOPS-179", "Advanced Materials for Electronics Insulation", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Electrical insulation materials for wires and other high-power electronics must have the additional property of high thermal conductivity to adequately dissipate heat from critical electrical components. The typical insulating materials are polymers, which are not sufficiently thermally conductive f"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-179--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-179", "Advanced Materials for Electronics Insulation", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Electrical insulation materials for wires and other high-power electronics must have the additional property of high thermal conductivity to adequately dissipate heat from critical electrical components. The typical insulating materials are polymers, which are not sufficiently thermally conductive f"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-180", "LEW-TOPS-180", "Improving Hybrid Electric Propulsion Efficiency", "propulsion", "GRC", "Propulsion system engineers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a novel method for increasing the efficiency of electrically driven propulsors by improving the range of operability against stall. Stall affects both compressor and propulsion fans and can be induced from a variety of operat"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-180--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-180", "Improving Hybrid Electric Propulsion Efficiency", "propulsion", "GRC", "Propulsion system engineers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a novel method for increasing the efficiency of electrically driven propulsors by improving the range of operability against stall. Stall affects both compressor and propulsion fans and can be induced from a variety of operat"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-181", "LEW-TOPS-181", "Universal Power Converter for a Lunar Power Grid", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s Universal Modular Interface Converter (UMIC) innovation is a bidirectional AC/DC power converter designed to connect lunar surface power assets and enable power sharing over long distances between sources (e.g. solar) and loads. The UMIC module is intended to be lightweight and readily deploy"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-181--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-181", "Universal Power Converter for a Lunar Power Grid", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s Universal Modular Interface Converter (UMIC) innovation is a bidirectional AC/DC power converter designed to connect lunar surface power assets and enable power sharing over long distances between sources (e.g. solar) and loads. The UMIC module is intended to be lightweight and readily deploy"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-182", "LEW-TOPS-182", "CryoQuad", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Meeting the cooling demands of megawatt-scale superconducting systems, high-power fuel cells, and other cryogenic applications has long been limited by the mass, complexity, and capacity of traditional cryocoolers. CryoQuad, developed by innovators at NASA Glenn Research Center, is a high-efficiency"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-182--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-182", "CryoQuad", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Meeting the cooling demands of megawatt-scale superconducting systems, high-power fuel cells, and other cryogenic applications has long been limited by the mass, complexity, and capacity of traditional cryocoolers. CryoQuad, developed by innovators at NASA Glenn Research Center, is a high-efficiency"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-183", "LEW-TOPS-183", "Capacitive Impedance Water Ice Sensor (CIWIS)", "sensors", "GRC", "Ice accumulation on an aircraft’s surface poses a serious safety risk, causing stalls and crashes due to the distortion of the smooth flow of air necessary to maintain lift. There are a variety of sensors commonly used to identify materials collecting on the surface of an aircraft, however, they all"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-183--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-183", "Capacitive Impedance Water Ice Sensor (CIWIS)", "sensors", "GRC", "Ice accumulation on an aircraft’s surface poses a serious safety risk, causing stalls and crashes due to the distortion of the smooth flow of air necessary to maintain lift. There are a variety of sensors commonly used to identify materials collecting on the surface of an aircraft, however, they all"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-184", "LEW-TOPS-184", "Electrolyte for Aluminum-Air Batteries", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Aviation electrification requires energy storage that is both lightweight and exceptionally powerful, especially for emergency and backup applications where mission success is dependent on sustained reliability. Conventional batteries struggle to provide the combination of high energy density and in"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-184--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-184", "Electrolyte for Aluminum-Air Batteries", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Aviation electrification requires energy storage that is both lightweight and exceptionally powerful, especially for emergency and backup applications where mission success is dependent on sustained reliability. Conventional batteries struggle to provide the combination of high energy density and in"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-185", "LEW-TOPS-185", "Efficient Megawatt-Scale Cable for Electric Aircraft Propulsion", "propulsion", "GRC", "The electrification of aircraft is constrained by the limitations of conventional cabling. Transmitting megawatt-scale power requires cables that are not only lightweight but also capable of maintaining efficiency and insulation integrity at high altitudes. Standard high-voltage cables add excessive"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-185--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-185", "Efficient Megawatt-Scale Cable for Electric Aircraft Propulsion", "propulsion", "GRC", "The electrification of aircraft is constrained by the limitations of conventional cabling. Transmitting megawatt-scale power requires cables that are not only lightweight but also capable of maintaining efficiency and insulation integrity at high altitudes. Standard high-voltage cables add excessive"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-186", "LEW-TOPS-186", "Mixed Conducting Cathodes and Dense Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s SABERS 2.0 (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) project aims to improve the state of the art for battery efficiency, power, and safety. Current lithium-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes that connect to the active material. However, these electrolyte"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-186--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-186", "Mixed Conducting Cathodes and Dense Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s SABERS 2.0 (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) project aims to improve the state of the art for battery efficiency, power, and safety. Current lithium-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes that connect to the active material. However, these electrolyte"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-187", "LEW-TOPS-187", "Isostatically Pressurized and Lightweight Cell Case for Solid-State Batteries", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "The SABERS 2.0 (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) portfolio is a collection of innovations focused on improving solid-state battery performance and safety. Solid-state batteries display several improvements over traditional lithium-ion batteries and have bee"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-187--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-187", "Isostatically Pressurized and Lightweight Cell Case for Solid-State Batteries", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "The SABERS 2.0 (Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety) portfolio is a collection of innovations focused on improving solid-state battery performance and safety. Solid-state batteries display several improvements over traditional lithium-ion batteries and have bee"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-188", "LEW-TOPS-188", "Next-Generation Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Portfolio (SABERS 2.0)", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center and Langley Research Center have been developing further advancements to the foundational work in solid-state battery development from the SABERS project (LEW-TOPS-167). Building on SABERS' achievement of energy densities over 500 W-hr/kg, the SABERS 2.0 po"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-188--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-188", "Next-Generation Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Portfolio (SABERS 2.0)", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center and Langley Research Center have been developing further advancements to the foundational work in solid-state battery development from the SABERS project (LEW-TOPS-167). Building on SABERS' achievement of energy densities over 500 W-hr/kg, the SABERS 2.0 po"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-189", "LEW-TOPS-189", "Cost-Effective DC Source Emulator for Microgrid Testing", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Testing complex DC microgrid systems traditionally requires recreating entire power architectures with actual hardware copies, a process that can take months or years and cost millions of dollars. This is especially challenging in aerospace applications where specialty components are expensive, scar"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-189--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-189", "Cost-Effective DC Source Emulator for Microgrid Testing", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Testing complex DC microgrid systems traditionally requires recreating entire power architectures with actual hardware copies, a process that can take months or years and cost millions of dollars. This is especially challenging in aerospace applications where specialty components are expensive, scar"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-19", "LEW-TOPS-19", "Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor", "instrumentation", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed the Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor (MPASS), an aerosol-detection system that characterizes atmospheric particles, enabling real-time environmental monitoring often critical for public safety. This optical sensor is superior to the "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-19--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-19", "Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor", "instrumentation", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed the Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor (MPASS), an aerosol-detection system that characterizes atmospheric particles, enabling real-time environmental monitoring often critical for public safety. This optical sensor is superior to the "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-190", "LEW-TOPS-190", "High-Fidelity Deterministic Entangled Photon Source", "communications", "GRC", "Quantum networks rely on entangled photon pairs to distribute information securely across long distances, but today’s most practical sources of entanglement are inherently probabilistic. Traditional spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources suffer from vacuum states (no photons generated"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-190--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-190", "High-Fidelity Deterministic Entangled Photon Source", "communications", "GRC", "Quantum networks rely on entangled photon pairs to distribute information securely across long distances, but today’s most practical sources of entanglement are inherently probabilistic. Traditional spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources suffer from vacuum states (no photons generated"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-191", "LEW-TOPS-191", "Dispersion Enhanced Aluminum Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "High-strength aluminum alloys have long been central to aerospace structures, offering an exceptional combination of low density and superior mechanical performance. However, their broader adoption has been constrained by persistent challenges related to weldability and solidification cracking. Many"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-191--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-191", "Dispersion Enhanced Aluminum Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "High-strength aluminum alloys have long been central to aerospace structures, offering an exceptional combination of low density and superior mechanical performance. However, their broader adoption has been constrained by persistent challenges related to weldability and solidification cracking. Many"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-192", "LEW-TOPS-192", "Helmholtz Electric Machine", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Electric aircraft require improved energy storage and motor efficiency. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) offer motor efficiencies exceeding 99%, but their thin tape geometry creates a barrier. In conventional motors, magnetic fields often orient perpendicular to the HTS tape's wide surface, ca"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-192--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-192", "Helmholtz Electric Machine", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Electric aircraft require improved energy storage and motor efficiency. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) offer motor efficiencies exceeding 99%, but their thin tape geometry creates a barrier. In conventional motors, magnetic fields often orient perpendicular to the HTS tape's wide surface, ca"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-193", "LEW-TOPS-193", "GRC103y: Nano-Yttria Strengthened C103 for Additive Manufacturing", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "High-temperature aerospace applications demand materials that maintain exceptional strength and creep resistance in extreme thermal environments. The commercially available niobium-based C103 alloy has traditionally served these applications due to its high-temperature capabilities and formability. "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-193--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-193", "GRC103y: Nano-Yttria Strengthened C103 for Additive Manufacturing", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "High-temperature aerospace applications demand materials that maintain exceptional strength and creep resistance in extreme thermal environments. The commercially available niobium-based C103 alloy has traditionally served these applications due to its high-temperature capabilities and formability. "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-194", "LEW-TOPS-194", "Polymer/Melamine Aerogel Composites for Vibro-Acoustic Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Launch and flight systems face severe vibro-acoustic loads and tight thermal requirements. Conventional damping mats and bulky absorbers add mass and take up space, and rarely address airborne noise and structure-borne vibration together. Current approaches rely on heavy metal composite layers for d"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-194--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-194", "Polymer/Melamine Aerogel Composites for Vibro-Acoustic Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Launch and flight systems face severe vibro-acoustic loads and tight thermal requirements. Conventional damping mats and bulky absorbers add mass and take up space, and rarely address airborne noise and structure-borne vibration together. Current approaches rely on heavy metal composite layers for d"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-198", "LEW-TOPS-198", "Phase Transformation Strengthened Disk Alloy for Commercial Application", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "High-temperature rotating machinery depends on nickel-based superalloys, such as Inconel®, that can endure sustained stress in hot sections without creeping out of tolerance. However, modern nickel-based superalloys cannot keep up with advancements in efficiency and temperatures of proposed turbine "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-198--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-198", "Phase Transformation Strengthened Disk Alloy for Commercial Application", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "High-temperature rotating machinery depends on nickel-based superalloys, such as Inconel®, that can endure sustained stress in hot sections without creeping out of tolerance. However, modern nickel-based superalloys cannot keep up with advancements in efficiency and temperatures of proposed turbine "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-199", "LEW-TOPS-199", "Additively Manufactured Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel for Nuclear and High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Advanced nuclear energy systems require materials that endure extreme temperatures and intense radiation while maintaining structural integrity. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels incorporate nanoscale ceramic particles to enhance high-temperature mechanical properties and radiation toleranc"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-199--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-199", "Additively Manufactured Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel for Nuclear and High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Advanced nuclear energy systems require materials that endure extreme temperatures and intense radiation while maintaining structural integrity. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels incorporate nanoscale ceramic particles to enhance high-temperature mechanical properties and radiation toleranc"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-20", "LEW-TOPS-20", "Polymer Cross-Linked Aerogels (X-Aerogels)", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed and produced ultra-lightweight polymer cross-linked aerogels (X-Aerogels). These mechanically robust, highly porous, low-density materials are 3 times denser than native aerogels, but more than 100 times stronger. Aerogels are ultra-lightweight glass "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-20--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-20", "Polymer Cross-Linked Aerogels (X-Aerogels)", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed and produced ultra-lightweight polymer cross-linked aerogels (X-Aerogels). These mechanically robust, highly porous, low-density materials are 3 times denser than native aerogels, but more than 100 times stronger. Aerogels are ultra-lightweight glass "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-200", "LEW-TOPS-200", "Suppression of Jet Noise for a Plug Nozzle Using Porosity on the Plug Surface", "aerospace", "GRC", "Future commercial supersonic aircraft need propulsion systems with significantly lower landing and takeoff (LTO) noise to meet strict environmental regulations. While plug nozzles offer excellent aerodynamic efficiency, conventional solid plug designs generate severe aberrant noise at off-design pre"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-200--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-200", "Suppression of Jet Noise for a Plug Nozzle Using Porosity on the Plug Surface", "aerospace", "GRC", "Future commercial supersonic aircraft need propulsion systems with significantly lower landing and takeoff (LTO) noise to meet strict environmental regulations. While plug nozzles offer excellent aerodynamic efficiency, conventional solid plug designs generate severe aberrant noise at off-design pre"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-23", "LEW-TOPS-23", "Fuel Cell Power Management", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "An innovation from NASA's Glenn Research Center increases the efficiency and versatility of fuel cell stacks for power generation. When there is a large increase in the power demand from a fuel cell system, the voltage of the fuel cell system decreases, sometimes below the lowest acceptable threshol"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-23--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-23", "Fuel Cell Power Management", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "An innovation from NASA's Glenn Research Center increases the efficiency and versatility of fuel cell stacks for power generation. When there is a large increase in the power demand from a fuel cell system, the voltage of the fuel cell system decreases, sometimes below the lowest acceptable threshol"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-24", "LEW-TOPS-24", "NanoWire Glass Switch for Radio Frequency", "communications", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed nanoionics-based radio frequency (RF) switches for use in devices that rely on low power RF transmissions, such as automotive systems, RFID technology, and smart phones. These groundbreaking nanoionic switches operate at speeds of semiconductor switches and"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-24--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-24", "NanoWire Glass Switch for Radio Frequency", "communications", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed nanoionics-based radio frequency (RF) switches for use in devices that rely on low power RF transmissions, such as automotive systems, RFID technology, and smart phones. These groundbreaking nanoionic switches operate at speeds of semiconductor switches and"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-25", "LEW-TOPS-25", "Silicon Carbide (SiC) Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have conducted leading-edge research toward the development of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers and SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) that can be used in high-temperature structural applications, such as hot components in gas turbine engines. Glenn has g"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-25--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-25", "Silicon Carbide (SiC) Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have conducted leading-edge research toward the development of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers and SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) that can be used in high-temperature structural applications, such as hot components in gas turbine engines. Glenn has g"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-27", "LEW-TOPS-27", "Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a polymer matrix composite composed of layers that alternate between a thin carbon fiber veil layer coated with nanotubes and a thicker base carbon fiber reinforcement layer. The alternating fiber layers are held together by a curable epoxy r"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-27--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-27", "Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a polymer matrix composite composed of layers that alternate between a thin carbon fiber veil layer coated with nanotubes and a thicker base carbon fiber reinforcement layer. The alternating fiber layers are held together by a curable epoxy r"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-31", "LEW-TOPS-31", "Polyamide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Sometimes referred to as \"solid smoke,\" aerogels are the world's lightest solid materials, composed of approximately 85% air by volume. Polyamide aerogels open up a whole new world of applications due to their unique properties: translucent like silica aerogels; thermoplastic; ultra-low density; sup"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-31--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-31", "Polyamide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Sometimes referred to as \"solid smoke,\" aerogels are the world's lightest solid materials , composed of approximately 85% air by volume. Polyamide aerogels open up a whole new world of applications due to their unique properties: translucent like silica aerogels; thermoplastic; ultra-low density; su"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-32", "LEW-TOPS-32", "How to Train Shape Memory Alloys", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Shape memory alloys (SMAs), sometimes known as \"smart metals,\" provide a lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional actuators and switches, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, or motor-based systems. To function properly, SMAs must be \"trained\" to return to a previous form when heated, and innov"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-32--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-32", "How to Train Shape Memory Alloys", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Shape memory alloys (SMAs), sometimes known as \"smart metals,\" provide a lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional actuators and switches, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, or motor-based systems. To function properly, SMAs must be \"trained\" to return to a previous form when heated, and innov"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-33", "LEW-TOPS-33", "Integrated Circuit Chips", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new generation of silicon carbide (SiC) logic and mixed signal integrated circuits (ICs), unprecedented in the field of high-temperature electronics. Previously, SiC ICs could not withstand more than a few hours of 500°C temperatures before"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-33--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-33", "Integrated Circuit Chips", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new generation of silicon carbide (SiC) logic and mixed signal integrated circuits (ICs), unprecedented in the field of high-temperature electronics. Previously, SiC ICs could not withstand more than a few hours of 500°C temperatures before"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-34", "LEW-TOPS-34", "Hall Effect Thruster Technologies", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed new technologies that increase the operational lifetime of a Hall effect thruster (HET), which is used primarily on Earth-orbiting satellites and can also be used for deep-space robotic vehicles. The operational lifetime of HETs is determined"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-34--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-34", "Hall Effect Thruster Technologies", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed new technologies that increase the operational lifetime of a Hall effect thruster (HET), which is used primarily on Earth-orbiting satellites and can also be used for deep-space robotic vehicles. The operational lifetime of HETs is determined"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-47", "LEW-TOPS-47", "Dynamic Range Enhancement of High-Speed Data Acquisition Systems", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a technique using reversible non-linear amplitude compression to overcome hardware limitations of common high-speed data acquisition systems. The NASA Glenn technique measures electronic signals with high dynamic range, wide bandwidth, and hi"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-47--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-47", "Dynamic Range Enhancement of High-Speed Data Acquisition Systems", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a technique using reversible non-linear amplitude compression to overcome hardware limitations of common high-speed data acquisition systems. The NASA Glenn technique measures electronic signals with high dynamic range, wide bandwidth, and hi"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-50", "LEW-TOPS-50", "High-Efficiency Solar Cell", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a high-efficiency multi-junction solar cell that uses a thin interlayer of selenium as the bonding material between wafers. Selenium is a unique semiconductor in that its transparent to light at photon energies below the band gap (infrared), "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-50--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-50", "High-Efficiency Solar Cell", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a high-efficiency multi-junction solar cell that uses a thin interlayer of selenium as the bonding material between wafers. Selenium is a unique semiconductor in that its transparent to light at photon energies below the band gap (infrared), "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-52", "LEW-TOPS-52", "New Concepts in Film Cooling for Turbine Blades", "aerospace", "GRC", "To run at maximum efficiency, turbine engines often experience temperatures of more than 2000 degrees Kelvin, and these elevated temperatures can lead to compromised integrity and failure of the blades. One method for addressing this problem is film cooling, in which cool air is bled from the compre"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-52--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-52", "New Concepts in Film Cooling for Turbine Blades", "aerospace", "GRC", "To run at maximum efficiency, turbine engines often experience temperatures of more than 2000 degrees Kelvin, and these elevated temperatures can lead to compromised integrity and failure of the blades. One method for addressing this problem is film cooling, in which cool air is bled from the compre"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-60", "LEW-TOPS-60", "Luminescence-Based Temperature Mapping and Sensing Systems", "sensors", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed non-contact, ultra-bright luminescence-based surface temperature mapping and sensing systems capable of operating in environments with extremely high thermal radiation. This is accomplished through the use of a unique chromium-doped gadolinium aluminate (Cr"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-60--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-60", "Luminescence-Based Temperature Mapping and Sensing Systems", "sensors", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed non-contact, ultra-bright luminescence-based surface temperature mapping and sensing systems capable of operating in environments with extremely high thermal radiation. This is accomplished through the use of a unique chromium-doped gadolinium aluminate (Cr"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-62", "LEW-TOPS-62", "Rare Earth Aluminate Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Bearing surfaces are typically either metal-on-metal (MOM), ceramic-on-ceramic (COC), or metal-on-polyethylene (MOP). MOM and MOP couplings have the drawback that metallic or polyethylene particles can sometimes separate from the couplings, which can cause significant problems, particularly in a hip"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-62--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-62", "Rare Earth Aluminate Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Bearing surfaces are typically either metal-on-metal (MOM), ceramic-on-ceramic (COC), or metal-on-polyethylene (MOP). MOM and MOP couplings have the drawback that metallic or polyethylene particles can sometimes separate from the couplings, which can cause significant problems, particularly in a hip"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-63", "LEW-TOPS-63", "Optical Tunable-Based Transmitter for Multiple High-Frequency Bands", "communications", "GRC", "As the demand grows for more radio frequency (RF) carrier bands in space communication systems, so does the need for a cost-effective compact optical transmitter that is capable of efficiently transmitting multiple RF bands. Traditionally, when a satellite transmits to another satellite or a ground "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-63--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-63", "Optical Tunable-Based Transmitter for Multiple High-Frequency Bands", "communications", "GRC", "As the demand grows for more radio frequency (RF) carrier bands in space communication systems, so does the need for a cost-effective compact optical transmitter that is capable of efficiently transmitting multiple RF bands. Traditionally, when a satellite transmits to another satellite or a ground "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-71", "LEW-TOPS-71", "Low-Power Charged Particle Detector", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a miniature, solid-state radiation detector that can be used in situations where compact size, low weight, and low power consumption are required. Conventional scintillator-based charged particle counters rely upon a glass photomultiplier tub"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-71--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-71", "Low-Power Charged Particle Detector", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a miniature, solid-state radiation detector that can be used in situations where compact size, low weight, and low power consumption are required. Conventional scintillator-based charged particle counters rely upon a glass photomultiplier tub"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-76", "LEW-TOPS-76", "Data Transfer for Multiple Sensor Networks", "instrumentation", "GRC", "At extreme temperatures, few electronic components are available to support intelligent data transfer over a common, linear combining medium such as wire or the airwaves. NASA Glenn's innovation allows the operating frequency of a sensor instrument to be time variant because the sensor is part of th"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-76--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-76", "Data Transfer for Multiple Sensor Networks", "instrumentation", "GRC", "At extreme temperatures, few electronic components are available to support intelligent data transfer over a common, linear combining medium such as wire or the airwaves. NASA Glenn's innovation allows the operating frequency of a sensor instrument to be time variant because the sensor is part of th"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-78", "LEW-TOPS-78", "Inexpensive Microsensor Fabrication Process", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a simple method of fabricating novel microsensors in large quantities using nanostructures as templates. Existing nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes or biological structures, have excellent potential for use in sensor systems but lack c"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-78--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-78", "Inexpensive Microsensor Fabrication Process", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a simple method of fabricating novel microsensors in large quantities using nanostructures as templates. Existing nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes or biological structures, have excellent potential for use in sensor systems but lack c"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-79", "LEW-TOPS-79", "Polymer Electrolyte-Based Ambient Temperature Oxygen Microsensor", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an ambient temperature oxygen microsensor that can be used in fuel-leak and fire-detection applications. Because the technology detects oxygen levels from 7-21% in nitrogen, it also enables environmental and personal health monitoring. Many e"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-79--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-79", "Polymer Electrolyte-Based Ambient Temperature Oxygen Microsensor", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an ambient temperature oxygen microsensor that can be used in fuel-leak and fire-detection applications. Because the technology detects oxygen levels from 7-21% in nitrogen, it also enables environmental and personal health monitoring. Many e"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-80", "LEW-TOPS-80", "Stirling Thermoacoustic Power Converter and Magnetostrictive Alternator", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed two novel technologies that make Stirling engines more efficient and less costly. First, Glenn's thermoacoustic power converter uses sound to turn heat into electric power. Utilizing heat-driven pressures and volume oscillations from thermoac"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-80--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-80", "Stirling Thermoacoustic Power Converter and Magnetostrictive Alternator", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed two novel technologies that make Stirling engines more efficient and less costly. First, Glenn's thermoacoustic power converter uses sound to turn heat into electric power. Utilizing heat-driven pressures and volume oscillations from thermoac"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-82", "LEW-TOPS-82", "Subcutaneous Structure Imager", "health medicine and biotechnology", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center have successfully developed a novel subcutaneous structure imager for locating veins in challenging patient populations, such as juvenile, elderly, dark-skinned, or obese patients. Spurred initially by the needs of pediatric sickle-cell anemia patients in A"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-82--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-82", "Subcutaneous Structure Imager", "health medicine and biotechnology", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center have successfully developed a novel subcutaneous structure imager for locating veins in challenging patient populations, such as juvenile, elderly, dark-skinned, or obese patients. Spurred initially by the needs of pediatric sickle-cell anemia patients in A"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-93", "LEW-TOPS-93", "Multi-Stage Filtration System", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a unique multi-stage filtration system to collect a wide range of particle sizes with minimal filter changes. This breakthrough capability keeps high-efficiency media and devices from becoming overloaded with larger particles. Glenn's system "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-93--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-93", "Multi-Stage Filtration System", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a unique multi-stage filtration system to collect a wide range of particle sizes with minimal filter changes. This breakthrough capability keeps high-efficiency media and devices from becoming overloaded with larger particles. Glenn's system "], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-95", "LEW-TOPS-95", "Tunable Multi-Tone, Multi-Band, High-Frequency Synthesizer", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a multi-tone, multi-band, high frequency synthesizer that enables unprecedented satellite communications and atmospheric studies. Because of the increased congestion at currently used frequency bands, it would be game-changing to open other m"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-95--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-95", "Tunable Multi-Tone, Multi-Band, High-Frequency Synthesizer", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a multi-tone, multi-band, high frequency synthesizer that enables unprecedented satellite communications and atmospheric studies. Because of the increased congestion at currently used frequency bands, it would be game-changing to open other m"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-97", "LEW-TOPS-97", "High-Temperature Single Crystal Preloader", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Many aerospace vehicles require thermal barriers/seals to minimize the flow of hot gases through interfaces in thermal protection systems and propulsion systems where temperatures can exceed 1200°F. One of the primary challenges is maintaining proper sealing contact at elevated temperatures. To addr"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-97--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-97", "High-Temperature Single Crystal Preloader", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Many aerospace vehicles require thermal barriers/seals to minimize the flow of hot gases through interfaces in thermal protection systems and propulsion systems where temperatures can exceed 1200°F. One of the primary challenges is maintaining proper sealing contact at elevated temperatures. To addr"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-99", "LEW-TOPS-99", "Superelastic Tire", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research center have developed a game changing, non-pneumatic, compliant tire. This innovation, called the Superelastic Tire, was developed for future Moon and Mars missions, but is a viable alternative to pneumatic tires here on Earth. This technology represents the lates"], ["patent", "LEW-TOPS-99--LEW-TOPS", "LEW-TOPS-99", "Superelastic Tire", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research center have developed a game changing, non-pneumatic, compliant tire. This innovation, called the Superelastic Tire, was developed for future Moon and Mars missions, but is a viable alternative to pneumatic tires here on Earth. This technology represents the lates"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-100", "MFS-TOPS-100", "Debris-Tolerant Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a Debris-Tolerant Valve designed for use in machines/environments with a large quantity of airborne dust or other contaminants. The invention was created for an atmospheric revitalization system on the International Space Statio"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-100--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-100", "Debris-Tolerant Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a Debris-Tolerant Valve designed for use in machines/environments with a large quantity of airborne dust or other contaminants. The invention was created for an atmospheric revitalization system on the International Space Statio"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-101", "MFS-TOPS-101", "Magnetically Damped Check Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a Magnetically Damped Check Valve for eliminating chatter in passive valve systems. At low flow rates, passive valves often chatter (i.e., slightly open and shut at some frequency). Check valves, for example, are designed for fu"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-101--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-101", "Magnetically Damped Check Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a Magnetically Damped Check Valve for eliminating chatter in passive valve systems. At low flow rates, passive valves often chatter (i.e., slightly open and shut at some frequency). Check valves, for example, are designed for fu"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-102", "MFS-TOPS-102", "Internal Friction Reduction (IFR) Tool", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a cost-effective pin tool for use in self-reacting friction stir welding (SR-FSW), making the SR-FSW process significantly more robust and cost-effective. The IFR Tool mitigates the internal friction that occurs between the weld pin and crown-shoulde"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-102--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-102", "Internal Friction Reduction (IFR) Tool", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a cost-effective pin tool for use in self-reacting friction stir welding (SR-FSW), making the SR-FSW process significantly more robust and cost-effective. The IFR Tool mitigates the internal friction that occurs between the weld pin and crown-shoulde"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-104", "MFS-TOPS-104", "3D-Printed Injector for Cryogenic Fluid Management", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a system to minimize boil-off during cryogen transfer and storage using an additive manufactured injector with an augmented thermodynamic venting system (TVS). Cryogenic fluid transfer is important for both ground and space-based systems "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-104--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-104", "3D-Printed Injector for Cryogenic Fluid Management", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a system to minimize boil-off during cryogen transfer and storage using an additive manufactured injector with an augmented thermodynamic venting system (TVS). Cryogenic fluid transfer is important for both ground and space-based systems "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-105", "MFS-TOPS-105", "Robotic Assembly of Photovoltaic Arrays", "robotics automation and control", "MSFC", "NASA researchers have developed a novel process for assembling thin-film solar cells into larger solar arrays. Current methods for solar array manufacturing depend on time-consuming, manual assembly of solar cells into multi-cell arrays. Print-assisted photovoltaic assembly (PAPA) is an assembly pro"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-105--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-105", "Robotic Assembly of Photovoltaic Arrays", "robotics automation and control", "MSFC", "NASA researchers have developed a novel process for assembling thin-film solar cells into larger solar arrays. Current methods for solar array manufacturing depend on time-consuming, manual assembly of solar cells into multi-cell arrays. Print-assisted photovoltaic assembly (PAPA) is an assembly pro"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-106", "MFS-TOPS-106", "Periodic Wave Disc Brake Rotor", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Developed by innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, the Periodic Wave Disc Brake Rotor offers improved performance for potential applications in racings cars, motorcycles, and in particular for electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with regenerative braking systems. NASA's periodic wave rot"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-106--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-106", "Periodic Wave Disc Brake Rotor", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Developed by innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, the Periodic Wave Disc Brake Rotor offers improved performance for potential applications in racings cars, motorcycles, and in particular for electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with regenerative braking systems. NASA's periodic wave rot"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-109", "MFS-TOPS-109", "Tension Element Damping (TED) – With Hydraulics for Large Displacements", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted structural vibrations that cause maintenance issues and compromise the performance and safety of large, tall structures. NASAs method is fundamentally different from conventional passive and active vibration damping methods used today. T"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-109--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-109", "Tension Element Damping (TED) – With Hydraulics for Large Displacements", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted structural vibrations that cause maintenance issues and compromise the performance and safety of large, tall structures. NASAs method is fundamentally different from conventional passive and active vibration damping methods used today. T"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-111", "MFS-TOPS-111", "Integral Tuned Mass Absorber for Turbine Blades", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a novel turbine blade design and manufacturing approach that provides a significant reduction in turbine blade resonant vibration. In particular this innovation addresses the unique resonance vibration challenges of conventionally machined turbine bl"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-111--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-111", "Integral Tuned Mass Absorber for Turbine Blades", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a novel turbine blade design and manufacturing approach that provides a significant reduction in turbine blade resonant vibration. In particular this innovation addresses the unique resonance vibration challenges of conventionally machined turbine bl"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-113", "MFS-TOPS-113", "Lightweight, Self-Deployable Helical Antenna", "communications", "MSFC", "SmallSats are experiencing increasing adoption in the satellite industry. While initially used primarily for technology demonstrations in low Earth orbit (LEO), enhanced capabilities have enabled SmallSat use for a broad number of applications. Today, sending small spacecraft beyond LEO to Lunar or "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-113--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-113", "Lightweight, Self-Deployable Helical Antenna", "communications", "MSFC", "SmallSats are experiencing increasing adoption in the satellite industry. While initially used primarily for technology demonstrations in low Earth orbit (LEO), enhanced capabilities have enabled SmallSat use for a broad number of applications. Today, sending small spacecraft beyond LEO to Lunar or "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-116", "MFS-TOPS-116", "Self-aligning Poppet", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "As NASA plans for manned missions to Mars, efforts are being made to identify technologies that must be improved to make such trips feasible. Valves have been identified as one technology in need of improvement – on the voyage to Mars, propellants and other stored materials will leak through seals i"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-116--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-116", "Self-aligning Poppet", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "As NASA plans for manned missions to Mars, efforts are being made to identify technologies that must be improved to make such trips feasible. Valves have been identified as one technology in need of improvement – on the voyage to Mars, propellants and other stored materials will leak through seals i"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-117", "MFS-TOPS-117", "Printable IoT sensor development platform", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "NASA inventors have developed a low-power wireless platform for the evaluation of sensors printed on flexible polyimide substrates. The platform simplifies development of novel environmental sensors and their end-use applications by merging Bluetooth low energy (BLE) hardware, sensors, and sensor fu"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-117--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-117", "Printable IoT sensor development platform", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "NASA inventors have developed a low-power wireless platform for the evaluation of sensors printed on flexible polyimide substrates. The platform simplifies development of novel environmental sensors and their end-use applications by merging Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) hardware, sensors, and sensor f"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-120", "MFS-TOPS-120", "Additively Manufactured Propulsion Catalysts", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "In mono-propulsion systems, a propellant is flowed across a catalyst to promote a chemical reaction and generate thrust. Conventional catalyst manufacturing methods entail (a) coating the inner walls of the thruster nozzle with a catalyst (generally undesirable due to limited catalyst-propellant con"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-120--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-120", "Additively Manufactured Propulsion Catalysts", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "In mono-propulsion systems, a propellant is flowed across a catalyst to promote a chemical reaction and generate thrust. Conventional catalyst manufacturing methods entail (a) coating the inner walls of the thruster nozzle with a catalyst (generally undesirable due to limited catalyst-propellant con"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-122", "MFS-TOPS-122", "Miniature Separable Fill & Drain Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed the Miniature Separable Fill & Drain Valve, a manually operated, two-part valve design for CubeSat propulsion applications. Miniature propulsion systems have been an area of significant investment over recent years as rising CubeSat "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-122--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-122", "Miniature Separable Fill & Drain Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed the Miniature Separable Fill & Drain Valve, a manually operated, two-part valve design for CubeSat propulsion applications. Miniature propulsion systems have been an area of significant investment over recent years as rising CubeSat "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-124", "MFS-TOPS-124", "Ocean Platform Motion Control", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted motion in floating structures. Ideally suited to applications including offshore wind energy platforms and barges, the innovation uses water ballast as a motion damping fluid. Various designs have been developed to suit a number of "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-124--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-124", "Ocean Platform Motion Control", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted motion in floating structures. Ideally suited to applications including offshore wind energy platforms and barges, the innovation uses water ballast as a motion damping fluid . Various designs have been developed to suit a number of"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-125", "MFS-TOPS-125", "Tension Element Vibration Damping", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted structural vibrations. NASA's method is fundamentally different from conventional passive and active vibration damping methods widely used today. Tension Element Vibration Damping uses disruptive modal coupling between two structure"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-125--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-125", "Tension Element Vibration Damping", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted structural vibrations. NASA's method is fundamentally different from conventional passive and active vibration damping methods widely used today. Tension Element Vibration Damping uses “disruptive modal coupling” between two structu"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-126", "MFS-TOPS-126", "Conventional friction stir extrusion machine", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a new small-scale metal extrusion tool, called a conventional friction stir extrusion (C-FSE) machine that may be attached or added-on to a conventional friction stir welding (C-FSW) system. The C-FSE machine uses the heat generation and plastic deform"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-126--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-126", "Conventional friction stir extrusion machine", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a new small-scale metal extrusion tool, called a conventional friction stir extrusion (C-FSE) machine that may be attached or added-on to a conventional friction stir welding (C-FSW) system. The C-FSE machine uses the heat generation and plastic deform"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-127", "MFS-TOPS-127", "Friction Stir Deposition Innovations", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed two new friction stir deposition (FSD) add-on tools that allow a conventional friction stir welding (C-FSW) system to be reversibly adapted for deposition within minutes. Both FSD end effectors use the rotating pin of the FSW tool to"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-127--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-127", "Friction Stir Deposition Innovations", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed two new friction stir deposition (FSD) add-on tools that allow a conventional friction stir welding (C-FSW) system to be reversibly adapted for deposition within minutes. Both FSD end effectors use the rotating pin of the FSW tool to"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-128", "MFS-TOPS-128", "Ultra High-throughput Small Punch Test Machine for Maximum Efficiency", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Tensile testing is a destructive testing method that provides crucial information on tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, fracture toughness, ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, and other properties related to the breaking point of materials. However, traditional methods are slow, exp"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-128--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-128", "Ultra High-throughput Small Punch Test Machine for Maximum Efficiency", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Tensile testing is a destructive testing method that provides crucial information on tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, fracture toughness, ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, and other properties related to the breaking point of materials. However, traditional methods are slow, exp"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-130", "MFS-TOPS-130", "Fast-Acting, Deep-Throttling Hybrid Motor", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and collaborators at Utah State University have developed a prototype for a highly efficient hybrid motor designed for spacecraft. This innovative motor addresses the need for both substantial propulsion during orbital maneuvers and precise control for attitude adju"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-130--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-130", "Fast-Acting, Deep-Throttling Hybrid Motor", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and collaborators at Utah State University have developed a prototype for a highly efficient hybrid motor designed for spacecraft. This innovative motor addresses the need for both substantial propulsion during orbital maneuvers and precise control for attitude adju"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-132", "MFS-TOPS-132", "Composite Dielectric Inks for Humidity Sensing", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "Inventors at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed humidity sensing dielectric ink formulations for use in printed electronic and sensor manufacturing applications. Novel ceramic powders with favorable dielectric properties are mixed with liquid resins to form a polymer-ceramic com"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-132--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-132", "Composite Dielectric Inks for Humidity Sensing", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "Inventors at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed humidity sensing dielectric ink formulations for use in printed electronic and sensor manufacturing applications. Novel ceramic powders with favorable dielectric properties are mixed with liquid resins to form a polymer-ceramic com"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-133", "MFS-TOPS-133", "Adaptive Camera Assembly", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "During the Apollo missions, lightly modified off-the-shelf cameras were used by astronauts to take imagery while performing extravehicular activities (EVAs). These cameras were cumbersome to operate in spacesuits that limit body mobility and pressurized gloves that limit finger dexterity and strengt"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-133--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-133", "Adaptive Camera Assembly", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "During the Apollo missions, lightly modified off-the-shelf cameras were used by astronauts to take imagery while performing extravehicular activities (EVAs). These cameras were cumbersome to operate in spacesuits that limit body mobility and pressurized gloves that limit finger dexterity and strengt"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-134", "MFS-TOPS-134", "Passive PCB-Mounted Thermal Switch", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "Effective heat dissipation and thermal protection are critical for printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in spaceflight applications, where the boards must withstand extreme temperature fluctuations, especially during deep space or lunar surface operations. PCBs generate heat while functioning. In a va"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-134--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-134", "Passive PCB-Mounted Thermal Switch", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "Effective heat dissipation and thermal protection are critical for printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in spaceflight applications, where the boards must withstand extreme temperature fluctuations, especially during deep space or lunar surface operations. PCBs generate heat while functioning. In a va"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-135", "MFS-TOPS-135", "Modified Tuned Liquid Column Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) are widely used for vibration suppression, yet their application to floating wind turbine systems presents unique challenges due to the strict geometric constraints of offshore platforms. Achieving the desired frequency, damping, and stiffness is often difficult w"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-135--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-135", "Modified Tuned Liquid Column Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) are widely used for vibration suppression, yet their application to floating wind turbine systems presents unique challenges due to the strict geometric constraints of offshore platforms. Achieving the desired frequency, damping, and stiffness is often difficult w"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-136", "MFS-TOPS-136", "Magnetically Damped Check Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Passive valves are essential components in fluid systems, enabling flow control without external actuation. Among these, check valves are a widely used type of passive valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction while preventing reverse flow. They are commonly found in aerospace propulsion syst"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-136--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-136", "Magnetically Damped Check Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Passive valves are essential components in fluid systems, enabling flow control without external actuation. Among these, check valves are a widely used type of passive valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction while preventing reverse flow. They are commonly found in aerospace propulsion syst"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-137", "MFS-TOPS-137", "Advanced Thermal Management for ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization) Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Establishing sustainable lunar infrastructure requires the ability to manufacture structural components using local resources. However, existing laser-based additive manufacturing approaches for regolith face significant challenges. The complex mixture of ceramics, metals, metal oxides, and minerals"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-137--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-137", "Advanced Thermal Management for ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization) Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Establishing sustainable lunar infrastructure requires the ability to manufacture structural components using local resources. However, existing laser-based additive manufacturing approaches for regolith face significant challenges. The complex mixture of ceramics, metals, metal oxides, and minerals"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-138", "MFS-TOPS-138", "Fully Reversible Bending Test Apparatus for Characterization of Material Fatigue Behavior and Performance", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Traditional uniaxial fatigue systems require precise alignment and symmetric specimen geometries, limiting their effectiveness for asymmetric cross-sections (e.g., lap welds), thin-walled structures, additively manufactured parts, and brittle materials such as ceramics. Testing these materials often"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-138--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-138", "Fully Reversible Bending Test Apparatus for Characterization of Material Fatigue Behavior and Performance", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Traditional uniaxial fatigue systems require precise alignment and symmetric specimen geometries, limiting their effectiveness for asymmetric cross-sections (e.g., lap welds), thin-walled structures, additively manufactured parts, and brittle materials such as ceramics. Testing these materials often"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-139", "MFS-TOPS-139", "Lightning-AI: Predicting Lightning Occurrence Before Lightning Strikes", "information technology and software", "MSFC", "Most weather radars do not predict lightning before it occurs. Instead, they wait until a lightning flash is detected by ground-based sensors or until a storm shows strong radar signatures, then issue alerts based on distance, movement, or storm intensity. This reactive approach cannot provide meani"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-139--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-139", "Lightning-AI: Predicting Lightning Occurrence Before Lightning Strikes", "information technology and software", "MSFC", "Most weather radars do not predict lightning before it occurs. Instead, they wait until a lightning flash is detected by ground-based sensors or until a storm shows strong radar signatures, then issue alerts based on distance, movement, or storm intensity. This reactive approach cannot provide meani"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-2", "MFS-TOPS-2", "Fluid Structure Coupling Technology", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center's Fluid Structure Coupling (FSC) technology is a highly efficient and passive method to control the way fluids and structures communicate and dictate the behavior of a system. This technology has the demonstrated potential to mitigate a multitude of different type"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-2--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-2", "Fluid Structure Coupling Technology", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center's Fluid Structure Coupling (FSC) technology is a highly efficient and passive method to control the way fluids and structures communicate and dictate the behavior of a system. This technology has the demonstrated potential to mitigate a multitude of different type"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-40", "MFS-TOPS-40", "Nested Focusing Optics for Compact Neutron Sources", "optics", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed novel neutron grazing incidence optics for use with small-scale portable neutron generators. The technology was developed to enable the use of commercially available neutron generators for applications requiring high flux densities, including high pe"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-40--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-40", "Nested Focusing Optics for Compact Neutron Sources", "optics", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed novel neutron grazing incidence optics for use with small-scale portable neutron generators. The technology was developed to enable the use of commercially available neutron generators for applications requiring high flux densities, including high pe"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-41", "MFS-TOPS-41", "Novel Overhang Support Designs for Powder-Based Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM)", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with the University of Alabama, has developed a contact-free support structure used to fabricate overhang-type geometries via EBAM. The support structure is used for 3-D metal-printed components for the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and other i"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-41--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-41", "Novel Overhang Support Designs for Powder-Based Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM)", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with the University of Alabama, has developed a contact-free support structure used to fabricate overhang-type geometries via EBAM. The support structure is used for 3-D metal-printed components for the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and other i"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-44", "MFS-TOPS-44", "Crystal-free Formation of Non-Oxide Optical Fiber", "optics", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have devised a method for the creation of crystal-free nonoxide optical fiber preforms. Non-oxide fiber optics are extensively used in infrared transmitting applications such as communication systems, chemical sensors, and laser fiber guides for cutti"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-53", "MFS-TOPS-53", "Tool for Rapid Identification of TCE in Plants", "environment", "MSFC", "In collaboration with the State University of New York and the Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center is developing a hyperspectral estimator to detect trichloroethylene (TCE) in plants. TCE has been a widely used industrial solvent known to be toxic to humans and animals. Alth"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-53--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-53", "Tool for Rapid Identification of TCE in Plants", "environment", "MSFC", "In collaboration with the State University of New York and the Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center is developing a hyperspectral estimator to detect trichloroethylene (TCE) in plants. TCE has been a widely used industrial solvent known to be toxic to humans and animals. Alth"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-61", "MFS-TOPS-61", "Improving Formability of Al-Li Alloys", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA scientists have designed a novel heat treatment process that significantly improves the formability of high-performance aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) 2195 alloy plate stock. The heat treatment process dramatically reduces cracking and also improves the yield and range of product sizes/shapes that ca"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-61--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-61", "Improving Formability of Al-Li Alloys", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA scientists have designed a novel heat treatment process that significantly improves the formability of high-performance aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) 2195 alloy plate stock. The heat treatment process dramatically reduces cracking and also improves the yield and range of product sizes/shapes that ca"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-70", "MFS-TOPS-70", "Interim, In Situ Additive Manufacturing Inspection", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a novel method for interim, in situ dimensional inspection of additively manufactured parts. Additive manufacturing processes currently have limited monitoring capabilities, offering users little to no options in mitigating the high lev"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-70--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-70", "Interim, In Situ Additive Manufacturing Inspection", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a novel method for interim, in situ dimensional inspection of additively manufactured parts. Additive manufacturing processes currently have limited monitoring capabilities, offering users little to no options in mitigating the high lev"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-71", "MFS-TOPS-71", "Low-Cost, Long-Lasting Valve Seal", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a new, simplified method for installing valve seats, eliminating the need for a swaged assembly process and the additional hardware and equipment that are typically found in conventional, elastomeric valve seat installations. In addition to weight redu"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-71--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-71", "Low-Cost, Long-Lasting Valve Seal", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a new, simplified method for installing valve seats, eliminating the need for a swaged assembly process and the additional hardware and equipment that are typically found in conventional, elastomeric valve seat installations. In addition to weight redu"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-74", "MFS-TOPS-74", "Gimbal for Steering Propelled CubeSats", "robotics automation and control", "MSFC", "NASA is preparing for the next generation of CubeSats that are propelled and will make directional maneuvers. The new gimbal mount provides a seat for the motor and controls the position of the thrusters that propel the CubeSat as it moves about and/or changes orbits. This small-footprint device con"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-74--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-74", "Gimbal for Steering Propelled CubeSats", "robotics automation and control", "MSFC", "NASA is preparing for the next generation of CubeSats that are propelled and will make directional maneuvers. The new gimbal mount provides a seat for the motor and controls the position of the thrusters that propel the CubeSat as it moves about and/or changes orbits. This small-footprint device con"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-75", "MFS-TOPS-75", "Novel, Solid-State Hybrid Ultracapacitor Battery", "power generation and storage", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a solid-state ultracapacitor with a unique combination of high capacitance and battery-like discharge characteristics. The high capacitance in a solid-state form can enable a new type of ultracapacitor, and, in combination with the ability to deliver"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-75--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-75", "Novel, Solid-State Hybrid Ultracapacitor Battery", "power generation and storage", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a solid-state ultracapacitor with a unique combination of high capacitance and battery-like discharge characteristics. The high capacitance in a solid-state form can enable a new type of ultracapacitor, and, in combination with the ability to deliver"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-79", "MFS-TOPS-79", "Pilot Assisted Check Valve for Low Pressure Applications", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Inventors at NASA have developed an advanced check valve with a pressure sensing design that allows the valve to crack open at low pressure differentials while still providing the required sealing stress on the valve seat at all pressures below cracking pressure. The design of the valve also allows "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-79--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-79", "Pilot Assisted Check Valve for Low Pressure Applications", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Inventors at NASA have developed an advanced check valve with a pressure sensing design that allows the valve to crack open at low pressure differentials while still providing the required sealing stress on the valve seat at all pressures below cracking pressure. The design of the valve also allows "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-81", "MFS-TOPS-81", "Cladding and Freeform Deposition for Coolant Channel Closeout", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Low-cost, large-scale liquid rocket engines with regeneratively cooled nozzles will enable reliable and reduced-cost access to space. Coolant, contained under high pressure, circulates through a bank of channels within the nozzle to properly cool the nozzle walls to withstand high temperatures and p"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-81--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-81", "Cladding and Freeform Deposition for Coolant Channel Closeout", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Low-cost, large-scale liquid rocket engines with regeneratively cooled nozzles will enable reliable and reduced-cost access to space. Coolant, contained under high pressure, circulates through a bank of channels within the nozzle to properly cool the nozzle walls to withstand high temperatures and p"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-82", "MFS-TOPS-82", "Air Revitalization for Vacuum Environments", "environment", "MSFC", "NASA has developed a lightweight atmosphere revitalization system to support short-duration human space flights. Air revitalization is a critical component of manned space flights since passenger-carrying vehicles require a way to control humidity and process metabolic carbon dioxide to sustain an e"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-82--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-82", "Air Revitalization for Vacuum Environments", "environment", "MSFC", "NASA has developed a lightweight atmosphere revitalization system to support short-duration human space flights. Air revitalization is a critical component of manned space flights since passenger-carrying vehicles require a way to control humidity and process metabolic carbon dioxide to sustain an e"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-85", "MFS-TOPS-85", "Sublimable Propellant Source for Iodine-fed Ion Propulsion System", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASAs Marshall Research Center has developed a system for generating iodine vapor from solid iodine, for use as a propellant in a Hall or ion thruster propulsion system. Xenon has generally been the preferred propellant of choice for these spacecraft ion propulsion systems, but more recently iodine-"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-85--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-85", "Sublimable Propellant Source for Iodine-fed Ion Propulsion System", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASAs Marshall Research Center has developed a system for generating iodine vapor from solid iodine, for use as a propellant in a Hall or ion thruster propulsion system. Xenon has generally been the preferred propellant of choice for these spacecraft ion propulsion systems, but more recently iodine-"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-90", "MFS-TOPS-90", "Multi-and Wide-Band Single-Feed Patch Antenna", "communications", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a novel patch antenna technology. This simple antenna design provides significant benefits to NASA satellite communication applications, offering a unique wide-band/multi-band operating capability. For other commercial space or non-sp"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-90--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-90", "Multi-and Wide-Band Single-Feed Patch Antenna", "communications", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a novel patch antenna technology. This simple antenna design provides significant benefits to NASA satellite communication applications, offering a unique wide-band/multi-band operating capability. For other commercial space or non-sp"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-91", "MFS-TOPS-91", "Fluid-Filled Frequency-Tunable Mass Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a fluids-based tunable mass damper system that allows for significant distribution of loads while also providing a simple mechanism that allows for the capability to change its frequency of mitigation with negligible impact on the "], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-93", "MFS-TOPS-93", "A One-piece Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber Assembly", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASA is developing a lightweight one-piece regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber assembly (TCA) for liquid rocket engines. Liquid rocket engines create thrust through the expansion of combusted propellants within the TCA. Standard manufacturing of TCAs involves individually building the injector, mai"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-93--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-93", "A One-piece Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber Assembly", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASA is developing a lightweight one-piece regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber assembly (TCA) for liquid rocket engines. Liquid rocket engines create thrust through the expansion of combusted propellants within the TCA. Standard manufacturing of TCAs involves individually building the injector, mai"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-94", "MFS-TOPS-94", "Cryogenic Hydraulically Actuated Isolation Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a cryogenic isolation valve that utilizes the upstream line pressure of cryogenic fluids for actuation. Previously, the use of cryogenic fluids for actuation systems had been too difficult to control and resulted in unsafe operating c"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-94--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-94", "Cryogenic Hydraulically Actuated Isolation Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a cryogenic isolation valve that utilizes the upstream line pressure of cryogenic fluids for actuation. Previously, the use of cryogenic fluids for actuation systems had been too difficult to control and resulted in unsafe operating c"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-96", "MFS-TOPS-96", "Reverse Vortex Ring (RVR)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a mechanism for improving rotordynamic stability and response in turbomachinery. The Reverse Vortex Ring (RVR) invention was created specifically to solve instability problems with turbopumps on the Space Shuttle main engine, which"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-96--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-96", "Reverse Vortex Ring (RVR)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a mechanism for improving rotordynamic stability and response in turbomachinery. The Reverse Vortex Ring (RVR) invention was created specifically to solve instability problems with turbopumps on the Space Shuttle main engine, which"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-97", "MFS-TOPS-97", "Stronger Plug for Friction Pull Plug Welding of Thick Plates", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA and Geocent, LLC innovators adapted a plug to improve aluminum friction pull plug welding (FPPW). The rugged plug is less vulnerable to snapping off and helps reduce chatter. FPPW is the process that is necessary to plug the hole that is left behind as a friction stir weld (FSW) joint is comple"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-97--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-97", "Stronger Plug for Friction Pull Plug Welding of Thick Plates", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA and Geocent, LLC innovators adapted a plug to improve aluminum friction pull plug welding (FPPW). The rugged plug is less vulnerable to snapping off and helps reduce chatter. FPPW is the process that is necessary to plug the hole that is left behind as a friction stir weld (FSW) joint is comple"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-99", "MFS-TOPS-99", "High Flow Differential Cleaning", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Powder-based AM methods typically require post-fabrication component cleaning to remove residue powder from the surface and crevices of the part, a task that becomes increasingly difficult and time consuming with part complexity. Methods currently available to clean AM parts have significant drawbac"], ["patent", "MFS-TOPS-99--MFS-TOPS", "MFS-TOPS-99", "High Flow Differential Cleaning", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Powder-based AM methods typically require post-fabrication component cleaning to remove residue powder from the surface and crevices of the part, a task that becomes increasingly difficult and time consuming with part complexity. Methods currently available to clean AM parts have significant drawbac"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-100", "MSC-TOPS-100", "Ionic Magnetic Resonance Tailors Animal Cells/Tissues", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed an apparatus and method that controls the growth and proliferation of 3D biological cells and mammalian tissue in the presence of a pulsating, alternating ionic magnetic resonance field (AIMR). The present technology applies a spectrum of electro"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-100--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-100", "Ionic Magnetic Resonance Tailors Animal Cells/Tissues", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed an apparatus and method that controls the growth and proliferation of 3D biological cells and mammalian tissue in the presence of a pulsating, alternating ionic magnetic resonance field (AIMR). The present technology applies a spectrum of electro"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-101", "MSC-TOPS-101", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Arm Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represents the cutti"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-101--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-101", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Arm Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represents the cutti"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-102", "MSC-TOPS-102", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Hand Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represents the cutti"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-102--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-102", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Hand Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represents the cutti"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-103", "MSC-TOPS-103", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Interface & Control", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of autonomous robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represent"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-103--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-103", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Interface & Control", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of autonomous robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represent"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-104", "MSC-TOPS-104", "Advanced Robotic Sensing Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of autonomous robotics, have collaborated to develop Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-104--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-104", "Advanced Robotic Sensing Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of autonomous robotics, have collaborated to develop Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-105", "MSC-TOPS-105", "Coil-On-Plug Igniter for Reliable Engine Starts", "electrical and electronics", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a coil-on-plug ignition system for integrated liquid oxygen (LOX)/liquid methane (LCH4) thermal-vacuum environment propulsion systems operating in a thermal vacuum environment. The innovation will help quell corona discharge issues and reduce ov"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-105--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-105", "Coil-On-Plug Igniter for Reliable Engine Starts", "electrical and electronics", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a coil-on-plug ignition system for integrated liquid oxygen (LOX)/liquid methane (LCH4) thermal-vacuum environment propulsion systems operating in a thermal vacuum environment. The innovation will help quell corona discharge issues and reduce ov"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-106", "MSC-TOPS-106", "X-Ray Crack Detectability", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed flaw size parameter modeling to determine if a specific X-ray setup can detect cracks of various sizes within materials. These models allow users to optimize X-ray radiography setups, for the detection of crack and crack-like flaws, to penetrate"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-106--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-106", "X-Ray Crack Detectability", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed flaw size parameter modeling to determine if a specific X-ray setup can detect cracks of various sizes within materials. These models allow users to optimize X-ray radiography setups, for the detection of crack and crack-like flaws, to penetrate"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-107", "MSC-TOPS-107", "Handheld Metal Tube Straightener", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an in-novative Handheld Metal Tube Straightener that removes bends within the last 3.5 inches of a malleable metal tube end – such as those used for fuel, pneumatic, and hydraulic pressurized lines – so that the tube end can be swaged into a co"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-107--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-107", "Handheld Metal Tube Straightener", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an in-novative Handheld Metal Tube Straightener that removes bends within the last 3.5 inches of a malleable metal tube end – such as those used for fuel, pneumatic, and hydraulic pressurized lines – so that the tube end can be swaged into a co"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-109", "MSC-TOPS-109", "Multi-Link Spherical Joint", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a spherical joint which allows up to six linearly actuated links or attachments to rotate about a co-located center. Originally designed to provide joint flexibility necessary for a variable geometry truss system, the new spherical joint also all"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-109--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-109", "Multi-Link Spherical Joint", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a spherical joint which allows up to six linearly actuated links or attachments to rotate about a co-located center. Originally designed to provide joint flexibility necessary for a variable geometry truss system, the new spherical joint also all"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-111", "MSC-TOPS-111", "Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) System", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method and apparatus to multiplex Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signals efficiently. The resulting Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) system enhances distribution of the RFID reader signal, providing improved coverage for large are"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-111--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-111", "Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) System", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method and apparatus to multiplex Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signals efficiently. The resulting Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) system enhances distribution of the RFID reader signal, providing improved coverage for large are"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-113", "MSC-TOPS-113", "Circumferential Scissor Spring Enhances Precision in Hand Controllers", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a circumferential scissor spring mechanism, that when incorporated into a hand controller, improves the restorative force to a control stick’s neutral position. The design also provides for operation on a more linear portion of the spring's force"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-113--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-113", "Circumferential Scissor Spring Enhances Precision in Hand Controllers", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a circumferential scissor spring mechanism, that when incorporated into a hand controller, improves the restorative force to a control stick’s neutral position. The design also provides for operation on a more linear portion of the spring's force"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-114", "MSC-TOPS-114", "Computer Vision Lends Precision to Robotic Grappling", "information technology and software", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed computer vision software that derives target posture determinations quickly and then instructs an operator how to properly align a robotic end-effector with a target that they are trying to grapple. As an added benefit, the software’s obje"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-114--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-114", "Computer Vision Lends Precision to Robotic Grappling", "information technology and software", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed computer vision software that derives target posture determinations quickly and then instructs an operator how to properly align a robotic end-effector with a target that they are trying to grapple. As an added benefit, the software’s obje"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-117", "MSC-TOPS-117", "Low Mass Antenna Boosts RFID Device Performance", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a quarter-wavelength RFID dual mode antenna that provides polarization diversity and employs dual resonances, but in a form factor that is much smaller than other RFID antennas that provide similar functionality. Typically, antennas designed to "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-117--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-117", "Low Mass Antenna Boosts RFID Device Performance", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a quarter-wavelength RFID dual mode antenna that provides polarization diversity and employs dual resonances, but in a form factor that is much smaller than other RFID antennas that provide similar functionality. Typically, antennas designed to "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-118", "MSC-TOPS-118", "Corkscrew Filter Extracts Liquid From Air Charge", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center in collaboration with IRPI, LLC, have developed a compact inline filter that utilizes a unique multi-phase flow method to separate liquid from an incoming air charge. The filter also traps particulate matter and does so without significantly impinging upon flo"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-118--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-118", "Corkscrew Filter Extracts Liquid From Air Charge", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center in collaboration with IRPI, LLC, have developed a compact inline filter that utilizes a unique multi-phase flow method to separate liquid from an incoming air charge. The filter also traps particulate matter and does so without significantly impinging upon flo"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-119", "MSC-TOPS-119", "Carbon Fiber Sleeve Tempers Battery Thermal Runaway", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sleeve, that, when fitted over a cylindrical lithium-ion battery cell, can prevent cell-to-cell propagation by containing a thermal runaway (TR) event to the originating cell. TR is caused by a battery ce"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-119--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-119", "Carbon Fiber Sleeve Tempers Battery Thermal Runaway", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sleeve, that, when fitted over a cylindrical lithium-ion battery cell, can prevent cell-to-cell propagation by containing a thermal runaway (TR) event to the originating cell. TR is caused by a battery ce"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-121", "MSC-TOPS-121", "Real-Time Computing Architecture for Navigation Systems", "information technology and software", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed and successfully flight tested a high-performance computing platform, known as the Descent and Landing Computer (DLC), to suit the demands of safe, autonomous, extraterrestrial spacecraft landings for robotic and human exploration missions. Uniq"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-121--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-121", "Real-Time Computing Architecture for Navigation Systems", "information technology and software", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed and successfully flight tested a high-performance computing platform, known as the Descent and Landing Computer (DLC), to suit the demands of safe, autonomous, extraterrestrial spacecraft landings for robotic and human exploration missions. Uniq"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-124", "MSC-TOPS-124", "RFID Tag System for Precise Asset Tracking & Localization", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a low-cost means to refine localization and determine when specific assets have been attached or placed in set proximity of each other using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This innovation is comprised of both a novel RFID sens"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-124--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-124", "RFID Tag System for Precise Asset Tracking & Localization", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a low-cost means to refine localization and determine when specific assets have been attached or placed in set proximity of each other using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This innovation is comprised of both a novel RFID sens"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-125", "MSC-TOPS-125", "Ball Valve Assembly Yields Linear Flowrate Control", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adjustable thermal control ball valve (TCBV) assembly which utilizes a unique geometric ball valve design to facilitate precise thermal control within a spacesuit. The technology meters the coolant flow going to the cooling and ventilation ga"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-125--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-125", "Ball Valve Assembly Yields Linear Flowrate Control", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adjustable thermal control ball valve (TCBV) assembly which utilizes a unique geometric ball valve design to facilitate precise thermal control within a spacesuit. The technology meters the coolant flow going to the cooling and ventilation ga"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-127", "MSC-TOPS-127", "RTV Silicone Sealing Method for Component Interfaces", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method using low-viscosity RTV silicone to form durable seals between polymer bladder and metal bulkhead interfaces to be used for inflatable space habitats. As NASA continues to research the viability of inflatable space habitats made with fl"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-127--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-127", "RTV Silicone Sealing Method for Component Interfaces", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method using low-viscosity RTV silicone to form durable seals between polymer bladder and metal bulkhead interfaces to be used for inflatable space habitats. As NASA continues to research the viability of inflatable space habitats made with fl"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-128", "MSC-TOPS-128", "RFID Range Extension and Priority Data Forwarding", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adaptable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system that optimizes transmission for priority data as targets move in and out of passive coverage areas. The method extends the range, and reduces data latency, of ultra-low power battery-assi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-129", "MSC-TOPS-129", "Anonymous Feature Processing for Enhanced Navigation", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an innovative algorithmic and computational approach to vision-based feature recognition called Anonymous Feature Processing (AFP). The ‘anonymous’ approach allows feature-based navigation techniques to be performed without the need for explicit"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-129--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-129", "Anonymous Feature Processing for Enhanced Navigation", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an innovative algorithmic and computational approach to vision-based feature recognition called Anonymous Feature Processing (AFP). The ‘anonymous’ approach allows feature-based navigation techniques to be performed without the need for explicit"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-130", "MSC-TOPS-130", "Thin Film Sensor for Ultra High-Temp Measurement", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a thin film sensor that measures temperatures up to 1200 F, and whose prototype successor may achieve measurements up to ~3000 F – which was the surface temperature of the Space Shuttle during its atmospheric reentry. The novel sensor design als"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-130--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-130", "Thin Film Sensor for Ultra High-Temp Measurement", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a thin film sensor that measures temperatures up to 1200 F, and whose prototype successor may achieve measurements up to ~3000 F – which was the surface temperature of the Space Shuttle during its atmospheric reentry. The novel sensor design als"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-131", "MSC-TOPS-131", "Portable Microscope", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a handheld digital microscope to fill the critical microscopy needs of human space exploration by providing flight crews in situ hematological diagnostic and tracking ability to assess and monitor crew health in the absence of gravity. Although "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-131--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-131", "Portable Microscope", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a handheld digital microscope to fill the critical microscopy needs of human space exploration by providing flight crews in situ hematological diagnostic and tracking ability to assess and monitor crew health in the absence of gravity. Although "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-132", "MSC-TOPS-132", "Portable Slide Staining System for Microscopy", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a handheld slide staining system designed to support medical, research or environ-mental monitoring. Although deployed aboard the International Space Station to work in conjunction with NASA’s high-powered handheld microscope in the absence of g"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-132--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-132", "Portable Slide Staining System for Microscopy", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a handheld slide staining system designed to support medical, research or environ-mental monitoring. Although deployed aboard the International Space Station to work in conjunction with NASA’s high-powered handheld microscope in the absence of g"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-133", "MSC-TOPS-133", "Nail Penetration Adapter for Li-Ion Battery Testing", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a pneumatic nail penetration trigger system that drives a Li-ion battery cell into thermal runaway (TR) using a tungsten nail. By creating a targeted rupture in a battery cell’s outer casing, researchers can initiate an exothermic chain reaction "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-134", "MSC-TOPS-134", "Color Filtering Software Enhances Material Strain Analysis", "optics", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technology that can isolate a single direction of tensile strain in biaxially woven material. This is accomplished using traditional digital image correlation (DIC) techniques in combination with custom red-green-blue (RGB) color filtering sof"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-134--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-134", "Color Filtering Software Enhances Material Strain Analysis", "optics", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technology that can isolate a single direction of tensile strain in biaxially woven material. This is accomplished using traditional digital image correlation (DIC) techniques in combination with custom red-green-blue (RGB) color filtering sof"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-135", "MSC-TOPS-135", "ThermoArc Facilitates Low-Cost Li-Ion Battery Testing", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a battery testing technology called ThermoArc that uses a plasma arc to drive a Li-ion battery cell into thermal runaway (TR) by inducing a localized short circuit. The short circuit is created when the plasma arc breaches the cell and melts a s"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-135--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-135", "ThermoArc Facilitates Low-Cost Li-Ion Battery Testing", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a battery testing technology called ThermoArc that uses a plasma arc to drive a Li-ion battery cell into thermal runaway (TR) by inducing a localized short circuit. The short circuit is created when the plasma arc breaches the cell and melts a s"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-136", "MSC-TOPS-136", "Ram-Dent Thermal Runaway Triggering Device", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a device that projects a dome-ended nail at a Li-ion battery cell can wall to initiate a thermal runaway (TR) event by denting it. The dent and resulting internal stress wave tears the separator between the anode and cathode within the battery c"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-136--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-136", "Ram-Dent Thermal Runaway Triggering Device", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a device that projects a dome-ended nail at a Li-ion battery cell can wall to initiate a thermal runaway (TR) event by denting it. The dent and resulting internal stress wave tears the separator between the anode and cathode within the battery c"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-137", "MSC-TOPS-137", "Printable Heat Shield Formulations Advance Spacecraft Construction", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an additively manufactured thermal protection system (AMTPS) comprised of two printable heat shield material formulations. These formulations are directly applied by 3-D printer or other robotic extrusion system, and bonded to a spacecraft to de"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-137--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-137", "Printable Heat Shield Formulations Advance Spacecraft Construction", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an additively manufactured thermal protection system (AMTPS) comprised of two printable heat shield material formulations. These formulations are directly applied by 3-D printer or other robotic extrusion system, and bonded to a spacecraft to de"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-138", "MSC-TOPS-138", "Passive Fuel Cell Surface Power System (PaCeSS)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center is developing a passive thermal management cooling system for a fuel cell. The cooling system uses a radiator comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator, and a thermosyphon-based system for heat transport that can eliminate the need of moving parts. Relying upon partial"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-138--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-138", "Passive Fuel Cell Surface Power System (PaCeSS)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center is developing a passive thermal management cooling system for a fuel cell. The cooling system uses a radiator comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator, and a thermosyphon-based system for heat transport that can eliminate the need of moving parts. Relying upon partial"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-139", "MSC-TOPS-139", "ARC ANGEL Reduces Gravity’s Effect on Arms", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed an earthbound robotic training system called “ARGOS” for short. It can actively simulate an astronaut’s weightlessness in space by using an overhead runway and bridge drive system to partially or fully offload their weight using attached c"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-139--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-139", "ARC ANGEL Reduces Gravity’s Effect on Arms", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed an earthbound robotic training system called “ARGOS” for short. It can actively simulate an astronaut’s weightlessness in space by using an overhead runway and bridge drive system to partially or fully offload their weight using attached c"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-140", "MSC-TOPS-140", "Adaptive Pouch Cell Chamber", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adaptive pouch cell chamber, or “APCC” for short, whose chamber halves com-press and constrain a battery pouch cell or a prismatic cell while it is induced into thermal runaway (TR) for analysis. The device comprises an adaptive diaphragm to "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-140--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-140", "Adaptive Pouch Cell Chamber", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adaptive pouch cell chamber, or “APCC” for short, whose chamber halves com-press and constrain a battery pouch cell or a prismatic cell while it is induced into thermal runaway (TR) for analysis. The device comprises an adaptive diaphragm to "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-141", "MSC-TOPS-141", "Li-Ion Battery Pack Shielding System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a thermal runaway (TR) shielding system for Li-ion cylindrical battery packs to inhibit collateral damage to adjacent battery cells during a TR event. This shielding system technology introduces eight novel improvements (detailed below) to a stat"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-141--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-141", "Li-Ion Battery Pack Shielding System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a thermal runaway (TR) shielding system for Li-ion cylindrical battery packs to inhibit collateral damage to adjacent battery cells during a TR event. This shielding system technology introduces eight novel improvements (detailed below) to a stat"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-142", "MSC-TOPS-142", "MiniTOCA Facilitates Automated Water Analysis", "instrumentation", "JSC", "Seizing upon the success of the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOCA) operating aboard the ISS, innovators working for NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have revamped a potable water monitoring technology for long-duration crewed space missions into a smaller, lighter package called “MiniTOCA”. Total O"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-142--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-142", "MiniTOCA Facilitates Automated Water Analysis", "instrumentation", "JSC", "Seizing upon the success of the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOCA) operating aboard the ISS, innovators working for NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have revamped a potable water monitoring technology for long-duration crewed space missions into a smaller, lighter package called “MiniTOCA”. Total O"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-143", "MSC-TOPS-143", "Dust Accumulation Sensor Provides In Situ Monitoring", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators working at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a dust sensor for use in space environments that measures surface dust accumulation more effectively and accurately than solar cell-based methods. The Planetary Accumulation of Dust Sensor, or “PADS” for short, comprises a compact, puck-"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-143--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-143", "Dust Accumulation Sensor Provides In Situ Monitoring", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators working at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a dust sensor for use in space environments that measures surface dust accumulation more effectively and accurately than solar cell-based methods. The Planetary Accumulation of Dust Sensor, or “PADS” for short, comprises a compact, puck-"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-147", "MSC-TOPS-147", "Modular Container System Preserves Sample Integrity", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a modular container system, or “MCS” for short, that provides a portable extension to laboratory gloveboxes for the contaminant-free transport and storage of samples of interest. Designed to minimize the oxygen concentration within its sample co"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-147--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-147", "Modular Container System Preserves Sample Integrity", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a modular container system, or “MCS” for short, that provides a portable extension to laboratory gloveboxes for the contaminant-free transport and storage of samples of interest. Designed to minimize the oxygen concentration within its sample co"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-148", "MSC-TOPS-148", "Solid-State System Efficiently Generates Purified O2", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center, in collaboration with inno-vators at American Oxygen, have developed a solid-state system and process that separates oxygen from ambient air and compresses the resulting purified oxygen – with a significant reduction in power con-sumption compared to prior st"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-149", "MSC-TOPS-149", "Next Generation Li-Ion Calorimeter", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a small-fractional thermal runaway calorimeter to support the determination of both total energy yield and fractional energy yield for Li-ion cylindrical format battery cells. This technology comprises updates to the previously disclosed Li-ion "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-149--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-149", "Next Generation Li-Ion Calorimeter", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a small-fractional thermal runaway calorimeter to support the determination of both total energy yield and fractional energy yield for Li-ion cylindrical format battery cells. This technology comprises updates to the previously disclosed Li-ion "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-150", "MSC-TOPS-150", "Graphene Loading Method for Water Filtration Media", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a novel method to load filter media substrates with pristine graphene nano-particles that significantly boosts water-filtering performance. Although this proof-of-concept was originally developed to apply the graphene to existing filtration medi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-150--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-150", "Graphene Loading Method for Water Filtration Media", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a novel method to load filter media substrates with pristine graphene nano-particles that significantly boosts water-filtering performance. Although this proof-of-concept was originally developed to apply the graphene to existing filtration medi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-151", "MSC-TOPS-151", "Tunable Electrode Gel Beads for Electrophysiology", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an electrode gel solution whose form factor is not a traditional salve, but a silica-based hydrogel bead. The bead’s absorbent properties allow the bead to con-tain liquid solutions whose chemical electrolyte composition can be calibrated to the"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-152", "MSC-TOPS-152", "Threaded Pin-Lock Retaining Ring", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a locking threaded retaining ring that comprises a novel pin-lock mechanism allowing granular preload adjustment with no interference to desired torque values. The pin-lock mechanism may be adapted to other COTS threaded fasteners, thanks to a n"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-152--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-152", "Threaded Pin-Lock Retaining Ring", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a locking threaded retaining ring that comprises a novel pin-lock mechanism allowing granular preload adjustment with no interference to desired torque values. The pin-lock mechanism may be adapted to other COTS threaded fasteners, thanks to a n"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-155", "MSC-TOPS-155", "CubeSat Propulsion and Maneuvering System", "propulsion", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center’s R5 Project Team has developed a modular CubeSat platform series, called “R5-SX”, whose six-degree-of-freedom cold-gas propulsion and maneuvering system employs three mainstay innovations: a High-Pressure Manifold, a Thruster Pod, and Threaded Jet Inserts. Their technical "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-155--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-155", "CubeSat Propulsion and Maneuvering System", "propulsion", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center’s R5 Project Team has developed a modular CubeSat platform series, called “R5-SX”, whose six-degree-of-freedom cold-gas propulsion and maneuvering system employs three mainstay innovations: a High-Pressure Manifold, a Thruster Pod, and Threaded Jet Inserts. Their technical "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-21", "MSC-TOPS-21", "Freeze-Resistant Hydration System", "environment", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center is offering an innovative freeze-resistant hydration system for licensing. The technology substantially improves on existing hydration systems because it prevents water from freezing in the tubing, container, and mouthpiece, even in the harshest conditions on Earth. This "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-21--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-21", "Freeze-Resistant Hydration System", "environment", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center is offering an innovative freeze-resistant hydration system for licensing. The technology substantially improves on existing hydration systems because it prevents water from freezing in the tubing, container, and mouthpiece, even in the harshest conditions on Earth. This "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-29", "MSC-TOPS-29", "Filtering Molecules with Nanotube Technology", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA's Johnson Space Center have identified a method to create a filtration device to eliminate contaminants from water supplies. Originally developed to purify wastewater for reuse aboard the International Space Station, the innovation is applicable to numerous situations on Earth whe"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-29--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-29", "Filtering Molecules with Nanotube Technology", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA's Johnson Space Center have identified a method to create a filtration device to eliminate contaminants from water supplies. Originally developed to purify wastewater for reuse aboard the International Space Station, the innovation is applicable to numerous situations on Earth whe"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-32", "MSC-TOPS-32", "Real-Time Tracking System", "communications", "JSC", "A real-time locating system (RTLS) developed at the Johnson Space Center uses ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency (RF) signals for tracking and reporting the position of transmitter-equipped people and objects. The technology has 100 to 1,000 times finer granularity than conventional narrowband RF "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-32--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-32", "Real-Time Tracking System", "communications", "JSC", "A real-time locating system (RTLS) developed at the Johnson Space Center uses ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency (RF) signals for tracking and reporting the position of transmitter-equipped people and objects. The technology has 100 to 1,000 times finer granularity than conventional narrowband RF "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-34", "MSC-TOPS-34", "Enhanced Software Suite Maximizes Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed novel techniques for post-processing of flash infrared (IR) thermography data, providing efficient and cost-effective enhancements to Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of structures for numerous applications. Compatible with commercial IR thermo"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-34--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-34", "Enhanced Software Suite Maximizes Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed novel techniques for post-processing of flash infrared (IR) thermography data, providing efficient and cost-effective enhancements to Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of structures for numerous applications. Compatible with commercial IR thermo"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-35", "MSC-TOPS-35", "Battery Charge Equalizer System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "A battery charge equalizer developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center provides individual cell charging in multi-cell battery strings using a minimum number of transformers. By effectively keeping all the cells in a multi-cell string at the same charge state, this technology maximizes the battery's li"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-35--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-35", "Battery Charge Equalizer System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "A battery charge equalizer developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center provides individual cell charging in multi-cell battery strings using a minimum number of transformers. By effectively keeping all the cells in a multi-cell string at the same charge state, this technology maximizes the battery's li"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-36", "MSC-TOPS-36", "Passive Smart Container", "sensors", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center has developed a Passive Smart Container to monitor and track items that are too small to tag individually. Although Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is being used widely for pallet and box level tracking in the commercial sector, significant technology gap"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-36--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-36", "Passive Smart Container", "sensors", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center has developed a Passive Smart Container to monitor and track items that are too small to tag individually. Although Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is being used widely for pallet and box level tracking in the commercial sector, significant technology gap"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-37", "MSC-TOPS-37", "Robo-Glove", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors (GM) have designed and developed Robo-Glove, a wearable human grasp assist device, to help reduce the grasping force needed by an individual to operate tools for an extended time or when performing tasks having r"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-37--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-37", "Robo-Glove", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors (GM) have designed and developed Robo-Glove, a wearable human grasp assist device, to help reduce the grasping force needed by an individual to operate tools for an extended time or when performing tasks having r"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-38", "MSC-TOPS-38", "Robonaut 2 Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple component technologies and systems: vision systems, image recognition systems, sensor"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-38--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-38", "Robonaut 2 Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple component technologies and systems: vision systems, image recognition systems, sensor"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-40", "MSC-TOPS-40", "Battery Management System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "NASA seeks interested parties to license the Battery Management System (BMS) developed by innovators at Johnson Space Center. NASA's BMS features the ability to monitor and balance the charge of individual battery cells that are in series and provide fault detection of individual cells in parallel w"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-40--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-40", "Battery Management System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "NASA seeks interested parties to license the Battery Management System (BMS) developed by innovators at Johnson Space Center. NASA's BMS features the ability to monitor and balance the charge of individual battery cells that are in series and provide fault detection of individual cells in parallel w"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-41", "MSC-TOPS-41", "High Quality Tissue Formation Method", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center seeks interested parties for the licensing and commercialization of the High Density Spot Seeding (HDSS) method patented technology used to create 2D and 3D tissue models. This method can be used to develop tissue models for a variety of applications including wound treatme"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-41--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-41", "High Quality Tissue Formation Method", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center seeks interested parties for the licensing and commercialization of the High Density Spot Seeding (HDSS) method patented technology used to create 2D and 3D tissue models. This method can be used to develop tissue models for a variety of applications including wound treatme"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-42", "MSC-TOPS-42", "Self-Contained Device Isolates Biological Samples", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "JSC is looking to interested parties to license and commercialize this patented technology. Innovators at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) developed a patented self-contained device for isolating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins, and cells without using pipettes or cent"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-42--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-42", "Self-Contained Device Isolates Biological Samples", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "JSC is looking to interested parties to license and commercialize this patented technology. Innovators at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) developed a patented self-contained device for isolating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins, and cells without using pipettes or cent"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-44", "MSC-TOPS-44", "Robonaut 2: Hazardous Environments", "environment", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple systems and sub-components: vision systems, image recognition systems, sensors, cont"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-44--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-44", "Robonaut 2: Hazardous Environments", "environment", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple systems and sub-components: vision systems, image recognition systems, sensors, cont"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-45", "MSC-TOPS-45", "Robonaut 2: Medical Opportunities", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple component technologies and systems making up nearly 50 patented and patent pending "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-46", "MSC-TOPS-46", "Robonaut 2: Logistics and Distribution", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2's nearly 50 patented and patent-pending technologies have the potential to be game-changers in multiple in"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-46--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-46", "Robonaut 2: Logistics and Distribution", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2's nearly 50 patented and patent-pending technologies have the potential to be game-changers in multiple in"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-47", "MSC-TOPS-47", "Robonaut 2: Industrial Opportunities", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors (GM) and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2's nearly 50 patented and patent-pending technologies have the potential to be game-changers in many ap"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-47--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-47", "Robonaut 2: Industrial Opportunities", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors (GM) and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2's nearly 50 patented and patent-pending technologies have the potential to be game-changers in many ap"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-51", "MSC-TOPS-51", "RFID Tag for Long Range and Wide Coverage Capabilities", "sensors", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center have created a suite of RFID technologies focused in the areas of inventory management and tracking systems and one of those technologies is the RFID Tag with Long Range and Wide Coverage Capabilities. This technology can be integrated to a RFID Tag with "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-51--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-51", "RFID Tag for Long Range and Wide Coverage Capabilities", "sensors", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center have created a suite of RFID technologies focused in the areas of inventory management and tracking systems and one of those technologies is the RFID Tag with Long Range and Wide Coverage Capabilities. This technology can be integrated to a RFID Tag with "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-52", "MSC-TOPS-52", "Foot Pedal Controller", "aerospace", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a novel foot-pedal operated system and device to control movement of an object in three-dimensional (3D) space. The Foot Pedal Controller system enables operators to control movement of spacecraft, aircraft, and watercraft using only f"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-52--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-52", "Foot Pedal Controller", "aerospace", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a novel foot-pedal operated system and device to control movement of an object in three-dimensional (3D) space. The Foot Pedal Controller system enables operators to control movement of spacecraft, aircraft, and watercraft using only f"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-53", "MSC-TOPS-53", "Microwave-Based Water Decontamination System", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a microwave based system that eradicates bacteria. The technology can be used to treat water systems to generate potable water. The technology was originally developed to address the water purification needs and challenges on the Internation"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-53--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-53", "Microwave-Based Water Decontamination System", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a microwave based system that eradicates bacteria. The technology can be used to treat water systems to generate potable water. The technology was originally developed to address the water purification needs and challenges on the Internation"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-54", "MSC-TOPS-54", "Micro-Organ Device Mimics Organ Structures for Lab Testing", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center has developed the Micro-Organ Device (MOD) platform technology that serves as a drug screening system with human or animal cell micro-organs to supplement and reduce animal studies while potentially increasing the success of clinical trials. The technology was originally de"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-54--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-54", "Micro-Organ Device Mimics Organ Structures for Lab Testing", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center has developed the Micro-Organ Device (MOD) platform technology that serves as a drug screening system with human or animal cell micro-organs to supplement and reduce animal studies while potentially increasing the success of clinical trials. The technology was originally de"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-56", "MSC-TOPS-56", "Pressure Sensor Mechanism", "sensors", "JSC", "The Pressure Sensor Mechanism is designed to measure or monitor tactile pressure. It is based on passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags and is applicable to a variety of systems. As RFID sensors transmit information wirelessly, they eliminate many challenges associated with tradit"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-56--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-56", "Pressure Sensor Mechanism", "sensors", "JSC", "The Pressure Sensor Mechanism is designed to measure or monitor tactile pressure. It is based on passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags and is applicable to a variety of systems. As RFID sensors transmit information wirelessly, they eliminate many challenges associated with tradit"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-60", "MSC-TOPS-60", "Full-Size Reduced Gravity Simulator For Humans, Robots, and Test Objects", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "To train astronauts to live and work in the weightless environment on the International Space Station, NASA employs a number of techniques and facilities that simulate microgravity. Engineers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a new system called the Active Response Gravity Offloa"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-60--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-60", "Full-Size Reduced Gravity Simulator For Humans, Robots, and Test Objects", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "To train astronauts to live and work in the weightless environment on the International Space Station, NASA employs a number of techniques and facilities that simulate microgravity. Engineers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a new system called the Active Response Gravity Offloa"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-68", "MSC-TOPS-68", "Pre-Treatment Solution for Water Recovery", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a pre-treatment solution, currently being used aboard the International Space Station (ISS), that increases the amount of potable water recovered through the ISS's urine processor assembly (UPA). The solution acts to stabilize flushed urine chem"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-68--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-68", "Pre-Treatment Solution for Water Recovery", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a pre-treatment solution, currently being used aboard the International Space Station (ISS), that increases the amount of potable water recovered through the ISS's urine processor assembly (UPA). The solution acts to stabilize flushed urine chem"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-70", "MSC-TOPS-70", "Robotic System for Infra-structure Reconnaissance", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a robotic system whose primary structural platform, or “orb”, can be injected into a pipe network and perform reconnaissance of piping infrastructure and other interior volumes. When deployed, this technology uses throttled fluid flow from a com"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-70--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-70", "Robotic System for Infra-structure Reconnaissance", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a robotic system whose primary structural platform, or “orb”, can be injected into a pipe network and perform reconnaissance of piping infrastructure and other interior volumes. When deployed, this technology uses throttled fluid flow from a com"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-72", "MSC-TOPS-72", "Smart Enclosure using RFID for Inventory Tracking", "communications", "JSC", "The NASA Johnson Space Center has developed a method for tracking collections of items in a smart container using radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags with a high level of read accuracy. Automating the tracking of a collection of items (particularly small items) represents a major industrial h"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-72--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-72", "Smart Enclosure using RFID for Inventory Tracking", "communications", "JSC", "The NASA Johnson Space Center has developed a method for tracking collections of items in a smart container using radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags with a high level of read accuracy. Automating the tracking of a collection of items (particularly small items) represents a major industrial h"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-73", "MSC-TOPS-73", "Miniature Bioreactor System for Cell Culture", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Scientists at the NASA Johnson Space Center and the University of Houston have developed a miniature bioreactor system for varied term cell culturing and sampling. The miniature bioreactor allows for continuous and simultaneous short, moderate, or long-term cell culturing of several types of cells a"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-73--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-73", "Miniature Bioreactor System for Cell Culture", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Scientists at the NASA Johnson Space Center and the University of Houston have developed a miniature bioreactor system for varied term cell culturing and sampling. The miniature bioreactor allows for continuous and simultaneous short, moderate, or long-term cell culturing of several types of cells a"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-74", "MSC-TOPS-74", "Modular Robotic Vehicle (MRV)", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center in collaboration with an automotive partner have developed the Modular Robotic Vehicle (MRV). This fully electric vehicle is well-suited for busy urban environments, industrial complexes, or large resort areas. The MRV combines a number of innovative techn"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-74--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-74", "Modular Robotic Vehicle (MRV)", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center in collaboration with an automotive partner have developed the Modular Robotic Vehicle (MRV). This fully electric vehicle is well-suited for busy urban environments, industrial complexes, or large resort areas. The MRV combines a number of innovative techn"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-75", "MSC-TOPS-75", "Internal Short Circuit Testing Device to Improve Battery Designs", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Batteries, such as lithium-ion for example that are sold for consumer use in portable electronic devices and other applications such as electrical cars, occasionally fail in the field over time. These cells have typically passed a wide variety of safety tests, such as those required by governmental "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-75--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-75", "Internal Short Circuit Testing Device to Improve Battery Designs", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Batteries, such as lithium-ion for example that are sold for consumer use in portable electronic devices and other applications such as electrical cars, occasionally fail in the field over time. These cells have typically passed a wide variety of safety tests, such as those required by governmental "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-76", "MSC-TOPS-76", "Precision Low Speed Motor Controller", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method for controlling precise motion of a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor using relatively inexpensive components. Precision motors are usually quite expensive and inefficient when operating at slow speeds. This technology uses a method to cont"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-76--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-76", "Precision Low Speed Motor Controller", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method for controlling precise motion of a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor using relatively inexpensive components. Precision motors are usually quite expensive and inefficient when operating at slow speeds. This technology uses a method to cont"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-77", "MSC-TOPS-77", "Li-ion Cell Calorimeter", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a calorimeter that is able to measure the total heat generated when specific types of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells are driven into a thermal runaway condition. By understanding the behavior of a thermal runaway Li-ion battery, designers can im"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-77--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-77", "Li-ion Cell Calorimeter", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a calorimeter that is able to measure the total heat generated when specific types of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells are driven into a thermal runaway condition. By understanding the behavior of a thermal runaway Li-ion battery, designers can im"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-79", "MSC-TOPS-79", "Agile RFID Antenna System", "sensors", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a suite of RFID-based technologies focused on improving communication of an RFID reader with a greater number of RFID tags in open and enclosed areas. Typically, RFID reader communications with tags are spectrum-regulated to a narrow bandwi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-79--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-79", "Agile RFID Antenna System", "sensors", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a suite of RFID-based technologies focused on improving communication of an RFID reader with a greater number of RFID tags in open and enclosed areas. Typically, RFID reader communications with tags are spectrum-regulated to a narrow bandwi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-80", "MSC-TOPS-80", "Space Suit RoboGlove (SSRG)", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have created an enhanced second-generation, robotically assisted extravehicular activity (EVA) glove. The SSRG has been engineered to further decrease the exertion required to do complex, hand-intensive EVA tasks and reduce the risk of astronaut hand inj"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-80--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-80", "Space Suit RoboGlove (SSRG)", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have created an enhanced second-generation, robotically assisted extravehicular activity (EVA) glove. The SSRG has been engineered to further decrease the exertion required to do complex, hand-intensive EVA tasks and reduce the risk of astronaut hand inj"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-81", "MSC-TOPS-81", "Split-Ring Torque Sensor", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with Oceaneering and The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, have developed the Split-Ring Torque Sensor (SRTS), a device that uses optical sensors to measure the position, velocity, and torque of a rotating system. T"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-81--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-81", "Split-Ring Torque Sensor", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with Oceaneering and The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, have developed the Split-Ring Torque Sensor (SRTS), a device that uses optical sensors to measure the position, velocity, and torque of a rotating system. T"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-83", "MSC-TOPS-83", "Cord Tension Measurement Device (C-Gauge)", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed the C-Gauge, a non-invasive tension measurement device for axial loaded cords. Cordage-based flexible structure systems are used by NASA as parachutes and inflatable structures. For engineers to fully design, develop, and test these ty"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-83--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-83", "Cord Tension Measurement Device (C-Gauge)", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed the C-Gauge, a non-invasive tension measurement device for axial loaded cords. Cordage-based flexible structure systems are used by NASA as parachutes and inflatable structures. For engineers to fully design, develop, and test these ty"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-84", "MSC-TOPS-84", "Liquid Sorbent Carbon Dioxide Removal System", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with Jacobs Technology, and IRPI, have developed a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective carbon dioxide (CO2) removal and dehumidification system. The new system is designed for ventilation applications and utilizes a gentle, pass"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-84--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-84", "Liquid Sorbent Carbon Dioxide Removal System", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with Jacobs Technology, and IRPI, have developed a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective carbon dioxide (CO2) removal and dehumidification system. The new system is designed for ventilation applications and utilizes a gentle, pass"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-85", "MSC-TOPS-85", "Upper Body Robotic Exoskeleton", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a soft, wearable, robotic upper limb exoskeleton garment designed to actively control the shoulder and elbow, both positioning the limb in specific orientations and commanding the limb through desired motions. The invention was develop"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-85--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-85", "Upper Body Robotic Exoskeleton", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a soft, wearable, robotic upper limb exoskeleton garment designed to actively control the shoulder and elbow, both positioning the limb in specific orientations and commanding the limb through desired motions. The invention was develop"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-86", "MSC-TOPS-86", "Human-Powered Ventilator", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have created a human-powered ventilator that utilizes hand-pump motions, rather than hand or wrist motions such as with a Bag Valve Mask (BVM), to help stabilize respiratory distress in a patient, without electricity. By using an arm-pumping motion to operate "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-86--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-86", "Human-Powered Ventilator", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have created a human-powered ventilator that utilizes hand-pump motions, rather than hand or wrist motions such as with a Bag Valve Mask (BVM), to help stabilize respiratory distress in a patient, without electricity. By using an arm-pumping motion to operate "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-89", "MSC-TOPS-89", "‘Diamond Maker’ Technology Simulates Subsurface Geology in Laboratories", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a novel, double capsule control system that allows for high temperature and high-pressure geologic research to be performed in a contained environment relevant to a broad array of materials. It can also yield the speciation of redox-sensitive el"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-89--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-89", "‘Diamond Maker’ Technology Simulates Subsurface Geology in Laboratories", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a novel, double capsule control system that allows for high temperature and high-pressure geologic research to be performed in a contained environment relevant to a broad array of materials. It can also yield the speciation of redox-sensitive el"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-90", "MSC-TOPS-90", "Spacecraft to Remove Orbital Debris", "aerospace", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed an Active Debris Removal Vehicle (ADRV) that can remove large orbital debris from low-Earth orbit (LEO). The ADRV will approach a debris object, assess its characteristics and motion, determine an initial capture trajectory, match its rotation ra"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-90--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-90", "Spacecraft to Remove Orbital Debris", "aerospace", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed an Active Debris Removal Vehicle (ADRV) that can remove large orbital debris from low-Earth orbit (LEO). The ADRV will approach a debris object, assess its characteristics and motion, determine an initial capture trajectory, match its rotation ra"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-91", "MSC-TOPS-91", "RFID-Enabled Wireless Instrumentation", "instrumentation", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a wireless instrumentation system whose sensor tags can operate for years in a low-power hibernation state with instantaneous over-the-air passive RFID wakeup using only a small coin cell battery. The sensor tags, which are embedded with a proce"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-91--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-91", "RFID-Enabled Wireless Instrumentation", "instrumentation", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a wireless instrumentation system whose sensor tags can operate for years in a low-power hibernation state with instantaneous over-the-air passive RFID wakeup using only a small coin cell battery. The sensor tags, which are embedded with a proce"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-92", "MSC-TOPS-92", "Automated Fabric Circuit and Antenna Fabrication", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a cost-effective method to create fabric-based circuits and antennas by combining conventional embroidery with automated milling. The technology allows for higher surface conductivity, improved impedance control, expanded design and application "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-92--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-92", "Automated Fabric Circuit and Antenna Fabrication", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a cost-effective method to create fabric-based circuits and antennas by combining conventional embroidery with automated milling. The technology allows for higher surface conductivity, improved impedance control, expanded design and application "], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-93", "MSC-TOPS-93", "Wearable RFID Sensor Tags With Priority Data Forwarding", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adaptable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system that optimizes transmission for priority data as targets move in and out of passive coverage areas. The method extends the range, and reduces data latency, of ultra-low power battery-assi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-93--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-93", "Wearable RFID Sensor Tags With Priority Data Forwarding", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adaptable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system that optimizes transmission for priority data as targets move in and out of passive coverage areas. The method extends the range, and reduces data latency, of ultra-low power battery-assi"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-94", "MSC-TOPS-94", "Human Tissue-Like Cellular Assemblies Grown for Respiratory Studies", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technology that yields three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like assemblies (TLAs) of human broncho-epithelial (HBE) cells for in vitro research on infection of humans by respiratory viruses. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cel"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-94--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-94", "Human Tissue-Like Cellular Assemblies Grown for Respiratory Studies", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technology that yields three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like assemblies (TLAs) of human broncho-epithelial (HBE) cells for in vitro research on infection of humans by respiratory viruses. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cel"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-95", "MSC-TOPS-95", "3D Mineralized Bone Constructs", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technique to grow 3D tissue constructs, similar to human bone, in a laboratory environment. Problems arise when studying both the normal state and pathophysiology of bone. As an organ system, it is slow growing, so the time to study and observ"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-95--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-95", "3D Mineralized Bone Constructs", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technique to grow 3D tissue constructs, similar to human bone, in a laboratory environment . Problems arise when studying both the normal state and pathophysiology of bone. As an organ system, it is slow growing, so the time to study and obser"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-96", "MSC-TOPS-96", "Noninvasive Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center researching time-variance magnetic field (TVMF) therapies have developed a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device that can alleviate cartilage degradation in synovial joints by promoting the growth of new cartilage. Joint disorders, whether induced by rheu"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-96--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-96", "Noninvasive Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center researching time-variance magnetic field (TVMF) therapies have developed a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device that can alleviate cartilage degradation in synovial joints by promoting the growth of new cartilage. Joint disorders, whether induced by rheu"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-97", "MSC-TOPS-97", "Pouch Cell Format Li-ion Calorimeter", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center developed a technique to test thermal management systems of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries called Small Format fractional Thermal Runaway Calorimetry (S-FTRC) utilizing unique testing hardware. This technique provides enhanced characterization of Li-ion cell t"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-99", "MSC-TOPS-99", "Triggering Li-ion Battery Cells with Laser Radiation", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a high-powered infrared (IR) laser that can trigger Li-ion battery cells into thermal runaway (TR) without perforating the battery’s can wall like previous methods. Inducing TR in a battery cell allows engineers to test and improve the safety pe"], ["patent", "MSC-TOPS-99--MSC-TOPS", "MSC-TOPS-99", "Triggering Li-ion Battery Cells with Laser Radiation", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a high-powered infrared (IR) laser that can trigger Li-ion battery cells into thermal runaway (TR) without perforating the battery’s can wall like previous methods. Inducing TR in a battery cell allows engineers to test and improve the safety pe"], ["patent", "NPO-TOPS-14", "NPO-TOPS-14", "Biomarker Sensor Arrays for Microfluidics Applications", "sensors", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) offers a method to manufacture biomarker sensor arrays with nanoscale resolution and active regions on the order of 1 micron, by applying nanolithographic direct-write techniques to the fabrication of silane chemistry sensors on a transparent substrate. This no"], ["patent", "NPO-TOPS-15", "NPO-TOPS-15", "Improved Indium Bump Bonding Using Multi-Step Plasma Process", "materials and coatings", "JPL", "Indium bump bonding is one standard method of connecting electronic chips to circuit boards. Indium solder bumps are deposited over contact pads of both the chip and the board, and then the contact pads are aligned and pressed together to form an electrically conductive bond. One issue with this tec"], ["patent", "NPO-TOPS-59", "NPO-TOPS-59", "High-Performance, Lightweight, Easy-to-Fabricate Heat Exchanger", "power generation and storage", "JPL", "Researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have developed an advanced heat exchanger that addresses problems typically associated with metal-based systems. Unlike typical metal heat exchangers, which suffer from high thermal expansion and high density, JPL's innovation offers several impr"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-1", "SSC-TOPS-1", "In Situ Performance Monitoring of Piezoelectric Sensors and Accelerometers", "sensors", "SSC", "An in situ measurement system for monitoring the performance of piezoelectric sensors, particularly accelerometers, was developed. With this technology, characteristics such as resonant frequency, response, cable status, connectivity, bonding and linear range, can be determined. Sensors can be teste"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-1--SSC-TOPS", "SSC-TOPS-1", "In Situ Performance Monitoring of Piezoelectric Sensors and Accelerometers", "sensors", "SSC", "An in situ measurement system for monitoring the performance of piezoelectric sensors, particularly accelerometers, was developed. With this technology, characteristics such as resonant frequency, response, cable status, connectivity, bonding and linear range, can be determined. Sensors can be teste"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-10", "SSC-TOPS-10", "Supersonic Spike Diffuser", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "Standard cylindrical and second-throat diffusers allow supersonic gas flows to expand within their walls and pull a vacuum on any upstream void. However, the high-Mach-number shock reflections that occur in the center of the plume create substantial losses and result in an inefficient pumping proces"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-10--SSC-TOPS", "SSC-TOPS-10", "Supersonic Spike Diffuser", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "Standard cylindrical and second-throat diffusers allow supersonic gas flows to expand within their walls and pull a vacuum on any upstream void. However, the high-Mach-number shock reflections that occur in the center of the plume create substantial losses and result in an inefficient pumping proces"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-12", "SSC-TOPS-12", "HYPERFIRE", "propulsion", "SSC", "The two main sub-scale, ground-based rocket aerodynamics testing techniques hot-fire testing and cold-flow testing pose a series of tradeoffs. Hot-fire testing is generally much more accurate, but is often burdensome, costly, and requires long lead times due to design work, infrastructure preparatio"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-12--SSC-TOPS", "SSC-TOPS-12", "HYPERFIRE", "propulsion", "SSC", "The two main sub-scale, ground-based rocket aerodynamics testing techniques – hot-fire testing and cold-flow testing – pose a series of tradeoffs. Hot-fire testing is generally much more accurate, but is often burdensome, costly, and requires long lead times due to design work, infrastructure prepar"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-2", "SSC-TOPS-2", "Floating Piston Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "The valve developed consists of a solid piston floating in a medium to control the flow stream. The piston is designed to be axially and radially balanced within the flow stream whether the valve is in the open or closed position. The only force imparted onto the piston is that which the operator ch"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-2--SSC-TOPS", "SSC-TOPS-2", "Floating Piston Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "The valve developed consists of a solid piston floating in a medium to control the flow stream. The piston is designed to be axially and radially balanced within the flow stream whether the valve is in the open or closed position. The only force imparted onto the piston is that which the operator ch"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-9", "SSC-TOPS-9", "Cryogenic Cam Butterfly Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "Typical butterfly valves cannot seal at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. At cryogenic temperatures, valves grow and shrink, changing critical dimensions such as distance between the disc and seat. Ideally, valves would compensate. The inability of existing butterfly valves to do this trigger"], ["patent", "SSC-TOPS-9--SSC-TOPS", "SSC-TOPS-9", "Cryogenic Cam Butterfly Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "Typical butterfly valves cannot seal at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. At cryogenic temperatures, valves grow and shrink, changing critical dimensions such as distance between the disc and seat. Ideally, valves would compensate. The inability of existing butterfly valves to do this trigger"], ["patent", "TOP2-102", "TOP2-102", "Spatial Standard Observer (SSO)", "optics", "ARC", "The Spatial Standard Observer (SSO) was developed to predict the detectability of spatial contrast targets such as those used in the ModelFest project. The SSO is a lumped parameter model basing its predictions on the visible contrast generalized energy. Visible contrast means that the contrast has "], ["patent", "TOP2-102--TOP2-102", "TOP2-102", "Spatial Standard Observer (SSO)", "optics", "ARC", "The Spatial Standard Observer (SSO) was developed to predict the detectability of spatial contrast targets such as those used in the ModelFest project. The SSO is a lumped parameter model basing its predictions on the visible contrast generalized energy. Visible contrast means that the contrast has "], ["patent", "TOP2-106", "TOP2-106", "Contaminated Water Treatment", "environment", "ARC", "Scientists at NASA Ames have developed a method and system that offers a novel way of processing and recycling of liquids to remove contaminants. Space exploration requires a life-support system that sustains astronauts on journeys lasting from a few days to several weeks or longer. The life-support"], ["patent", "TOP2-106--TOP2-106", "TOP2-106", "Contaminated Water Treatment", "environment", "ARC", "Scientists at NASA Ames have developed a method and system that offers a novel way of processing and recycling of liquids to remove contaminants. Space exploration requires a life-support system that sustains astronauts on journeys lasting from a few days to several weeks or longer. The life-support"], ["patent", "TOP2-109", "TOP2-109", "FACET: Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool", "aerospace", "ARC", "The NASA Ames Research Center offers the opportunity to license FACET, a flexible software tool for air traffic management. With thousands of planes flying overhead in the U.S. at any given time, there is an urgent need for tools that help avoid air traffic incidents and delays. To help air traffic "], ["patent", "TOP2-109--TOP2-109", "TOP2-109", "FACET: Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool", "aerospace", "ARC", "The NASA Ames Research Center offers the opportunity to license FACET, a flexible software tool for air traffic management. With thousands of planes flying overhead in the U.S. at any given time, there is an urgent need for tools that help avoid air traffic incidents and delays. To help air traffic "], ["patent", "TOP2-112", "TOP2-112", "Gas Sensors Based on Coated and Doped Carbon Nanotubes", "sensors", "ARC", "NASAs Ames Research Center offers the opportunity to license and codevelop electronic, inexpensive, low-power gas sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Traditional sensors, such as metal oxide devices, have been utilized for several decades for detection of combustible and toxic g"], ["patent", "TOP2-112--TOP2-112", "TOP2-112", "Gas Sensors Based on Coated and Doped Carbon Nanotubes", "sensors", "ARC", "NASAs Ames Research Center offers the opportunity to license and codevelop electronic, inexpensive, low-power gas sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Traditional sensors, such as metal oxide devices, have been utilized for several decades for detection of combustible and toxic g"], ["patent", "TOP2-160", "TOP2-160", "Solar Powered Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Conversion", "power generation and storage", "ARC", "NASA has developed a new technology that can convert the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (C02) into fuel by using solar-powered, thin-film devices. Metal oxide thin films are fabricated to produce a photoelectrochemical cell that is powered by solar energy. By converting CO2 to fuel before it is emitt"], ["patent", "TOP2-160--TOP2-160", "TOP2-160", "Solar Powered Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Conversion", "power generation and storage", "ARC", "NASA has developed a new technology that can convert the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (C02) into fuel by using solar-powered, thin-film devices. Metal oxide thin films are fabricated to produce a photoelectrochemical cell that is powered by solar energy. By converting CO2 to fuel before it is emitt"], ["patent", "TOP2-162", "TOP2-162", "Transformable Hypersonic Aerodynamic Decelerator", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a game changing deployable aeroshell concept for entry, descent and landing (EDL) of large science and exploration-class payloads.The Adaptable, Deployable Entry Placement Technology (ADEPT) concept is a mechanically deployable semi-rigid aeroshell entry system capable of achievin"], ["patent", "TOP2-162--TOP2-162", "TOP2-162", "Transformable Hypersonic Aerodynamic Decelerator", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a game changing deployable aeroshell concept for entry, descent and landing (EDL) of large science and exploration-class payloads.The Adaptable, Deployable Entry Placement Technology (ADEPT) concept is a mechanically deployable semi-rigid aeroshell entry system capable of achievin"], ["patent", "TOP2-164", "TOP2-164", "Video Acuity Measurement System", "optics", "ARC", "There is a widely acknowledged need for metrics to quantify the performance of video systems. NASAs new empirical Video Acuity metric, is simple to measure and relates directly to task performance. Video acuity is determined by the smallest letters that can be automatically identified using a video "], ["patent", "TOP2-164--TOP2-164", "TOP2-164", "Video Acuity Measurement System", "optics", "ARC", "There is a widely acknowledged need for metrics to quantify the performance of video systems. NASAs new empirical Video Acuity metric, is simple to measure and relates directly to task performance. Video acuity is determined by the smallest letters that can be automatically identified using a video "], ["patent", "TOP2-165", "TOP2-165", "Nanosatellite Launch Adapter System", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed and patented a technology called Nanosatellite Launch Adapter System (NLAS) that maximizes the efficiency of satellite launch opportunities. NLAS increases access to space while simplifying the integration process of miniature satellites, called nanosats or cubesats, onto launch v"], ["patent", "TOP2-165--TOP2-165", "TOP2-165", "Nanosatellite Launch Adapter System", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed and patented a technology called Nanosatellite Launch Adapter System (NLAS) that maximizes the efficiency of satellite launch opportunities. NLAS increases access to space while simplifying the integration process of miniature satellites, called nanosats or cubesats, onto launch v"], ["patent", "TOP2-166", "TOP2-166", "Variable Geometry Aircraft Wing Supported By Struts and/or Trusses", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has patented a new technology for an aircraft configuration that utilizes a strut/truss-braced oblique variable-sweep wing mounted on a constant cross-section geometry fuselage. In practice, the wing would start in a position closely aligned with the fuselage. This allows the aircraft to easily"], ["patent", "TOP2-166--TOP2-166", "TOP2-166", "Variable Geometry Aircraft Wing Supported By Struts and/or Trusses", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has patented a new technology for an aircraft configuration that utilizes a strut/truss-braced oblique variable-sweep wing mounted on a constant cross-section geometry fuselage. In practice, the wing would start in a position closely aligned with the fuselage. This allows the aircraft to easily"], ["patent", "TOP2-167", "TOP2-167", "Woven Thermal Protection System", "manufacturing", "ARC", "NASA's Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET) is a 3-D woven heatshield design made to efficiently reject extreme heating during space vehicle entry into a planetary atmosphere. HEEET is a system to protect probe or scientific payload. The technology presents a revolutionary app"], ["patent", "TOP2-167--TOP2-167", "TOP2-167", "Woven Thermal Protection System", "manufacturing", "ARC", "NASA's Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET) is a 3-D woven heatshield design made to efficiently reject extreme heating during space vehicle entry into a planetary atmosphere. HEEET is a system to protect probe or scientific payload. The technology presents a revolutionary app"], ["patent", "TOP2-168", "TOP2-168", "Dynamic Weather Routes Tool", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a ground-based aircraft flight automation system and tool that can save significant amounts of time and fuel in challenging weather situations. The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes in-flight aircraft in en-route airspace to find corrections"], ["patent", "TOP2-168--TOP2-168", "TOP2-168", "Dynamic Weather Routes Tool", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a ground-based aircraft flight automation system and tool that can save significant amounts of time and fuel in challenging weather situations. The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes in-flight aircraft in en-route airspace to find corrections"], ["patent", "TOP2-169", "TOP2-169", "Nanosensor Array for Medical Diagnoses", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative approach to improve the quality and convenience of medical diagnosis, and data transmission for immediate therapy. The new technology uses a network of nanochemical sensors on a silicon chip combined with a monitoring system composed of humidity, temperature, and pre"], ["patent", "TOP2-169--TOP2-169", "TOP2-169", "Nanosensor Array for Medical Diagnoses", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative approach to improve the quality and convenience of medical diagnosis, and data transmission for immediate therapy. The new technology uses a network of nanochemical sensors on a silicon chip combined with a monitoring system composed of humidity, temperature, and pre"], ["patent", "TOP2-175", "TOP2-175", "Inductive Monitoring System", "information technology and software", "ARC", "The Inductive Monitoring System (IMS) software utilizes techniques from the fields of model-based reasoning, machine learning, and data mining to build system monitoring knowledge bases from archived or simulated sensor data. Unlike some other machine learning techniques, IMS does not require exampl"], ["patent", "TOP2-175--TOP2-175", "TOP2-175", "Inductive Monitoring System", "information technology and software", "ARC", "The Inductive Monitoring System (IMS) software utilizes techniques from the fields of model-based reasoning, machine learning, and data mining to build system monitoring knowledge bases from archived or simulated sensor data. Unlike some other machine learning techniques, IMS does not require exampl"], ["patent", "TOP2-182", "TOP2-182", "Dielectrophoresis-Based Particle Sensor Using Nanoelectrode Arrays", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA has developed a technology that uses nanostructure electrode arrays and non-constant electrical fields to sense the presence of a selected species particle. Sample preparation is one of the key functions in detection of biologically important organisms. It involves controlled separation, concen"], ["patent", "TOP2-183", "TOP2-183", "Surface Densification Of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA)", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "This technology from NASA allows a graded-surface densification of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). PICA was developed at NASA Ames Research Center in the 1980s for the forebody heatshield of the Stardust Return Capsule. With a low density (~0.27g/cm), coupled with efficient ablative capa"], ["patent", "TOP2-183--TOP2-183", "TOP2-183", "Surface Densification Of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA)", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "This technology from NASA allows a graded-surface densification of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). PICA was developed at NASA Ames Research Center in the 1980s for the forebody heatshield of the Stardust Return Capsule. With a low density (~0.27g/cm), coupled with efficient ablative capa"], ["patent", "TOP2-184", "TOP2-184", "Optimum Solar Conversion Cell Configurations", "power generation and storage", "ARC", "NASA has invented a new optical fiber that is suitable for solar lighting applications and electrical generation. A key feature is the integration of photovoltaic material for electricity generation. Fiber solar cells surpass both the efficiency and functionality of traditional flat-panel solar cell"], ["patent", "TOP2-184--TOP2-184", "TOP2-184", "Optimum Solar Conversion Cell Configurations", "power generation and storage", "ARC", "NASA has invented a new optical fiber that is suitable for solar lighting applications and electrical generation. A key feature is the integration of photovoltaic material for electricity generation. Fiber solar cells surpass both the efficiency and functionality of traditional flat-panel solar cell"], ["patent", "TOP2-186", "TOP2-186", "HeartBeatID", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "One or more biometric indicia, such as fingerprints, voice-prints, retinal scans, and facial features are often proposed to be used to identify, or to authenticate the asserted identity of a user who seeks access to a given resource. This invention provides a method and associated system for authent"], ["patent", "TOP2-186--TOP2-186", "TOP2-186", "HeartBeatID", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "One or more biometric indicia, such as fingerprints, voice-prints, retinal scans, and facial features are often proposed to be used to identify, or to authenticate the asserted identity of a user who seeks access to a given resource. This invention provides a method and associated system for authent"], ["patent", "TOP2-188", "TOP2-188", "Selective Access and Editing in a Database", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method and system that provides selective access to different portions of a database by different subgroups of database users. In this system two or more members of a given access subgroup can edit simultaneously a document accessible to each member. This database system provide"], ["patent", "TOP2-188--TOP2-188", "TOP2-188", "Selective Access and Editing in a Database", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method and system that provides selective access to different portions of a database by different subgroups of database users. In this system two or more members of a given access subgroup can edit simultaneously a document accessible to each member. This database system provide"], ["patent", "TOP2-194", "TOP2-194", "Enhanced Project Management Tool", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Many organizations face complex, hierarchical program and management structures, each with its own budget, requirements, milestones, and goals. This invention is a system for managing a project that includes multiple tasks and a plurality of workers. Input information includes characterizations base"], ["patent", "TOP2-194--TOP2-194", "TOP2-194", "Enhanced Project Management Tool", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Many organizations face complex, hierarchical program and management structures, each with its own budget, requirements, milestones, and goals. This invention is a system for managing a project that includes multiple tasks and a plurality of workers. Input information includes characterizations base"], ["patent", "TOP2-196", "TOP2-196", "Co-Optimization of Blunt Body Shapes for Moving Vehicles", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has patented a design optimization method for optimal shapes for hypersonic vehicles with mid-range lift/drag ratios that enter or operate in planetary atmospheres, including Earth. The design method provides optimized aerodynamic properties (maximizing maneuverability and stability) and aero-t"], ["patent", "TOP2-196--TOP2-196", "TOP2-196", "Co-Optimization of Blunt Body Shapes for Moving Vehicles", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has patented a design optimization method for optimal shapes for hypersonic vehicles with mid-range lift/drag ratios that enter or operate in planetary atmospheres, including Earth. The design method provides optimized aerodynamic properties (maximizing maneuverability and stability) and aero-t"], ["patent", "TOP2-197", "TOP2-197", "Habitat Water Wall for Water, Solids, and Atmosphere Recycle and Reuse", "environment", "ARC", "NASA has created a unique approach to water, solids, and atmosphere recycle and reuse. The membrane water wall concept includes a system for membrane-based water, solids, and air treatment functions that is embedded into the walls of inflatable or rigid habitat structures. It provides novel and pote"], ["patent", "TOP2-197--TOP2-197", "TOP2-197", "Habitat Water Wall for Water, Solids, and Atmosphere Recycle and Reuse", "environment", "ARC", "NASA has created a unique approach to water, solids, and atmosphere recycle and reuse. The membrane water wall concept includes a system for membrane-based water, solids, and air treatment functions that is embedded into the walls of inflatable or rigid habitat structures. It provides novel and pote"], ["patent", "TOP2-198", "TOP2-198", "Strobing to Mitigate Vibration for Display Legibility", "optics", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative method and apparatus for reducing the visual blur of an object being viewed by an observer in a vibration environment . This method mitigates the motion blur introduced when a display, and/or the operator reading it, is undergoing vibration (e.g., during the launch p"], ["patent", "TOP2-200", "TOP2-200", "Green aviation - improved aerodynamic efficiency and less fuel burn", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has created and combined two new concepts aircraft aerodynamic control surfaces and active wing-shaping control to reduce aircraft drag and lower fuel consumption. The first concept is referred to as a variable camber continuous trailing edge flap or, alternatively, a variable camber continuous"], ["patent", "TOP2-200--TOP2-200", "TOP2-200", "Green aviation - improved aerodynamic efficiency and less fuel burn", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has created and combined two new concepts aircraft aerodynamic control surfaces and active wing-shaping control to reduce aircraft drag and lower fuel consumption. The first concept is referred to as a variable camber continuous trailing edge flap or, alternatively, a variable camber continuous"], ["patent", "TOP2-202", "TOP2-202", "Method and Device for Biometric Verification and Identification", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method for verifying the identity of a person based on his or her heartbeat electrocardiogram signal. The technique uses an algorithm that has been shown to be more reliable than other current procedures, such as fingerprint verification, retina verification, or detecting biomet"], ["patent", "TOP2-202--TOP2-202", "TOP2-202", "Method and Device for Biometric Verification and Identification", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method for verifying the identity of a person based on his or her heartbeat electrocardiogram signal. The technique uses an algorithm that has been shown to be more reliable than other current procedures, such as fingerprint verification, retina verification, or detecting biomet"], ["patent", "TOP2-211", "TOP2-211", "Creating Low Density Flexible Ablative Materials", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has created a new approach to make a low density flexible ablative Thermal Protection Surface (TPS) material. The material is foldable and can be stowed in space for very long periods of time (years) without compromising deployability or performance. These flexible ablators offer an alternative"], ["patent", "TOP2-211--TOP2-211", "TOP2-211", "Creating Low Density Flexible Ablative Materials", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has created a new approach to make a low density flexible ablative Thermal Protection Surface (TPS) material. The material is foldable and can be stowed in space for very long periods of time (years) without compromising deployability or performance. These flexible ablators offer an alternative"], ["patent", "TOP2-213", "TOP2-213", "Monitoring and Control of Each Nanosatellite within a Cluster of Nanosatellites", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative combination of a Magnetometer, low-powered ElectroMagnets, and Resonant Inductive Coupling (MEMRIC) to create and control relative positioning of nano satellites within a cluster. This is a game-changing approach to enable distributed nanosatellite (nanosat) clusters"], ["patent", "TOP2-213--TOP2-213", "TOP2-213", "Monitoring and Control of Each Nanosatellite within a Cluster of Nanosatellites", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative combination of a Magnetometer, low-powered ElectroMagnets, and Resonant Inductive Coupling (MEMRIC) to create and control relative positioning of nano satellites within a cluster. This is a game-changing approach to enable distributed nanosatellite (nanosat) clusters"], ["patent", "TOP2-215", "TOP2-215", "A New Family of Low-Density, Flexible Ablators", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method for producing a flexible, fibrous ablator thermal protection material for use on space vehicles experiencing temperatures of 1000 F (550 C) or above upon atmospheric re-entry. The flexible ablator has controllable elastic modulus and controllable flexibility to withstand "], ["patent", "TOP2-215--TOP2-215", "TOP2-215", "A New Family of Low-Density, Flexible Ablators", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method for producing a flexible, fibrous ablator thermal protection material for use on space vehicles experiencing temperatures of 1000° F (550° C) or above upon atmospheric re-entry. The flexible ablator has controllable elastic modulus and controllable flexibility to withstan"], ["patent", "TOP2-218", "TOP2-218", "Fabricating printable electronics and biosensor chips", "manufacturing", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique approach for an atmospheric pressure plasma-based process for fabrication of printable electronics and functional coatings. The need for low-cost and environmentally friendly processes for fabricating printable electronics and biosensor chips is rapidly growing. This plas"], ["patent", "TOP2-218--TOP2-218", "TOP2-218", "Fabricating printable electronics and biosensor chips", "manufacturing", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique approach for an atmospheric pressure plasma-based process for fabrication of printable electronics and functional coatings. The need for low-cost and environmentally friendly processes for fabricating printable electronics and biosensor chips is rapidly growing. This plas"], ["patent", "TOP2-226", "TOP2-226", "A New Class of Strong and Flexible Carbon Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Composites", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has filed a patent on a technology that creates a new class of phenolic and carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composites for thermal protection systems. The new materials have the advantage of being lightweight, strong, tough, yet heat resistant, and flexible. Their best characteristic is their "], ["patent", "TOP2-226--TOP2-226", "TOP2-226", "A New Class of Strong and Flexible Carbon Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Composites", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has filed a patent on a technology that creates a new class of phenolic and carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composites for thermal protection systems. The new materials have the advantage of being lightweight, strong, tough, yet heat resistant, and flexible. Their best characteristic is their "], ["patent", "TOP2-237", "TOP2-237", "Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management", "aerospace", "ARC", "To enable significant commercial use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) within lower altitude airspace and airspace that does not interfere with regular National Airspace System (NAS) operations, an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) system is required. Such UTM system needs to su"], ["patent", "TOP2-237--TOP2-237", "TOP2-237", "Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management", "aerospace", "ARC", "To enable significant commercial use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) within lower altitude airspace and airspace that does not interfere with regular National Airspace System (NAS) operations, an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) system is required. Such UTM system needs to su"], ["patent", "TOP2-240", "TOP2-240", "Residual Mode Filters", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique control algorithm and synthesis method that uses a system's output to modify control inputs to cause the system to track a reference model or a fixed value in the presence of unmodeled system dynamics, varying operating environments and unpredictable disturbances. The uni"], ["patent", "TOP2-240--TOP2-240", "TOP2-240", "Residual Mode Filters", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique control algorithm and synthesis method that uses a system's output to modify control inputs to cause the system to track a reference model or a fixed value in the presence of unmodeled system dynamics, varying operating environments and unpredictable disturbances. The uni"], ["patent", "TOP2-241", "TOP2-241", "Thermal protection supplement for reducing interface thermal mismatch", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has a new innovation that represents an exciting leap forward in reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) technology. The Toughened Uni-Piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC) allows for much more affordable and sustainable operations involving Space Launch Services and"], ["patent", "TOP2-241--TOP2-241", "TOP2-241", "Thermal protection supplement for reducing interface thermal mismatch", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has a new innovation that represents an exciting leap forward in reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) technology. The Toughened Uni-Piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC) allows for much more affordable and sustainable operations involving Space Launch Services and"], ["patent", "TOP2-244", "TOP2-244", "Multifunctional Ablative Thermal Protection System", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique and robust multifunctional material called 3DMAT that meets both the structural and thermal performance needs for a lunar return mission and beyond. The 3DMAT Thermal Protection System (TPS) uses a game-changing woven technology tailored to the needs of the Orion Multi-Pu"], ["patent", "TOP2-244--TOP2-244", "TOP2-244", "Multifunctional Ablative Thermal Protection System", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique and robust multifunctional material called 3DMAT that meets both the structural and thermal performance needs for a lunar return mission and beyond. The 3DMAT Thermal Protection System (TPS) uses a game-changing woven technology tailored to the needs of the Orion Multi-Pu"], ["patent", "TOP2-245", "TOP2-245", "Interactive Diagnostic Modeling Evaluator", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed an interactive diagnostic modeling evaluator (i-DME) tool to aid in modeling for noise and lag in the data and debugging of system models when fault detection, isolation, and recovery results are incorrect. i-DME is designed to dramatically speed up the modeling debugging pro"], ["patent", "TOP2-245--TOP2-245", "TOP2-245", "Interactive Diagnostic Modeling Evaluator", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed an interactive diagnostic modeling evaluator (i-DME) tool to aid in modeling for noise and lag in the data and debugging of system models when fault detection, isolation, and recovery results are incorrect. i-DME is designed to dramatically speed up the modeling debugging pro"], ["patent", "TOP2-246", "TOP2-246", "Portable Medical Diagnosis Instrument", "instrumentation", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel technology strategy called \"The NASA Analyzer\" that would provide comprehensive in-flight medical diagnostic capability in a compact, hand-held device for human deep-space missions such as Mars. Key features of the technology include the ability to handle multiple sample t"], ["patent", "TOP2-246--TOP2-246", "TOP2-246", "Portable Medical Diagnosis Instrument", "instrumentation", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel technology strategy called \"The NASA Analyzer\" that would provide comprehensive in-flight medical diagnostic capability in a compact, hand-held device for human deep-space missions such as Mars. Key features of the technology include the ability to handle multiple sample t"], ["patent", "TOP2-248", "TOP2-248", "Space Optical Communications Using Laser Beams", "communications", "ARC", "NASA has developed a new laser beam pointing technology for use in space optical communications. With further development, possible applications include communications from the Earth to spacecraft in Earth orbit and in deep space, such as at the moon and Mars. A possible application is to the Artemi"], ["patent", "TOP2-248--TOP2-248", "TOP2-248", "Space Optical Communications Using Laser Beams", "communications", "ARC", "NASA has developed a new laser beam pointing technology for use in space optical communications. With further development, possible applications include communications from the Earth to spacecraft in Earth orbit and in deep space, such as at the moon and Mars. A possible application is to the Artemi"], ["patent", "TOP2-256", "TOP2-256", "3D Construction of Biologically Derived Materials", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel approach for macroscale biomaterial production by combining synthetic biology with 3D printing. Cells are biologically engineered to deposit desired materials, such as proteins or metals, derived from locally available resources. The bioengineered cells build different mat"], ["patent", "TOP2-256--TOP2-256", "TOP2-256", "3D Construction of Biologically Derived Materials", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel approach for macroscale biomaterial production by combining synthetic biology with 3D printing. Cells are biologically engineered to deposit desired materials, such as proteins or metals, derived from locally available resources. The bioengineered cells build different mat"], ["patent", "TOP2-258", "TOP2-258", "Method and System for Air Traffic Rerouting for Air-space Constraint Resolution", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center's National Airspace System (NAS) Constraint Evaluation and Notification Tool (NASCENT) is a dynamic, ground-based, airspace constraint avoidance system that automatically analyzes routes of flying or predeparture aircraft, in or near constrained regions (due to weather, Spe"], ["patent", "TOP2-258--TOP2-258", "TOP2-258", "Method and System for Air Traffic Rerouting for Air-space Constraint Resolution", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center's National Airspace System (NAS) Constraint Evaluation and Notification Tool (NASCENT) is a dynamic, ground-based, airspace constraint avoidance system that automatically analyzes routes of flying or predeparture aircraft, in or near constrained regions (due to weather, Spe"], ["patent", "TOP2-260", "TOP2-260", "New Resin Systems for Thermal Protection Materials", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "This innovation focuses on an improved low density ablator with improved structural performance and high temperature capability. A new polymer system consisting of cyanate ester and phthalonitrile resins were used to create this carbon reinforced ablator. Cyanate ester resin is a thermoset resin whi"], ["patent", "TOP2-260--TOP2-260", "TOP2-260", "New Resin Systems for Thermal Protection Materials", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "This innovation focuses on an improved low density ablator with improved structural performance and high temperature capability. A new polymer system consisting of cyanate ester and phthalonitrile resins were used to create this carbon reinforced ablator. Cyanate ester resin is a thermoset resin whi"], ["patent", "TOP2-265", "TOP2-265", "Low Cost Star Tracker Software", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "A star tracker or similar navigation device is needed for a Small Spacecraft, to provide highly accurate attitude information and to determine location and velocity vectors. NASA has developed a novel technology, a star tracker, as part of its extremely low cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardw"], ["patent", "TOP2-265--TOP2-265", "TOP2-265", "Low Cost Star Tracker Software", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "A star tracker or similar navigation device is needed for a Small Spacecraft, to provide highly accurate attitude information and to determine location and velocity vectors. NASA has developed a novel technology, a star tracker, as part of its extremely low cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardw"], ["patent", "TOP2-267", "TOP2-267", "Cost Optimized Test of Spacecraft Avionics and Technologies(COTSAT) Modular Spacecraft Software Architecture", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "The Cost Optimized Test of Spacecraft Avionics and Technologies (COTSAT) was specifically developed to reduce the cost of designing and building spacecraft technologies while enabling rapid prototyping. The prototype spacecraft, also known as CheapSat, is the first of what could potentially be a ser"], ["patent", "TOP2-267--TOP2-267", "TOP2-267", "Cost Optimized Test of Spacecraft Avionics and Technologies(COTSAT) Modular Spacecraft Software Architecture", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "The Cost Optimized Test of Spacecraft Avionics and Technologies (COTSAT) was specifically developed to reduce the cost of designing and building spacecraft technologies while enabling rapid prototyping. The prototype spacecraft, also known as CheapSat, is the first of what could potentially be a ser"], ["patent", "TOP2-268", "TOP2-268", "Oculometric Testing for Detecting/Characterizing Mild Neural Impairment", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "This novel technology is a screening tool to screen for neurological disorders or injury detecting oculomotor signatures. The tool can be used to measure/monitor the severity and nature of such symptoms. Eye movements are the most frequent, shortest-latency, and biomechanically simplest voluntary mo"], ["patent", "TOP2-268--TOP2-268", "TOP2-268", "Oculometric Testing for Detecting/Characterizing Mild Neural Impairment", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "This novel technology is a screening tool to screen for neurological disorders or injury detecting oculomotor signatures. The tool can be used to measure/monitor the severity and nature of such symptoms. Eye movements are the most frequent, shortest-latency, and biomechanically simplest voluntary mo"], ["patent", "TOP2-271", "TOP2-271", "Airborne Background Oriented Schlieren Technique", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel method to render visible the density changes in air that cause a refractive index change by an airborne vehicle. These density changes include shock waves, vortices, engine exhaust, and wakes. The determination of location and strength of shockwaves and vortices is fundame"], ["patent", "TOP2-271--TOP2-271", "TOP2-271", "Airborne Background Oriented Schlieren Technique", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel method to render visible the density changes in air that cause a refractive index change by an airborne vehicle. These density changes include shock waves, vortices, engine exhaust, and wakes. The determination of location and strength of shockwaves and vortices is fundame"], ["patent", "TOP2-272", "TOP2-272", "Method for Transferring a Spacecraft from Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit to Lunar Orbit", "aerospace", "ARC", "This novel innovation from Ames Research Center allows spacecraft to share rides with larger spacecraft which are headed to Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO). The secondary spacecraft is dropped off Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) at any time during the day or year and will subsequently enter lun"], ["patent", "TOP2-272--TOP2-272", "TOP2-272", "Method for Transferring a Spacecraft from Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit to Lunar Orbit", "aerospace", "ARC", "This novel innovation from Ames Research Center allows spacecraft to share rides with larger spacecraft which are headed to Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO). The secondary spacecraft is dropped off Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) at any time during the day or year and will subsequently enter lun"], ["patent", "TOP2-274", "TOP2-274", "Affordable Vehicle Avionics (AVA)", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center has developed a novel low-cost, self-contained Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) subsystem for developers and operators of small-payload Space Launch Vehicles (SLVs). Small satellites are becoming ever more capable of performing valuable missions for both government an"], ["patent", "TOP2-274--TOP2-274", "TOP2-274", "Affordable Vehicle Avionics (AVA)", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center has developed a novel low-cost, self-contained Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) subsystem for developers and operators of small-payload Space Launch Vehicles (SLVs). Small satellites are becoming ever more capable of performing valuable missions for both government an"], ["patent", "TOP2-276", "TOP2-276", "Rapid Nucleic Acid Isolation Method and Fluid Handling Devices", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Sample preparation is a common bottleneck in genetic analysis. Tools that reduce time and effort are of great value in a laboratory setting. There is a need for a genetic analysis/detection system that is not only mobile, ruggedized, and easy-to-use but that also provides an enclosed fluid handling,"], ["patent", "TOP2-276--TOP2-276", "TOP2-276", "Rapid Nucleic Acid Isolation Method and Fluid Handling Devices", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Sample preparation is a common bottleneck in genetic analysis. Tools that reduce time and effort are of great value in a laboratory setting. There is a need for a genetic analysis/detection system that is not only mobile, ruggedized, and easy-to-use but that also provides an enclosed fluid handling,"], ["patent", "TOP2-277", "TOP2-277", "Airborne Machine Learning Estimates for Local Winds and Kinematics", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Future Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and air taxis will require advanced onboard autonomy to operate safely within complex and dynamic urban environments. Urban landscapes are dynamic and constantly evolving. In addition to multi-directional, intense, and seemingly unpredictable winds often created "], ["patent", "TOP2-277--TOP2-277", "TOP2-277", "Airborne Machine Learning Estimates for Local Winds and Kinematics", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Future Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and air taxis will require advanced onboard autonomy to operate safely within complex and dynamic urban environments. Urban landscapes are dynamic and constantly evolving. In addition to multi-directional, intense, and seemingly unpredictable winds often created "], ["patent", "TOP2-279", "TOP2-279", "Real-Time Drag Opti-mization Control Framework", "aerospace", "ARC", "Fuel efficiency is a major aircraft design consideration. Current and future-generation aircraft wing technology is moving toward lightweight, flexible, and high aspect ratio wing design. Wing flexibility can adversely impact aircraft performance, structural integrity, stability, and control. The ae"], ["patent", "TOP2-279--TOP2-279", "TOP2-279", "Real-Time Drag Opti-mization Control Framework", "aerospace", "ARC", "Fuel efficiency is a major aircraft design consideration. Current and future-generation aircraft wing technology is moving toward lightweight, flexible, and high aspect ratio wing design. Wing flexibility can adversely impact aircraft performance, structural integrity, stability, and control. The ae"], ["patent", "TOP2-281", "TOP2-281", "Adaptive wind estimation for small unmanned aerial systems using motion data", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) are becoming increasingly popular for research, commercial, and military usage due to their affordability resulting from their small size, low cost and simple hardware structure. Their lightweight structure and limited power make the sUAS vulnerable to wind distu"], ["patent", "TOP2-281--TOP2-281", "TOP2-281", "Adaptive wind estimation for small unmanned aerial systems using motion data", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) are becoming increasingly popular for research, commercial, and military usage due to their affordability resulting from their small size, low cost and simple hardware structure. Their lightweight structure and limited power make the sUAS vulnerable to wind distu"], ["patent", "TOP2-282", "TOP2-282", "Multi-Objective Flight Control Optimization Framework", "aerospace", "ARC", "As aircraft wings become more flexible, adverse aerodynamic interactions with the wing structure can result in changes in the wing shapes due to aeroelastic deflections that can prevent the optimal aerodynamic performance from being realized. The flexible wing structure can also be more susceptible "], ["patent", "TOP2-282--TOP2-282", "TOP2-282", "Multi-Objective Flight Control Optimization Framework", "aerospace", "ARC", "As aircraft wings become more flexible, adverse aerodynamic interactions with the wing structure can result in changes in the wing shapes due to aeroelastic deflections that can prevent the optimal aerodynamic performance from being realized. The flexible wing structure can also be more susceptible "], ["patent", "TOP2-283", "TOP2-283", "In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU): Methylotrophic Microorganisms Expressing Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Proteins", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Long duration missions to planetary bodies and deep space will require new technological developments that support human habitation in transit and on distant bodies. Microorganisms are unique from the standpoint that they can be employed as self-replicating bio-factories to produce both native and e"], ["patent", "TOP2-283--TOP2-283", "TOP2-283", "In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU): Methylotrophic Microorganisms Expressing Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Proteins", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Long duration missions to planetary bodies and deep space will require new technological developments that support human habitation in transit and on distant bodies. Microorganisms are unique from the standpoint that they can be employed as self-replicating bio-factories to produce both native and e"], ["patent", "TOP2-287", "TOP2-287", "Fine-pointing Optical Communication System Using Laser Arrays", "communications", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed a novel system in its portfolio for optical data transmissions from satellites using laser arrays for laser beam pointing. It is a fine pointing capability for laser beam pointing to augment body pointing by CubeSats in Low Orbit Earth (LEO). It is simple, static and compact."], ["patent", "TOP2-287--TOP2-287", "TOP2-287", "Fine-pointing Optical Communication System Using Laser Arrays", "communications", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed a novel system in its portfolio for optical data transmissions from satellites using laser arrays for laser beam pointing. It is a fine pointing capability for laser beam pointing to augment body pointing by CubeSats in Low Orbit Earth (LEO). It is simple, static and compact."], ["patent", "TOP2-288", "TOP2-288", "Intelligent Conversational Research Assistant", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed a community-driven, context-aware intelligent research assistant system (MATA - Sanskrit name for the Earth) which is capable of engaging with users in a conversational manner using natural language dialogue, invoking external community-provided web services to obtain informa"], ["patent", "TOP2-288--TOP2-288", "TOP2-288", "Intelligent Conversational Research Assistant", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed a community-driven, context-aware intelligent research assistant system (MATA - Sanskrit name for the Earth) which is capable of engaging with users in a conversational manner using natural language dialogue, invoking external community-provided web services to obtain informa"], ["patent", "TOP2-292", "TOP2-292", "Solid State Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensor", "sensors", "ARC", "Detection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is very important for environmental, health, safety and space applications. CO2 is a harmful pollutant at higher concentrations due to its ability to displace oxygen in large concentrations. Current commercial sensors for CO2 have issues and shortcomings particular "], ["patent", "TOP2-292--TOP2-292", "TOP2-292", "Solid State Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensor", "sensors", "ARC", "Detection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is very important for environmental, health, safety and space applications. CO2 is a harmful pollutant at higher concentrations due to its ability to displace oxygen in large concentrations. Current commercial sensors for CO2 have issues and shortcomings particular "], ["patent", "TOP2-293", "TOP2-293", "Calculation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads Using Fast-Response Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP)", "instrumentation", "ARC", "Many important physical problems in aero-sciences involve unsteady, separated flows. The ability to measure and compute these flows has been a persistent challenge. Unsteady aerodynamics leads to unsteady loads which ultimately decrease system performance and shortens the system lifetime. Currently,"], ["patent", "TOP2-293--TOP2-293", "TOP2-293", "Calculation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads Using Fast-Response Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP)", "instrumentation", "ARC", "Many important physical problems in aero-sciences involve unsteady, separated flows. The ability to measure and compute these flows has been a persistent challenge. Unsteady aerodynamics leads to unsteady loads which ultimately decrease system performance and shortens the system lifetime. Currently,"], ["patent", "TOP2-294", "TOP2-294", "Space Traffic Management (STM) Architecture", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Space is becoming increasingly congested due to rising numbers of on-orbit satellites and debris objects. Despite growing awareness of the orbital debris problem, recent developments such as launch ride sharing, growth in availability of small launch vehicles, and particularly large scale satellite "], ["patent", "TOP2-294--TOP2-294", "TOP2-294", "Space Traffic Management (STM) Architecture", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Space is becoming increasingly congested due to rising numbers of on-orbit satellites and debris objects. Despite growing awareness of the orbital debris problem, recent developments such as launch ride sharing, growth in availability of small launch vehicles, and particularly large scale satellite "], ["patent", "TOP2-295", "TOP2-295", "Completely biodegradable filtration system for waste metal recovery from aqueous solution", "environment", "ARC", "Rapid socio-economic development and technological advancement has made the hazardous chemical components of end-of-life electronics waste (e-waste) an imminent challenge. Conventional extraction methods rely on energy-intensive processes and are inefficient when applied to recycling e-waste or wast"], ["patent", "TOP2-295--TOP2-295", "TOP2-295", "Completely biodegradable filtration system for waste metal recovery from aqueous solution", "environment", "ARC", "Rapid socio-economic development and technological advancement has made the hazardous chemical components of end-of-life electronics waste (e-waste) an imminent challenge. Conventional extraction methods rely on energy-intensive processes and are inefficient when applied to recycling e-waste or wast"], ["patent", "TOP2-296", "TOP2-296", "Closed Ecological System Network Data Collection, Analysis, Control, and Optimization System", "environment", "ARC", "The Earth's biosphere is the most sophisticated complex adaptive system known to exist in the entire universe and has persisted for over 4 billion years. A complex adaptive system is a network of interacting adaptive systems whose nonlinear dynamics and emergent behaviors are difficult to predict an"], ["patent", "TOP2-296--TOP2-296", "TOP2-296", "Closed Ecological System Network Data Collection, Analysis, Control, and Optimization System", "environment", "ARC", "The Earth's biosphere is the most sophisticated complex adaptive system known to exist in the entire universe and has persisted for over 4 billion years. A complex adaptive system is a network of interacting adaptive systems whose nonlinear dynamics and emergent behaviors are difficult to predict an"], ["patent", "TOP2-297", "TOP2-297", "Anti-Phase Noise Suppression Rotor Technologies", "aerospace", "ARC", "All rotorcraft experience rotor noise and vibration that present operational challenges due to the unsteady forces that result from blade vortex shedding. Rotor noise is often a nuisance, and excessive rotor vibration can be hazardous. Several methods exist to deal with the noise and vibration from "], ["patent", "TOP2-297--TOP2-297", "TOP2-297", "Anti-Phase Noise Suppression Rotor Technologies", "aerospace", "ARC", "All rotorcraft experience rotor noise and vibration that present operational challenges due to the unsteady forces that result from blade vortex shedding. Rotor noise is often a nuisance, and excessive rotor vibration can be hazardous. Several methods exist to deal with the noise and vibration from "], ["patent", "TOP2-299", "TOP2-299", "Modular Artificial-Gravity Orbital Refinery Spacecraft", "manufacturing", "ARC", "The Modular Artificial-Gravity Orbital Refinery Spacecraft is a novel technology from NASA Ames Research Center for in-situ refining or recycling of materials in space, including mass from asteroids, Mars moons, orbiting \"space junk\" debris, and for in-situ creation of products from operations in lo"], ["patent", "TOP2-299--TOP2-299", "TOP2-299", "Modular Artificial-Gravity Orbital Refinery Spacecraft", "manufacturing", "ARC", "The Modular Artificial-Gravity Orbital Refinery Spacecraft is a novel technology from NASA Ames Research Center for in-situ refining or recycling of materials in space, including mass from asteroids, Mars moons, orbiting \"space junk\" debris, and for in-situ creation of products from operations in lo"], ["patent", "TOP2-300", "TOP2-300", "Room temperature oxygen sensors", "sensors", "ARC", "Oxygen (O 2 ) sensors are used in a wide array of applications, including electronic fuel injection and emissions control in the automotive industry, for monitoring oxygen levels in controlled environments, such as in space craft or space suits, for oxygen monitoring in medical and pharmaceutical ap"], ["patent", "TOP2-300--TOP2-300", "TOP2-300", "Room temperature oxygen sensors", "sensors", "ARC", "Oxygen (O 2 ) sensors are used in a wide array of applications, including electronic fuel injection and emissions control in the automotive industry, for monitoring oxygen levels in controlled environments, such as in space craft or space suits, for oxygen monitoring in medical and pharmaceutical ap"], ["patent", "TOP2-301", "TOP2-301", "Fully Automated High-Throughput Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "ARC", "The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process uses a 3D printer to convert a filament into a three-dimensional manufactured object by melting the filament and depositing it in built-up layers to form the desired object, where the movement of the printing head is controlled by computer code. The automation"], ["patent", "TOP2-301--TOP2-301", "TOP2-301", "Fully Automated High-Throughput Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "ARC", "The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process uses a 3D printer to convert a filament into a three-dimensional manufactured object by melting the filament and depositing it in built-up layers to form the desired object, where the movement of the printing head is controlled by computer code. The automation"], ["patent", "TOP2-302", "TOP2-302", "Extractor for Chemical Analysis of Lipid Biomarkers in Regolith (ExCALiBR)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "Lipids are organic molecules used by all life on Earth, primarily for building membranes that encompass cells. The analysis of lipid biomarkers has gained increasing importance within environmental and archaeological fields because biomarkers are representative of particular plant and animal sources"], ["patent", "TOP2-302--TOP2-302", "TOP2-302", "Extractor for Chemical Analysis of Lipid Biomarkers in Regolith (ExCALiBR)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "Lipids are organic molecules used by all life on Earth, primarily for building membranes that encompass cells. The analysis of lipid biomarkers has gained increasing importance within environmental and archaeological fields because biomarkers are representative of particular plant and animal sources"], ["patent", "TOP2-303", "TOP2-303", "Aerospace Vehicle Entry Flightpath Control", "aerospace", "ARC", "The state-of-the-art in hypersonic entry Guidance and Control (G&C) is traditionally based on rigid entry vehicles, like the Orion capsule, Space Shuttle, etc., that use a Reaction Control System (RCS) to control the bank angle of the vehicle. However, for future high mass missions to Mars, advancem"], ["patent", "TOP2-303--TOP2-303", "TOP2-303", "Aerospace Vehicle Entry Flightpath Control", "aerospace", "ARC", "The state-of-the-art in hypersonic entry Guidance and Control (G&C) is traditionally based on rigid entry vehicles, like the Orion capsule, Space Shuttle, etc., that use a Reaction Control System (RCS) to control the bank angle of the vehicle. However, for future high mass missions to Mars, advancem"], ["patent", "TOP2-304", "TOP2-304", "Computer-implemented energy depletion radiation shielding", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "Radiation shielding for space as well as some terrestrial applications is challenging due to the wide variety and energy ranges of radiation particles. Thin layers of material or shielding, or both, placed between the radiation environment and a target, sensitive electronics or biology, has some eff"], ["patent", "TOP2-305", "TOP2-305", "Enhancing Fault Isolation and Detection for Electric Powertrains of UAVs", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASAs System-Wide Safety (SWS) project is developing innovative data solutions to assure safe, rapid, and repeatable access to a transformed National Airspace System. The increasing number of electric propulsion systems that will enter the airspace will require systems that ensure high safety standa"], ["patent", "TOP2-305--TOP2-305", "TOP2-305", "Enhancing Fault Isolation and Detection for Electric Powertrains of UAVs", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA’s System-Wide Safety (SWS) project is developing innovative data solutions to assure safe, rapid, and repeatable access to a transformed National Airspace System. The increasing number of electric propulsion systems that will enter the airspace will require systems that ensure high safety stand"], ["patent", "TOP2-306", "TOP2-306", "Meta Monitoring System (MMS)", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Various software approaches exist that determine whether a given instrumented system is experiencing anomalous behavior. Many anomaly detection systems simply generate some type of deviation score, then rely on a subject matter expert to evaluate the data and recommend a course of action. These eval"], ["patent", "TOP2-306--TOP2-306", "TOP2-306", "Meta Monitoring System (MMS)", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Various software approaches exist that determine whether a given instrumented system is experiencing anomalous behavior. Many anomaly detection systems simply generate some type of deviation score, then rely on a subject matter expert to evaluate the data and recommend a course of action. These eval"], ["patent", "TOP2-307", "TOP2-307", "Electrochemical Sensors Based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Biological assays are ever evolving to move towards lower limits of detection and improved sensitivity. Improvements in trace biological molecule detection can have significant impact in healthcare, food safety and environmental safety industries. Detection of trace biological molecules can be criti"], ["patent", "TOP2-307--TOP2-307", "TOP2-307", "Electrochemical Sensors Based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Biological assays are ever evolving to move towards lower limits of detection and improved sensitivity. Improvements in trace biological molecule detection can have significant impact in healthcare, food safety and environmental safety industries. Detection of trace biological molecules can be criti"], ["patent", "TOP2-308", "TOP2-308", "Active Turbulence Suppression System for Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles", "aerospace", "ARC", "Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, conceptualized to be used as air taxis for transporting cargo or passengers, are generally lighter in weight than jet-fueled aircraft, and fly at lower altitudes than commercial aircraft. These differences render them more susceptible to turbu"], ["patent", "TOP2-308--TOP2-308", "TOP2-308", "Active Turbulence Suppression System for Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles", "aerospace", "ARC", "Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, conceptualized to be used as air taxis for transporting cargo or passengers, are generally lighter in weight than jet-fueled aircraft, and fly at lower altitudes than commercial aircraft. These differences render them more susceptible to turbu"], ["patent", "TOP2-309", "TOP2-309", "Microfluidics Pressure-Based Switching and Valving Array", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "Traditionally, laboratory operations in fields such as molecular biology and organic chemistry have required “humans in the loop,” a major inefficiency source and bottleneck for automation. Many lab-on-a-chip devices are designed to perform specific tasks, and do not offer programmable movement of m"], ["patent", "TOP2-309--TOP2-309", "TOP2-309", "Microfluidics Pressure-Based Switching and Valving Array", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "Traditionally, laboratory operations in fields such as molecular biology and organic chemistry have required “humans in the loop,” a major inefficiency source and bottleneck for automation. Many lab-on-a-chip devices are designed to perform specific tasks, and do not offer programmable movement of m"], ["patent", "TOP2-310", "TOP2-310", "Reversible Androgynous Mechanical Fastener", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Researchers at NASA Ames Research Center have developed an androgynous fastener with high misalignment tolerance characteristics, which is suitable for robotic actuation. This fastener was developed in conjunction with a high-performance building-block structural system that can be robotically assem"], ["patent", "TOP2-310--TOP2-310", "TOP2-310", "Reversible Androgynous Mechanical Fastener", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Researchers at NASA Ames Research Center have developed an androgynous fastener with high misalignment tolerance characteristics, which is suitable for robotic actuation. This fastener was developed in conjunction with a high-performance building-block structural system that can be robotically assem"], ["patent", "TOP2-311", "TOP2-311", "Spacecraft with Artificial Gravity Modules", "aerospace", "ARC", "Space travel is becoming increasingly accessible in recent years with the advancement of private space programs as well as NASA space programs such as the Mars Exploration Program. For both space tourism and space exploration, there is an interest in generating artificial gravity in space for entert"], ["patent", "TOP2-311--TOP2-311", "TOP2-311", "Spacecraft with Artificial Gravity Modules", "aerospace", "ARC", "Space travel is becoming increasingly accessible in recent years with the advancement of private space programs as well as NASA space programs such as the Mars Exploration Program. For both space tourism and space exploration, there is an interest in generating artificial gravity in space for entert"], ["patent", "TOP2-313", "TOP2-313", "Methods for Predicting Transonic Flutter Using Simple Data Models", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aircraft moving at transonic speeds (i.e., ~0.7 to 0.85 Mach - or near the speed of sound) experience transonic wing flutter. Engineers have traditionally relied on experimental or computational methods to understand wing flutter for the design process. Modeling wing flutter using the customary comp"], ["patent", "TOP2-313--TOP2-313", "TOP2-313", "Methods for Predicting Transonic Flutter Using Simple Data Models", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aircraft moving at transonic speeds (i.e., ~0.7 to 0.85 Mach - or near the speed of sound) experience transonic wing flutter. Engineers have traditionally relied on experimental or computational methods to understand wing flutter for the design process. Modeling wing flutter using the customary comp"], ["patent", "TOP2-314", "TOP2-314", "Centralized Data Management Platform", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Many organizations have data stored in differing formats and various locations throughout the organization and often outside the organization. It is often difficult to access such data and to determine and access interconnected data and data derivatives. Developed at NASA Ames Research Center is a n"], ["patent", "TOP2-314--TOP2-314", "TOP2-314", "Centralized Data Management Platform", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Many organizations have data stored in differing formats and various locations throughout the organization and often outside the organization. It is often difficult to access such data and to determine and access interconnected data and data derivatives. Developed at NASA Ames Research Center is a n"], ["patent", "TOP2-315", "TOP2-315", "Method for discrete assembly of Cuboctahedron Lattice Materials", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Aeronautical and aerospace applications require strong and stiff lightweight materials and structures. The invention relates to a construction system for mechanical metamaterials based on discrete assembly of a finite set of types of parts, which can be assembled in varying orders to produce spatial"], ["patent", "TOP2-315--TOP2-315", "TOP2-315", "Method for discrete assembly of Cuboctahedron Lattice Materials", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Aeronautical and aerospace applications require strong and stiff lightweight materials and structures. The invention relates to a construction system for mechanical metamaterials based on discrete assembly of a finite set of types of parts, which can be assembled in varying orders to produce spatial"], ["patent", "TOP2-316", "TOP2-316", "Additively Manufactured Oscillating Heat Pipe for High Performance Cooling in High Temperature Applications", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "High performance cooling techniques for enhanced heat transfer for high temperature applications are increasingly important, particularly in the field of aerospace engineering. For example, leading edges of wings on hypersonic vehicles may reach upwards of 2000 C, and such heat quickly degrades the "], ["patent", "TOP2-316--TOP2-316", "TOP2-316", "Additively Manufactured Oscillating Heat Pipe for High Performance Cooling in High Temperature Applications", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "High performance cooling techniques for enhanced heat transfer for high temperature applications are increasingly important, particularly in the field of aerospace engineering. For example, leading edges of wings on hypersonic vehicles may reach upwards of 2000° C, and such heat quickly degrades the"], ["patent", "TOP2-317", "TOP2-317", "Highly secure all-printed Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) electronic device based on a nanomaterial network", "electrical and electronics", "ARC", "Assets are traditionally secured so important information can only be accessed when a key is placed in a lock (physical or electronic). Given the tremendous increase in the number of devices in the era of Internet of Things (IoT), direct access between things without human intervention is ideal. IoT"], ["patent", "TOP2-317--TOP2-317", "TOP2-317", "Highly secure all-printed Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) electronic device based on a nanomaterial network", "electrical and electronics", "ARC", "Assets are traditionally secured so important information can only be accessed when a key is placed in a lock (physical or electronic). Given the tremendous increase in the number of devices in the era of Internet of Things (IoT), direct access between things without human intervention is ideal. IoT"], ["patent", "TOP2-319", "TOP2-319", "Wind-Optimal Cruise Airspeed Mode for Flight Management Systems (FMS)", "aerospace", "ARC", "Energy-efficient flight is especially important for commercial viability of aviation. Even a small amount of fuel savings - 5% per flight - can be significant because of the scale of operations, with tens of thousands of flights per day in the US alone. Energy efficient flight planning is even more "], ["patent", "TOP2-319--TOP2-319", "TOP2-319", "Wind-Optimal Cruise Airspeed Mode for Flight Management Systems (FMS)", "aerospace", "ARC", "Energy-efficient flight is especially important for commercial viability of aviation. Even a small amount of fuel savings - 5% per flight - can be significant because of the scale of operations, with tens of thousands of flights per day in the US alone. Energy efficient flight planning is even more "], ["patent", "TOP2-320", "TOP2-320", "Near-Real Time Verification and Validation of Autonomous Flight Operations", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Autonomous systems necessitates timely technological audits to evaluate their performance, conformance, and compliance. For the aviation industry, such a need has already been recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the vehicles, sensors, and systems participating in Extensible T"], ["patent", "TOP2-321", "TOP2-321", "Robotic system for assembly and maintenance of lightweight reconfigurable structures", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Missions to the moon and other planets will require large-scale infrastructure that would benefit from autonomous assembly by robots without on-site human intervention. Modular and reconfigurable structures, such as those built from lattice-based building blocks, are reusable and easy to manufacture"], ["patent", "TOP2-321--TOP2-321", "TOP2-321", "Robotic system for assembly and maintenance of lightweight reconfigurable structures", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Missions to the moon and other planets will require large-scale infrastructure that would benefit from autonomous assembly by robots without on-site human intervention. Modular and reconfigurable structures, such as those built from lattice-based building blocks, are reusable and easy to manufacture"], ["patent", "TOP2-322", "TOP2-322", "Vision-based Approach and Landing System (VALS)", "aerospace", "ARC", "There are certain situations when landing an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft is required to be performed without assistance from GPS data. For example, AAM aircraft flying in an urban environment with tall buildings and narrow canyons may affect the ability of the AAM aircraft to effectively us"], ["patent", "TOP2-322--TOP2-322", "TOP2-322", "Vision-based Approach and Landing System (VALS)", "aerospace", "ARC", "There are certain situations when landing an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft is required to be performed without assistance from GPS data. For example, AAM aircraft flying in an urban environment with tall buildings and narrow canyons may affect the ability of the AAM aircraft to effectively us"], ["patent", "TOP2-323", "TOP2-323", "Hybrid carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composite for Nitric Oxide (NO) detection", "sensors", "ARC", "Nitric Oxide (NO) detection has a wide application from environmental monitoring, industrial process control, combustion studies, oceanographic study to medical diagnoses. NO is a highly unstable, reactive gaseous molecule, making its detection challenging, especially at low concentrations and in hi"], ["patent", "TOP2-323--TOP2-323", "TOP2-323", "Hybrid carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composite for Nitric Oxide (NO) detection", "sensors", "ARC", "Nitric Oxide (NO) detection has a wide application from environmental monitoring, industrial process control, combustion studies, oceanographic study to medical diagnoses. NO is a highly unstable, reactive gaseous molecule, making its detection challenging, especially at low concentrations and in hi"], ["patent", "TOP2-324", "TOP2-324", "Expanded COBRA Oculometrics (ECO) to Include Perimetry and Directional Assessment of Visual and Visuomotor Performance", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Injury and disease can cause localized impairment of the retina and visual cortex. However, standard functional clinical assessment of sub-regions of the visual field and retina employ a crude spatial measure, called perimetry, that is insensitive to milder localized defects and vulnerable to eye-mo"], ["patent", "TOP2-324--TOP2-324", "TOP2-324", "Expanded COBRA Oculometrics (ECO) to Include Perimetry and Directional Assessment of Visual and Visuomotor Performance", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Injury and disease can cause localized impairment of the retina and visual cortex. However, standard functional clinical assessment of sub-regions of the visual field and retina employ a crude spatial measure, called perimetry, that is insensitive to milder localized defects and vulnerable to eye-mo"], ["patent", "TOP2-325", "TOP2-325", "Digital Twin Simulator of the National Airspace System (NAS)", "aerospace", "ARC", "The National Airspace System (NAS) is a challenging system of systems to study and monitor due to the volume of data passing through at any given time, including all information, services, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, personnel, and equipment required to manage flight operations within "], ["patent", "TOP2-325--TOP2-325", "TOP2-325", "Digital Twin Simulator of the National Airspace System (NAS)", "aerospace", "ARC", "The National Airspace System (NAS) is a challenging system of systems to study and monitor due to the volume of data passing through at any given time, including all information, services, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, personnel, and equipment required to manage flight operations within "], ["patent", "TOP2-326", "TOP2-326", "Method And System for Enhancing Vehicle Performance and Design Using Parametric Modeling and Gradient-Based Control Integration", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aerospace vehicles, including aircraft, spacecraft, and autonomous systems, require a balance of physical and control systems to achieve optimal performance. Traditional design approaches treat physical and control parameters separately, leading to suboptimal designs that may not meet stringent oper"], ["patent", "TOP2-326--TOP2-326", "TOP2-326", "Method And System for Enhancing Vehicle Performance and Design Using Parametric Modeling and Gradient-Based Control Integration", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aerospace vehicles, including aircraft, spacecraft, and autonomous systems, require a balance of physical and control systems to achieve optimal performance. Traditional design approaches treat physical and control parameters separately, leading to suboptimal designs that may not meet stringent oper"], ["patent", "TOP2-327", "TOP2-327", "Aerodynamic Framework for Parachute Deployment from Aerial Vehicle", "aerospace", "ARC", "Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, conceptualized to be used as air taxis for transporting cargo or passengers, are not traditionally designed to glide to a safe landing following propulsion failure. As these aircraft may operate either in populated areas or with passengers onb"], ["patent", "TOP2-327--TOP2-327", "TOP2-327", "Aerodynamic Framework for Parachute Deployment from Aerial Vehicle", "aerospace", "ARC", "Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, conceptualized to be used as air taxis for transporting cargo or passengers, are not traditionally designed to glide to a safe landing following propulsion failure. As these aircraft may operate either in populated areas or with passengers onb"], ["patent", "TOP2-328", "TOP2-328", "Systems and methods employing nanomaterial sensors for detecting conditions impacting a Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) profile in breath", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA Ames had previously developed a nanosensor array that uses a sample of patient breath for medical diagnosis. (See TOP2-169.) However, the specific materials that can be used had not been previously identified. NASA Ames has made further developments to enhance the capabilities of the technology"], ["patent", "TOP2-328--TOP2-328", "TOP2-328", "Systems and methods employing nanomaterial sensors for detecting conditions impacting a Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) profile in breath", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA Ames had previously developed a nanosensor array that uses a sample of patient breath for medical diagnosis. (See TOP2-169.) However, the specific materials that can be used had not been previously identified. NASA Ames has made further developments to enhance the capabilities of the technology"], ["patent", "TOP2-329", "TOP2-329", "Elastic Shape Morphing of Ultra-Light Structures by Programmable Assembly", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aerostructure parts made from ultra-light materials, such as a lattice covered by a skin, present an opportunity to dramatically increase the efficiency of load bearing aerostructures. NASA Ames Research Center has been developing lighter-than-air vehicle and structure concepts using octahedral unit"], ["patent", "TOP2-329--TOP2-329", "TOP2-329", "Elastic Shape Morphing of Ultra-Light Structures by Programmable Assembly", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aerostructure parts made from ultra-light materials, such as a lattice covered by a skin, present an opportunity to dramatically increase the efficiency of load bearing aerostructures. NASA Ames Research Center has been developing lighter-than-air vehicle and structure concepts using octahedral unit"], ["patent", "TOP2-330", "TOP2-330", "Multistage Free-Flight Testing System", "aerospace", "ARC", "During atmospheric entry of blunt-body vehicles, such as a crew capsule or planetary probe, travel through the supersonic and transonic regimes can induce divergent instabilities due to dynamic stability issues, the fundamental understanding of which remains incomplete. Traditional qualification met"], ["patent", "TOP2-330--TOP2-330", "TOP2-330", "Multistage Free-Flight Testing System", "aerospace", "ARC", "During atmospheric entry of blunt-body vehicles, such as a crew capsule or planetary probe, travel through the supersonic and transonic regimes can induce divergent instabilities due to dynamic stability issues, the fundamental understanding of which remains incomplete. Traditional qualification met"], ["patent", "TOP2-331", "TOP2-331", "Flexible Phenolic Intermingled Carbon Ablators (PICA-Flex)", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "For the past three decades, phenolic impregnated carbon ablators (PICAs) have been the state of the art in ablative entry materials for heat shields for Mars and Earth sample return missions for entry conditions. Traditional rigid PICAs have very low density and highly efficient ablative capability "], ["patent", "TOP2-331--TOP2-331", "TOP2-331", "Flexible Phenolic Intermingled Carbon Ablators (PICA-Flex)", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "For the past three decades, phenolic impregnated carbon ablators (PICAs) have been the state of the art in ablative entry materials for heat shields for Mars and Earth sample return missions for entry conditions. Traditional rigid PICAs have very low density and highly efficient ablative capability "], ["patent", "TOP2-332", "TOP2-332", "System and Method for Fluid Dynamic Mass Gauging", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "The accurate measurement of the remaining fluid in a tank is an essential measurement for safe space operations. However, accurately measuring an unknown volume of liquid in microgravity presents significant challenges. Mass measurement systems such as the Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement "], ["patent", "TOP2-332--TOP2-332", "TOP2-332", "System and Method for Fluid Dynamic Mass Gauging", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "The accurate measurement of the remaining fluid in a tank is an essential measurement for safe space operations. However, accurately measuring an unknown volume of liquid in microgravity presents significant challenges. Mass measurement systems such as the Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement "], ["patent", "TOP2-333", "TOP2-333", "Optimized Airfoil Design for Aerial Flight Vehicles in Low-Reynolds Flight", "aerospace", "ARC", "The success of the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity has inspired efforts to improve fundamental understanding of compressible, low Reynolds number aerodynamics and wing/rotor performance, especially in atmospheres of very low densities. Studies have focused on optimizing unconventional airfoils, revealing "], ["patent", "TOP2-333--TOP2-333", "TOP2-333", "Optimized Airfoil Design for Aerial Flight Vehicles in Low-Reynolds Flight", "aerospace", "ARC", "The success of the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity has inspired efforts to improve fundamental understanding of compressible, low Reynolds number aerodynamics and wing/rotor performance, especially in atmospheres of very low densities. Studies have focused on optimizing unconventional airfoils, revealing "], ["patent", "TOP2-334", "TOP2-334", "Lateral Flow Thin Layer Chromatography (LF TLC): Instrumentation to Enable In Situ Separation of Organics", "instrumentation", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center has developed a compact, lightweight thin layer chromatography (TLC) method to separate complex mixtures and enhance molecular characterization on thin films. Building on the patented ExCALiBR instrument for extracting trace organics from regolith, Ames researchers created "], ["patent", "TOP2-334--TOP2-334", "TOP2-334", "Lateral Flow Thin Layer Chromatography (LF TLC): Instrumentation to Enable In Situ Separation of Organics", "instrumentation", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center has developed a compact, lightweight thin layer chromatography (TLC) method to separate complex mixtures and enhance molecular characterization on thin films. Building on the patented ExCALiBR instrument for extracting trace organics from regolith, Ames researchers created "], ["patent", "TOP5-709", "TOP5-709", "GPS-Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS)", "aerospace", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center invites companies to license its GEONS flight software package that provides onboard orbit determination and control in real time, with higher accuracy, without human intervention, and while requiring minimal onboard computing resources. It substantially improves def"], ["patent", "TOP8-95", "TOP8-95", "Ultrasonic Stir Welding", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) developed Ultrasonic Stir Welding (USW) to join large pieces of very high-strength metals such as titanium and Inconel. USW, a solid-state weld process, improves current thermal stir welding processes by adding high-power ultrasonic (HPU) energy at 20 kHz fre"], ["patent", "US10514454B1", "US10514454B1", "Adaptive Radar Thresholding for Cluttered Environments", "aerospace", "FAA", "Teams at the Federal Aviation Administration have developed a patented radar enhancement technology that improves detection accuracy in environments where large, complex structures such as wind turbines interfere with conventional radar. By dynamically adjusting detection thresholds using both real-"], ["patent", "US10514454B1--US105144", "US10514454B1", "Adaptive Radar Thresholding for Cluttered Environments", "aerospace", "FAA", "Teams at the Federal Aviation Administration have developed a patented radar enhancement technology that improves detection accuracy in environments where large, complex structures such as wind turbines interfere with conventional radar. By dynamically adjusting detection thresholds using both real-"], ["patent", "US11579103B2", "US11579103B2", "Microscale Fire Calorimeter for Combustion and Toxicity Testing", "aerospace", "FAA", "The Federal Aviation Administration have patented a method that enables precise, flame-free analysis of fire chemistry using milligram-scale material samples in a Microscale Fire Calorimeter (MFC). By premixing pyrolysis gases from a heated sample with oxygen under tightly controlled conditions, the"], ["patent", "US11579103B2--US115791", "US11579103B2", "Microscale Fire Calorimeter for Combustion and Toxicity Testing", "aerospace", "FAA", "The Federal Aviation Administration have patented a method that enables precise, flame-free analysis of fire chemistry using milligram-scale material samples in a Microscale Fire Calorimeter (MFC). By premixing pyrolysis gases from a heated sample with oxygen under tightly controlled conditions, the"], ["patent", "US11847923B2", "US11847923B2", "Universal Data Compiler for Drone, Sensor, and System Data Integration", "aerospace", "FAA", "The Universal Data Compiler (UDC) is a flexible, data-agnostic platform designed to integrate, process, and analyze information from diverse Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Developed by the Federal Aviation Administration, the UDC seamlessly consolidates data streams from multiple drone types and s"], ["patent", "US11847923B2--US118479", "US11847923B2", "Universal Data Compiler for Drone, Sensor, and System Data Integration", "aerospace", "FAA", "The Universal Data Compiler (UDC) is a flexible, data-agnostic platform designed to integrate, process, and analyze information from diverse Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Developed by the Federal Aviation Administration, the UDC seamlessly consolidates data streams from multiple drone types and s"], ["patent", "US12230143B1", "US12230143B1", "Multi-Protocol Remote Monitoring for Radio Networks", "aerospace", "FAA", "Teams at the Federal Aviation Administration have developed an innovative system that enables continuous remote monitoring and control of communications equipment that use diverse protocols in an air traffic management or radio network environment. The system eliminates the need for on-site troubles"], ["patent", "US12230143B1--US122301", "US12230143B1", "Multi-Protocol Remote Monitoring for Radio Networks", "aerospace", "FAA", "Teams at the Federal Aviation Administration have developed an innovative system that enables continuous remote monitoring and control of communications equipment that use diverse protocols in an air traffic management or radio network environment. The system eliminates the need for on-site troubles"], ["patent", "US20250224279A1", "US20250224279A1", "Advanced Fire Detection for Aircraft Cargo Holds", "aerospace", "FAA", "This innovation improves how fires are detected in aircraft cargo compartments by using dynamic, time-based sensor analysis instead of relying on static thresholds. By intelligently interpreting temperature data over time, this system reduces false alarms while enabling earlier and more accurate fir"], ["patent", "US20250224279A1--US202502", "US20250224279A1", "Advanced Fire Detection for Aircraft Cargo Holds", "aerospace", "FAA", "This innovation improves how fires are detected in aircraft cargo compartments by using dynamic, time-based sensor analysis instead of relying on static thresholds. By intelligently interpreting temperature data over time, this system reduces false alarms while enabling earlier and more accurate fir"], ["patent", "US8604965B2", "US8604965B2", "Virtual Aircraft Target Generator for ADS-B Testing", "aerospace", "FAA", "This patented system, developed by the Federal Aviation Administration, enables the generation of virtual aircraft targets for safe and efficient testing of avionics systems, such as satellite-based surveillance, including ADS-B. By simulating real aircraft using RF signals embedded with synthetic G"], ["patent", "US8604965B2--US860496", "US8604965B2", "Virtual Aircraft Target Generator for ADS-B Testing", "aerospace", "FAA", "This patented system, developed by the Federal Aviation Administration, enables the generation of virtual aircraft targets for safe and efficient testing of avionics systems, such as satellite-based surveillance, including ADS-B. By simulating real aircraft using RF signals embedded with synthetic G"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-0", "DRC-TOPS-0", "Compact, Temperature-Tuned OFDR Laser", "sensors", "DFRC", "Fiber optic sensing systems (FOSS) have advantages over conventional sensors including lighter weight, smaller size, improved reliability, and higher accuracy. To date, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has perhaps been the most popular fiber optic sensing method. Drawbacks of WDM exist, howeve"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-16", "DRC-TOPS-16", "Streamlined Liquid Level Sensing Using Fiber Optics", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a highly accurate method for measuring liquid levels and other tank gauging applications using optical fibers. Unlike liquid level gauges currently on the market that rely on discrete measurements to give broad approximations of li"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-17", "DRC-TOPS-17", "Sensing Magnetic Fields", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed an optical waveguide fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is sensitive to an external magnetic field. The technology allows direct coupling of the external field to the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating in the fiber, bypassing the ne"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-19", "DRC-TOPS-19", "Improved Ground Collision Avoidance System", "aerospace", "DFRC", "Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have dramatically improved upon existing ground collision avoidance technology for aircraft. NASA's system leverages leading-edge fighter safety technology, adapting it to civil aviation use as an advanced warning system. It offers higher fideli"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-24", "DRC-TOPS-24", "Shape Sensing Innovations Dramatically Improve Structural Design Tools", "sensors", "DFRC", "Advances in fiber optic shape sensing developed at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center are enabling the development of next-generation flexible aircraft wings that maximize structural efficiency and reduce weight, improving fuel efficiency. These same advances will help engineers design stronger"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-25", "DRC-TOPS-25", "Enhanced Fabrication Improves Temperature Sensing in Cryogenic Humid Environments", "sensors", "DFRC", "Researchers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a new manufacturing process that improves the ability of fiber optic sensing systems to measure temperature and liquid levels when operating in humid environments. The process involves eliminating moisture from the optical fiber c"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-26", "DRC-TOPS-26", "Adaptive Spatial Resolution Enables Focused Fiber Optic Sensing", "sensors", "DFRC", "This advanced fiber optic sensing innovation developed at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center offers a unique combination of high-resolution processing and flexibility. The algorithm was originally developed to enhance Armstrong's multi-patented Fiber Optic Sensing System (FOSS). With over 2,000"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-36", "DRC-TOPS-36", "New Wing Design Exponentially Increases Total Aircraft Efficiency", "aerospace", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center are experimenting with a new wing design that removes adverse yaw and dramatically increases aircraft efficiency by reducing drag. Known as the PRANDTL-D wing, this design addresses integrated bending moments and lift to achieve a 12 percent drag"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-37", "DRC-TOPS-37", "Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies", "sensors", "DFRC", "NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center is offering companies that provide sensing solutions for monitoring of structures and asset management of storage tanks a unique opportunity to expand their product line to include unprecedented capabilities. Known as FOSS (for fiber optic sensing system), NAS"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-39", "DRC-TOPS-39", "Axial Magnetic Flux Airflow Integrated Compressor-Generator-Motor Turbojet", "propulsion", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a compressor-generator-motor turbojet design that integrates the generator into the aerodynamic blade structures of the compression section of turbo-machinery. This lowers both weight and volume compared with conventional turbine g"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-41", "DRC-TOPS-41", "A New Twist Makes Rotating Machinery More Efficient and Quieter", "propulsion", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have designed a new shape for propeller blades that dramatically increases their efficiency while reducing noise. Based on improvements achieved via a new wing design known as PRANDTL-D, this innovative propeller design uses an alternative spanlo"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-42", "DRC-TOPS-42", "Gateway Integrates Wireless Sensors with Existing Aircraft Systems at \"the Speed of Software\"", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have found a way to incorporate wireless sensor technology in aerospace vehicles without adding the complexity and tonnage normally associated with physically modifying existing avionics. The solution: A single universal wireless access point or "], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-8", "DRC-TOPS-8", "Real-Time, High-Resolution Terrain Information in Computing-Constrained Environments", "information technology and software", "DFRC", "Data adaptive algorithms are the critically enabling technology for automatic collision avoidance system efforts at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center. These Armstrong-developed algorithms provide an extensive and highly efficient encoding process for global-scale digital terrain maps (DTMs) al"], ["patent_issued", "DRC-TOPS-9", "DRC-TOPS-9", "Lightweight Fiber Optic Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Structural Health", "sensors", "DFRC", "Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a lightweight, robust fiber optic sensing system (FOSS) that represents a major breakthrough in sensing technology. The sensors, along with NASA's sophisticated algorithms, can be used to calculate a variety of critical parameters "], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-10", "GSC-TOPS-10", "AeroPod", "aerospace", "GSFC", "The AeroPod is a passive device that uses aerodynamic forces to stabilize an instrument package suspended from a kite or tethered blimp. It is a low-altitude custom remote sensing platform craft designed for, but not limited to, agricultural and environmental research purposes. AeroPods can be used "], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-102", "GSC-TOPS-102", "FlashPose: Range and intensity image-based terrain and vehicle relative pose estimation algorithm", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed FlashPose, a relative navigation measurement software and VHDL, for space flight missions requiring vehicle-relative and terrain-relative navigation and control. FlashPose processes real-time or recorded range and intensity images from 3D imaging sensor"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-12", "GSC-TOPS-12", "Gear Bearings", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) invites companies to license the revolutionary gear bearing technology. This technology represents a mechanical architecture breakthrough by combining gear and bearing functions into a single unit that significantly improves gear drives across the board for el"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-138", "GSC-TOPS-138", "CubeSat Compatible High Resolution Thermal Infrared Imager", "environment", "GSFC", "The CubeSat Compatible High Resolution Thermal Infrared Imager is a technology with multiple applications. It can be flown on an aircraft, deployed on the International Space Station, launched on a ride-share as an entirely self-contained 3U CubeSat, flown on a small satellite, or be a co-manifested"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-139", "GSC-TOPS-139", "Micro scale electro hydrodynamic (EHD) modular cartridge pump", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "This NASA innovation incorporates a simplistic design that reduces the number of components required to make an assembly by up to 90% over previous iterations, insuring a solid reliable electrical connection to the electrodes that form the pumping sections and is modular in overall design to allow f"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-16", "GSC-TOPS-16", "SMART Solar Sail", "propulsion", "GSFC", "NASA GSFCs SMART (Super Miniaturized Autonomous Reconfigurable Technology) Solar Sail is a deployable, fully autonomous, solar sail for use in a very fine station keeping of a spacecraft. The solar sail would be highly deformable from an initially highly compressed configuration, yet also capable of"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-170", "GSC-TOPS-170", "Cooperative Service Valve for In-orbit Cooperative Satellite Fueling", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed the Cooperative Service Valve (CSV) to facilitate the resupply of media, such as propellants and pressurants, to satellites. The CSV replaces a standard spacecraft fill and drain valve. Spacecraft outfitted with the CSV enable in-orbit servicing with le"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-179", "GSC-TOPS-179", "Smooth-Walled Feed Horn", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a smooth-walled feed horn that addresses the fabrication issues inherent in constructing corrugated feed horns. Corrugated feed horns offer excellent beam symmetry, main beam efficiency, and cross-polar response over wide bandwidths. However, these feed"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-190", "GSC-TOPS-190", "Robotic gripper for satellite capture and servicing", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "The robotic gripper was developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center as part of a robotic satellite servicing mission. The gripping device can be used to autonomously or remotely grasp and control an out-of-fuel or otherwise disabled satellite. Specifically, the gripper interfaces to the separation"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-196", "GSC-TOPS-196", "Self-Phase-Locked Distributed Gain Laser Architecture", "optics", "GSFC", "While both high power and high efficiency laser sources are desired for many applications, limitations on their development and use include power scaling among the many gain materials due to excessive optical intensity. Moreover, as power among many gain elements can be increased, combining the powe"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-199", "GSC-TOPS-199", "Micro non-planar ring oscillator (micro-NPRO", "optics", "GSFC", "Previous non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) designs have stability issues in terms of frequency, polarization, beam quality, mode choice, and output power due to the fact that the non-linear cavity design length prevents avoidance of spatial hole burning. Furthermore, large NPRO crystals are suscepti"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-200", "GSC-TOPS-200", "OH Detection Using Gas Correlation Radiometry", "sensors", "GSFC", "Engineers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed an innovative system to measure hydroxyl (OH) in the atmosphere. Measuring OH is particularly difficult due to its extremely high reactivity and short lifespan, which necessitate active OH generation for use as a reference. However, OH’s"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-208", "GSC-TOPS-208", "Fast and widely tunable monolithic optical parametric oscillator for laser spectrometer", "optics", "GSFC", "For remote sensing spectrometers, wavelength-scanned laser emissions are used to capture the absorption spectrum of targets to perform measurement of soil and/or gas. Previous techniques to accomplish these measurements have involved combining multiple fixed wavelength lasers to detect a single spec"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-212", "GSC-TOPS-212", "Kodiak 3D Lidar", "optics", "GSFC", "High orbit satellite servicing and planetary science missions are presented with unique challenges, including a harsh environment and long mission life, coupled with the need for long range and high speed and accurate measurements. Conventional systems suffer from high costs of bringing other soluti"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-214", "GSC-TOPS-214", "Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) for Ozone Detection", "sensors", "GSFC", "Engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center tasked with measuring atmospheric Ozone, an important pollutant and greenhouse gas, quickly discovered that existing optical instrumentation would not be sufficient to achieve their performance requirements. Specifically, the current systems did not po"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-216", "GSC-TOPS-216", "Hydroxyl Radical (OH) Gas Detector", "sensors", "GSFC", "Hydroxyl radical (OH) is a greenhouse gas that is highly reactive. It reacts with many atmospheric pollutants, including itself, and is considered an important part of eliminating greenhouse gases, especially methane and ozone. OH gas plays a major role in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and "], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-22", "GSC-TOPS-22", "Digital Beamforming Interferometry", "optics", "GSFC", "Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a sophisticated form of radar that implements a single antenna to successfully scan a target area, store the received signals, and coherently process the signals to resolve elements in an image of the target area. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) uses two or more SAR ima"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-223", "GSC-TOPS-223", "Space Weather Database Of Notifications, Knowledge, Information (DONKI)", "environment", "GSFC", "Currently there is no central database for space weather researchers and forecasters to ascertain observed space weather events. Instead, data is being recorded by scientists in a blog. However, this information is not easily searchable. This innovation is a database where weather events are entered"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-225", "GSC-TOPS-225", "Novel Antenna Concept for CubeSat Platforms", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Current Cubesat antenna technology requires packaging during the launch and deployment mechanisms during orbit. This packaging and deployment hardware adds extra volume, weight and complexity to a payload. Additionally, there is a risk of deployment mechanism failure. By integrating the antenna into"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-230", "GSC-TOPS-230", "First Stage Bootloader", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Software often has two main parts. One part is the main operating system (OS) image, which contains an OS kernel and run-time environment. The other part is the ram filesystem image, which contains application libraries. Both parts must be read from flash memory into the correct locations in DDR mem"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-234", "GSC-TOPS-234", "Miniaturized Astrometric Alignment Sensor", "sensors", "GSFC", "Miniature satellites, sometimes called CubeSats, are mainly used for space research. These satellites are employed to demonstrate spacecraft technologies intended for small satellites or that present questionable feasibility and are unlikely to justify the cost of a larger satellite. Scientific expe"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-241", "GSC-TOPS-241", "SpaceCube 3.0 Flight Processor Card", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a family of high-performance reconfigurable systems designed for spaceflight applications requiring on-board processing. SpaceCube 3.0 has greater processing performance over previous generations of SpaceCube. Many proposed missions require next generation on-board processing capabi"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-243", "GSC-TOPS-243", "SpaceCube v2.0 Processor with DDR2 Memory Upgrade", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "The DDR SDRAM memory dies that had been radiation tested and flight qualified have reached end of life. The remaining stock of DDR SDRAM is rapidly dwindling and future projects will require a change to DDR2 SDRAM. Additionally, the next generation of instruments are set to produce even greater amou"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-244", "GSC-TOPS-244", "Update of the Three Dimensional Version of RHSeg and HSeg", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Image segmentation is the partitioning of an image into related sections or regions. For remotely sensed images of the Earth, an example is a map that divides the image into areas labeled by distinct Earth surface covers such as water, snow, and types of natural vegetation. A key problem encountered"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-247", "GSC-TOPS-247", "Robot-Driven Blind Mate Interface", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Many robot operations require connecting modules, tools, or other types of hardware to accomplish assembly or servicing tasks. When working in harsh environments, robots must be enabled to make these kinds of connections without human intervention. These robotic operations must be capable of survivi"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-249", "GSC-TOPS-249", "Silicon Oxide Coated Aluminized Polyimide Film Radiator Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "A miniature satellite, or CubeSat, has deployable solar arrays and/or body mounted solar cells to generate adequate electrical power to meet mission power requirements. The CubeSat’s internal components dissipate heat. In order to maintain the component temperatures within allowable flight limits, t"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-256", "GSC-TOPS-256", "A Broadband, Compact Low-Power microwave Radiometer Down Converter for Small Satellite Applications", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "CubeRRT (CubeSat Radiometer Radio Frequency Interface Technology) is designed for remote earth sensing. The CubeRRT payload has three critical pieces of technology, a wideband antenna unit, a radiometer front-end (RFE) unit, and a radiometer digital back-end (RDB). In order to accommodate these comp"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-262", "GSC-TOPS-262", "Alternative Transparent Coating Lotus Suitable for Optics with Vacuum Deposition Layer", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "NASA instrumentation is at risk for contamination from dusty space environments. Additionally, contamination from water and ice buildup can affect instrumentation function. The innovation of the LOTUS coating prevents contamination on sensitive surfaces, like optics, that cannot be cleaned during sp"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-270", "GSC-TOPS-270", "Active Pointing and Tracking System in Laser Satellite to Satellite Tracking (SST)", "optics", "GSFC", "In laser satellite to satellite tracking for gravity measurements, satellite to satellite separation is measured to the highest precision possible (less than one micrometer). The measurement is conducted with laser links between two satellites, where the laser optical phase change is measured as a f"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-28", "GSC-TOPS-28", "Molecular Adsorber Coating (MAC)", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center has developed a portfolio of molecular adsorber coatings (MAC) to mitigate issues posed by volatile organic compounds (VOC). Many materials contain gasses that are trapped on or within the surface that, when in vacuum, will escape the host material over time - a process k"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-285", "GSC-TOPS-285", "Fluid Transfer Coupler", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic or hydrokinetic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed operation and "], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-286", "GSC-TOPS-286", "SmallSat Standardized Architecture", "aerospace", "GSFC", "Over the past decade, SmallSats have been established as having great potential for science exploration and commercialization of space. SmallSats aim to decrease the cost of space development, making space exploration more accessible. Space agencies, as well as the commercial and defense sectors, ar"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-291", "GSC-TOPS-291", "DellingrX Small Satellite Spacecraft Bus Architecture", "aerospace", "GSFC", "The launch opportunities for SmallSat secondary and tertiary payloads has and will continue to significantly increase due in large part to the inclusion of ESPA rings on most missions that have excess lift capacity, initiatives to include rideshares alongside large NASA missions, and the proliferati"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-293", "GSC-TOPS-293", "SpaceCube 3.0 Mini Processor Card", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SpaceCube 3.0 is a family of high-performance reconfigurable systems designed for spaceflight applications requiring on-board processing. Many proposed missions require next-generation, on-board processing capabilities to meet specified mission goals. Advanced laser altimeter, radar, lidar, and hype"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-296", "GSC-TOPS-296", "Antenna Arraying Capable of Handling Very High Data Rates In Real Time", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA is increasingly designing payloads that require telecommunication transmissions. These payloads increase the competition for telecommunication bandwidth between space and earth. However, increasing the transmission data rate leads to a higher noise to signal ratios. The innovation is an antenna"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-300", "GSC-TOPS-300", "High-Resolution Commercial Validation Products API", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Data obtained from very high resolution (VHR) satellites are difficult to use by scientists for the following reasons. The data is often not in a standard, geographic information system (GIS)-ready format. The data has poor horizontal and vertical co-registration. Once ortho-rectified GeoTiffs are p"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-302", "GSC-TOPS-302", "Serial Arrayed Waveguide Grating", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Dispersive optical elements are important for many applications. In bulk, free-space optics, prisms, and gratings are often used. In optical waveguides, particularly in integrated photonics, arrayed waveguide gratings are most commonly used. AWGs split an optical signal into different wavelength cha"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-317", "GSC-TOPS-317", "NavCube 2.0 Dual Frequency GPS L1/L2C Lunar Receiver", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Autonomous navigation is a critical piece of technology in advancing NASA’s lunar missions. Autonomous navigation is advantageous in reducing network communication load while providing real-time positioning and telemetry. The NavCube 2.0 dual-frequency GPS L1/L2C receiver combines an addition freque"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-323", "GSC-TOPS-323", "Concept Development for Advanced Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can globally monitor dynamic processes on the Earth’s Surface. The last SAR to be developed and deployed by NASA was in the year 2000. This system’s high costs inhibited development of new and improved designs. NASA has developed a new, state of the art, SAR"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-330", "GSC-TOPS-330", "Hypergol Refueling Tool (HRT) and Quick Disconnect (QD) System", "aerospace", "GSFC", "A non-cooperative satellite is a satellite that was not designed with on-orbit servicing in mind. Compared to a cooperative servicing interface, non-cooperative interfaces pose unique difficulties and challenges. Refueling is important to resupply of propellant and required pressurants or other medi"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-341", "GSC-TOPS-341", "Client Berthing System (CBS)", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Historically, satellites that stop functioning due to depleted propellant, system failures, etc., are decommissioned and replaced with a newly built satellite. However, the cost and logistical complexity of satellite replacement is significant, meaning life extension via in-orbit satellite servicing"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-35", "GSC-TOPS-35", "SpaceCube", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "SpaceCube is a cross-cutting, in-flight reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based on-board hybrid science data processing system developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The goal of the SpaceCube program is to provide 10x to 100x improvements in on-board computing po"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-351", "GSC-TOPS-351", "New motors for next-generation in-space servicing", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are of interest to drive tools for in-space servicing due to their reliability, efficiency, and controllability. Current BLDC motors do not meet the needs of space environments, nor do they have common interfaces, limiting their versatility. NASA inventors have"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-354", "GSC-TOPS-354", "Powered Kite with Enhanced Aerial Position Control", "sensors", "GSFC", "Inventors at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed Skyvator, a kite-based aerial observation tool that uses a single tether to effectively position the kite and adjust it to the required altitude. Currently, most kite systems require multiple tethers to support kite positioning adjustmen"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-355", "GSC-TOPS-355", "Reduced PIC fabrication cost by one-step method", "optics", "GSFC", "Researchers at the NASA Goddard Space Center have developed an innovative technique that allows photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chips with multiple devices to be produced with only a single round of electron beam lithography and etching. Traditionally, fabricating PICs with different types of lase"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-359", "GSC-TOPS-359", "SpaceCube Mini Solid State Data Recorder (SSDR)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Upcoming SmallSat missions at NASA and in the commercial space sector require highly performant, miniaturized, and radiation tolerant components. One need is for data recorders capable of storing large quantities of data generated by advanced sensors for extended durations. Commercially available Sm"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-36", "GSC-TOPS-36", "Diminutive Assembly for Nanosatellite deploYables (DANY)", "aerospace", "GSFC", "SmallSats (i.e., mass below 500 kg) are increasingly becoming big business. More than 100 global organizations across academia, governments, and industry are involved in the development of SmallSats of the nanosat/microsat variety (i.e., mass of 1-50 kg). According to SpaceWorks, up to 2,750 such na"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-360", "GSC-TOPS-360", "Visual Inspection Posable Invertebrate Robot (VIPIR)", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "On-orbit spacecraft maintenance and repair of components are critical for extending mission lifespans and ensuring operational safety. Traditional inspection methods, like astronaut extravehicular activities (EVAs), are risky and resource-intensive, while fixed cameras offer limited views. To addres"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-361", "GSC-TOPS-361", "High Performance, All-Metal X-Band Patch Antenna", "communications", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have developed an all-metal, X-band patch antenna with built in choke rings and a polarizer circuit to meet the stringent requirements of high-precision space navigation antennas for the Geodetic Reference Instrument Transponder for Small Satellites ("], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-363", "GSC-TOPS-363", "Advanced AlF3-Passivated Aluminum Mirrors", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Pure aluminum (Al) exhibits an intrinsically high reflectance in the 90 – 2500 nm wavelengths and is commonly used for mirrors in optical applications within this range. However, in order to be used in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) range between 90 – 130 nm, an optical thin film overcoat is needed to pr"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-364", "GSC-TOPS-364", "Portable Integrated Fourier Ptychographic Microscope", "optics", "GSFC", "Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) seeks to address the tradeoff between resolution and field-of-view (FoV) experienced by conventional imaging methods. The technique combines multiple low-resolution images captured under varying illumination angles to reconstruct a single, high-resolution, wide"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-365", "GSC-TOPS-365", "Self-Adjusting Gap System for Charge Mitigation and Monitoring", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA scientists working on the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission identified a critical risk to measurement devices: uncontrolled electrical discharges from surface charging during auroral charging events over polar ice regions. Rotating components on the satellite are espe"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-366", "GSC-TOPS-366", "Integrated-Photonic Electromagnetic Signal Detector", "communications", "GSFC", "In remote sensing and communication systems, designers constantly face the challenge of maintaining high detection sensitivity while minimizing Size, Weight, Power consumption, and Cost (SWaP-C). Small satellites and portable communication devices, for instance, have strict size and power constraint"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-367", "GSC-TOPS-367", "High-Performance Aluminum Mirrors for Far-Ultraviolet Applications", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Aluminum (Al) is known for its high reflectance in the 90 – 2500 nm wavelengths and is commonly used for mirrors in optical applications within this range e.g., for NASA’s proposed Large UV/Optical/IR (LUVOIR) surveyor observatory. However, in order to be used in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral r"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-370", "GSC-TOPS-370", "Ultra-low Reflectivity Black Silicon Pupil Masks", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "NASA’s direct imaging missions for exoplanet discovery rely on coronagraph masks to reduce light scattering and diffraction. These masks play a crucial role in improving contrast and suppressing unwanted reflections, enabling the detection of faint celestial objects. However, traditional masks have "], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-373", "GSC-TOPS-373", "Broadband Metamaterial Termination for Planar Superconducting Transmission Line Circuits", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "NASA scientists at Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a broadband metamaterial termination for planar superconducting transmission line circuits. This technology was created as part of a collaborative effort with researchers on the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) microwave tel"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-374", "GSC-TOPS-374", "Self-Bootstrapping Isolated Power Converter", "electrical and electronics", "GSFC", "Isolated power converters (IPCs) provide safety and performance benefits like noise reduction by separating current flow between a circuit’s input and output. Existing IPCs require bootstrapping the main converter on startup by using a dedicated converter to supply isolated power from the output to "], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-375", "GSC-TOPS-375", "Sensitive, Compact 1x8 Array 530-600 GHz Receiver", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "High-resolution heterodyne-based millimeter-wave spectrometers are used in remote sensing for studying planetary atmospheres. Currently, single-pixel receivers in the submillimeter-wave range provide incomplete information on molecular targets that require simultaneous measurement of differential ta"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-377", "GSC-TOPS-377", "Atomic Layer Deposition-Enhanced Far-to-Mid Infrared Camera Coating", "materials and coatings", "GSFC", "Infrared (IR) cameras for space missions require robust coatings that are cryogenically cooled to reduce thermal noise and are low-reflectance absorptive to mitigate image artifacts such as glinting, ghosting, and internal reflections. Thermal noise reduction improves as temperatures decrease (e.g.,"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-378", "GSC-TOPS-378", "ActiVator: A High-Performance Line Climber for Kite-Based Atmospheric Sensing", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GSFC", "Researchers at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility have developed a high-performance line climber, the ActiVator, for kite-based atmospheric profiling and remote sensing. Designed to carry cameras, atmospheric sensors, and other instrumentation, the ActiVator maintains a precisely controlled center of gr"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-379", "GSC-TOPS-379", "Novel Process to Create Structured Membrane Films for Micromachining Applications", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "Conventional micromachining and etching techniques used in microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices have several disadvantages such as the use of etch stop materials, the use of hazardous gases and specialized equipment, and localized heating effects. As a result, devices or membranes may be damaged or"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-380", "GSC-TOPS-380", "Wideband, Subharmonic Mixer for Spectrometers", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Heterodyne wave spectrometers include a receiver and are configured to analyze electromagnetic waves by mixing an incoming signal with a reference signal (local oscillator - LO) to produce a lower intermediate frequency (IF) for processing. Within the receiver, a mixer plays a crucial role by combin"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-385", "GSC-TOPS-385", "Fabrication of Binary Phase Photon Sieves", "manufacturing", "GSFC", "Conventional methods for focusing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light are challenged by its high energy and short wavelength, which result in chromatic aberrations and material limitations. Photon sieves, which utilize perforated membranes, offer a solution for EUV applications requiring large-area stru"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-386", "GSC-TOPS-386", "WindiWing: Atmospheric Data Collection Line Climber", "instrumentation", "GSFC", "Collecting atmospheric data is crucial for climate research, meteorology, and environmental monitoring. However, traditional methods using drones come with significant challenges, including regulatory restrictions, specialized training, battery constraints, and infrastructure costs. Previous kite-ba"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-387", "GSC-TOPS-387", "TerraROVER", "environment", "GSFC", "Innovators at NASA’s Wallops Flight Center have developed the TerraROVER as part of the AEROKATS and Rover Education Network. The TerraROVER is a 3D-printable, remotely controlled wheeled platform designed for educational and research applications. It features electric propulsion for operation on va"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-388", "GSC-TOPS-388", "Photon-Efficient Scanning LiDAR System", "sensors", "GSFC", "Scanning LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an advanced remote sensing technology that uses laser pulses to create high-resolution, three-dimensional maps of surfaces. Traditional LiDAR systems often lack control over uniform scanning patterns, leading to inefficient or redundant information ove"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-390", "GSC-TOPS-390", "Grid-Oriented Normalization for Analysis of Spherical Areas (GONASA)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Accurate measurement and characterization of surface features on spherical objects, such as planets and moons, is a persistent challenge in planetary science, remote sensing, and atmospheric research. When viewed through traditional two-dimensional imaging, these spherical surfaces become distorted,"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-40", "GSC-TOPS-40", "CubeSat Form Factor Thermal Control Louvers", "aerospace", "GSFC", "As small spacecraft become a part of NASAs repertoire of missions, one reoccurring theme is an increased need for thermal control as power budgets increase and tight instrument temperature tolerances are introduced on smaller platforms. Until now CubeSats have not needed thermal control outside of r"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-42", "GSC-TOPS-42", "A Method For Developing And Maintaining Evolving Systems With Software Product Lines", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Physical manufacturers have been taking advantage of mass manufacturing ideas for a long time, increasing their productivity, cutting their costs, and ensuring the quality and uniformity of their products. Now, this idea is being applied to software production so the same benefits can be reaped in t"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-51", "GSC-TOPS-51", "Miniaturized High-Speed Modulated X-Ray Source (MXS)", "optics", "GSFC", "This miniaturized X-ray source can be modulated in intensity from completely off to full intensity, over 100 keV, in subnanosecond timescales. The high speed switching capability and miniature size make possible many new technologies including X-ray-based communication, compact time resolved X-ray d"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-53", "GSC-TOPS-53", "MERRA/AS and Climate Analytics-as-a-Service (CAaaS)", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) integrates data from a variety of satellite systems with numerical models to produce a temporally and spatially consistent synthesis of climate variables that are not easily observed. MERRA provides global coverage. The MERR"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-56", "GSC-TOPS-56", "Otoacoustic Protection In Biologically-Inspired Systems", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The field of autonomic computing (also known in other parlance as organic computing, biologically inspired computing, self managing systems, etc...) has emerged as a promising means of ensuring reliability, dependability, and survivability in computer based systems, in particular in systems where au"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-6", "GSC-TOPS-6", "Algorithms for stabilizing intelligent networks", "robotics automation and control", "GSFC", "Inspired by psychology, these algorithms could be developed and applied towards creating stable, predictable, and artificially intelligent networks. These algorithms collectively represent ways for intelligent systems to identify and correct unpredictable or unstable behaviors, creating stable emoti"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-63", "GSC-TOPS-63", "The Hilbert-Huang Transform Real-Time Data Processing System", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "One of the main heritage tools used in scientific and engineering data spectrum analysis is the Fourier Integral Transform and its high performance digital equivalent - the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Fourier view of nonlinear mechanics that had existed for a long time and the associated FFT c"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-7", "GSC-TOPS-7", "Automatic Extraction of Planetary Image Features and Multi-Sensor Image Registration", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "Many automatic feature extraction methods have been proposed and utilized for Earth remote sensing images, but these methods are not always applicable to Lunar data that often present low contrast and uneven illumination characteristics. The boundary of Lunar features is not always well defined, and"], ["patent_issued", "GSC-TOPS-72", "GSC-TOPS-72", "Space Link Extension Return Channel Frames (SLE-RCF) Software Library", "information technology and software", "GSFC", "The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) employs many advanced innovations developed at Goddard and in collaboration with other organizations. The applications and benefits for these technologies are advantageous for many other industries as well. One of those technologies is the Space Link Extension "], ["patent_issued", "KSC-12723", "KSC-12723", "Coatings and methods for corrosion detection and/or reduction", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Coatings and methods are provided. An embodiment of the coating includes microcapsules that contain at least one of a corrosion inhibitor, a film-forming compound, and an indicator. The microcapsules are dispersed in a coating vehicle. A shell of each microcapsule breaks down in the presence of an a"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-13161", "KSC-13161", "Hydrophobic-core microcapsules and their formation", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Hydrophobic-core microcapsules and methods of their formation are provided. A hydrophobic-core microcapsule may include a shell that encapsulates a hydrophobic substance with a core substance, such as dye, corrosion indicator, corrosion inhibitor, and/or healing agent, dissolved or dispersed therein"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-13167", "KSC-13167", "Hydrophilic-core microcapsules and their formation", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Hydrophilic-core microcapsules and methods of their formation are provided. A hydrophilic-core microcapsule may include a shell that encapsulates water with the core substance dissolved or dispersed therein. The hydrophilic-core microcapsules may be formed from an emulsion having hydrophilic-phase d"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-13278", "KSC-13278", "Elongated microcapsules and their formation", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Elongated microcapsules, such as elongated hydrophobic-core and hydrophilic-core microcapsules, may be formed by pulse stirring an emulsion or shearing an emulsion between two surfaces moving at different velocities. The elongated microcapsules may be dispersed in a coating formulation, such as pain"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-13592", "KSC-13592", "pH-sensitive microparticles with matrix-dispersed active agent", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Methods to produce pH-sensitive microparticles that have an active agent dispersed in a polymer matrix have certain advantages over microcapsules with an active agent encapsulated in an interior compartment/core inside of a polymer wall. The current invention relates to pH-sensitive microparticles t"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-13907", "KSC-13907", "Controlled release materials for anti-corrosion agents", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Corrosion inhibitor materials are provided that release active corrosion inhibitor compounds when they are most needed--in response to changes in conditions, including acid or basic pH, that cause corrosion or occur at the early stages of corrosion. The materials comprise particles that can be dispe"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-1", "KSC-TOPS-1", "Smart Coating for Corrosion Detection and Protection", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of a smart, environmentally friendly coating system for early detection and inhibition of corrosion and self-healing of mechanical damage without external intervention. This coating will have the inherent ability to de"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-10", "KSC-TOPS-10", "Sorbent Polymer Extraction and Remediation System (SPEARS)", "environment", "KSC", "NASAs Kennedy Space Center has developed a novel method for the in situ removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) found in submerged sediments. The technology consists of low-cost polymer spikes that attract and absorb PCBs. Seeking to avoid the pitfalls of current methods for handling PCB-contami"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-100", "KSC-TOPS-100", "Modular System for Waste Treatment, Water Recycling, and Resource Recovery", "environment", "KSC", "Current water recovery and purification systems aboard the International Space Station are open loop (requiring external inputs) and inefficient. Additionally, organic wastes (i.e., fecal and food wastes) are currently not recycled, thus adding additional waste processing and hazardous conditions fo"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-103", "KSC-TOPS-103", "Polymer Composite Material", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Many municipal curbside recycling programs fund their operations by selling recyclable waste. Unfortunately, over the past several years, the price of recyclable plastic and glass waste has dropped due to lack of demand. The lack of demand also means that more recyclable waste plastic and glass is b"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-22", "KSC-TOPS-22", "Macroflash (Cup Cryostat)", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in a practical method for measuring thermal performance of materials at below-ambient temperatures or subjected to a large temperature difference. The technology uses liquid nitrogen as a direct heat energy meter and is applicable to testing at a w"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-33", "KSC-TOPS-33", "Aerofoam", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of Aerofoam. Aerofoam is a unique foam composite insulation with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties. The novelty of this invention comes from combining a polymer foam with a unique inorganic filler in "], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-36", "KSC-TOPS-36", "Wastewater Treatment and Remediation", "environment", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) seeks to license its Water Remediation Treatment System to industry. The system utilizes an affordable media that is highly selective for ammonia, allowing large concentrations of ammonia in wastewater to be reduced to levels less than 1 ppm. Following treatment, the "], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-43", "KSC-TOPS-43", "Cryostat-500", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the guarded flat plate insulation test cryostat (Cryostat-500), a boil-off calorimeter comprised of a flat bottom test apparatus for measuring the absolute thermal performance of an insulation test specimen. This instrument provides convenient t"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-48", "KSC-TOPS-48", "Feedthrough for Severe Environments and Temperatures", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Feedthrough for Severe Environments and Temperatures. NASAs Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is offering companies licensing or partnering opportunities in the development of this innovative technology. KSC's new desi"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-58", "KSC-TOPS-58", "Layered Composite Insulation for Extreme Conditions (LCX)", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of a layered composite insulation system for nonvacuum applications and extreme environmental exposure conditions. This layered composite insulation system for extreme conditions (or LCX) is particularly suited for com"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-59", "KSC-TOPS-59", "Cryogenic Selective Surfaces", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Thermal control coatings, i.e. coatings with different visible versus infrared emission, have been used by NASA on the Orbiter and Hubble Telescope to reflect sunlight, while allowing heat rejection via infrared emission. However, these coatings absorb at least 6% of the Sun's irradiant power, limit"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-62", "KSC-TOPS-62", "Cryogenic Flux Capacitor", "power generation and storage", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC). This new technology capitalizes on the energy storage capacity of liquefied gasses. By exploiting a unique attribute of nano-porous materials, aerogel in this case, fluid commodit"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-7", "KSC-TOPS-7", "Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator", "robotics automation and control", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR) Excavator. NASAs Kennedy Space Center is soliciting licensees for this innovative technology. RASSOR is a teleoperated mobile robotic platform with a u"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-73", "KSC-TOPS-73", "Passive Porous Tube Nutrient Delivery System", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "A primary challenge to growing plants in microgravity is the delivery of adequate air, water and nutrients to a plant's roots. Microgravity alters convection and thus the behavior of root zone aeration which plants are evolutionarily reliant upon to grow. Current nutrient delivery techniques propose"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-74", "KSC-TOPS-74", "Flexible Body Control Using Fiber Optic Sensors (FlexFOS)", "sensors", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Flexible Body Control Using Fiber Optic Sensors (FlexFLOS) technology. The FlexFOS measures flexible dynamic state through a reference strain structure (RSS) combined with fiber optic strain sensors (FOSS). This"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-78", "KSC-TOPS-78", "Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) for Paints", "environment", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the commercial application of the Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) for treating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in paints. NASAs Kennedy Space Center is offering companies licensing or partnering opportunities in the development of this "], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-79", "KSC-TOPS-79", "Cryostat-100", "instrumentation", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center seeks partners interested in the Cryostat-100, an absolute heat measurement device for precise thermal performance measurements under actual-use cryogenic-vacuum conditions. It is a liquid nitrogen boiloff calorimeter with upper and lower guard chambers and full vacuum pres"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-80", "KSC-TOPS-80", "Self-Healing Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)", "materials and coatings", "KSC", "Fatigue endurance is critical for the airworthiness of civilian and military aging aircraft and for long-duration flight and deep space missions. Estimates are that 90% of structure failures are due to fatigue. NASA has developed a new metal matrix composite (MMC) that can repair itself from large f"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-81", "KSC-TOPS-81", "Passive Nutrient Delivery System (PONDS)", "environment", "KSC", "Reliable seed germination and plant production requires an environment that is neither too dry nor too wet. PONDS was developed to improve water and nutrient delivery for plants grown on the International Space Station (ISS). The technology uses an innovative wicking material to passively link a wat"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-82", "KSC-TOPS-82", "Miniaturized Electrospray System", "mechanical and fluid systems", "KSC", "Innovators at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center have developed a miniaturized electrospray system that electrostatically charges and delivers liquids to grounded targets. The technology was developed as an alternative to existing options for in-space aeroponic food production applications. Typical"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-89", "KSC-TOPS-89", "Lunar Landing Pads", "manufacturing", "KSC", "Lunar landing and launch pads represent critical infrastructure for enabling a sustained presence on the Moon or other planetary bodies. Such a Moon presence would require repeated lunar landings and takeoffs, preferably near an outpost or habitat. In the absence of takeoff and landing pads, such ve"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-91", "KSC-TOPS-91", "Optical concentration sensor for liquid solution", "sensors", "KSC", "Innovators at the NASA Kennedy Space Center have developed a new optical sensor for measuring concentration in a liquid solution. The sensor was designed for measuring the pretreat solution concentration within the Universal Waste Management System (UWMS), a specialized toilet designed for the Inter"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-95", "KSC-TOPS-95", "Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Modules COSM", "health medicine and biotechnology", "KSC", "NASA Kennedy Space Center engineers developed a Cryogenic Oxygen Storage Module (COSM) to store oxygen in solid-state form and deliver it as a gas to an end-use environmental control and/or life support system. Additionally, the COSM can scrub out nuisance or containment gases such as carbon dioxide"], ["patent_issued", "KSC-TOPS-97", "KSC-TOPS-97", "Deployed Electromagnetic Radiation Deflector Shield", "aerospace", "KSC", "Spaceflight outside of the Earth's protective magnetic field is dangerous from a cosmic radiation perspective. Inside Earth's magnetic field, where the manned International Space Station (ISS) orbits, the radiation encountered is minimal and almost all is deflected by our planet's magnetic fields. H"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-106", "LAR-TOPS-106", "Infrasound Sensor Technology", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center scientists have developed a microphone that detects infrasound, i.e., acoustic waves ranging from 20 Hz frequencies down to dc. Infrasound is emitted in a number of hazardous atmospheric phenomena, including aircraft wake vortices, clear air turbulence, and tornadoes. It"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-116", "LAR-TOPS-116", "Electric Field Imaging System", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center's Electric Field Imaging (EFI) system is the only noncontact method capable of quantitatively measuring the magnitude and direction of electrostatic fields in near- and far-field applications. Based on low-cost, commercially available components, the EFI system uses meas"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-122", "LAR-TOPS-122", "Multi-layered Self-healing Material System for Impact Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley researchers have developed a multi-layered self-healing material system for impact mitigation from ballistic or hypervelocity events (e.g., micrometeoroids or orbital debris). The system is constructed by sandwiching a reactive liquid monomer formulation between two solid polymer panels"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-123", "LAR-TOPS-123", "Optical Head-Mounted Display System for Laser Safety Eyewear", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has created a new system that allows a laser operator to safely view a laser beam while using a high-powered laser. Currently, viewing an otherwise invisible laser beam requires cumbersome equipment such as laser viewing cards and video cameras. This system uses an opt"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-124", "LAR-TOPS-124", "Low-Temperature Oxidation/ Reduction Catalysts", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley researchers, in work spanning more than a decade, have developed a portfolio of technologies for low-temperature gas catalysis. Originally developed to support space-based CO2 lasers, the technology has evolved into an array of performance capabilities and processing approaches, with po"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-128", "LAR-TOPS-128", "Lightning Mitigation and Damage Detection", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a patented SansEC Sensor Technology for use in many different areas, including tall structures and wind turbines. The SansEC technology is a proven wireless sensing platform capable of measuring the electrical impedance of physical matter in proximity to "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-129", "LAR-TOPS-129", "Smart Skin for Composite Aircraft", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a sensor technology for structural health monitoring on composite aircraft surfaces. When conventional aircraft are struck by lightning, the result can range from no damage to serious damage that requires extensive repairs that can take the airplane out o"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-13", "LAR-TOPS-13", "Low Frequency Portable Acoustic Measurement System", "sensors", "LARC", "NASAs Langley Research Center has developed a system to detect and locate atmospheric clear air turbulence (CAT) by means of a ground-based infrasonic array to serve as an early warning system for aircraft. This system could augment existing systems such as pilot reports (PIREPs), airborne lidar, an"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-136", "LAR-TOPS-136", "Healable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed carbon fiber reinforced composites with self-healing properties. The initiation and propagation of damage to carbon composites, such as in aircraft structural components, results in component failure. Typical structural repairs result in damaging practices,"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-148", "LAR-TOPS-148", "Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR)", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA Langley is developing Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR). TASAR features a cockpit automation system that monitors for potential flight trajectory improvements and displays them to the pilot. These wind-optimized flight trajectory changes are pre-cleared of potential conflicts wit"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-158", "LAR-TOPS-158", "X-Ray Diffraction Method to Detect Defects in Cubic Semiconductor (100) Wafers", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method of using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect defects in cubic semiconductor (100) wafers. The technology allows non-destructive evaluation of wafer quality in a simple, fast, inexpensive process that can be easily incorporated into an existing fab li"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-159", "LAR-TOPS-159", "Integrated Multi-Color Light Emitting Device Made With Hybrid Crystal Structure", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a process methodology for making red, green and blue LED device structures on the same substrate (wafer), which is not possible today using current techniques. Such devices are manufactured individually because of different crystal structures. This innovati"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-161", "LAR-TOPS-161", "Double Sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride Hybrid Structures", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a double sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride hybrid structure. This technology uses both sides of a sapphire wafer to build device structures; on one side, making either Si or SiGe devices, and on the other side, making III-nitride device structures (e.g. GaN"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-165", "LAR-TOPS-165", "Holey Carbon Allotropes", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA have developed new methods to manufacture carbon materials (e.g., nanotubes, graphene) with holes through the graphitic surface of the particles. The methods generate materials with increased accessible surface area, increased functional groups at damage sites, and improved throu"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-166", "LAR-TOPS-166", "High Mobility Transport Layer Structures for Rhombohedral Si/Ge/SiGe Devices", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "The innovation builds off NASA's IP portfolio for making high-quality crystalline SiGe thin films grown on sapphire substrates. In this case, a distinct layer structure is used to create quantum well structures to provide a very high mobility pathway for both p-type and n-type charge carriers. The p"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-168", "LAR-TOPS-168", "Super Resolution 3D Flash LIDAR", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed 3-D imaging technologies (Flash LIDAR) for real-time terrain mapping and synthetic vision-based navigation. To take advantage of the information inherent in a sequence of 3-D images acquired at video rates, NASA Langley has also developed an embedded image "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-175", "LAR-TOPS-175", "Highly Thermal Conductive Polymeric Composites", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a method to create highly thermal conductive polymeric composites. Such materials can prove highly valuable in applications that require efficient, light-weight, and flexible thermal management solutions, such as liquid cooled ventilation garments worn by a"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-182", "LAR-TOPS-182", "Hydrophobic Epoxy Coating for Insect Adhesion Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed fluorinated alkyl ether containing epoxies designed as an anti-insect coating. The robust and durable coating was developed to improve aircraft efficiency, but the coating could be useful in a variety of applications where reduction of insect residue adhere"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-183", "LAR-TOPS-183", "Chemical and Topographical Surface Modifications for Insect Adhesion Mitigation", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center, in collaboration with ATK Space Systems, has developed a method to reduce insect adhesion on metallic substrates, polymeric materials, engineering plastics, and other surfaces. The method topographically modifies a surface using laser ablation patterning followed by che"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-186", "LAR-TOPS-186", "Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystal Multilayer Stacks for Energy Harvesting Transducers (RPSEHT)", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a system to increase the effective piezoelectric constant and the mechanical energy input to energy harvesting transducers. This results in practical performance advantages including higher mechanical-electrical coupling and conversion efficiencies, and mor"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-189", "LAR-TOPS-189", "Compact Vibration Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a compact tuned damper to reduce vibration occurring at a fixed frequency. Tuned dampers reduce vibration of the base structure by the dissipation of energy. The magnitude of the dissipated energy is proportional to the square of the displacement or velocit"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-194", "LAR-TOPS-194", "Electroactive Material for Wound Healing", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "This technology is a device that uses electrical activity to facilitate the wound healing process while protecting the wound. The bandage is made of an electroactive material (pictured above) that is stimulated by the heat of the body and the pressure of cell growth, thus no external power source is"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-198", "LAR-TOPS-198", "Composite Joint Connector", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a composite joint connector that is more structurally efficient than joints currently on the market. Traditionally, composite joints can bear heavy loads along their length but tend to fail when stress is applied along multiple axes. This joint is designed "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-2", "LAR-TOPS-2", "Highly Aligned Electrospun Fibers and Mats", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has created a modified electrospinning apparatus for spinning highly aligned polymer fibers. Fiber placement, orientation, and porosity are difficult to control using conventional electrospinning apparatus. Conventional electrospinning creates randomly oriented fibers "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-201", "LAR-TOPS-201", "Atomic Number (Z)-Grade Radiation Shields from Fiber Metal Laminates", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a shapeable radiation shield made from fiber metal laminates. The technology was developed based on a need for better performing shielding of sensitive spacecraft electronics. Beyond spacecraft electronics, the invention has uses for radiation protective cl"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-212", "LAR-TOPS-212", "Multilayered Fire Protection System", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley has developed a flexible, light weight and portable thermal protection system. The flexible thermal protection systems are multilayer thermal blankets that are designed to handle external temperatures of up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit. Flight tests clearly demonstrate how these new heat "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-224", "LAR-TOPS-224", "Puncture-healing Engineered Polymer Blends", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA inventors have developed a set of puncture self-healing materials comprised of commercially available, known self-healing polymer resin and additive blends. A range of puncture healing blends was developed by melt blending self-healing polymers with non-self-healing polymeric materials."], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-225", "LAR-TOPS-225", "Abnormal Grain Growth Suppression in Aluminum Alloys", "manufacturing", "LARC", "This innovation is a thermal processing methodology for retaining the fine-grained structure in aluminum alloys subjected to solid state welding and subsequent forming processes."], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-227", "LAR-TOPS-227", "Nuclear Thermionic and Thermoelectric Energy System", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cells with Thermoelectric (NTAC-TE) offers direct conversion of energy carried by gamma radiation and beta particles into electricity, as well as direct energy conversion of the heat byproduct without steam driven turbines. This process is considerably more efficient, es"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-232", "LAR-TOPS-232", "Aerodynamically Actuated Thrust Vectoring Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a thrust-actuating device for a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. The technology is unique because no mechanically driven actuation is required to transition from hover flight to wing born flight. The result is lower empty weight and robust a"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-233", "LAR-TOPS-233", "Novel Copolyimide Surface Modifying Coating", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a coating material made of a novel copolyimide containing surface modifying agents that is designed to prevent the accumulation of insect residue on aircraft wings. These residues have the potential to significantly disrupt laminar air flow over the wings"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-241", "LAR-TOPS-241", "VTOL UAV With the Cruise Efficiency of a Conventional Fixed Wing UAV", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed Greased Lightning, the first UAV that combines vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capability with long endurance flight. Previously these two capabilities have been considered mutually exclusive. For example, helicopters offer VTOL capability, yet are ine"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-243", "LAR-TOPS-243", "Safe2Ditch Technology", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Highly capable small UAVs provide substantial business opportunity, especially if allowed to operate in the suburban market. Reliability issues force the use of a safety pilot for each vehicle in operation, which is cost-prohibitive for large scale commercial applications and limits the use of these"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-244", "LAR-TOPS-244", "Reliable Geo-Limitation Algorithm for Unmanned Aircraft", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a an assured safety net technology for UAS, Safeguard, that can alleviate hazards with unmanned aircraft (UA) flying beyond their authorized perimeters and into no-fly zones. Safeguard works by continuously detecting a UAs proximity to virtual perimeters es"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-247", "LAR-TOPS-247", "Large Area Structural Damage Nondestructive Evaluation", "sensors", "LARC", "When testing composite structures, it is important to understand the response of the structure to the load. Of significance is the formation of damage and growth of that damage leading to ultimate failure. Understanding how a structure fails allows for optimal designs for improved safety and perform"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-248", "LAR-TOPS-248", "Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Measurement", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "An acknowledged objective of critical care medicine is a timely, accurate, readily deployable, cost-effective and, importantly, safe means of assessing and/or monitoring critical aspects/parameters of patient condition such as intracranial pressure. However, ICP monitoring is complicated by a large "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-249", "LAR-TOPS-249", "Blocking/Deblocking Resin Systems", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Similar to resin systems currently used in composites for aerospace structural applications such as toughened epoxies, this innovation is a modification to traditional resin chemistry to prevent polymerization and crosslinking of the resin when heated and pressed in an autoclave or other common resi"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-250", "LAR-TOPS-250", "Novel Radiation Shielding Material for Dramatically Extending the Orbit Life of Cubesats", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "The NASA Langley Research Center has developed an innovative radiation shield made by layering metal materials in the Z-shielding method. It is a new, low cost and easy to implement method to protect CubeSat electronic circuits from ionizing radiation found in Low Earth Orbits. It is estimated that "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-252", "LAR-TOPS-252", "Free-Form Fabrication Using Electrically Conductive Filaments", "manufacturing", "LARC", "The use of multifunctional composites such as mechanically reinforced, electrically and thermally conductive parts is of interest in a range of application areas. Especially interesting and important is where tailorability of function is achieved by strategic placement of materials with unique funct"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-260", "LAR-TOPS-260", "Single Crystal SiGe/Sapphire Epitaxy", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new, low temperature method of SiGe/sapphire growth that produces the same single crystal films with much less thermal loading effort to the substrate. This eliminates the time-consuming and costly high heating, long thermal soak times, and interfacial "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-262", "LAR-TOPS-262", "Delamination and Porosity in Composites and Adhesives Using Solid and Particulate Powdered Aerogel", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a method that introduces solids and particulates, specifically aerogels, into composites or adhesives while they are being constructed. These additives survive as the structure is cured to serve as a test bed and standard. Once cured, the solid or particu"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-265", "LAR-TOPS-265", "In-situ Characterization and Inspection of Additive Manufacturing Deposits using Transient Infrared Thermography", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a much more reliable non-destructive evaluation method based on infrared thermography. The method provides transient temperature profiles of the surface, including the melt pool, at each step/layer. This system can measure material propertie"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-268", "LAR-TOPS-268", "SHEAth-based Rollable LEnticular-Shaped and Low-Stiction (SHEARLESS) Composite Booms", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed the SHEARLESS composite boom with a final cross-section shape that is lenticular and is flexible enough to allow elastic flattening and subsequent coiling around a cylindrical reel / drum. The torsional stiffness of the structure is also greatly increased"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-271", "LAR-TOPS-271", "Automated Guided Wave System for In-process Cure Monitoring of CFRP Composite Laminates", "instrumentation", "LARC", "In the polymer composites industry, cure cycles are typically developed from a trial and error or a more effective processing science approach to reduce the final porosity level in the composite laminate. Using an automated system, high-temperature piezoelectric transducers were utilized to interrog"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-272", "LAR-TOPS-272", "Synthesis and Development of Polyurethane Coatings Containing Fluorine Groups for Adhesive Applications", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Accumulation of insect strikes on the leading edge of airplane wings is a more serious problem than one might realize. Depending on the magnitude, such accumulation changes the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing causing a change from laminar to turbulent flow and resulting in decreased lift and"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-276", "LAR-TOPS-276", "System for Incorporating Physiological Self-Regulation Challenge into Parcourse/Orienteering Type Games and Simulations", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "NASA Langley engineers have created a software tool that operates on a smartphone and incorporates functions of physiological self-regulation or biofeedback with other gaming, training or simulation activities such as orienteering, parcourse training. The central distinguishing characteristic is the"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-278", "LAR-TOPS-278", "Full Spectrum Infrasonic Stethoscope for Screening Heart, Carotid Artery, and Lung Related Diseases", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed an infrasonic stethoscope that detects a broader range of physiological conditions than conventional stethoscope, use of which has declined mainly due to availability of other advance technologies such as the echocardiogram. The echocardiograms can be compl"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-280", "LAR-TOPS-280", "Standoff Ultra-Compact Micro-Raman Sensor", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Traditional micro-Raman systems are capable of performing fine-scale mineralogy; but these are used for in situ analysis. Most of the micro-Raman systems are designed and implemented for dark room operation. Such Raman systems: (1) require sample collection and (2) require shielding of daylight back"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-281", "LAR-TOPS-281", "High Altitude UAV for Monitoring Meteorological Parameters", "sensors", "LARC", "Acoustical studies of atmospheric events like convective storms, tornadoes, shear-induced turbulence, microbursts, acoustic gravity waves and hurricanes over the last fifty years have established that these events are strong emitters of infrasound. Current methods to forecast near term weather pheno"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-282", "LAR-TOPS-282", "Device for Providing Real-Time Rotorcraft Noise Abatement Information", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Rotorcraft typically operate near the ground throughout the duration of the operation. For this reason, military rotorcraft are vulnerable to acoustic detection and public acceptance of civil rotorcraft is limited by annoyance caused by rotor noise radiation. The purpose of this device is to inform "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-283", "LAR-TOPS-283", "Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft with Vectored Thrust for Control and Continuously Variable Pitch Attitude in Hover", "aerospace", "LARC", "Most fixed wing VTOL UAVs takeoff vertically, then transition to horizontal flight. This is new type of UAV which has unique capability. It can vary its hover position from \"nose up\" (tailsitter) to \"nose forward\" (non-tailsitter) incrementally and continuously, and even hold a position at any angle"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-289", "LAR-TOPS-289", "Apparatus and Method for Biofeedback Training", "health medicine and biotechnology", "LARC", "The technology combines virtual reality (VR) with a real environment. The VR provides sensory feedback. If performance is not optimal, the environment is disruptive. If optimal, the environment is stable / normal. The system is to provide feedback to train for self-regulation (e.g. relax on command)"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-290", "LAR-TOPS-290", "Self-Tuning Compact Vibration Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a compact self-tuning damper to reduce vibration occurring at a fixed frequency. Tuned dampers reduce vibration of the base structure by the dissipation of energy. The magnitude of the dissipated energy is proportional to the range of motion. The NASA dampe"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-292", "LAR-TOPS-292", "Conductive Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Structural Materials and Methods for Making Same", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Scientists at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a composite material that demonstrates improved mechanical properties, approaching those of conventional carbon fiber composites, and possesses relatively high electrical conductivity. Starting with carbon nanotube paper, tape or yarn, the CN"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-293", "LAR-TOPS-293", "Small Compound-Wing VTOL UAS", "aerospace", "LARC", "Typically small UAS, because of their light weight and small size, have difficulty flying in adverse environmental conditions, especially gusty winds. In some cases, small UAS such as multi-copters can handle somewhat higher gust conditions, but have limited endurance. Fixed-wing configurations have"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-294", "LAR-TOPS-294", "Portable Compact Thermionic Power Cell", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Ideal power sources for portable equipment ideally should be small, compact, lightweight, and provide continuous power with high power density. Batteries meet all but the continuous power requirement. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) meet the continuous power condition but none of the ot"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-296", "LAR-TOPS-296", "Location Corrections Through Differential Networks System", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "In recent years, the development and use of internet enabled mobile devices with built in GPS receivers (e.g. cell phones, tablet computers) have seen substantial increases. Correspondingly, the quantity and variety of applications using the GPS capabilities of these devices have also increased. How"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-301", "LAR-TOPS-301", "Multivariate Monitoring for Human Operator and Machine Teaming", "sensors", "LARC", "Researchers and expert operators may be familiar with the concept of trust in automation, but how would advance automation make decisions regarding control without establishing trust in the operator? Vehicles outfitted with sensors and systems that can operate with varying degrees of autonomy are be"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-302", "LAR-TOPS-302", "Holey Graphene Mesh from Solvent-Free Manufacturing and Composites Thereof", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Solvent-free methods were developed to create arrays of holes with lateral dimensions of 10 micrometers and above on holey graphene-based articles from dry compression (such as films, discs, pellets) to form holey graphene mesh (HGM). HGM is enabled by the uniqueness in the dry compressibility of ho"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-304", "LAR-TOPS-304", "Simplified Complimentary Metal-oxide-semiconductor Manufacturing Technique", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Current microfabrication methods are well established for processing of Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and only get more complex with each iteration. This is especially true with 3D transistors that require very selective placement and selective removal of materials required"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-305", "LAR-TOPS-305", "Adaptive Algorithm and Software for Recognition of Ground-based, Airborne, Underground, and Underwater Low Frequency Events", "information technology and software", "LARC", "The innovative approach is to exploit modern signal processing methods. i.e. adaptive filtering, where the computer is trained on-line to recognize features of the low frequency events (on the ground, in air, underground, and underwater) to be detected. Modern instrument development techniques and c"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-307", "LAR-TOPS-307", "Powerline Geolocation", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "The technology leverages the electrical conductors employed in power transmission for signal transmission for geolocation. Unmanned aerial vehicles have the capability to inspect high-voltage conductors and associated structures from points of view that are not available to ground-based or helicopte"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-310", "LAR-TOPS-310", "Metallic Junction Thermoelectric (MJTE) Generator", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new concept thermoelectric (TE) principle based on thin-film metal-metal junctions. This approach substantially increases the TE efficiency and power density. When two metals with different vacancy states selected for the greatest possible disparity are"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-311", "LAR-TOPS-311", "Supersonic Laminar Flow Control", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a technology that is projected to extend the laminar flow area over supersonic flight configurations by delaying the transition of boundary layer flow from laminar to turbulent state. This controls laminar flow over airframe components including wings, em"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-314", "LAR-TOPS-314", "Low, Drag, Variable-Depth Acoustic Liner", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "A low-drag, variable-depth acoustic liner has been designed for aircraft noise reduction. The technology can be used as a conventional engine nacelle liner, or on the external surfaces of an aircraft to reduce acoustic scattering. As compared with conventional liners, the technology provides increas"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-315", "LAR-TOPS-315", "Remote, Noninvasive, Cardiac Activity Tracer (RENCAT)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed a novel laser vibrometer sensor for monitoring cardiac activities remotely and non-invasively, specifically heart functions of valve/chamber opening and closing cycles (cardiac cycles). The device provides precise magnitude and timing information, noninvasi"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-320", "LAR-TOPS-320", "Single Crystal Semiconductor Silicon-Germanium (SiGe)", "electrical and electronics", "LARC", "With 4x faster carrier mobility and less energy loss than single crystal silicone, single crystal SiGe offers increased processing power and decreased size, and power demands for a unit of the same size. These capabilities exceed current market options for semiconductors. In solar cell applications,"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-321", "LAR-TOPS-321", "Extreme Low Frequency Hydrophone", "sensors", "LARC", "The Extreme low frequency infrasonic hydrophone, with the associated software, is capable of sensing down to .0001 Hz, a 4.999 Hz improvement from current similar systems. This ultra-low power consuming hydrophone also isolates and removes significant amounts of background noise, inherent to the ele"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-323", "LAR-TOPS-323", "LIDAR System Noise Reduction", "optics", "LARC", "In order to overcome significant noise from solar background and backscatter this LIDAR system utilizes a laser light source that is azimuthally polarized or has Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). A photon sieve is used to produce a ring pattern on the focal plane corresponding from the light of the re"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-327", "LAR-TOPS-327", "System for In-situ Defect Detection in Composites During Cure", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center, in collaboration with Analytical Mechanics Associates, have developed an automated ultrasonic scanning system for in-situ cure monitoring and defect detection of composites in an autoclave or an oven. This non-destructive evaluation system is based on "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-328", "LAR-TOPS-328", "Deployable Composite Boom", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "A sister to SHEARLESS booms, the Bistable Collapsible Tubular Mast (Bi-CTM) boom, offers compact storage on a cylindrical drum that deploys a composite material boom with a closed tubular cross section that has unmatched bending and torsional stiffness for the mass of the thin-shell structure. The B"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-33", "LAR-TOPS-33", "Low Weight Flight Controller Design", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new sensing and control system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that allows for semi-autonomous flight. With this technology, pilots need not leave the ground to conduct routine monitoring and surveillance quickly and cost-effectively. Such systems a"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-335", "LAR-TOPS-335", "Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell", "power generation and storage", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed the Multi-Layer Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC), a novel electrical generator which transforms nuclear gamma-ray photon energy directly to electric power by liberating intra-band atomic inner shell electrons. The invention"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-337", "LAR-TOPS-337", "Recyclable Feedstocks for Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at the NASA Langley Research Center have developed a manufacturing technique to generate recyclable feedstocks for on-demand additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is a rapidly advancing art with significant recent improvements in starting materials. One common limitation has been"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-338", "LAR-TOPS-338", "Fixed Wing Angle eVTOL", "aerospace", "LARC", "Current electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL) configurations for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) applications often require performance-hindering equipment only used for a specific operation (e.g., takeoff or cruising). The need for such equipment, such as separate lift and thrust mechanis"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-339", "LAR-TOPS-339", "Calibration System for Automated Fiber Placement", "manufacturing", "LARC", "Innovators at NASA's Langley Research Center have developed a Calibration System for Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machines. AFP is a modern composites-manufacturing method offering speed, repeatability, and waste-minimization benefits over traditional layup techniques. Used to make aerospace part"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-340", "LAR-TOPS-340", "Active Flow Control System for Simple-hinged Flaps", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Conventional high-lift systems allow transport aircraft to safely operate at low speeds for landing and takeoff. These high-lift devices, such as Fowler flaps, are complex, heavy, and have high part counts. Fowler flap mechanisms also protrude externally under the wings, requiring external fairings,"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-342", "LAR-TOPS-342", "Automated Tow/Tape Placement System", "manufacturing", "LARC", "In recent years, industry adoption of thermoplastic composites (TPCs) in lieu of thermosets and metallic structures has increased for the fabrication of air and launch vehicle components. Manufacturing of TPCs, performed via automated tape laying (ATL) and automated fiber placement (AFP), uses machi"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-343", "LAR-TOPS-343", "Improved Fixed-Wing Gust Load Alleviation Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "Gust load alleviation is an increasing concern for the design of fixed-wing aircraft with ultra-high aspect wings. Innovators at NASA’s Langley Research Center developed a mechanical solution to control gust-load on fixed plane wings. By manipulating the wing’s natural response to gust loads, the te"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-344", "LAR-TOPS-344", "Flow-through Transducer for Wind Tunnel Analysis", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "Existing integral flow-through balances have been limited to five-component force and moment measurements (Normal and Side force; Pitch, Yaw, and Rolling moment) – excluding a 6th desired force measurement: Axial force. To enable key aeroscience R&D applications, NASA’s Langley Research Center has d"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-345", "LAR-TOPS-345", "Assemblers", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "In-space and planetary surface assembly for human exploration is a challenging domain that encompasses various technological thrusts to support human missions. NASA is developing autonomous assembly agents to build structures like habitats and antennae on the Moon. These modular and reconfigurable A"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-346", "LAR-TOPS-346", "Beam Crossing Optical System", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a Beam Crossing Optical System for use in two-point Focused Laser Differential Interferometers (FLDI) that are used in measuring density disturbances in hypersonic flows. Conventional single point FLDI systems only measure how flow fluctuates. In contrast"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-347", "LAR-TOPS-347", "Reflection-Reducing Imaging System for Machine Vision Applications", "optics", "LARC", "NASA researchers have developed a compact, cost-effective imaging system using a co-linear, high-intensity LED illumination unit to minimize window reflections for background-oriented schlieren (BOS) and machine vision measurements. The imaging system – tested in NASA wind tunnels – can reduce or el"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-348", "LAR-TOPS-348", "Assembly for Simplified Hi-Res Flow Visualization", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have developed a simple, compact, easy-to-use projection focusing schlieren imaging system optical assembly that leverages a light source, a single physical grid element, and polarization optics to enable hi-res flow visualization. The assembly can simpl"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-349", "LAR-TOPS-349", "Digital Projection Focusing Schlieren System", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Typically, multiple imaging systems are required to collect focusing schlieren and other image-based measurement data. Additionally, conventional focusing schlieren imaging systems are only sensitive to a single density gradient. Researchers at NASA's Langley Research Center have developed a compact"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-350", "LAR-TOPS-350", "High Atomic Number Coatings for Fabrics", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has developed an innovation to promote the adhesion and improve the durability of high atomic number metal coatings on oxygen- or hydroxyl-rich surfaces. This new approach is useful for building radiation shields via the Z-grading method, the process of layering metal ma"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-352", "LAR-TOPS-352", "Improved Efficiency in Nuclear Propulsion", "propulsion", "LARC", "Innovators at Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed a design and method to improve efficiency in nuclear propulsion technology for long-distance space missions. The nuclear thermionic avalanche cell (NTAC) Augmented Nuclear Electric Propulsion and/or Nuclear Thermal Propulsion design surroun"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-353", "LAR-TOPS-353", "New Coatings Reduce Impact Ice Adhesion Strength", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Aircraft icing is a serious problem. Wintry conditions on the ground and glaze, rime and mixed icing conditions aloft can cause ice buildup on aircraft wings increasing weight, creating drag, and causing loss of lift —conditions that compromise performance and safety. For commercial aircraft, active"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-354", "LAR-TOPS-354", "Flexible Lightweight Radiation Shielding", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Lead-filled aprons are currently used for atomic number (Z)-grade radiation shielding in the medical industry to protect personnel from hazardous gamma radiation. These apron garments are made with lead-filled elastomeric sheets encased in polymeric fabrics and are both heavy and bulky to meet neces"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-357", "LAR-TOPS-357", "AERoBOND: Large-scale Composite Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA Langley Research Center has an improved method for making composite structures. Industrial composite manufacturing is primarily accomplished through three methods: co-cure, co-bond, and secondary bond processes. Co-cure produces predictable structures and joint properties but is costly and chal"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-359", "LAR-TOPS-359", "In-Space Assembly of Structural Trusses and Shapes", "mechanical and fluid systems", "LARC", "NASA engineers have developed an innovative method for simple design and modular assembly of curved, double-curved, or flat structures in space or on earth or lunar surfaces. The approach is expected to have greatest utility in structures ranging from a few meters to 100’s of meters. Most current sp"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-360", "LAR-TOPS-360", "Statistical Audibility Prediction (SAP) Algorithm", "information technology and software", "LARC", "Noise is difficult to escape in our daily lives. Such noise is generated by transportation vehicles, industrial equipment, hospital machines, phones, alarms, crowds, and more. Some sounds we want to suppress (e.g., airplane noise vs. conversation) and others we want to enhance (e.g., our ringing pho"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-361", "LAR-TOPS-361", "Lunar Surface Navigation System", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Scientists at NASA’s Langley Research Center have developed a novel concept for a lunar navigation system based on the reverse-ephemeris technique. Typically, range related signal measurements from the earth’s surface are used to locate and track orbital objects (satellites) and establish the epheme"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-362", "LAR-TOPS-362", "Multi-Spectral Imaging Pyrometer", "sensors", "LARC", "Innovators at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a multi-spectral imaging pyrometer utilizing tunable optics. The system uses a conventional infrared imaging camera as the basis and then incorporates an ultrafast, all solid-state, tunable optical filter combined with unique data processing "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-363", "LAR-TOPS-363", "System for Flight Control of Extremely Fast (Hypersonic) Aircraft", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have designed an electrode-based system for guidance, navigation and control of aircraft or spacecraft moving at hypersonic speeds in ionizing atmospheres. The system is composed of two electrodes that sit on the surface of a craft’s thermal protection s"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-364", "LAR-TOPS-364", "Improved Hypersonic Aircraft Flight Control System", "aerospace", "LARC", "Researchers at NASA’s Langley Research Center have designed an improved electrode-based system for guidance, navigation and control of aircraft or spacecraft moving at hypersonic speeds in ionizing atmospheres. The system is composed of two electrodes that are recessed into angled channels on the su"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-365", "LAR-TOPS-365", "Projected Background-Oriented Schlieren Imaging", "instrumentation", "LARC", "Inventors at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC) have developed a new background-oriented schlieren (BOS) imaging technique. The new technique enables vibration-tolerant, real-time, and reference-free BOS imaging for scientific investigations or industrial flow monitoring. Typically, BOS imaging r"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-369", "LAR-TOPS-369", "Computer-Brain Interface for Display Control", "communications", "LARC", "NASA has developed a novel brain-computer display interface to improve a user’s ability to interact with a computer by automatically and continuously locating the position of the user’s gaze on a computer display. This interaction can significantly increase the user’s ability to communicate with the"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-371", "LAR-TOPS-371", "eVTOL UAS with Lunar Lander Trajectory", "aerospace", "LARC", "Lunar landers are critical to enabling NASA’s mission of sustained human presence on the Moon. These spacecraft require advanced landing technologies (e.g., sensors, algorithms, navigation loops) to enable automated and precise entry, descent, and landing (EDL) on planetary surfaces. EDL operations "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-373", "LAR-TOPS-373", "Epitaxy of SiGe and Other Compound Semiconductors", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA engineers have developed a suite of technologies that enable super-hetero-epitaxial growth of silicon germanium (SiGe) and other compound semiconductors on sapphire and other trigonal and hexagonal structure substrate wafer materials. A focus for NASA has been on the development of methods to m"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-377", "LAR-TOPS-377", "Biocybernetic VR/AR Training System for De-Escalating Conflict", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA Langley’s innovative biocybernetic system employs a blend of hardware and software within a virtual/augmented/mixed reality (VR/AR/MR) environment. Its purpose is to provide psychophysiological self-regulation training, specifically geared toward helping individuals de-escalate conflicts in rea"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-380", "LAR-TOPS-380", "AERoBOND+ for Manufacturing Composite Structures", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "The original AERoBOND technology was developed to enable co-cure joining and manufacturing of large composite structures without the use of fasteners. The AERoBOND technology provides novel prepreg and resin formulation designs to improve the joining and manufacturing of high-performance, large comp"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-381", "LAR-TOPS-381", "Durable Anti-Icing Coatings", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Prevention of ice accretion on aircraft surfaces while in flight is critical. Ice accumulation on aircraft wings can effectively change the shape of the wing, resulting in degraded aerodynamic performance, fuel efficiency, and most importantly, flight safety. Commercial aircraft use active (i.e., en"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-383", "LAR-TOPS-383", "Foldable Solid RF Reflector Architectures", "aerospace", "LARC", "Inventors at the NASA Langley Research Center have designed innovative foldable large-scale parabolic reflectors. This solution addresses the challenges of scaling solid surface reflectors to beyond 10-meter diameter, enabling higher gains, improved data transfer rates, and superior overall performa"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-389", "LAR-TOPS-389", "Thermally-Adaptive Solid State Laser Crystal Mount", "optics", "LARC", "NASA’s solid-state laser crystal mounting technology was developed for and implemented in high-energy pulsed 2-micron laser transmitters for airborne differential absorption LIDAR used in measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and Coherent Doppler lidar used for atmospheric winds."], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-4", "LAR-TOPS-4", "ZONE (Zeroing Out Negative Effects)", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed ZONE, an innovative method for improving athletes responses to stress, anxiety, and loss of concentration during competition. In the training environment, when the user successfully attains an optimal target state of psychophysiological functioning, the t"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-402", "LAR-TOPS-402", "Retroreflective Temperature- and Pressure-Sensitive Paints", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "Pressure-sensitive paints (PSP) and temperature-sensitive paints (TSP) are widely used for surface measurement and flow visualization, yet their application prevents simultaneous schlieren-based visualization as the model on which they're applied obstructs schlieren line-of-sight and has separate op"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-404", "LAR-TOPS-404", "High Stiffness Self Leveling Platform", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "Leveling platforms are critical for orienting equipment in environments where uneven terrain can compromise performance. Conventional solutions often rely on manual adjustment or lightweight designs intended for small instruments, which limits their usefulness for heavy-duty applications. These appr"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-5", "LAR-TOPS-5", "Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymers", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed an extensive technology portfolio on novel methods for effective dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymers. The technology portfolio extends from making stable dispersions of CNTs in polymer resins to processes for making composite CN"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-6", "LAR-TOPS-6", "Fabrication of Fiber-Metal Laminates with Non-Autoclave Processes", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASAs Langley Research Center developed a new technique that enables the preparation of metal/composite hybrid laminates, also known as fiber-metal laminates (FML), through a one-step processing method. Currently FMLs are prepared by a compression process using a press or autoclave with metallic lay"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-61", "LAR-TOPS-61", "Computational Visual Servo", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed an automatic measurement and control method for smart image enhancement. Pilots, doctors, and photographers will benefit from this innovation that offers a new approach to image processing. Initial advantages will be seen in improved medical "], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-73", "LAR-TOPS-73", "Lunar Surface Manipulation System", "robotics automation and control", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center offers a novel lifting and precision positioning device with hybrid functional characteristics of both crane-type lifting devices and robotic manipulators. The design of the Lunar Surface Manipulation System (LSMS) allows for fine positioning with complete control over"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-79", "LAR-TOPS-79", "Highly Accurate Position Detection and Shape Sensing with Fiber Optics", "instrumentation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has demonstrated a patent pending method and apparatus for determining the position, in three dimensions, of any point on an optical fiber. The new method uses low reflectance Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors in a multi-core fiber to determine how any point alo"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-83", "LAR-TOPS-83", "Wireless Electrical Devices Using Floating Electrodes", "sensors", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers have developed a wireless, connection-free, open circuit technology that can be used for developing electrical devices such as sensors that need no physical contact with the properties being measured. At the core of the technology is the SansEC [Sans Electr"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-87", "LAR-TOPS-87", "Autonomous Slat-Cove Filler Device", "aerospace", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center developed a deployable and stowable mechanical design for filling the cavity behind the leading-edge slat (i.e., slat cove), when it is extended upon landing approach of an aircraft. Aerodynamic flow over an unfilled cavity typically exhibits strongly unsteady behavior"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-88", "LAR-TOPS-88", "Game and Simulation Control", "information technology and software", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a technology at the forefront of a new generation of computer and video game environments that train valuable mental skills, beyond eye-hand coordination, for the personal improvement, not just the diversion, of the user. Monitoring and enhancement of ope"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-95", "LAR-TOPS-95", "Laser Linear Frequency Modulation System", "optics", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has made a breakthrough improvement in laser frequency modulation. Frequency modulation technology has been used for surface mapping and measurement in sonar, radar, and time-off-light laser technologies for decades. Although adequate, the accuracy of distance measurem"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-97", "LAR-TOPS-97", "Particle Contamination Mitigation Methods", "materials and coatings", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center researchers offer you methods for particle contamination mitigation. The methods were developed for exploration of surfaces such as Moon, Mars, and asteroids. During past missions, lunar dust caused an array of issues including compromised seals, clogged filters, abrad"], ["patent_issued", "LAR-TOPS-99", "LAR-TOPS-99", "Plasma Deposition of Metal in Composite Panels", "manufacturing", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center has developed a new technique to enable the preparation of metal/composite hybrid laminates, also known as fiber metal laminates (FML), by depositing metal directly onto fabric using a plasma deposition process. FMLs provide a useful combination of structural and funct"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-104", "LEW-TOPS-104", "High-Voltage Power System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft Propulsion", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a variable-frequency, alternating current (AC) power system to enable turbo-electric and hybrid electric propulsion. Glenn's technology uses double-fed electric machines and a high-voltage, variable-frequency power system to significantly dec"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-107", "LEW-TOPS-107", "New Methods in Preparing and Purifying Nanomaterials", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have made several breakthroughs in treating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanomaterials, improving their properties to supplant carbon nanotubes in many applications. These inventors have greatly enhanced the processes of intercalation and exfoliation. Both"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-108", "LEW-TOPS-108", "Secure Optical Quantum Communications", "communications", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a method of using entangled-photon pairs to produce highly secure mobile communications that require mere milliwatts of power. Conventional gas Argon-ion laser sources are too large, expensive, and power-intensive to use in portable applications. By contras"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-109", "LEW-TOPS-109", "A Method for Reducing Broadband Noise", "aerospace", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA's Glenn and Langley Research Centers have developed a groundbreaking bio-mimicking acoustic liner for quieting noisy environments. Conventional approaches have not been able to absorb sound effectively in the 400-3000 Hz range, thereby subjecting humans to excessive noise polluti"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-110", "LEW-TOPS-110", "Thermal Management for Aircraft Propulsion Systems", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a lightweight, reliable thermal management system, for both ambient and cryogenic propulsion systems, that increases overall fuel efficiency from 40 to 60 percent. Conventional aircraft propulsion systems struggle to keep high-powered electri"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-112", "LEW-TOPS-112", "Advanced Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon Gas Sensors", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed advanced hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas sensors capable of detecting leaks, monitoring emissions, and providing in situ measurements of gas composition and pressure. These compact, rugged sensors can be used to optimize combustion and lower emi"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-113", "LEW-TOPS-113", "Signal Combiner for Wideband Communication", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have devised an efficient new method of combining primary and secondary signals with minimal loss and noise. Exploiting non-traditional uses of frequency domain multiplexers and analog-to-digital converters (ADC), Glenn's secondary signal combiner uses a fr"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-114", "LEW-TOPS-114", "Double-Fed Induction Linear Alternator", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a lightweight, double-fed induction linear alternator capable of highly efficient extreme-environment performance. While traditional linear alternators cannot withstand temperatures of 250°C, this innovation has the ability to operate at 950°"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-115", "LEW-TOPS-115", "Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) 370 Resin for High-Temperature Applications", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) imide resin known as RTM370 that is generated using a revolutionary, solvent-free process. Its many desirable properties earned it a prestigious R&D 100 Award in 2017. RTM370 has a high glass transition temperat"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-116", "LEW-TOPS-116", "Seal with Integrated Shroud to Protect from Exposure to Extreme Environments", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have designed a superior seal assembly that is durable and highly dependable in extremely harsh environments. This fault-tolerant design features a novel protective shroud that shields its interior seal element(s) from hazardous conditions that can quickly "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-117", "LEW-TOPS-117", "Optically Transparent Polyimide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have expanded their growing portfolio of aerogels to include a new optically transparent polyimide aerogel. Aerogels - low density, highly porous, ultralight materials derived from gels - can be fabricated to achieve specific, desirable traits, including va"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-118", "LEW-TOPS-118", "The Teletenna - A Hybrid Telescope Antenna System", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a hybrid telescope antenna system - Teletenna - to deliver high data-rate communication over great distances. Teletenna has the potential to benefit deep space missions and communications on Earth. By combining two very different communicatio"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-119", "LEW-TOPS-119", "Capacitive Pressure Sensor System and Packaging", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a state-of-the-art packaged capacitive pressure sensor system that provides in-situ dynamic data acquisition in harsh operating environments. Designed to monitor jet turbofan engine health, this pressure sensor can be placed directly on the e"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-121", "LEW-TOPS-121", "Oil-Free Lubricants", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed high-temperature solid lubricant materials to reduce friction and wear in mechanical components, especially in extreme temperatures. The lubricant performs in temperatures from cryogenic levels to greater than 900°C. It has been formulated to provide higher"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-122", "LEW-TOPS-122", "Shape Memory Alloy Rock Splitters (SMARS)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a groundbreaking method for using shape memory alloys (SMAs) to split apart rock formations without explosives or hydraulics. Conventional approaches present difficulties in transportation and operation and can badly damage underlying samples during use. G"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-126", "LEW-TOPS-126", "Metallization for SiC Semiconductors", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed and patented improved ohmic contacts, and a fabrication method for them, that will speed the production of silicon carbide (SiC) sensors and electronics that operate in high-temperature, harsh environments. Conventional fabrication techniques"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-129", "LEW-TOPS-129", "NiTi Alloy Ball Bearings", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new method for making small diameter, high-grade Nickel Titanium (NiTi) ball bearings that set a new standard for precision performance in the bearing field. Using non-corrosive NiTi alloy instead of steel is an inexpensive way to increase "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-132", "LEW-TOPS-132", "Conductive High-Toughness Oxides", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel method for making oxide coatings that have excellent mechanical strength and electronic conductivity at room temperature. Using the Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) processing methodology, Glenn researchers have been ab"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-133", "LEW-TOPS-133", "Durable Polyimide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed cutting-edge polyimide aerogel technologies that are 500 times stronger than traditional silica aerogels. These durable polyimide aerogels are highly flexible and foldable in contrast to traditional silica aerogels, which shed dust particles "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-134", "LEW-TOPS-134", "Premixed, High-Pressure, Multi-Fuel Burner", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a novel design for a fully premixed high-pressure burner capable of operating on a variety of gaseous fuels and oxidizers, including hydrogen-air mixtures, with a low pressure drop. The burner provides a rapidly and uniformly mixed fuel-oxidizer mixture tha"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-135", "LEW-TOPS-135", "Shape Memory Alloy Mechanisms for CubeSats", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed lightweight and reliable mechanisms based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) for small satellites, such as CubeSats. SMAs have a unique ability to effect a reversible phase transformation, so that they can withstand being severely deformed and rec"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-136", "LEW-TOPS-136", "Environmental Barrier Coatings for Ceramic Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed two durable environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for use with ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components. CMCs are lightweight composites used to reduce fuel consumption in advanced gas turbines and other high-temperature, high-stress environ"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-137", "LEW-TOPS-137", "Shape Memory Alloy Art (SMArt)", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an educational device and method for creating letters, numbers, characters, symbols, or a combination, using shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. The device, which is a small, portable apparatus, goes through a prescribed heating sequence which wil"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-138", "LEW-TOPS-138", "Continuous Fiber Composite for Use in Gears", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a breakthrough means of adapting strong but lightweight carbon fiber composite material to fabricate structures of complex shape, such as specialized components for drive systems. Conventional methods of using discontinuous fiber composites f"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-139", "LEW-TOPS-139", "Ruthenium-Doped Thermoelectric Materials", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a novel thermoelectric material that raises the bar for solid-state power conversion devices. There is growing momentum in the aerospace and automotive industries to harvest energy from heat (such as exhaust from combustion), but advances hav"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-140", "LEW-TOPS-140", "High Efficiency Megawatt Motor", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have designed a High Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM), a wound-field partially superconducting machine. The HEMM implements a combination of superconducting and non-superconducting elements, along with an integrated cryocooler, to achieve some of the bene"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-141", "LEW-TOPS-141", "Aerogel Reinforced Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed a method for fabricating low-density, flexible aerogel composites for use as thermal insulation for myriad applications. It is ideal for a variety of environments that require insulation materials that can withstand temperatures of up to 1200°C. This "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-142", "LEW-TOPS-142", "Compact Full-Field Ion Detector System (CFIDS)", "sensors", "GRC", "Space radiation, or \"space weather\" comes in different forms from a variety of sources. High energy X-rays, gamma rays, and other ionizing radiation, in the form of subatomic particles and ionized atoms, can be produced by black hole activity, new star formation, and even via lightning from thunders"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-143", "LEW-TOPS-143", "Solar Cell Health Monitoring", "instrumentation", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a method and apparatus for in situ health monitoring of solar cells. The innovation is a novel approach to solar cell monitoring, as it is radiation-hard, consumes few system resources, and uses commercially available components. The system operates at temp"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-144", "LEW-TOPS-144", "High-Strength Superelastic Compounds", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed a new method for producing a shock- and corrosion-proof superelastic intermetallic materials including NiTiNOL 60 (60NiTi) for use in ball bearings and other mechanical components. These superelastic materials can withstand tremendous loads and stresses wit"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-146", "LEW-TOPS-146", "Advanced Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center, in conjunction with Case Western Reserve University, have designed the Supercritical Water Oxidation - Flame Piloted Vortex (SCWO-FPV) Reactor. The SCWO-FPV Reactor operates at temperatures and pressures above the thermodynamic critical point of water, e"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-147", "LEW-TOPS-147", "Vortex Radiometer for Wireless Communications", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Vortex Radiometer (VR), an early-warning system for communication antennas that identifies atmospheric noise before it reaches the antenna and then optimizes mitigation strategies. Communication links are subject to atmospheric effects "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-148", "LEW-TOPS-148", "Cascaded Offset Optical Modulator", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Cascaded Offset Optical Modulator, an electro-optic subsystem used to interface a binary output Software Defined Radio (SDR) to an optical transmission system. Traditionally, this task is accomplished through the use of a Mach Zehnder M"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-151", "LEW-TOPS-151", "Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Medium Entropy Alloy", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new oxide dispersion strengthened medium entropy alloy (ODS-MEA) using additive manufacturing (AM). ODS alloys, in which nano-scale ceramic particles are distributed within the metal, were originally developed to enhance mechanical proper"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-152", "LEW-TOPS-152", "High-Temperature Ni-Based Superalloy Composition", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a nickel-based superalloy using specific alloying elements to inhibit deleterious deformation at temperatures above 700°C. The drive for energy efficiency in power generation and propulsion places the development of high-performance materia"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-153", "LEW-TOPS-153", "Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Enabled Actuators", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA Glenn pioneered and matured SMAs to enable future aircraft with morphing airfoil surfaces and adaptive wings that fold to respond to different flight condition demands. SMAs are functional metals with unique properties that can go through solid-state phase transformations—stretch"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-154", "LEW-TOPS-154", "Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotube Yarn Hybrid Reinforcement", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a toughened hybrid reinforcement material made from carbon fiber and carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn for use in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The new material improves toughness and damping properties of PMCs, enhancing impact resistance, fa"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-155", "LEW-TOPS-155", "Conformal, Lightweight, Aerogel-Based Antenna", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed the Conformal, Lightweight Antenna for Aeronautical Communications Technology (CLAS-ACT), an active phased array antenna for Ku-band satellite communications on a mobile platform such as a UAV. The CLAS-ACT was developed for UAVs that requi"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-156", "LEW-TOPS-156", "Combined Pressure and Temperature Sensor for Hot Harsh Environments", "sensors", "GRC", "Accurate and reliable pressure data is fundamental for monitoring engine health for the safe and efficient operation of high performance engines. Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a single pressure and temperature sensor system that provides in-situ data in harsh operating en"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-157", "LEW-TOPS-157", "Power Processing Unit (PPU) for Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-158", "LEW-TOPS-158", "High Propellant Throughput Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion Thruster", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-159", "LEW-TOPS-159", "Anode Manifold Plug for Hall Effect Thrusters", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a suite of small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP) technologies critical to enabling new, ambitious missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exceptionally fuel-efficient electrostatic Hall effect thrust"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-16", "LEW-TOPS-16", "Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA)", "health medicine and biotechnology", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed the Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA) to provide highly precise real-time measurements of human metabolic functions. PUMA is a battery-powered, wearable device that measures concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen in inhaled and exhaled breath"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-160", "LEW-TOPS-160", "Robust High Temperature SiC Op Amps – Practical Fabrication", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "NASA Glenn has a new way to correct for variations in transistor threshold voltage due to die location on the wafer for silicon carbide (SiC) op amps, enabling improved electrical circuits for sensor signal conditioning in harsh environments. Important system-level benefits are enabled by improved p"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-161", "LEW-TOPS-161", "Shape Memory Alloy Tubular Structure", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) have developed a next-generation, non-pneumatic, compliant tire structure based on shape memory alloy (SMA) elements. This new structure builds upon previous work related to airless tires that were designed for rovers used in planetary exploration. Th"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-162", "LEW-TOPS-162", "Small Spacecraft Electric Propulsion (SSEP) Technology Suite", "propulsion", "GRC", "The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has expertise in small spacecraft electric propulsion (SSEP). NASA's SSEP project is developing technologies critical to expanding spacecraft capabilities and enabling ambitious new missions into deep space. Advanced SSEP technologies are based on the use of exce"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-163", "LEW-TOPS-163", "Optical Transceiver Method of QKD Encryption Suite of Technologies", "communications", "GRC", "Overview The process of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) produces variable length symmetric bit strings at both communication nodes for each QKD operation. This system combines several technologies developed at NASA’s Glenn Research Center to create a secure, practical, and efficient optical transceiv"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-165", "LEW-TOPS-165", "Portable Laser-Guided Robotic Metrology (PLGRM)", "instrumentation", "GRC", "Antennas are used in many industries and products where quality and reliability are crucial. Testing aircraft antennas is challenging since optimal tests are made after antenna installation. Aircraft are often taken to anechoic antenna test facilities which create long lead times, transportation has"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-168", "LEW-TOPS-168", "Next Generation “Closed Strayton” Engine Design", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "NASA’s Glenn Research Center introduces the “Closed Strayton” generator design to efficiently deliver lightweight and sustainable electric power for clean energy applications. Optimized for hydrogen-based, zero-emission electrified aircraft propulsion from kW to MW range, the design builds on the co"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-172", "LEW-TOPS-172", "Rapid Fabrication of Boron Nitride Fine Fibers", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanofibers have become an area of significant interest to industry given their combination of unique characteristics including excellent thermal conductivity, high electrical resistivity, chemical inertness, light weight, and mechanical strength. Potential applications"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-175", "LEW-TOPS-175", "Economical, On-Demand GRCop Alloy Production", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a new method to make high-performance GRCop alloys. This technology enables in-situ alloying of GRCop, a copper-chromium-niobium alloy, during additive manufacturing using only elemental metal powders instead of expensive pre-alloyed powders. "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-178", "LEW-TOPS-178", "Boosting Quantum Communication Efficiency", "communications", "GRC", "NASA’s new source array may help revolutionize quantum communication by addressing a fundamental challenge: the unwanted production of multiple entangled photon pairs that introduce noise and degrade transmission. This innovative quantum entanglement source array generates single pairs of entangled "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-180", "LEW-TOPS-180", "Improving Hybrid Electric Propulsion Efficiency", "propulsion", "GRC", "Propulsion system engineers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a novel method for increasing the efficiency of electrically driven propulsors by improving the range of operability against stall. Stall affects both compressor and propulsion fans and can be induced from a variety of operat"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-19", "LEW-TOPS-19", "Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor", "instrumentation", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed the Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor (MPASS), an aerosol-detection system that characterizes atmospheric particles, enabling real-time environmental monitoring often critical for public safety. This optical sensor is superior to the "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-20", "LEW-TOPS-20", "Polymer Cross-Linked Aerogels (X-Aerogels)", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed and produced ultra-lightweight polymer cross-linked aerogels (X-Aerogels). These mechanically robust, highly porous, low-density materials are 3 times denser than native aerogels, but more than 100 times stronger. Aerogels are ultra-lightweight glass "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-23", "LEW-TOPS-23", "Fuel Cell Power Management", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "An innovation from NASA's Glenn Research Center increases the efficiency and versatility of fuel cell stacks for power generation. When there is a large increase in the power demand from a fuel cell system, the voltage of the fuel cell system decreases, sometimes below the lowest acceptable threshol"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-24", "LEW-TOPS-24", "NanoWire Glass Switch for Radio Frequency", "communications", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed nanoionics-based radio frequency (RF) switches for use in devices that rely on low power RF transmissions, such as automotive systems, RFID technology, and smart phones. These groundbreaking nanoionic switches operate at speeds of semiconductor switches and"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-25", "LEW-TOPS-25", "Silicon Carbide (SiC) Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have conducted leading-edge research toward the development of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers and SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) that can be used in high-temperature structural applications, such as hot components in gas turbine engines. Glenn has g"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-27", "LEW-TOPS-27", "Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have developed a polymer matrix composite composed of layers that alternate between a thin carbon fiber veil layer coated with nanotubes and a thicker base carbon fiber reinforcement layer. The alternating fiber layers are held together by a curable epoxy r"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-31", "LEW-TOPS-31", "Polyamide Aerogels", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Sometimes referred to as \"solid smoke,\" aerogels are the world's lightest solid materials, composed of approximately 85% air by volume. Polyamide aerogels open up a whole new world of applications due to their unique properties: translucent like silica aerogels; thermoplastic; ultra-low density; sup"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-32", "LEW-TOPS-32", "How to Train Shape Memory Alloys", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Shape memory alloys (SMAs), sometimes known as \"smart metals,\" provide a lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional actuators and switches, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, or motor-based systems. To function properly, SMAs must be \"trained\" to return to a previous form when heated, and innov"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-33", "LEW-TOPS-33", "Integrated Circuit Chips", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a new generation of silicon carbide (SiC) logic and mixed signal integrated circuits (ICs), unprecedented in the field of high-temperature electronics. Previously, SiC ICs could not withstand more than a few hours of 500°C temperatures before"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-34", "LEW-TOPS-34", "Hall Effect Thruster Technologies", "propulsion", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed new technologies that increase the operational lifetime of a Hall effect thruster (HET), which is used primarily on Earth-orbiting satellites and can also be used for deep-space robotic vehicles. The operational lifetime of HETs is determined"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-47", "LEW-TOPS-47", "Dynamic Range Enhancement of High-Speed Data Acquisition Systems", "electrical and electronics", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a technique using reversible non-linear amplitude compression to overcome hardware limitations of common high-speed data acquisition systems. The NASA Glenn technique measures electronic signals with high dynamic range, wide bandwidth, and hi"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-50", "LEW-TOPS-50", "High-Efficiency Solar Cell", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a high-efficiency multi-junction solar cell that uses a thin interlayer of selenium as the bonding material between wafers. Selenium is a unique semiconductor in that its transparent to light at photon energies below the band gap (infrared), "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-52", "LEW-TOPS-52", "New Concepts in Film Cooling for Turbine Blades", "aerospace", "GRC", "To run at maximum efficiency, turbine engines often experience temperatures of more than 2000 degrees Kelvin, and these elevated temperatures can lead to compromised integrity and failure of the blades. One method for addressing this problem is film cooling, in which cool air is bled from the compre"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-60", "LEW-TOPS-60", "Luminescence-Based Temperature Mapping and Sensing Systems", "sensors", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center has developed non-contact, ultra-bright luminescence-based surface temperature mapping and sensing systems capable of operating in environments with extremely high thermal radiation. This is accomplished through the use of a unique chromium-doped gadolinium aluminate (Cr"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-62", "LEW-TOPS-62", "Rare Earth Aluminate Composites", "materials and coatings", "GRC", "Bearing surfaces are typically either metal-on-metal (MOM), ceramic-on-ceramic (COC), or metal-on-polyethylene (MOP). MOM and MOP couplings have the drawback that metallic or polyethylene particles can sometimes separate from the couplings, which can cause significant problems, particularly in a hip"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-63", "LEW-TOPS-63", "Optical Tunable-Based Transmitter for Multiple High-Frequency Bands", "communications", "GRC", "As the demand grows for more radio frequency (RF) carrier bands in space communication systems, so does the need for a cost-effective compact optical transmitter that is capable of efficiently transmitting multiple RF bands. Traditionally, when a satellite transmits to another satellite or a ground "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-71", "LEW-TOPS-71", "Low-Power Charged Particle Detector", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a miniature, solid-state radiation detector that can be used in situations where compact size, low weight, and low power consumption are required. Conventional scintillator-based charged particle counters rely upon a glass photomultiplier tub"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-76", "LEW-TOPS-76", "Data Transfer for Multiple Sensor Networks", "instrumentation", "GRC", "At extreme temperatures, few electronic components are available to support intelligent data transfer over a common, linear combining medium such as wire or the airwaves. NASA Glenn's innovation allows the operating frequency of a sensor instrument to be time variant because the sensor is part of th"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-78", "LEW-TOPS-78", "Inexpensive Microsensor Fabrication Process", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a simple method of fabricating novel microsensors in large quantities using nanostructures as templates. Existing nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes or biological structures, have excellent potential for use in sensor systems but lack c"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-79", "LEW-TOPS-79", "Polymer Electrolyte-Based Ambient Temperature Oxygen Microsensor", "sensors", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed an ambient temperature oxygen microsensor that can be used in fuel-leak and fire-detection applications. Because the technology detects oxygen levels from 7-21% in nitrogen, it also enables environmental and personal health monitoring. Many e"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-80", "LEW-TOPS-80", "Stirling Thermoacoustic Power Converter and Magnetostrictive Alternator", "power generation and storage", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed two novel technologies that make Stirling engines more efficient and less costly. First, Glenn's thermoacoustic power converter uses sound to turn heat into electric power. Utilizing heat-driven pressures and volume oscillations from thermoac"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-82", "LEW-TOPS-82", "Subcutaneous Structure Imager", "health medicine and biotechnology", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center have successfully developed a novel subcutaneous structure imager for locating veins in challenging patient populations, such as juvenile, elderly, dark-skinned, or obese patients. Spurred initially by the needs of pediatric sickle-cell anemia patients in A"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-85", "LEW-TOPS-85", "Pressurized Oxygen via Solid Oxide Electrolysis", "manufacturing", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a method for producing pure high-pressure oxygen via an electrochemical pumping process through a solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) cell stack. Glenn's device can either concentrate the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere or extract the oxygen via "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-93", "LEW-TOPS-93", "Multi-Stage Filtration System", "environment", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a unique multi-stage filtration system to collect a wide range of particle sizes with minimal filter changes. This breakthrough capability keeps high-efficiency media and devices from becoming overloaded with larger particles. Glenn's system "], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-95", "LEW-TOPS-95", "Tunable Multi-Tone, Multi-Band, High-Frequency Synthesizer", "communications", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research Center have developed a multi-tone, multi-band, high frequency synthesizer that enables unprecedented satellite communications and atmospheric studies. Because of the increased congestion at currently used frequency bands, it would be game-changing to open other m"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-97", "LEW-TOPS-97", "High-Temperature Single Crystal Preloader", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Many aerospace vehicles require thermal barriers/seals to minimize the flow of hot gases through interfaces in thermal protection systems and propulsion systems where temperatures can exceed 1200°F. One of the primary challenges is maintaining proper sealing contact at elevated temperatures. To addr"], ["patent_issued", "LEW-TOPS-99", "LEW-TOPS-99", "Superelastic Tire", "mechanical and fluid systems", "GRC", "Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research center have developed a game changing, non-pneumatic, compliant tire. This innovation, called the Superelastic Tire, was developed for future Moon and Mars missions, but is a viable alternative to pneumatic tires here on Earth. This technology represents the lates"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-100", "MFS-TOPS-100", "Debris-Tolerant Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a Debris-Tolerant Valve designed for use in machines/environments with a large quantity of airborne dust or other contaminants. The invention was created for an atmospheric revitalization system on the International Space Statio"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-101", "MFS-TOPS-101", "Magnetically Damped Check Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a Magnetically Damped Check Valve for eliminating chatter in passive valve systems. At low flow rates, passive valves often chatter (i.e., slightly open and shut at some frequency). Check valves, for example, are designed for fu"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-102", "MFS-TOPS-102", "Internal Friction Reduction (IFR) Tool", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a cost-effective pin tool for use in self-reacting friction stir welding (SR-FSW), making the SR-FSW process significantly more robust and cost-effective. The IFR Tool mitigates the internal friction that occurs between the weld pin and crown-shoulde"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-105", "MFS-TOPS-105", "Robotic Assembly of Photovoltaic Arrays", "robotics automation and control", "MSFC", "NASA researchers have developed a novel process for assembling thin-film solar cells into larger solar arrays. Current methods for solar array manufacturing depend on time-consuming, manual assembly of solar cells into multi-cell arrays. Print-assisted photovoltaic assembly (PAPA) is an assembly pro"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-106", "MFS-TOPS-106", "Periodic Wave Disc Brake Rotor", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Developed by innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, the Periodic Wave Disc Brake Rotor offers improved performance for potential applications in racings cars, motorcycles, and in particular for electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with regenerative braking systems. NASA's periodic wave rot"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-109", "MFS-TOPS-109", "Tension Element Damping (TED) – With Hydraulics for Large Displacements", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted structural vibrations that cause maintenance issues and compromise the performance and safety of large, tall structures. NASAs method is fundamentally different from conventional passive and active vibration damping methods used today. T"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-111", "MFS-TOPS-111", "Integral Tuned Mass Absorber for Turbine Blades", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a novel turbine blade design and manufacturing approach that provides a significant reduction in turbine blade resonant vibration. In particular this innovation addresses the unique resonance vibration challenges of conventionally machined turbine bl"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-116", "MFS-TOPS-116", "Self-aligning Poppet", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "As NASA plans for manned missions to Mars, efforts are being made to identify technologies that must be improved to make such trips feasible. Valves have been identified as one technology in need of improvement – on the voyage to Mars, propellants and other stored materials will leak through seals i"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-117", "MFS-TOPS-117", "Printable IoT sensor development platform", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "NASA inventors have developed a low-power wireless platform for the evaluation of sensors printed on flexible polyimide substrates. The platform simplifies development of novel environmental sensors and their end-use applications by merging Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) hardware, sensors, and sensor f"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-120", "MFS-TOPS-120", "Additively Manufactured Propulsion Catalysts", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "In mono-propulsion systems, a propellant is flowed across a catalyst to promote a chemical reaction and generate thrust. Conventional catalyst manufacturing methods entail (a) coating the inner walls of the thruster nozzle with a catalyst (generally undesirable due to limited catalyst-propellant con"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-122", "MFS-TOPS-122", "Miniature Separable Fill & Drain Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed the Miniature Separable Fill & Drain Valve, a manually operated, two-part valve design for CubeSat propulsion applications. Miniature propulsion systems have been an area of significant investment over recent years as rising CubeSat "], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-124", "MFS-TOPS-124", "Ocean Platform Motion Control", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted motion in floating structures. Ideally suited to applications including offshore wind energy platforms and barges, the innovation uses water ballast as a motion damping fluid. Various designs have been developed to suit a number of "], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-125", "MFS-TOPS-125", "Tension Element Vibration Damping", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted structural vibrations. NASA's method is fundamentally different from conventional passive and active vibration damping methods widely used today. Tension Element Vibration Damping uses “disruptive modal coupling” between two structu"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-127", "MFS-TOPS-127", "Friction Stir Deposition Innovations", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Innovators at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed two new friction stir deposition (FSD) add-on tools that allow a conventional friction stir welding (C-FSW) system to be reversibly adapted for deposition within minutes. Both FSD end effectors use the rotating pin of the FSW tool to"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-128", "MFS-TOPS-128", "Ultra High-throughput Small Punch Test Machine for Maximum Efficiency", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Tensile testing is a destructive testing method that provides crucial information on tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, fracture toughness, ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, and other properties related to the breaking point of materials. However, traditional methods are slow, exp"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-132", "MFS-TOPS-132", "Composite Dielectric Inks for Humidity Sensing", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "Inventors at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed humidity sensing dielectric ink formulations for use in printed electronic and sensor manufacturing applications. Novel ceramic powders with favorable dielectric properties are mixed with liquid resins to form a polymer-ceramic com"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-133", "MFS-TOPS-133", "Adaptive Camera Assembly", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "During the Apollo missions, lightly modified off-the-shelf cameras were used by astronauts to take imagery while performing extravehicular activities (EVAs). These cameras were cumbersome to operate in spacesuits that limit body mobility and pressurized gloves that limit finger dexterity and strengt"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-134", "MFS-TOPS-134", "Passive PCB-Mounted Thermal Switch", "electrical and electronics", "MSFC", "Effective heat dissipation and thermal protection are critical for printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in spaceflight applications, where the boards must withstand extreme temperature fluctuations, especially during deep space or lunar surface operations. PCBs generate heat while functioning. In a va"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-135", "MFS-TOPS-135", "Modified Tuned Liquid Column Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) are widely used for vibration suppression, yet their application to floating wind turbine systems presents unique challenges due to the strict geometric constraints of offshore platforms. Achieving the desired frequency, damping, and stiffness is often difficult w"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-40", "MFS-TOPS-40", "Nested Focusing Optics for Compact Neutron Sources", "optics", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed novel neutron grazing incidence optics for use with small-scale portable neutron generators. The technology was developed to enable the use of commercially available neutron generators for applications requiring high flux densities, including high pe"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-41", "MFS-TOPS-41", "Novel Overhang Support Designs for Powder-Based Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM)", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with the University of Alabama, has developed a contact-free support structure used to fabricate overhang-type geometries via EBAM. The support structure is used for 3-D metal-printed components for the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and other i"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-53", "MFS-TOPS-53", "Tool for Rapid Identification of TCE in Plants", "environment", "MSFC", "In collaboration with the State University of New York and the Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center is developing a hyperspectral estimator to detect trichloroethylene (TCE) in plants. TCE has been a widely used industrial solvent known to be toxic to humans and animals. Alth"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-61", "MFS-TOPS-61", "Improving Formability of Al-Li Alloys", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA scientists have designed a novel heat treatment process that significantly improves the formability of high-performance aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) 2195 alloy plate stock. The heat treatment process dramatically reduces cracking and also improves the yield and range of product sizes/shapes that ca"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-70", "MFS-TOPS-70", "Interim, In Situ Additive Manufacturing Inspection", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a novel method for interim, in situ dimensional inspection of additively manufactured parts. Additive manufacturing processes currently have limited monitoring capabilities, offering users little to no options in mitigating the high lev"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-71", "MFS-TOPS-71", "Low-Cost, Long-Lasting Valve Seal", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a new, simplified method for installing valve seats, eliminating the need for a swaged assembly process and the additional hardware and equipment that are typically found in conventional, elastomeric valve seat installations. In addition to weight redu"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-74", "MFS-TOPS-74", "Gimbal for Steering Propelled CubeSats", "robotics automation and control", "MSFC", "NASA is preparing for the next generation of CubeSats that are propelled and will make directional maneuvers. The new gimbal mount provides a seat for the motor and controls the position of the thrusters that propel the CubeSat as it moves about and/or changes orbits. This small-footprint device con"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-75", "MFS-TOPS-75", "Novel, Solid-State Hybrid Ultracapacitor Battery", "power generation and storage", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a solid-state ultracapacitor with a unique combination of high capacitance and battery-like discharge characteristics. The high capacitance in a solid-state form can enable a new type of ultracapacitor, and, in combination with the ability to deliver"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-79", "MFS-TOPS-79", "Pilot Assisted Check Valve for Low Pressure Applications", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Inventors at NASA have developed an advanced check valve with a pressure sensing design that allows the valve to crack open at low pressure differentials while still providing the required sealing stress on the valve seat at all pressures below cracking pressure. The design of the valve also allows "], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-81", "MFS-TOPS-81", "Cladding and Freeform Deposition for Coolant Channel Closeout", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Low-cost, large-scale liquid rocket engines with regeneratively cooled nozzles will enable reliable and reduced-cost access to space. Coolant, contained under high pressure, circulates through a bank of channels within the nozzle to properly cool the nozzle walls to withstand high temperatures and p"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-82", "MFS-TOPS-82", "Air Revitalization for Vacuum Environments", "environment", "MSFC", "NASA has developed a lightweight atmosphere revitalization system to support short-duration human space flights. Air revitalization is a critical component of manned space flights since passenger-carrying vehicles require a way to control humidity and process metabolic carbon dioxide to sustain an e"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-85", "MFS-TOPS-85", "Sublimable Propellant Source for Iodine-fed Ion Propulsion System", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASAs Marshall Research Center has developed a system for generating iodine vapor from solid iodine, for use as a propellant in a Hall or ion thruster propulsion system. Xenon has generally been the preferred propellant of choice for these spacecraft ion propulsion systems, but more recently iodine-"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-90", "MFS-TOPS-90", "Multi-and Wide-Band Single-Feed Patch Antenna", "communications", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a novel patch antenna technology. This simple antenna design provides significant benefits to NASA satellite communication applications, offering a unique wide-band/multi-band operating capability. For other commercial space or non-sp"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-91", "MFS-TOPS-91", "Fluid-Filled Frequency-Tunable Mass Damper", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a fluids-based tunable mass damper system that allows for significant distribution of loads while also providing a simple mechanism that allows for the capability to change its frequency of mitigation with negligible impact on the "], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-93", "MFS-TOPS-93", "A One-piece Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber Assembly", "propulsion", "MSFC", "NASA is developing a lightweight one-piece regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber assembly (TCA) for liquid rocket engines. Liquid rocket engines create thrust through the expansion of combusted propellants within the TCA. Standard manufacturing of TCAs involves individually building the injector, mai"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-94", "MFS-TOPS-94", "Cryogenic Hydraulically Actuated Isolation Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Researchers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center have developed a cryogenic isolation valve that utilizes the upstream line pressure of cryogenic fluids for actuation. Previously, the use of cryogenic fluids for actuation systems had been too difficult to control and resulted in unsafe operating c"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-96", "MFS-TOPS-96", "Reverse Vortex Ring (RVR)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "MSFC", "Innovators at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have developed a mechanism for improving rotordynamic stability and response in turbomachinery. The Reverse Vortex Ring (RVR) invention was created specifically to solve instability problems with turbopumps on the Space Shuttle main engine, which"], ["patent_issued", "MFS-TOPS-99", "MFS-TOPS-99", "High Flow Differential Cleaning", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "Powder-based AM methods typically require post-fabrication component cleaning to remove residue powder from the surface and crevices of the part, a task that becomes increasingly difficult and time consuming with part complexity. Methods currently available to clean AM parts have significant drawbac"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-100", "MSC-TOPS-100", "Ionic Magnetic Resonance Tailors Animal Cells/Tissues", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed an apparatus and method that controls the growth and proliferation of 3D biological cells and mammalian tissue in the presence of a pulsating, alternating ionic magnetic resonance field (AIMR). The present technology applies a spectrum of electro"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-101", "MSC-TOPS-101", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Arm Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represents the cutti"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-102", "MSC-TOPS-102", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Hand Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represents the cutti"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-103", "MSC-TOPS-103", "Advanced Humanoid Robotic Interface & Control", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of autonomous robotics, have developed the Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project represent"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-104", "MSC-TOPS-104", "Advanced Robotic Sensing Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors, two organizations at the forefront of autonomous robotics, have collaborated to develop Robonaut 2 (R2) – a state-of-the-art, dexterous, humanoid robot capable of performing tasks in an automated fashion (or via teleoperation). The technology developed throughout the project"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-105", "MSC-TOPS-105", "Coil-On-Plug Igniter for Reliable Engine Starts", "electrical and electronics", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a coil-on-plug ignition system for integrated liquid oxygen (LOX)/liquid methane (LCH4) thermal-vacuum environment propulsion systems operating in a thermal vacuum environment. The innovation will help quell corona discharge issues and reduce ov"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-106", "MSC-TOPS-106", "X-Ray Crack Detectability", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed flaw size parameter modeling to determine if a specific X-ray setup can detect cracks of various sizes within materials. These models allow users to optimize X-ray radiography setups, for the detection of crack and crack-like flaws, to penetrate"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-107", "MSC-TOPS-107", "Handheld Metal Tube Straightener", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an in-novative Handheld Metal Tube Straightener that removes bends within the last 3.5 inches of a malleable metal tube end – such as those used for fuel, pneumatic, and hydraulic pressurized lines – so that the tube end can be swaged into a co"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-109", "MSC-TOPS-109", "Multi-Link Spherical Joint", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a spherical joint which allows up to six linearly actuated links or attachments to rotate about a co-located center. Originally designed to provide joint flexibility necessary for a variable geometry truss system, the new spherical joint also all"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-111", "MSC-TOPS-111", "Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) System", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method and apparatus to multiplex Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) signals efficiently. The resulting Hyper-Distributed RFID Antenna (HYDRA) system enhances distribution of the RFID reader signal, providing improved coverage for large are"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-113", "MSC-TOPS-113", "Circumferential Scissor Spring Enhances Precision in Hand Controllers", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed a circumferential scissor spring mechanism, that when incorporated into a hand controller, improves the restorative force to a control stick’s neutral position. The design also provides for operation on a more linear portion of the spring's force"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-114", "MSC-TOPS-114", "Computer Vision Lends Precision to Robotic Grappling", "information technology and software", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed computer vision software that derives target posture determinations quickly and then instructs an operator how to properly align a robotic end-effector with a target that they are trying to grapple. As an added benefit, the software’s obje"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-117", "MSC-TOPS-117", "Low Mass Antenna Boosts RFID Device Performance", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a quarter-wavelength RFID dual mode antenna that provides polarization diversity and employs dual resonances, but in a form factor that is much smaller than other RFID antennas that provide similar functionality. Typically, antennas designed to "], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-118", "MSC-TOPS-118", "Corkscrew Filter Extracts Liquid From Air Charge", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center in collaboration with IRPI, LLC, have developed a compact inline filter that utilizes a unique multi-phase flow method to separate liquid from an incoming air charge. The filter also traps particulate matter and does so without significantly impinging upon flo"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-124", "MSC-TOPS-124", "RFID Tag System for Precise Asset Tracking & Localization", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a low-cost means to refine localization and determine when specific assets have been attached or placed in set proximity of each other using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This innovation is comprised of both a novel RFID sens"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-148", "MSC-TOPS-148", "Solid-State System Efficiently Generates Purified O2", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center, in collaboration with inno-vators at American Oxygen, have developed a solid-state system and process that separates oxygen from ambient air and compresses the resulting purified oxygen – with a significant reduction in power con-sumption compared to prior st"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-21", "MSC-TOPS-21", "Freeze-Resistant Hydration System", "environment", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center is offering an innovative freeze-resistant hydration system for licensing. The technology substantially improves on existing hydration systems because it prevents water from freezing in the tubing, container, and mouthpiece, even in the harshest conditions on Earth. This "], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-29", "MSC-TOPS-29", "Filtering Molecules with Nanotube Technology", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA's Johnson Space Center have identified a method to create a filtration device to eliminate contaminants from water supplies. Originally developed to purify wastewater for reuse aboard the International Space Station, the innovation is applicable to numerous situations on Earth whe"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-32", "MSC-TOPS-32", "Real-Time Tracking System", "communications", "JSC", "A real-time locating system (RTLS) developed at the Johnson Space Center uses ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency (RF) signals for tracking and reporting the position of transmitter-equipped people and objects. The technology has 100 to 1,000 times finer granularity than conventional narrowband RF "], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-34", "MSC-TOPS-34", "Enhanced Software Suite Maximizes Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed novel techniques for post-processing of flash infrared (IR) thermography data, providing efficient and cost-effective enhancements to Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of structures for numerous applications. Compatible with commercial IR thermo"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-35", "MSC-TOPS-35", "Battery Charge Equalizer System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "A battery charge equalizer developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center provides individual cell charging in multi-cell battery strings using a minimum number of transformers. By effectively keeping all the cells in a multi-cell string at the same charge state, this technology maximizes the battery's li"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-36", "MSC-TOPS-36", "Passive Smart Container", "sensors", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center has developed a Passive Smart Container to monitor and track items that are too small to tag individually. Although Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is being used widely for pallet and box level tracking in the commercial sector, significant technology gap"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-37", "MSC-TOPS-37", "Robo-Glove", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors (GM) have designed and developed Robo-Glove, a wearable human grasp assist device, to help reduce the grasping force needed by an individual to operate tools for an extended time or when performing tasks having r"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-38", "MSC-TOPS-38", "Robonaut 2 Technologies", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple component technologies and systems: vision systems, image recognition systems, sensor"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-40", "MSC-TOPS-40", "Battery Management System", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "NASA seeks interested parties to license the Battery Management System (BMS) developed by innovators at Johnson Space Center. NASA's BMS features the ability to monitor and balance the charge of individual battery cells that are in series and provide fault detection of individual cells in parallel w"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-41", "MSC-TOPS-41", "High Quality Tissue Formation Method", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center seeks interested parties for the licensing and commercialization of the High Density Spot Seeding (HDSS) method patented technology used to create 2D and 3D tissue models. This method can be used to develop tissue models for a variety of applications including wound treatme"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-42", "MSC-TOPS-42", "Self-Contained Device Isolates Biological Samples", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "JSC is looking to interested parties to license and commercialize this patented technology. Innovators at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) developed a patented self-contained device for isolating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins, and cells without using pipettes or cent"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-44", "MSC-TOPS-44", "Robonaut 2: Hazardous Environments", "environment", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2 is made up of multiple systems and sub-components: vision systems, image recognition systems, sensors, cont"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-46", "MSC-TOPS-46", "Robonaut 2: Logistics and Distribution", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2's nearly 50 patented and patent-pending technologies have the potential to be game-changers in multiple in"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-47", "MSC-TOPS-47", "Robonaut 2: Industrial Opportunities", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in collaboration with General Motors (GM) and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). R2's nearly 50 patented and patent-pending technologies have the potential to be game-changers in many ap"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-51", "MSC-TOPS-51", "RFID Tag for Long Range and Wide Coverage Capabilities", "sensors", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center have created a suite of RFID technologies focused in the areas of inventory management and tracking systems and one of those technologies is the RFID Tag with Long Range and Wide Coverage Capabilities. This technology can be integrated to a RFID Tag with "], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-52", "MSC-TOPS-52", "Foot Pedal Controller", "aerospace", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a novel foot-pedal operated system and device to control movement of an object in three-dimensional (3D) space. The Foot Pedal Controller system enables operators to control movement of spacecraft, aircraft, and watercraft using only f"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-53", "MSC-TOPS-53", "Microwave-Based Water Decontamination System", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a microwave based system that eradicates bacteria. The technology can be used to treat water systems to generate potable water. The technology was originally developed to address the water purification needs and challenges on the Internation"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-54", "MSC-TOPS-54", "Micro-Organ Device Mimics Organ Structures for Lab Testing", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "NASA Johnson Space Center has developed the Micro-Organ Device (MOD) platform technology that serves as a drug screening system with human or animal cell micro-organs to supplement and reduce animal studies while potentially increasing the success of clinical trials. The technology was originally de"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-56", "MSC-TOPS-56", "Pressure Sensor Mechanism", "sensors", "JSC", "The Pressure Sensor Mechanism is designed to measure or monitor tactile pressure. It is based on passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags and is applicable to a variety of systems. As RFID sensors transmit information wirelessly, they eliminate many challenges associated with tradit"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-60", "MSC-TOPS-60", "Full-Size Reduced Gravity Simulator For Humans, Robots, and Test Objects", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "To train astronauts to live and work in the weightless environment on the International Space Station, NASA employs a number of techniques and facilities that simulate microgravity. Engineers at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a new system called the Active Response Gravity Offloa"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-68", "MSC-TOPS-68", "Pre-Treatment Solution for Water Recovery", "environment", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a pre-treatment solution, currently being used aboard the International Space Station (ISS), that increases the amount of potable water recovered through the ISS's urine processor assembly (UPA). The solution acts to stabilize flushed urine chem"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-70", "MSC-TOPS-70", "Robotic System for Infra-structure Reconnaissance", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a robotic system whose primary structural platform, or “orb”, can be injected into a pipe network and perform reconnaissance of piping infrastructure and other interior volumes. When deployed, this technology uses throttled fluid flow from a com"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-72", "MSC-TOPS-72", "Smart Enclosure using RFID for Inventory Tracking", "communications", "JSC", "The NASA Johnson Space Center has developed a method for tracking collections of items in a smart container using radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags with a high level of read accuracy. Automating the tracking of a collection of items (particularly small items) represents a major industrial h"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-73", "MSC-TOPS-73", "Miniature Bioreactor System for Cell Culture", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Scientists at the NASA Johnson Space Center and the University of Houston have developed a miniature bioreactor system for varied term cell culturing and sampling. The miniature bioreactor allows for continuous and simultaneous short, moderate, or long-term cell culturing of several types of cells a"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-74", "MSC-TOPS-74", "Modular Robotic Vehicle (MRV)", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center in collaboration with an automotive partner have developed the Modular Robotic Vehicle (MRV). This fully electric vehicle is well-suited for busy urban environments, industrial complexes, or large resort areas. The MRV combines a number of innovative techn"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-75", "MSC-TOPS-75", "Internal Short Circuit Testing Device to Improve Battery Designs", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Batteries, such as lithium-ion for example that are sold for consumer use in portable electronic devices and other applications such as electrical cars, occasionally fail in the field over time. These cells have typically passed a wide variety of safety tests, such as those required by governmental "], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-76", "MSC-TOPS-76", "Precision Low Speed Motor Controller", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method for controlling precise motion of a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor using relatively inexpensive components. Precision motors are usually quite expensive and inefficient when operating at slow speeds. This technology uses a method to cont"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-77", "MSC-TOPS-77", "Li-ion Cell Calorimeter", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a calorimeter that is able to measure the total heat generated when specific types of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells are driven into a thermal runaway condition. By understanding the behavior of a thermal runaway Li-ion battery, designers can im"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-79", "MSC-TOPS-79", "Agile RFID Antenna System", "sensors", "JSC", "Researchers at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a suite of RFID-based technologies focused on improving communication of an RFID reader with a greater number of RFID tags in open and enclosed areas. Typically, RFID reader communications with tags are spectrum-regulated to a narrow bandwi"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-80", "MSC-TOPS-80", "Space Suit RoboGlove (SSRG)", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have created an enhanced second-generation, robotically assisted extravehicular activity (EVA) glove. The SSRG has been engineered to further decrease the exertion required to do complex, hand-intensive EVA tasks and reduce the risk of astronaut hand inj"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-81", "MSC-TOPS-81", "Split-Ring Torque Sensor", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with Oceaneering and The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, have developed the Split-Ring Torque Sensor (SRTS), a device that uses optical sensors to measure the position, velocity, and torque of a rotating system. T"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-83", "MSC-TOPS-83", "Cord Tension Measurement Device (C-Gauge)", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed the C-Gauge, a non-invasive tension measurement device for axial loaded cords. Cordage-based flexible structure systems are used by NASA as parachutes and inflatable structures. For engineers to fully design, develop, and test these ty"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-84", "MSC-TOPS-84", "Liquid Sorbent Carbon Dioxide Removal System", "mechanical and fluid systems", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with Jacobs Technology, and IRPI, have developed a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective carbon dioxide (CO2) removal and dehumidification system. The new system is designed for ventilation applications and utilizes a gentle, pass"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-85", "MSC-TOPS-85", "Upper Body Robotic Exoskeleton", "robotics automation and control", "JSC", "Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed a soft, wearable, robotic upper limb exoskeleton garment designed to actively control the shoulder and elbow, both positioning the limb in specific orientations and commanding the limb through desired motions. The invention was develop"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-89", "MSC-TOPS-89", "‘Diamond Maker’ Technology Simulates Subsurface Geology in Laboratories", "materials and coatings", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a novel, double capsule control system that allows for high temperature and high-pressure geologic research to be performed in a contained environment relevant to a broad array of materials. It can also yield the speciation of redox-sensitive el"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-90", "MSC-TOPS-90", "Spacecraft to Remove Orbital Debris", "aerospace", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have designed an Active Debris Removal Vehicle (ADRV) that can remove large orbital debris from low-Earth orbit (LEO). The ADRV will approach a debris object, assess its characteristics and motion, determine an initial capture trajectory, match its rotation ra"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-91", "MSC-TOPS-91", "RFID-Enabled Wireless Instrumentation", "instrumentation", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a wireless instrumentation system whose sensor tags can operate for years in a low-power hibernation state with instantaneous over-the-air passive RFID wakeup using only a small coin cell battery. The sensor tags, which are embedded with a proce"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-92", "MSC-TOPS-92", "Automated Fabric Circuit and Antenna Fabrication", "manufacturing", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a cost-effective method to create fabric-based circuits and antennas by combining conventional embroidery with automated milling. The technology allows for higher surface conductivity, improved impedance control, expanded design and application "], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-93", "MSC-TOPS-93", "Wearable RFID Sensor Tags With Priority Data Forwarding", "sensors", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed an adaptable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system that optimizes transmission for priority data as targets move in and out of passive coverage areas. The method extends the range, and reduces data latency, of ultra-low power battery-assi"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-94", "MSC-TOPS-94", "Human Tissue-Like Cellular Assemblies Grown for Respiratory Studies", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technology that yields three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like assemblies (TLAs) of human broncho-epithelial (HBE) cells for in vitro research on infection of humans by respiratory viruses. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cel"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-95", "MSC-TOPS-95", "3D Mineralized Bone Constructs", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a technique to grow 3D tissue constructs, similar to human bone, in a laboratory environment. Problems arise when studying both the normal state and pathophysiology of bone. As an organ system, it is slow growing, so the time to study and observ"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-96", "MSC-TOPS-96", "Noninvasive Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration", "health medicine and biotechnology", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center researching time-variance magnetic field (TVMF) therapies have developed a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device that can alleviate cartilage degradation in synovial joints by promoting the growth of new cartilage. Joint disorders, whether induced by rheu"], ["patent_issued", "MSC-TOPS-99", "MSC-TOPS-99", "Triggering Li-ion Battery Cells with Laser Radiation", "power generation and storage", "JSC", "Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a high-powered infrared (IR) laser that can trigger Li-ion battery cells into thermal runaway (TR) without perforating the battery’s can wall like previous methods. Inducing TR in a battery cell allows engineers to test and improve the safety pe"], ["patent_issued", "NPO-TOPS-14", "NPO-TOPS-14", "Biomarker Sensor Arrays for Microfluidics Applications", "sensors", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) offers a method to manufacture biomarker sensor arrays with nanoscale resolution and active regions on the order of 1 micron, by applying nanolithographic direct-write techniques to the fabrication of silane chemistry sensors on a transparent substrate. This no"], ["patent_issued", "NPO-TOPS-15", "NPO-TOPS-15", "Improved Indium Bump Bonding Using Multi-Step Plasma Process", "materials and coatings", "JPL", "Indium bump bonding is one standard method of connecting electronic chips to circuit boards. Indium solder bumps are deposited over contact pads of both the chip and the board, and then the contact pads are aligned and pressed together to form an electrically conductive bond. One issue with this tec"], ["patent_issued", "SSC-TOPS-1", "SSC-TOPS-1", "In Situ Performance Monitoring of Piezoelectric Sensors and Accelerometers", "sensors", "SSC", "An in situ measurement system for monitoring the performance of piezoelectric sensors, particularly accelerometers, was developed. With this technology, characteristics such as resonant frequency, response, cable status, connectivity, bonding and linear range, can be determined. Sensors can be teste"], ["patent_issued", "SSC-TOPS-2", "SSC-TOPS-2", "Floating Piston Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "The valve developed consists of a solid piston floating in a medium to control the flow stream. The piston is designed to be axially and radially balanced within the flow stream whether the valve is in the open or closed position. The only force imparted onto the piston is that which the operator ch"], ["patent_issued", "SSC-TOPS-9", "SSC-TOPS-9", "Cryogenic Cam Butterfly Valve", "mechanical and fluid systems", "SSC", "Typical butterfly valves cannot seal at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. At cryogenic temperatures, valves grow and shrink, changing critical dimensions such as distance between the disc and seat. Ideally, valves would compensate. The inability of existing butterfly valves to do this trigger"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-102", "TOP2-102", "Spatial Standard Observer (SSO)", "optics", "ARC", "The Spatial Standard Observer (SSO) was developed to predict the detectability of spatial contrast targets such as those used in the ModelFest project. The SSO is a lumped parameter model basing its predictions on the visible contrast generalized energy. Visible contrast means that the contrast has "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-106", "TOP2-106", "Contaminated Water Treatment", "environment", "ARC", "Scientists at NASA Ames have developed a method and system that offers a novel way of processing and recycling of liquids to remove contaminants. Space exploration requires a life-support system that sustains astronauts on journeys lasting from a few days to several weeks or longer. The life-support"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-109", "TOP2-109", "FACET: Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool", "aerospace", "ARC", "The NASA Ames Research Center offers the opportunity to license FACET, a flexible software tool for air traffic management. With thousands of planes flying overhead in the U.S. at any given time, there is an urgent need for tools that help avoid air traffic incidents and delays. To help air traffic "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-112", "TOP2-112", "Gas Sensors Based on Coated and Doped Carbon Nanotubes", "sensors", "ARC", "NASAs Ames Research Center offers the opportunity to license and codevelop electronic, inexpensive, low-power gas sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Traditional sensors, such as metal oxide devices, have been utilized for several decades for detection of combustible and toxic g"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-160", "TOP2-160", "Solar Powered Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Conversion", "power generation and storage", "ARC", "NASA has developed a new technology that can convert the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (C02) into fuel by using solar-powered, thin-film devices. Metal oxide thin films are fabricated to produce a photoelectrochemical cell that is powered by solar energy. By converting CO2 to fuel before it is emitt"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-162", "TOP2-162", "Transformable Hypersonic Aerodynamic Decelerator", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a game changing deployable aeroshell concept for entry, descent and landing (EDL) of large science and exploration-class payloads.The Adaptable, Deployable Entry Placement Technology (ADEPT) concept is a mechanically deployable semi-rigid aeroshell entry system capable of achievin"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-164", "TOP2-164", "Video Acuity Measurement System", "optics", "ARC", "There is a widely acknowledged need for metrics to quantify the performance of video systems. NASAs new empirical Video Acuity metric, is simple to measure and relates directly to task performance. Video acuity is determined by the smallest letters that can be automatically identified using a video "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-165", "TOP2-165", "Nanosatellite Launch Adapter System", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed and patented a technology called Nanosatellite Launch Adapter System (NLAS) that maximizes the efficiency of satellite launch opportunities. NLAS increases access to space while simplifying the integration process of miniature satellites, called nanosats or cubesats, onto launch v"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-166", "TOP2-166", "Variable Geometry Aircraft Wing Supported By Struts and/or Trusses", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has patented a new technology for an aircraft configuration that utilizes a strut/truss-braced oblique variable-sweep wing mounted on a constant cross-section geometry fuselage. In practice, the wing would start in a position closely aligned with the fuselage. This allows the aircraft to easily"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-167", "TOP2-167", "Woven Thermal Protection System", "manufacturing", "ARC", "NASA's Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET) is a 3-D woven heatshield design made to efficiently reject extreme heating during space vehicle entry into a planetary atmosphere. HEEET is a system to protect probe or scientific payload. The technology presents a revolutionary app"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-168", "TOP2-168", "Dynamic Weather Routes Tool", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a ground-based aircraft flight automation system and tool that can save significant amounts of time and fuel in challenging weather situations. The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes in-flight aircraft in en-route airspace to find corrections"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-169", "TOP2-169", "Nanosensor Array for Medical Diagnoses", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative approach to improve the quality and convenience of medical diagnosis, and data transmission for immediate therapy. The new technology uses a network of nanochemical sensors on a silicon chip combined with a monitoring system composed of humidity, temperature, and pre"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-175", "TOP2-175", "Inductive Monitoring System", "information technology and software", "ARC", "The Inductive Monitoring System (IMS) software utilizes techniques from the fields of model-based reasoning, machine learning, and data mining to build system monitoring knowledge bases from archived or simulated sensor data. Unlike some other machine learning techniques, IMS does not require exampl"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-183", "TOP2-183", "Surface Densification Of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA)", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "This technology from NASA allows a graded-surface densification of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). PICA was developed at NASA Ames Research Center in the 1980s for the forebody heatshield of the Stardust Return Capsule. With a low density (~0.27g/cm), coupled with efficient ablative capa"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-184", "TOP2-184", "Optimum Solar Conversion Cell Configurations", "power generation and storage", "ARC", "NASA has invented a new optical fiber that is suitable for solar lighting applications and electrical generation. A key feature is the integration of photovoltaic material for electricity generation. Fiber solar cells surpass both the efficiency and functionality of traditional flat-panel solar cell"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-186", "TOP2-186", "HeartBeatID", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "One or more biometric indicia, such as fingerprints, voice-prints, retinal scans, and facial features are often proposed to be used to identify, or to authenticate the asserted identity of a user who seeks access to a given resource. This invention provides a method and associated system for authent"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-188", "TOP2-188", "Selective Access and Editing in a Database", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method and system that provides selective access to different portions of a database by different subgroups of database users. In this system two or more members of a given access subgroup can edit simultaneously a document accessible to each member. This database system provide"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-194", "TOP2-194", "Enhanced Project Management Tool", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Many organizations face complex, hierarchical program and management structures, each with its own budget, requirements, milestones, and goals. This invention is a system for managing a project that includes multiple tasks and a plurality of workers. Input information includes characterizations base"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-196", "TOP2-196", "Co-Optimization of Blunt Body Shapes for Moving Vehicles", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has patented a design optimization method for optimal shapes for hypersonic vehicles with mid-range lift/drag ratios that enter or operate in planetary atmospheres, including Earth. The design method provides optimized aerodynamic properties (maximizing maneuverability and stability) and aero-t"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-197", "TOP2-197", "Habitat Water Wall for Water, Solids, and Atmosphere Recycle and Reuse", "environment", "ARC", "NASA has created a unique approach to water, solids, and atmosphere recycle and reuse. The membrane water wall concept includes a system for membrane-based water, solids, and air treatment functions that is embedded into the walls of inflatable or rigid habitat structures. It provides novel and pote"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-200", "TOP2-200", "Green aviation - improved aerodynamic efficiency and less fuel burn", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has created and combined two new concepts aircraft aerodynamic control surfaces and active wing-shaping control to reduce aircraft drag and lower fuel consumption. The first concept is referred to as a variable camber continuous trailing edge flap or, alternatively, a variable camber continuous"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-202", "TOP2-202", "Method and Device for Biometric Verification and Identification", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method for verifying the identity of a person based on his or her heartbeat electrocardiogram signal. The technique uses an algorithm that has been shown to be more reliable than other current procedures, such as fingerprint verification, retina verification, or detecting biomet"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-211", "TOP2-211", "Creating Low Density Flexible Ablative Materials", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has created a new approach to make a low density flexible ablative Thermal Protection Surface (TPS) material. The material is foldable and can be stowed in space for very long periods of time (years) without compromising deployability or performance. These flexible ablators offer an alternative"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-213", "TOP2-213", "Monitoring and Control of Each Nanosatellite within a Cluster of Nanosatellites", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "NASA has developed an innovative combination of a Magnetometer, low-powered ElectroMagnets, and Resonant Inductive Coupling (MEMRIC) to create and control relative positioning of nano satellites within a cluster. This is a game-changing approach to enable distributed nanosatellite (nanosat) clusters"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-215", "TOP2-215", "A New Family of Low-Density, Flexible Ablators", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has developed a method for producing a flexible, fibrous ablator thermal protection material for use on space vehicles experiencing temperatures of 1000° F (550° C) or above upon atmospheric re-entry. The flexible ablator has controllable elastic modulus and controllable flexibility to withstan"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-218", "TOP2-218", "Fabricating printable electronics and biosensor chips", "manufacturing", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique approach for an atmospheric pressure plasma-based process for fabrication of printable electronics and functional coatings. The need for low-cost and environmentally friendly processes for fabricating printable electronics and biosensor chips is rapidly growing. This plas"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-237", "TOP2-237", "Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management", "aerospace", "ARC", "To enable significant commercial use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) within lower altitude airspace and airspace that does not interfere with regular National Airspace System (NAS) operations, an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) system is required. Such UTM system needs to su"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-240", "TOP2-240", "Residual Mode Filters", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique control algorithm and synthesis method that uses a system's output to modify control inputs to cause the system to track a reference model or a fixed value in the presence of unmodeled system dynamics, varying operating environments and unpredictable disturbances. The uni"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-241", "TOP2-241", "Thermal protection supplement for reducing interface thermal mismatch", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has a new innovation that represents an exciting leap forward in reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) technology. The Toughened Uni-Piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC) allows for much more affordable and sustainable operations involving Space Launch Services and"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-244", "TOP2-244", "Multifunctional Ablative Thermal Protection System", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "NASA has developed a unique and robust multifunctional material called 3DMAT that meets both the structural and thermal performance needs for a lunar return mission and beyond. The 3DMAT Thermal Protection System (TPS) uses a game-changing woven technology tailored to the needs of the Orion Multi-Pu"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-245", "TOP2-245", "Interactive Diagnostic Modeling Evaluator", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed an interactive diagnostic modeling evaluator (i-DME) tool to aid in modeling for noise and lag in the data and debugging of system models when fault detection, isolation, and recovery results are incorrect. i-DME is designed to dramatically speed up the modeling debugging pro"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-246", "TOP2-246", "Portable Medical Diagnosis Instrument", "instrumentation", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel technology strategy called \"The NASA Analyzer\" that would provide comprehensive in-flight medical diagnostic capability in a compact, hand-held device for human deep-space missions such as Mars. Key features of the technology include the ability to handle multiple sample t"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-248", "TOP2-248", "Space Optical Communications Using Laser Beams", "communications", "ARC", "NASA has developed a new laser beam pointing technology for use in space optical communications. With further development, possible applications include communications from the Earth to spacecraft in Earth orbit and in deep space, such as at the moon and Mars. A possible application is to the Artemi"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-256", "TOP2-256", "3D Construction of Biologically Derived Materials", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel approach for macroscale biomaterial production by combining synthetic biology with 3D printing. Cells are biologically engineered to deposit desired materials, such as proteins or metals, derived from locally available resources. The bioengineered cells build different mat"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-258", "TOP2-258", "Method and System for Air Traffic Rerouting for Air-space Constraint Resolution", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center's National Airspace System (NAS) Constraint Evaluation and Notification Tool (NASCENT) is a dynamic, ground-based, airspace constraint avoidance system that automatically analyzes routes of flying or predeparture aircraft, in or near constrained regions (due to weather, Spe"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-260", "TOP2-260", "New Resin Systems for Thermal Protection Materials", "materials and coatings", "ARC", "This innovation focuses on an improved low density ablator with improved structural performance and high temperature capability. A new polymer system consisting of cyanate ester and phthalonitrile resins were used to create this carbon reinforced ablator. Cyanate ester resin is a thermoset resin whi"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-268", "TOP2-268", "Oculometric Testing for Detecting/Characterizing Mild Neural Impairment", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "This novel technology is a screening tool to screen for neurological disorders or injury detecting oculomotor signatures. The tool can be used to measure/monitor the severity and nature of such symptoms. Eye movements are the most frequent, shortest-latency, and biomechanically simplest voluntary mo"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-271", "TOP2-271", "Airborne Background Oriented Schlieren Technique", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA has developed a novel method to render visible the density changes in air that cause a refractive index change by an airborne vehicle. These density changes include shock waves, vortices, engine exhaust, and wakes. The determination of location and strength of shockwaves and vortices is fundame"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-272", "TOP2-272", "Method for Transferring a Spacecraft from Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit to Lunar Orbit", "aerospace", "ARC", "This novel innovation from Ames Research Center allows spacecraft to share rides with larger spacecraft which are headed to Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO). The secondary spacecraft is dropped off Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) at any time during the day or year and will subsequently enter lun"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-274", "TOP2-274", "Affordable Vehicle Avionics (AVA)", "aerospace", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center has developed a novel low-cost, self-contained Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) subsystem for developers and operators of small-payload Space Launch Vehicles (SLVs). Small satellites are becoming ever more capable of performing valuable missions for both government an"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-276", "TOP2-276", "Rapid Nucleic Acid Isolation Method and Fluid Handling Devices", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Sample preparation is a common bottleneck in genetic analysis. Tools that reduce time and effort are of great value in a laboratory setting. There is a need for a genetic analysis/detection system that is not only mobile, ruggedized, and easy-to-use but that also provides an enclosed fluid handling,"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-277", "TOP2-277", "Airborne Machine Learning Estimates for Local Winds and Kinematics", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Future Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and air taxis will require advanced onboard autonomy to operate safely within complex and dynamic urban environments. Urban landscapes are dynamic and constantly evolving. In addition to multi-directional, intense, and seemingly unpredictable winds often created "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-279", "TOP2-279", "Real-Time Drag Opti-mization Control Framework", "aerospace", "ARC", "Fuel efficiency is a major aircraft design consideration. Current and future-generation aircraft wing technology is moving toward lightweight, flexible, and high aspect ratio wing design. Wing flexibility can adversely impact aircraft performance, structural integrity, stability, and control. The ae"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-281", "TOP2-281", "Adaptive wind estimation for small unmanned aerial systems using motion data", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) are becoming increasingly popular for research, commercial, and military usage due to their affordability resulting from their small size, low cost and simple hardware structure. Their lightweight structure and limited power make the sUAS vulnerable to wind distu"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-282", "TOP2-282", "Multi-Objective Flight Control Optimization Framework", "aerospace", "ARC", "As aircraft wings become more flexible, adverse aerodynamic interactions with the wing structure can result in changes in the wing shapes due to aeroelastic deflections that can prevent the optimal aerodynamic performance from being realized. The flexible wing structure can also be more susceptible "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-283", "TOP2-283", "In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU): Methylotrophic Microorganisms Expressing Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Proteins", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Long duration missions to planetary bodies and deep space will require new technological developments that support human habitation in transit and on distant bodies. Microorganisms are unique from the standpoint that they can be employed as self-replicating bio-factories to produce both native and e"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-287", "TOP2-287", "Fine-pointing Optical Communication System Using Laser Arrays", "communications", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed a novel system in its portfolio for optical data transmissions from satellites using laser arrays for laser beam pointing. It is a fine pointing capability for laser beam pointing to augment body pointing by CubeSats in Low Orbit Earth (LEO). It is simple, static and compact."], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-288", "TOP2-288", "Intelligent Conversational Research Assistant", "information technology and software", "ARC", "NASA Ames has developed a community-driven, context-aware intelligent research assistant system (MATA - Sanskrit name for the Earth) which is capable of engaging with users in a conversational manner using natural language dialogue, invoking external community-provided web services to obtain informa"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-292", "TOP2-292", "Solid State Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensor", "sensors", "ARC", "Detection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is very important for environmental, health, safety and space applications. CO2 is a harmful pollutant at higher concentrations due to its ability to displace oxygen in large concentrations. Current commercial sensors for CO2 have issues and shortcomings particular "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-293", "TOP2-293", "Calculation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads Using Fast-Response Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP)", "instrumentation", "ARC", "Many important physical problems in aero-sciences involve unsteady, separated flows. The ability to measure and compute these flows has been a persistent challenge. Unsteady aerodynamics leads to unsteady loads which ultimately decrease system performance and shortens the system lifetime. Currently,"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-294", "TOP2-294", "Space Traffic Management (STM) Architecture", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Space is becoming increasingly congested due to rising numbers of on-orbit satellites and debris objects. Despite growing awareness of the orbital debris problem, recent developments such as launch ride sharing, growth in availability of small launch vehicles, and particularly large scale satellite "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-295", "TOP2-295", "Completely biodegradable filtration system for waste metal recovery from aqueous solution", "environment", "ARC", "Rapid socio-economic development and technological advancement has made the hazardous chemical components of end-of-life electronics waste (e-waste) an imminent challenge. Conventional extraction methods rely on energy-intensive processes and are inefficient when applied to recycling e-waste or wast"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-297", "TOP2-297", "Anti-Phase Noise Suppression Rotor Technologies", "aerospace", "ARC", "All rotorcraft experience rotor noise and vibration that present operational challenges due to the unsteady forces that result from blade vortex shedding. Rotor noise is often a nuisance, and excessive rotor vibration can be hazardous. Several methods exist to deal with the noise and vibration from "], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-299", "TOP2-299", "Modular Artificial-Gravity Orbital Refinery Spacecraft", "manufacturing", "ARC", "The Modular Artificial-Gravity Orbital Refinery Spacecraft is a novel technology from NASA Ames Research Center for in-situ refining or recycling of materials in space, including mass from asteroids, Mars moons, orbiting \"space junk\" debris, and for in-situ creation of products from operations in lo"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-300", "TOP2-300", "Room temperature oxygen sensors", "sensors", "ARC", "Oxygen (O 2 ) sensors are used in a wide array of applications, including electronic fuel injection and emissions control in the automotive industry, for monitoring oxygen levels in controlled environments, such as in space craft or space suits, for oxygen monitoring in medical and pharmaceutical ap"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-301", "TOP2-301", "Fully Automated High-Throughput Additive Manufacturing", "manufacturing", "ARC", "The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process uses a 3D printer to convert a filament into a three-dimensional manufactured object by melting the filament and depositing it in built-up layers to form the desired object, where the movement of the printing head is controlled by computer code. The automation"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-302", "TOP2-302", "Extractor for Chemical Analysis of Lipid Biomarkers in Regolith (ExCALiBR)", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "Lipids are organic molecules used by all life on Earth, primarily for building membranes that encompass cells. The analysis of lipid biomarkers has gained increasing importance within environmental and archaeological fields because biomarkers are representative of particular plant and animal sources"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-303", "TOP2-303", "Aerospace Vehicle Entry Flightpath Control", "aerospace", "ARC", "The state-of-the-art in hypersonic entry Guidance and Control (G&C) is traditionally based on rigid entry vehicles, like the Orion capsule, Space Shuttle, etc., that use a Reaction Control System (RCS) to control the bank angle of the vehicle. However, for future high mass missions to Mars, advancem"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-307", "TOP2-307", "Electrochemical Sensors Based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "health medicine and biotechnology", "ARC", "Biological assays are ever evolving to move towards lower limits of detection and improved sensitivity. Improvements in trace biological molecule detection can have significant impact in healthcare, food safety and environmental safety industries. Detection of trace biological molecules can be criti"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-309", "TOP2-309", "Microfluidics Pressure-Based Switching and Valving Array", "mechanical and fluid systems", "ARC", "Traditionally, laboratory operations in fields such as molecular biology and organic chemistry have required “humans in the loop,” a major inefficiency source and bottleneck for automation. Many lab-on-a-chip devices are designed to perform specific tasks, and do not offer programmable movement of m"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-310", "TOP2-310", "Reversible Androgynous Mechanical Fastener", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Researchers at NASA Ames Research Center have developed an androgynous fastener with high misalignment tolerance characteristics, which is suitable for robotic actuation. This fastener was developed in conjunction with a high-performance building-block structural system that can be robotically assem"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-311", "TOP2-311", "Spacecraft with Artificial Gravity Modules", "aerospace", "ARC", "Space travel is becoming increasingly accessible in recent years with the advancement of private space programs as well as NASA space programs such as the Mars Exploration Program. For both space tourism and space exploration, there is an interest in generating artificial gravity in space for entert"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-314", "TOP2-314", "Centralized Data Management Platform", "information technology and software", "ARC", "Many organizations have data stored in differing formats and various locations throughout the organization and often outside the organization. It is often difficult to access such data and to determine and access interconnected data and data derivatives. Developed at NASA Ames Research Center is a n"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-315", "TOP2-315", "Method for discrete assembly of Cuboctahedron Lattice Materials", "robotics automation and control", "ARC", "Aeronautical and aerospace applications require strong and stiff lightweight materials and structures. The invention relates to a construction system for mechanical metamaterials based on discrete assembly of a finite set of types of parts, which can be assembled in varying orders to produce spatial"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-317", "TOP2-317", "Highly secure all-printed Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) electronic device based on a nanomaterial network", "electrical and electronics", "ARC", "Assets are traditionally secured so important information can only be accessed when a key is placed in a lock (physical or electronic). Given the tremendous increase in the number of devices in the era of Internet of Things (IoT), direct access between things without human intervention is ideal. IoT"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-327", "TOP2-327", "Aerodynamic Framework for Parachute Deployment from Aerial Vehicle", "aerospace", "ARC", "Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, conceptualized to be used as air taxis for transporting cargo or passengers, are not traditionally designed to glide to a safe landing following propulsion failure. As these aircraft may operate either in populated areas or with passengers onb"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-328", "TOP2-328", "Systems and methods employing nanomaterial sensors for detecting conditions impacting a Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) profile in breath", "sensors", "ARC", "NASA Ames had previously developed a nanosensor array that uses a sample of patient breath for medical diagnosis. (See TOP2-169.) However, the specific materials that can be used had not been previously identified. NASA Ames has made further developments to enhance the capabilities of the technology"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-329", "TOP2-329", "Elastic Shape Morphing of Ultra-Light Structures by Programmable Assembly", "aerospace", "ARC", "Aerostructure parts made from ultra-light materials, such as a lattice covered by a skin, present an opportunity to dramatically increase the efficiency of load bearing aerostructures. NASA Ames Research Center has been developing lighter-than-air vehicle and structure concepts using octahedral unit"], ["patent_issued", "TOP2-334", "TOP2-334", "Lateral Flow Thin Layer Chromatography (LF TLC): Instrumentation to Enable In Situ Separation of Organics", "instrumentation", "ARC", "NASA Ames Research Center has developed a compact, lightweight thin layer chromatography (TLC) method to separate complex mixtures and enhance molecular characterization on thin films. Building on the patented ExCALiBR instrument for extracting trace organics from regolith, Ames researchers created "], ["patent_issued", "TOP8-95", "TOP8-95", "Ultrasonic Stir Welding", "manufacturing", "MSFC", "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) developed Ultrasonic Stir Welding (USW) to join large pieces of very high-strength metals such as titanium and Inconel. USW, a solid-state weld process, improves current thermal stir welding processes by adding high-power ultrasonic (HPU) energy at 20 kHz fre"], ["software", "ARC-12112-1", "ARC-12112-1", "ARC2D (Efficient Two-Dimensional Solution Methods For The Navier-Stokes Equations)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "ARC2D is a computational fluid dynamics program developed at the NASA Ames Research Center specifically for two-dimensional airfoil and simply connected geometries. The program uses implicit finite-difference techniques to solve two-dimensional Euler equations and Navier-Stokes equations. It is base"], ["software", "ARC-14020-1", "ARC-14020-1", "Incompressible Navier-Stokes CFD Solver (INS3D)", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "The INS3D code solves the incompressible Naiver-Stokes equations in three-dimensional generalized coordinates for both steady-state and time varying flow. The equations are formulated using the method of artificial compressibility. The convective terms are differenced using an upwind biased flux-dif"], ["software", "ARC-14275-1", "ARC-14275-1", "Automated Triangle Geometry Processing for Surface Modeling and Cartesian Grid Generation (Cart3D)", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Cart3D is a high-fidelity inviscid analysis package for conceptual and preliminary aerodynamic design. It allows users to perform automated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on complex geometry. The package includes utilities for geometry import, surface modeling and intersection, mesh gen"], ["software", "ARC-14293-1", "ARC-14293-1", "JavaGenes Genetic Graphs", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "JavaGenes is a genetic algorithm code written in Java. It evolves graphs using genetic software techniques and has applications in designing drugs, circuits, or any other system that is easily represented by graphs."], ["software", "ARC-14400-1", "ARC-14400-1", "PLOT3D, Version 4.1", "aeronautics", "ARC", "PLOT3D is a computer graphics program designed to visualize the grid and solutions of structured computational fluid dynamics (CFD) datasets. Version 4.1 uses the OpenGL/GLUT graphics library. Several new features have been added to the code. These include: automatic computation of grid coordinate m"], ["software", "ARC-14407-1", "ARC-14407-1", "Low-Order Potential Flow Panel Code (PMARC), Version 14", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "PMARC is a three-dimensional panel code to solve potential flow around wings and bodies. Relative motion between multiple bodies can be simulated"], ["software", "ARC-14467-1A", "ARC-14467-1A", "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Utility Software Library", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "A collection of utility programs and reusable subroutine libraries supports computational fluid dynamics, particularly on multiblock structured grids. The technology is applicable to all flight regimes-subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic."], ["software", "ARC-14467-1B", "ARC-14467-1B", "CFD Utility Software Library", "aeronautics", "ARC", "A collection of ~200 software applications build upon two dozen subroutine libraries, mostly for manipulating the grids and flow solutions associated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These application programs, Fortran 90 modules, and library subroutines are generalized as far as possible wi"], ["software", "ARC-14487-1", "ARC-14487-1", "CAPTools-based Automatic Parallelizer Using OpenMP (CAPO)", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "CAPO analyzes a Fortran program and inserts OpenMP directives into the code to improve its performance on a parallel machine. The tool relies on accurate inter-procedural data-dependence information currently provided by CAPTools, which was developed at the University of Greenwich."], ["software", "ARC-14529-1", "ARC-14529-1", "IND 2.1-Creation and Manipulation of Decision Trees from Data", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Decision trees are commonly used in artificial intelligence and statistical pattern recognition. A tree is \"grown\" from data using a recursive-partitioning algorithm. IND re-implements parts of existing standard prediction algorithms, offers experimental control suites, and also introduces new, more"], ["software", "ARC-14672-1", "ARC-14672-1", "CODE-A Software Framework For Control and Observation In Distributed Environments", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "CODE is a framework for the control and observation of resources, services, and applications. The technology supports the secure and scalable transmission of observed information to other programs, and it enables the secure execution of actions on remote computer systems."], ["software", "ARC-14710-1", "ARC-14710-1", "Elimination of Parameter Input Requirement for Elliptic Grid Generation Methods in Engineering", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This software implements an enhanced method of elliptic grid generation."], ["software", "ARC-14932-1", "ARC-14932-1", "Mission Simulation Toolkit (MST)", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "MST offers a simulation framework to support research in autonomy for remote exploration. The system allows developers to test models in a high-fidelity simulation and then evaluate system performance against a set of integrated, standardized simulations."], ["software", "ARC-14991-1", "ARC-14991-1", "Sound Lab (SLAB), Version 5", "system testing", "ARC", "SLAB is a software-based, real-time, virtual acoustic-environment rendering system designed to study spatial hearing in environments such as concert halls, listening rooms, virtual reality, aviation spatial information displays, and video game sound effects."], ["software", "ARC-15016-1A", "ARC-15016-1A", "TPSSizer (aka TPSSZR) - Vehicle TPS sizing program using FIAT", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "TPSSizer is a Thermal Protection System (TPS) sizing tool developed at ARC for use in conceptual level through detailed design level analysis. TPS sizing methodologies and data exchange interfaces with supporting disciplines were developed for TPSSizer. Additionally, the tool introduced improvement "], ["software", "ARC-15058-1A", "ARC-15058-1A", "Inductive Monitoring System (IMS), Version 5: System Health Monitoring Software That Learns System Behavior from Data", "data and image processing", "ARC", "IMS software utilizes techniques from the fields of model-based reasoning, machine learning, and data mining to build system monitoring knowledge bases from archived or simulated sensor data. The technology automatically analyzes the nominal system data to form general classes of expected system sen"], ["software", "ARC-15068-1", "ARC-15068-1", "Airspace Concepts Evaluation System (ACES)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "From gate departure to gate arrival, ACES is a dynamic, event-based computer simulation of aircraft operations in the National Airspace System (NAS). The technology's software-agent infrastructure provides flexibility in configuring custom simulations and enables explicit modeling of command and con"], ["software", "ARC-15103-1", "ARC-15103-1", "JavaGenes-Scheduler: Evolutionary Software for Earth Observing Satellite Scheduling", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "JavaGenes-Scheduler is a general purpose evolutionary system designed to compare techniques for scheduling observations. It was originally developed for scheduling observations made by Earth-observing satellites. JavaGenes-Scheduler uses a simple, earliest-first scheduler to insert observations into"], ["software", "ARC-15117-1A", "ARC-15117-1A", "Pegasus 5.2: Software For Automated Pre-Processing of Overset CFD Grids", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Pegasus software is used as a pre-processor for overset-grid Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. It provides the hole-cutting and connectivity information between structured overset grids. The main features of the software include automated hole-cutting algorithms, a projection schem"], ["software", "ARC-15150-1A", "ARC-15150-1A", "NASA Task Load Index (TLX) iOS", "crew and life support", "ARC", "The NASA Task Load Index (TLX) provides multi-dimensional ratings of overall workload based on a weighted average of six subscales: mental demands, physical demands, temporal demands, performance, effort, and frustration.NASA TLX iOS is a full computational version of its predecessor Windows NT, and"], ["software", "ARC-15166-1D", "ARC-15166-1D", "Web WorldWind 3D Virtual Globe, v0.10", "data and image processing", "ARC", "NASA World Wind is virtual globe technology provided as an Application Programming Interface-Centeric (API-Centric) Software Development Kit (SDK). It is elemental technology allowing others to see \"their\" spatial data in the native context of Earth or any other planet for which there is data. Any a"], ["software", "ARC-15166-1E", "ARC-15166-1E", "NASA World Wind Java (WWJ) Software Development Kit (SDK) Version 2.2", "aeronautics", "ARC", "WorldWind is a free, open source software development kit (SDK) for assisting developers in the creation of geographical information systems (GISs). Aside from educational examples and tutorials, the WorldWind SDK does not provide finished applications. The WorldWind SDK is used by software engineer"], ["software", "ARC-15193-1", "ARC-15193-1", "Geometry Manipulation Protocol (GMP) for ComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) Applications, Version 1.0", "data and image processing", "ARC", "GMP serializes datatypes between XML and ANSI C data structures to support CFD applications. The library currently provides a description of geometric configurations, general moving-body scenarios (prescribed and/or 6-DOF), and control surface settings."], ["software", "ARC-15250-1", "ARC-15250-1", "Upwind Parabolized Navier-Stokes Solver (UPS) for Supersonic and Hypersonic Flow Simulation, Version 6.1", "aeronautics", "ARC", "This software provides a means for simulating supersonic and hypersonic flows efficiently and accurately (under certain restrictions). The parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) equations are solved using an upwind finite-volume algorithm that is implicit in the marching direction. The solver includes mode"], ["software", "ARC-15256-1D", "ARC-15256-1D", "Open Mission Control Technologies (Open MCT)", "operations", "ARC", "Open MCT is an open source and web-based mission control framework for visualization of data on desktop and mobile devices. Open MCT is designed for analysis, visualization, operation, and support of spacecraft missions. Open MCT provides an extensible plugin system allowing it to be integrated with"], ["software", "ARC-15262-1B", "ARC-15262-1B", "NEQAIR v15.x, Nonequilibrium Radiative Transport and Spectra Program", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "NEQAIR is NASAs most long standing radiative heating code for flight predictions and simulating experiments. It is a line-by-line radiation code that computes spontaneous emission, absorption and stimulated emission due to transitions between various energy states of chemical species along a line-of"], ["software", "ARC-15295-1", "ARC-15295-1", "Surfer: An Extensible Pull-Based Framework For Resource Selection and Ranking", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Surfer examines the pool of potential grid resources and extracts the highest-ranking resources that meet user-specified constraints and preferences. The technology has been implemented as a grid service that is compliant with an Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI), and it can also be embedded "], ["software", "ARC-15310-1", "ARC-15310-1", "Perilog, Version 3.0", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Perilog software capabilities include keyword-in-context search, flexible phrase search, search by example, phrase generation, and phrase extraction. The technology's keyword-in-context search feature retrieves documents that contain one or more user-specified keywords in context, ranks documents on"], ["software", "ARC-15468-1", "ARC-15468-1", "Pour: A Framework for Periodic, On-Demand, and User-Specified Information Reconciliation", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Pour is a general-purpose information service framework for periodic, on-demand, and user-specified information reconciliation. The technology is designed to accommodate a wide variety of information types with support for high-volume, low-frequency periodic updates, user-specified updates, and auto"], ["software", "ARC-15469-1", "ARC-15469-1", "Swim: A Software Information Metacatalog for the Grid", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Swim is a software information service for the grid built on top of the NASA-developed Pour framework. Software information is periodically gathered from native package managers on FreeBSD, Solaris, and IRIX as well as the RPM, Perl, and Python package managers on multiple platforms."], ["software", "ARC-15570-1A", "ARC-15570-1A", "Model-Based Diagnosis Engine For Stochastic Hybrid Systems (HyDE)", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "HyDE is a model-based diagnostic engine capable of detecting and isolating discrete (possibly multiple) faults in physical systems. The current version of HyDE has been implemented in C++. Please visit the following URL for more information: https://ti.arc.nasa.gov/m/project/hyde/HyDE_Summary.pdf"], ["software", "ARC-15601-1", "ARC-15601-1", "Finite-Rate Chemistry, Overset-Grid, Dual-Time Combustion-Reentry Code", "aeronautics", "ARC", "This technology modifies the OVERFLOW code for finite rate and equilibrium chemistry by substituting the perfect gas model built into the code with a model assuming a gas made up of a mixture of thermally perfect gases. Four extra field variables were added, corresponding to pressure, temperature, c"], ["software", "ARC-15654-1", "ARC-15654-1", "Brahms: A Multiagent Simulation/Execution Environment for the Brahms Multiagent Language", "business systems and project management", "ARC", "Brahms is a multiagent programming language for modeling people and systems in a conceptual world. Brahms language gives users the ability to model the behavior of human organization, communication,and teamwork, as well as human-machine interaction."], ["software", "ARC-15690-1", "ARC-15690-1", "Growler", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Growler is a component-oriented framework aimed at distributed and collaborative visualization and computational steering. The technology's distributed object and event architecture is suitable for application to high-performance local area network (LAN) environments as well the Internet. Its featur"], ["software", "ARC-15722-1A", "ARC-15722-1A", "NETMARK 3.0", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "NETMARK 3.0 is an updated version of the NETMARK technology. NETMARK 3.0 utilizes the same API as the previous versions but with a rebuilt backend system utilizing NoSQL database technology. NETMARK 3.0 also introduces JSON output, in addition to the previously available XML output."], ["software", "ARC-15722-1A--software", "ARC-15722-1A", "NETMARK 3.0", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "NETMARK 3.0 is an updated version of the NETMARK technology . NETMARK 3.0 utilizes the same API as the previous versions but with a rebuilt backend system utilizing NoSQL database technology . NETMARK 3.0 also introduces JSON output, in addition to the previously available XML output."], ["software", "ARC-15761-1A", "ARC-15761-1A", "NASA Vision Workbench (VW), Version 3", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Vision Workbench (VW) is a modular, extensible computer vision framework that supports a range of tasks, including automated science and engineering analysis, large satellite image processing, and 2D/3D environment reconstruction. The framework provides a rapid C development environment as well as a"], ["software", "ARC-15771-1", "ARC-15771-1", "NodeMon-A Visualization Tool For Monitoring System Resource Utilization", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "NodeMon allows distributed resource monitoring via a growler software infrastructure. The tool is tailored to the Altix architecture but is applicable to any Linux system. Individual modules will monitor CPU, memory, and numalink activity. NodeMon will compose large amounts of statistical informatio"], ["software", "ARC-15779-1A", "ARC-15779-1A", "Fully Implicit Ablation and Thermal Analysis Program, Version 3 (FIAT v3) - unrestricted version", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "FIAT v3 simulates one-dimensional thermal energy transport in a multilayer stack of isotropic materials and structures that can ablate from the front surface and decompose in depth. The implicit solution algorithm and general solution technique make the program very stable and robust for application"], ["software", "ARC-15795-1B", "ARC-15795-1B", "Open Scheduling and Planning Interface for Exploration (OpenSPIFe)", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "The Open Scheduling and Planning Interface for Exploration (OpenSPIFe) is an integrated planning and scheduling toolkit based on hundreds of hours of expert observation, use, and refinement of state-of-the-art planning and scheduling technology for several applications within NASA. It was designed f"], ["software", "ARC-15804-1A", "ARC-15804-1A", "BALFIT - A Multivariate Regression Analysis Tool", "data and image processing", "ARC", "BALFIT is designed for the automated regression analysis of wind tunnel strain-gage balance calibration data. Related strain-gage balance data analysis tasks are also supported. In addition, BALFIT performs an automated regression analysis of more general multivariate data sets at a basic level."], ["software", "ARC-15819-1", "ARC-15819-1", "Configuration-Based Aerodynamics (CBAero)", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "CBAero is a software tool for the prediction of the conceptual aero-thermodynamic environments of aerospace configurations. The vehicle geometry is defined using unstructured, triangulated surface meshes. For subsonic Mach numbers a fast, unstructured, multi-pole panel code is coupled with a streaml"], ["software", "ARC-15857-1", "ARC-15857-1", "Mesh: Lightweight Grid Middleware Using Existing SSH Infrastructure", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Mesh is a lightweight grid middleware that is based on the addition of a single sign-on capability to the built-in public key authentication mechanism of SSH using system call interposition. The initial Mesh implementation is compatible with approximately 90% of the world's SSH servers and any SSH c"], ["software", "ARC-15936-1", "ARC-15936-1", "Extendable Uniform Remote Operations Planning Architecture (EUROPA) 2.1", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "EUROPA is a general-purpose, reusable, artificial intelligence software system. The tool generates plans for performing complex activities in parallel. Functionality includes the capability of verifying that a plan satisfies all constraints."], ["software", "ARC-16019-1", "ARC-16019-1", "Viewpoints: Software for Visualization of Multivariate Data", "data and image processing", "ARC", "A software application that allows the interactive visualization of multivariate data using a variety of standard techniques, Viewpoints can be used with extremely large data sets."], ["software", "ARC-16021-1B", "ARC-16021-1B", "Data Parallel Line Relaxation Code (DPLR), Version 4.05", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "The DPLR software package is a suite of CFD tools for the computation of supersonic and hypersonic flows in chemical and thermal nonequilibrium. Included in the package are 2D/axisymmetric and 3D structured grid finite volume Navier-Stokes codes, a pre-processor, and a post-processor. The code suppo"], ["software", "ARC-16025-1C", "ARC-16025-1C", "Chimera Grid Tools version 3.0", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Chimera Grid Tools (CGT) software package is used for performing pre- and post-processing of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on complex configurations using overset grids. It contains a collection of software tools for performing geometry processing, surface and volume grid generatio"], ["software", "ARC-16033-1", "ARC-16033-1", "Constellation PRACA Extension of the Bugzilla Application", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The Constellation PRACA I-1 system is a modified version of an open-source, Web-based defect tracking tool called Bugzilla. Bugzilla allows software developers to document and track outstanding bugs in their products; in the Constellation PRACA I-1 system, these core capabilities have been extended "], ["software", "ARC-16053-1", "ARC-16053-1", "SequenceMiner-Anomaly Detection in Large Sets of High-Dimensional Symbol Sequences", "data and image processing", "ARC", "SequenceMiner was developed to address the problem of detecting and describing anomalies in large sets of high-dimensional symbol sequences. The technology performs unsupervised clustering (grouping) of sequences using the normalized longest common subsequence (LCS) as a similarity measure, followed"], ["software", "ARC-16063-1A", "ARC-16063-1A", "Traffic Situation Display (TSD)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Traffic Situation Display (TSD) is an integrated display of air traffic, weather, terrain, and special use airspace. TSD was designed to serve as a primary graphical interface for ground operators/dispatchers supporting research simulation of single pilot and/or reduced crew operations. One key "], ["software", "ARC-16070-1", "ARC-16070-1", "Mariana: Text Classification System", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Mariana is an algorithm that efficiently optimizes the hyperparameters for support vector machines for regression and classification. It currently uses simulated annealing for optimization but can be extended to use a variety of stochastic optimization techniques, including Markov Chain Monte Carlo,"], ["software", "ARC-16088-1A", "ARC-16088-1A", "GeoCam, Version 2", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "GeoCam is a geospatial system for disaster response that consists of (1) low-cost consumer hardware (i.e., a digital camera or cell phone, position/orientation sensors, and an optional embedded controller) and (2) a Web-based workflow that enables images and other geo-referenced data to be shared an"], ["software", "ARC-16119-1B", "ARC-16119-1B", "Netmark eXtensible DataBase, Data Access and Retrieval Composition (XDB3-DARC)", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "This innovation will query using a suite of operators in the Netmark/XDB query language to retrieve elements based on the absolute value of tags in the XML source. In an earlier version of the software, element retrieval was based solely on \"full-text\" term searches of the tags and their values."], ["software", "ARC-16186-1", "ARC-16186-1", "Savors: A Scalable Aural-Visual Environment for Security Event Monitoring, Analysis, And Response", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Savors is a tool for security event monitoring, analysis, and response. The technology scales to real-world environments and uses high-end computing resources on-demand to compile behavior profiles that point to anomalous behavior. Auralization allows both monitoring and analysis to be performed in "], ["software", "ARC-16197-1A", "ARC-16197-1A", "Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) Biogeochemical cycle (BGC) model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "The Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) is a modeling software that integrates data from satellites, weather stations, climate models with ecosystem models to produce nowcasts and forecasts of ecological conditions. The key tools used in producing the nowcasts and forecasts are simu"], ["software", "ARC-16260-1", "ARC-16260-1", "SUPKEM", "aeronautics", "ARC", "SUMKEM is fully implicit, parabolic, partial-differential equation solver that can be used for the integration of unsteady 3D turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation-rate equations. The technology enables any laminar computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver to compute a given unsteady turbulent f"], ["software", "ARC-16265-1", "ARC-16265-1", "NASA Design and Analysis of Rotorcraft (NDARC)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "NDARC software is an aircraft system analysis tool that supports both conceptual design efforts and technology impact assessments of rotorcraft that meet specified requirements. The architecture of the NDARC code accommodates configuration flexibility, a hierarchy of models, and ultimately multidisc"], ["software", "ARC-16276-1", "ARC-16276-1", "AutoBayes: Automatic Design of Customized Analysis Algorithms and Programs", "data and image processing", "ARC", "AutoBayes uses extended Bayesian networks, a powerful symbolic system, and algorithm schemas to automatically generate efficient and customized programs for data analysis. It generates a standardized design document containing a graphical representation of the Bayesian network and of the details reg"], ["software", "ARC-16295-1A", "ARC-16295-1A", "Portable Environment for Quick Image Processing (QuIP)", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The QuIP interpreter, a software environment for QUick image processing, uses an interactive scripting language designed to facilitate use by non-expert users, through features such as context-sensitive automatic response completion and integrated documentation. The package includes a number of scri"], ["software", "ARC-16325-1A", "ARC-16325-1A", "NASA App", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The NASA App delivers near-real-time NASA content to phones and tablets. The technology features missions, images, videos, tweets, a live stream of NASA TV, and news topics. The app can be downloaded at: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/iphone"], ["software", "ARC-16332-1A", "ARC-16332-1A", "Kepler Science Data Processing Pipeline", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The Data Processing Pipeline is a central element of the Kepler Ground Data System. The Science Processing Pipeline is used to analyze stellar photometric data from the Kepler spacecraft and report results to search for planets within the Kepler photometric dataset. The software data release is to a"], ["software", "ARC-16332-1B", "ARC-16332-1B", "Ziggy, a Pipeline Management System for Data Analysis Pipelines", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Ziggy is a software tool that manages complex data analysis pipelines for science missions. It provides marshaling and persisting services for each algorithm step, sequencing for algorithm steps, monitoring, logging, resource management, and exception handling for all stages of data processing. Zigg"], ["software", "ARC-16341-1A", "ARC-16341-1A", "Neo-Geography Toolkit (NGT), Version 2", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "NGT is a collection of automated processing tools that can transform raw geospatial raster data from remote sensing instruments into useful cartographic products, including visible image base maps and topographic models."], ["software", "ARC-16345-1", "ARC-16345-1", "Highly Scalable Matching Pursuit Signal Decomposition Algorithm (MPD)", "data and image processing", "ARC", "MPD is a powerful and effective iterative algorithm for signal decomposition and feature extraction. The technology decomposes any signal into linear combinations of its dictionary elements, or \"atoms.\""], ["software", "ARC-16346-1", "ARC-16346-1", "nu-Anomica (Previously Sparse One Class Support Vector Machines (SOC-SVMs))", "data and image processing", "ARC", "nu-Anomica is an anomaly detector that can run faster than traditional OC-SVMs. The technology can handle large training sets and works with a well-defined target function. The program utilizes the OSU SVMs code (which is a MATLAB version of Lib-SVMs) as the baseline."], ["software", "ARC-16368-1A", "ARC-16368-1A", "Robot Application Programming Interface Delegate (RAPID), Version 2", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "RAPID is a software reference implementation framework for remote operations. The technology promotes interoperability between robot software modules and includes a standard programming interface and data distribution middleware. RAPID facilitates integration of experimental robot software modules c"], ["software", "ARC-16432-1", "ARC-16432-1", "Parallel Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition", "aeronautics", "ARC", "This implementation of the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is built upon the GNU Linear Programming Kit. The technology provides a command-line tool for solving properly decomposed linear programs."], ["software", "ARC-16433-1", "ARC-16433-1", "Trajectory-Based Route Analysis and Control (TRAC)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "TRAC is an extensible software platform that supports next-generation air traffic concept investigations. The software enables visualization of current-day airspace elements; graphical creation of new elements; and runway-to-runway agent-based simulation and analysis of air traffic concepts."], ["software", "ARC-16443-1", "ARC-16443-1", "Ballast: Balancing Load Across Systems", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Ballast is a tool for balancing user load across Secure Shell Handler (SSH) servers. The system includes a load-balancing client, a lightweight data server, scripts for collecting system load, and scripts for analyzing user behavior. Because Ballast is invoked as part of the SSH login process, it ha"], ["software", "ARC-16444-1", "ARC-16444-1", "Dyper: Dynamic Perimeter Enforcement", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Dyper protects a site from unauthorized network flows. The tool offers dynamic perimeter enforcement by providing a general-purpose mechanism for maintaining least-privilege network security policies while still supporting the full utilization of multiport protocols. Dyper requires no changes to sof"], ["software", "ARC-16445-1", "ARC-16445-1", "Synchronization, Archival, Validation, and IP Exchange (Save)", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Save is a high-availability framework that manages IP addresses shared between multiple servers. It also monitors the health of those servers to determine which one should be actively servicing requests at any given time. Synchronization mechanisms allow configuration files to be kept consistent bet"], ["software", "ARC-16452-1", "ARC-16452-1", "Multivariate Time Series Search Capability to Identify Complex Patterns in Large Datasets", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This software allows the user to specify a time series over multiple variables to search within massive datasets. The tool will return a listing of events (a time series) from the database that spans multiple variables and is within a threshold distance from the query. Experiments on numerous real a"], ["software", "ARC-16457-1A", "ARC-16457-1A", "Visual Environment for Remote Virtual Exploration (VERVE), Version 2", "data and image processing", "ARC", "VERVE is a 3D visualization system that provides situational awareness, science analysis tools, and data understanding capabilities for robotics researchers and exploration science operations. The technology is highly modular and extensible and includes a 3D scene-graph database, an interactive 3D v"], ["software", "ARC-16462-1", "ARC-16462-1", "Multiple Kernel Anomaly Detection (MKAD) Algorithm", "system testing", "ARC", "In offline mode, MKAD performs automated anomaly detection on large heterogeneous data sets that contain both discrete symbols and continuous data streams."], ["software", "ARC-16494-1", "ARC-16494-1", "Multi-threaded Copy Program (MCP)", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "MCP is a high-performance file copy utility that achieves performance gains through parallelization. Multiple files and parts of single files are processed in parallel using multiple threads on multiple processors. The program employs the OpenMP and MPI programming models."], ["software", "ARC-16561-1", "ARC-16561-1", "Optimal Alarm System Design and Implementation", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "The innovation described herein is an alarm system that can robustly predict a level-crossing event that is specified over a fixed prediction horizon. Given a specific modeling paradigm that can be learned using appropriate data-driven or machine learning techniques, an optimal alarm system can be d"], ["software", "ARC-16661-1", "ARC-16661-1", "Video Acuity Measurement System", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Video systems are widely used in public safety and security applications, such as police, fire, emergency medical, commerce, and homeland security. There is an urgent need for a metric to quantify performance of video systems. The metric called video acuity, which is defined as the smallest letters,"], ["software", "ARC-16680-1A", "ARC-16680-1A", "Porous material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFoam (PATO)", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "The Porous material Analysis Toolbox (PATO) is a modular analysis platform for multiphase porous reactive materials. It can be run as a simple Fourier heat transfer code or include more advanced features as internal decomposition (pyrolysis, vaporization), gas-gas and gas-solid chemical interactions"], ["software", "ARC-16680-1C", "ARC-16680-1C", "Porous material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFOAM (PATO)", "materials and processes", "ARC", "PATO (Porous material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFOAM) is a modular research and development platform for multiphase porous reactive materials submitted to high-temperature environments or other unusual conditions. It can be run as a simple Fourier heat transfer code or include more advanced feat"], ["software", "ARC-16721-1", "ARC-16721-1", "Autonomous eXplorer Control System (AXCS)", "operations", "ARC", "AXCS enables smartphones and other mobile devices to be utilized as a ground-based test bed for operations in extreme environments. For NASA, the technology is currently being used to evaluate hardware for balloon launches. The software's tool kits provide environmental and situational measurements,"], ["software", "ARC-16764-1", "ARC-16764-1", "Network-Form Game Software Library (libnfg)", "crew and life support", "ARC", "The libnfg software library describes how humans interact with their environment and with other humans. The tool provides a Monte Carlo analysis of user-specified \"network-form games,\" which are flexible modeling methodologies that combine Bayes nets and game theory to model complex systems."], ["software", "ARC-16778-1", "ARC-16778-1", "NetworKing: Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) App", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "The NetworKing Game is an educational, interactive 3D game in which the player develops a space communication network. As he builds his network infrastructure, client spacecraft are attracted to the network, generating income and allowing the player to build further. As the player expands his robust"], ["software", "ARC-16779-1", "ARC-16779-1", "Station Spacewalk Game App", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "This video game features simulations of Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) conducted by NASA astronauts on missions to the International Space Station."], ["software", "ARC-16789-1", "ARC-16789-1", "Inference Kernel for Open Static (IKOS) Analyzers: A High-Performance Static Analysis Engine to Build Automated Code Analysis Tools for the Formal Verification of Critical Software Properties", "data and image processing", "ARC", "IKOS is a kernel for the construction of open-static analyzers based on Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot's theory of abstract interpretation, which states that computations can be abstracted and reduced to a generalized set of objects and still exhibit the same critical properties of the parent prog"], ["software", "ARC-16805-1", "ARC-16805-1", "Kepler Community Data Analysis Tools", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "The Kepler archive contains time-series data calibrated and reduced from detector pixels. The pipelined reduction includes the removal of time-series trends systematic to a spacecraft and its environment."], ["software", "ARC-16808-1A", "ARC-16808-1A", "Surface Operations Simulator and Scheduler (SOSS)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "A simulation of air traffic movement on an airport surface, SOSS can be used in developing, analyzing, and testing runway schedulers and resolution algorithms."], ["software", "ARC-16827-1", "ARC-16827-1", "StormGen Weather Editor", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The StormGen interactive editor facilitates the design and production of dynamic convective weather scenarios. The software exports weather data in formats compatible with widely used air- and ground-tool simulators."], ["software", "ARC-16839-1", "ARC-16839-1", "ACCEPT (Adverse Condition & Critical Event Prediction Toolbox)", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This MATLAB-based source code consists of an overall software infrastructure framework and two main software components. The software infrastructure framework consists of code written to pre-process data, pass information between the two main software components, learn models that will be shared by "], ["software", "ARC-16853-1", "ARC-16853-1", "Sector 33 App", "aeronautics", "ARC", "Offering a single user interface, Sector 33 is an air traffic control simulator game for Apple and Droid mobile devices. The technology includes introductory videos, an interactive air traffic control simulation of up to five airplanes; problem scoring; and integrated solution hints. The game can be"], ["software", "ARC-16864-1", "ARC-16864-1", "Scalable Gaussian Process Regression", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Block GP is a Gaussian Process regression framework for multimodal data, that can be an order of magnitude more scalable than existing state-of-the-art nonlinear regression algorithms. The framework builds local Gaussian Processes on semantically meaningful partitions of the data and provides higher"], ["software", "ARC-16873-1", "ARC-16873-1", "Retools: Restriping Tools for Lustre", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Retools is a set of modifications to the commonly used open source utilities bzip2, gzip, rsync, and tar that automatically selects the stripe size for created and/or extracted files according to the sizes of the files involved."], ["software", "ARC-16940-1", "ARC-16940-1", "Shift: Self-Healing Independent File Transfer", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Shift is a lightweight framework for high performance local and remote file transfers that provides resiliency across a wide variety of failure scenarios through various techniques. Shift can be downloaded from: http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~kolano/projects/shift.html"], ["software", "ARC-17046-1", "ARC-17046-1", "Physics-Model-Based Wiring Fault Detection Toolbox for MATLAB", "electronics and electrical power", "ARC", "Providing a toolbox of functionality for MATLAB, this NASA-developed software detects precursor wiring faults (e.g., chafing) in shielded impedance-controlled cabling using measurements from off-the-shelf, time-domain reflectometry or vector-network analyzer hardware. The technology combines high-fi"], ["software", "ARC-17093-1", "ARC-17093-1", "NASA Tensegrity Robotics Toolkit (NTRT) v1", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The NASA Tensegrity Robotics Toolkit (NTRT) is a collection of C++ and MATLAB software modules for the modeling, simulation, and control of Tensegrity Robots. Tensegrity Robots are a biologically inspired approach to building robots based on the tension networks of tensegrity structures, which have "], ["software", "ARC-17115-1A", "ARC-17115-1A", "Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot Induced Oscillations (CAPIO) through the estimation and minimization of phase lag introduced to the system due to control surface rate saturation", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot Induced Oscillations (CAPIO) system is designed to operate within an aircraft's flight control system to alleviate Pilot Induced Oscillation tendencies in an aircraft without adversely impacting aircraft efficiency. The main idea behind the conc"], ["software", "ARC-17174-1", "ARC-17174-1", "Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS) v1", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Software to support science operations, including tools for planning, monitoring, visualization, documentation, analysis, and search."], ["software", "ARC-17185-1", "ARC-17185-1", "X-Plane Communication Toolbox (XPC)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The X-Plane Connect Toolbox enables users to receive real-time information on one or more simulated vehicles state from the X-Plane flight simulator, and control vehicles running in the X-Plane simulation environment. The toolbox can be used to record simulated flight data, visualize flight profiles"], ["software", "ARC-17293-1", "ARC-17293-1", "PathDroid", "system testing", "ARC", "PathDroid is an extension of the open sourced Java Pathfinder (JPF) verification framework that supports checking binary Android applications for absence of software defects such as unhandled exceptions and deadlocks.PathDroid let users run such applications on development platforms, without the nee"], ["software", "ARC-17301-1", "ARC-17301-1", "JPF-NAS, an extension of Java Pathfinder that provides support for model checking distributed systems", "system testing", "ARC", "JPF-NAS is developed to provide support for model checking distributed applications. It relies on the multiprocess support included in Java Pathfinder (JPF) which provides basic functionality to verify the bytecode of distributed applications. JPF-NAS is implemented as a JPF extension which models i"], ["software", "ARC-17449-1", "ARC-17449-1", "MFSim - Multi-fidelity Simulation", "aeronautics", "ARC", "MFS (Multi-Fidelity Simulator) is a pluggable framework for creating an air traffic flow simulator at multiple levels of fidelity. The framework is designed to allow low-fidelity simulations of the entire US Airspace to be completed very quickly (on the order of seconds). The framework allows higher"], ["software", "ARC-17451-1", "ARC-17451-1", "Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) Augmentation for PyMDPToolbox", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "The software is a augmentation for PyMDPToolbox containing implementations of some new IRL algorithms."], ["software", "ARC-17472-1", "ARC-17472-1", "Crisis Mapping Toolkit (CMT) v1", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "The Crisis Mapping Toolkit (CMT) is a collection of tools for processing geospatial data (images, satellite data, etc.) into cartographic products that improve understanding of large-scale crises, such as natural disasters. The cartographic products produced by CMT include flood inundation maps, map"], ["software", "ARC-17487-1", "ARC-17487-1", "Java Pathfinder (JPF) core system", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Java Pathfinder core system (jpf-core), is a model checker for Java bytecode. The technology takes a binary Java program and executes it in a user configurable way to detect defects such as deadlocks and unhandled exceptions, providing significantly higher confidence in correct program behavior than"], ["software", "ARC-17529-1", "ARC-17529-1", "ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve Code Augmentation", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "This release extends existing open source software's capabilities and functionality by bookeeping more detailed information on internal data structures, as well as enhanced error and special condition checking. Additional performance criteria have also been included, such as computing the AUC (Area "], ["software", "ARC-17621-1", "ARC-17621-1", "VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) 2D Software", "crew and life support", "ARC", "VESGEN maps and quantifies key parameters in black/white images of vascular trees and networks that are important for astronaut and terrestrial pathologies such as inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetes and tumors."], ["software", "ARC-17644-1", "ARC-17644-1", "PSYCO: A Predicate-based Symbolic Compositional Reasoning environment", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "PSYCO: Predicate-based Symbolic Compositional Reasoning (PSYCO), is a software environment that generates precise Java component interfaces in an automated fashion. These interfaces are state machines that describe legal sequences of method invocations of a component. Guards on method parameters are"], ["software", "ARC-17647-1", "ARC-17647-1", "Desktop Exploration of Remote Terrain (DERT)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "Desktop Exploration of Remote Terrain (DERT) is a software tool for exploring large Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) in 3D. It aids in understanding topography and spatial relationships of terrain features, as well as performing simple analysis tasks relevant to the planetary science community."], ["software", "ARC-17735-1", "ARC-17735-1", "Prognostics Algorithm Library", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The Prognostics Algorithm Library is a suite of algorithms implemented in the MATLAB programming language for model-based prognostics (remaining life computation). It includes algorithms for state estimation and prediction, including uncertainty propagation. The algorithms take as inputs component m"], ["software", "ARC-17736-1", "ARC-17736-1", "Prognostics Model Library", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The Prognostics Model Library is a modeling framework focused on defining and building models for prognostics (computation of remaining useful life) of engineering systems, and provides a set of prognostics models for select components developed within this framework, suitable for use in prognostics"], ["software", "ARC-17748-1A", "ARC-17748-1A", "Generic Software Architecture for Prognostics (GSAP)", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The Generic Software Architecture for Prognostics (GSAP) is a generic, extendable, flexible, modular framework for applying prognostics technologies. GSAP manages top-level control, communications, logging, configuration, integration, and other general activities. A simple, standard interface is pro"], ["software", "ARC-17749-1", "ARC-17749-1", "RACE - Runtime for Airspace Concept Evaluation", "aeronautics", "ARC", "RACE is a software architecture and framework for configurable, highly concurrent and distributed message based systems. RACE can be used to rapidly build simulations that span several machines (including synchronized displays), interface existing hardware simulators and other live data feeds, and i"], ["software", "ARC-17793-1", "ARC-17793-1", "Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool (FACT)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool (FACT) is designed to assist airline dispatchers and others in managing winter weather events. It gathers all of the necessary weather, air traffic, airport and other information onto one screen. This can be used by airline dispatchers to manage the airline fl"], ["software", "ARC-17874-1", "ARC-17874-1", "MAV - Modeling, analysis and visualization of ATM concepts", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "A modeling and analysis framework that provides the ability to model humans, automation, the interactions between humans and between humans and automation for air traffic management and airspace design concepts."], ["software", "ARC-17898-1", "ARC-17898-1", "Metrics Library for Prognostics Performance Evaluation", "system testing", "ARC", "The Metrics Library for Prognostics Performance Evaluation is a suite of algorithms implemented in MATLAB for evaluating the performance of prognostics algorithms that predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of engineering systems. It includes alpha-lambda, beta metrics that compare the ground truth"], ["software", "ARC-17900-1", "ARC-17900-1", "Simulation of Cryogenic Tank with Temperature Stratification", "vehicle management space air ground", "ARC", "\"Simulation of Cryogenic Tank with Temperature Stratification\" is a MATLAB-based simulation of temperature stratification effects for cryogenic fluid in a tank. It is a reduced dynamical model describing temperature stratification effects driven by natural convection in a liquid hydrogen cryogenic t"], ["software", "ARC-17917-1", "ARC-17917-1", "SMS/SDSS STBO Data Fuser", "aeronautics", "ARC", "Develop a mechanism that combines multiple sources of air traffic, airline, and airport data that contain many overlapping or similar types of data and create a unified set of data that can be used for Surface Trajectory Based Operations (STBO) air traffic management systems."], ["software", "ARC-17920-1A", "ARC-17920-1A", "Porous Microstructure Analysis (PuMA)", "materials and processes", "ARC", "The Porous Microstructure Analysis (PuMA) software has been developed in order to compute effective material properties and perform material response simulations on digitized microstructures of porous media. PuMA is able to import digital three-dimensional images obtained from X-ray microtomography "], ["software", "ARC-17943-1", "ARC-17943-1", "GeoRef v1", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "GeoRef is a Web-based software application designed to increase the efficiency and precision in geo-locating photographs taken by astronauts from the International Space Station. GeoRef provides highly automated processes for: (1) calculating the latitude and longitude coordinates of the center poin"], ["software", "ARC-17979-1", "ARC-17979-1", "KeplerPORTs (Kepler Planet Occurrence Rate Tools)", "data and image processing", "ARC", "KeplerPORTS (Kepler Planet Occurrence Rate Tools ) is a software tool that illustrates the use of Kepler's planet occurrence rate data products by generating contour plots for s elected s ample files .NASA acknowledges the SETI Institutes primary role in authoring and producing the KeplerPORTs (Kepl"], ["software", "ARC-17980-1", "ARC-17980-1", "Plotting Program for Kepler Planet Detection Efficiency Products", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The Kepler Plotting Program was developed as an aid to understanding the publicly available data files that have been released by the Kepler project. This tool allows end users to reproduce plots used in project documentation, facilitates the user's scientific understanding and promotes the utilizat"], ["software", "ARC-17981-1", "ARC-17981-1", "Kepler Robovetter", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The Kepler mission observed approximately 200,000 stars for four years and identified over 34,000 transit-like events. The Kepler Robovetter translates the logic used to discriminate between \"likely planet candidates\" and \"false positives\" and automates the evaluation of large Kepler data sets which"], ["software", "ARC-17994-1", "ARC-17994-1", "Astrobee Robot Software (ARS) v1", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "Astrobee is a free-flying robot that is designed to operate as a payload inside the International Space Station (ISS). The Astrobee Robot Software (ARS) consists of the embedded (on-board) software and simulator. ARS operates on Astrobees three internal computers and uses the open-source Robot Opera"], ["software", "ARC-17994-1A", "ARC-17994-1A", "Astrobee Control Station", "operations", "ARC", "The Astrobee Control Station is an extension of the Visual Environment for Remote Virtual Exploration (VERVE) that has been customized to operate the Astrobee robot on the International Space Station (ISS). The Astrobee robot has two purposes: it is a remotely-operated mobile camera and survey instr"], ["software", "ARC-17994-1B", "ARC-17994-1B", "Astrobee Control Station Binary", "operations", "ARC", "The Astrobee Control Station is an extension of the Visual Environment for Remote Virtual Exploration (VERVE) that has been customized to operate the Astrobee robot on the International Space Station (ISS). The Astrobee robot has two purposes: it is a remotely-operated mobile camera and survey instr"], ["software", "ARC-18001-1", "ARC-18001-1", "Virtual ADAPT", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Virtual ADAPT is a MATLAB/Simulink simulation of the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT) located at NASA Ames Research Center. ADAPT is an electrical power system testbed that emulates the power distribution systems on spacecraft. It allows users to inject faults, in order to study "], ["software", "ARC-18051-1", "ARC-18051-1", "Autonomous Operating System - Diagnostic Reasoner", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "Diagnostic Reasoner (DR) is a research tool which uses a dependency matrix (D-matrix) approach to perform diagnosis on a target system. It is a app designed to run with NASA's Core Flight Software (cFS) system. DR uses a model-based approach to diagnosis, and will provide runtime fault detection and"], ["software", "ARC-18066-1", "ARC-18066-1", "FRET : Formal Requirements Elicitation Tool", "aeronautics", "ARC", "FRET is a framework for the elicitation, formalization and understanding of requirements. FRET allows its user to enter hierarchical system requirements in a structured natural language. Requirements written in this language are assigned unambiguous semantics. FRET supports its user in understanding"], ["software", "ARC-18082-1", "ARC-18082-1", "Random Variable Library", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The Random Variable Library is a C++ software library that provides a framework for uncertainty representation using probability distributions. The presence of uncertainty poses significant challenges for calculating predictions and decision-making, particularly in the context of operation of engine"], ["software", "ARC-18117-1", "ARC-18117-1", "Fep Extensible Proxy (FEP)", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The Fep Extensible Proxy (FEP) is a communication framework that provides abstract message conversion from multiple plug-in micro-services. FEP implements both a publish-subscribe and streaming data flow models to support real-time data visualization and validation as well as to facilitate post-proc"], ["software", "ARC-18132-1", "ARC-18132-1", "Wikimoji - the Internet of Management Things (IoMT)", "business systems and project management", "ARC", "Wikimoji - The Internet of Management Things (IoMT) are enhancements to the NASA ARC Context Based Configuration Management System (CBCMS) invention, Patent Grant US7672969 B1. IoMT fills the gap between the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the consumer Internet of Things (IoT), by covering "], ["software", "ARC-18153-1", "ARC-18153-1", "Light Gas Gun Performance Code (ONEDIM)", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Calculates the performance of a two-stage light gas gun from first stage powder burn through projectile exit from gun muzzle."], ["software", "ARC-18184-1", "ARC-18184-1", "RCOTOOLS - Rotorcraft Optimization Tools", "aeronautics", "ARC", "RCOTOOLS provides utilities and application wrappers for the conceptual design of rotorcraft using an optimization framework. It currently has application wrappers for NDARC (NASA Design and Analysis of RotorCraft), CAMRAD II (Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Dynamics II"], ["software", "ARC-18198-1", "ARC-18198-1", "Automatic Discovery of Precursors in Time Series Data (ADOPT) code release", "aeronautics", "ARC", "ADOPT (abbr. Automatic Discovery Of Precursors in Time series) is a data mining/ machine learning algorithm that processes large volumes of time series data and identifies precursors to adverse events. An adverse event may refer to any unsafe event ranging from a negligible safety hazard to a catast"], ["software", "ARC-18212-1", "ARC-18212-1", "Physical Scalars and Plotting Tools in Scala", "data and image processing", "ARC", "An open-source scalar package and associated software tools have been developed in the Scala programming language, including plotting tools based on the free GRACE plotting package. The scalar package represents physical scalars and can help to prevent errorsinvolving physical units in engineering a"], ["software", "ARC-18229-1", "ARC-18229-1", "MESA: Message-Based System Analysis", "system testing", "ARC", "MESA, which stands for MEssage-based System Analysis, is a framework that provides runtime verification of large distributed systems in a nonintrusive manner. It checks a trace of the system under test against properties of interest, and if a property is violated, it issues an error along with a cou"], ["software", "ARC-18270-1", "ARC-18270-1", "MiniWall - Data Visualization Web Browser Application", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The MiniWall software is browser based software that is used to analyze and understand large and small computationally and experimentally generated data sets. The MiniWall software presents a matrix view of plots and other visualization images and provides a responsive and productive way to investig"], ["software", "ARC-18277-1", "ARC-18277-1", "CoCoSim: Simulink Verification Framework", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "CoCoSim is a framework that integrates analysis technologies for verifying and validating Simulink and Stateflow models. CoCoSim can be used to automatically perform test case generation and to evaluate the validity of user-supplied safety requirements. CoCoSim can also be used to generate C and/or "], ["software", "ARC-18333-1", "ARC-18333-1", "BASSHFS: Bash-Accessible SSH File System", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "BASSHFS is a tool that allows remote directories to be manipulated as if they were mounted locally when using the bash shell. It is similar to the existing SSHFS utility except it is does not require FUSE kernel support."], ["software", "ARC-18334-1", "ARC-18334-1", "FreeMe: Filtering and Reorganization of Excessive E-Mail Emanation", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "FreeMe is a tool for filtering and reorganization of emails sent to a common address according to criteria specified by each user. FreeMe can be used either by a single user as a mail delivery agent or across users as a mailing list manager."], ["software", "ARC-18335-1", "ARC-18335-1", "SSHIM: SSH Interruption Mitigator", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "SSHIM is a tool that allows remote commands operating over SSH channels to continue operation across multiple failures of the underlying channel."], ["software", "ARC-18415-1", "ARC-18415-1", "Kepler/K2 Cadence Events (K2CE)", "data and image processing", "ARC", "Kepler K2 Cadence Events (K2CE) is a data visualization / manipulation Python application which runs on publicly available data from the NASA Kepler, K2, and TESS missions to produce annotated light curve plots and, optionally, filtered versions of the input data files."], ["software", "ARC-18446-1", "ARC-18446-1", "DELTA (Deep Earth Learning, Tools, and Analysis)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "DELTA is a toolkit for applying deep learning to satellite imagery. Scientists label training imagery on a supported satellite, and the toolkit learns a deep neural network to address the problem. DELTA makes use of pre-trained autoencoders on supported satellites to jump-start training through a le"], ["software", "ARC-18500-1", "ARC-18500-1", "NASA NeMO-Net, the Neural Multi-Modal Observation & Training Network", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "NeMO-Net is a convolutional neural network (CNN) designed for marine ecosystem classification. The CNN takes as input 2D satellite and drone images as well as 3D reconstructions of underwater environments and generates classification maps for those environments as output. These classification maps c"], ["software", "ARC-18520-1", "ARC-18520-1", "stol-mode", "operations", "ARC", "An Emacs major mode for Spacecraft Test and Operations Language (STOL), written to be used with Integrated Test and Operations System (ITOS)."], ["software", "ARC-18547-1", "ARC-18547-1", "NASA Ames Legacy Mars Global Climate Model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "We present the NASA Ames Legacy Mars Global Climate Model for public release. This model uses a modified version of the ARIES/GEOS dynamical core coupled with a set of Mars physics packages to simulate the martian climate. The physics packages include the treatment of surface properties, a ground te"], ["software", "ARC-18548-1", "ARC-18548-1", "Ocean Worlds Autonomy Testbed for Exploration Research and Simulation", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The OceanWATERS software is a simulation environment for research and development of on-board autonomy software for scientific lander missions to the \"ocean worlds\" of our solar system: the moons harboring large quantities of liquids, such as Europa, Enceladus, and Titan. The proposed \"Europa Lander"], ["software", "ARC-18618-1", "ARC-18618-1", "SimuPy Flight Vehicle Toolkit", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "This software library leverages open source scientific computing tools to implement an efficient simulation framework for flight vehicles in Python. Equations of motion are composed in blocks using the SimuPy library, an open source Python alternative to Simulink, and integrated using SciPys wrapper"], ["software", "ARC-18634-1", "ARC-18634-1", "Python Prognostics Model Package", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The Prognostic Model Package is a python modeling framework focused on defining and building models for prognostics (computation of remaining useful life) of engineering systems, and provides a set of prognostics models for select components developed within this framework."], ["software", "ARC-18635-1", "ARC-18635-1", "Python Prognostics Algorithm Package", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "The Prognostic Algorithm Package is a python framework for prognostics (computation of remaining useful life) of engineering systems, and provides a set of prognostics algorithms for prognostics state estimation and prediction."], ["software", "ARC-18652-1", "ARC-18652-1", "HybridQ: A Hybrid Simulator for Quantum Circuits", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "HybridQ is a powerful tool to simulate large scale quantum circuits. It uses different numerical techniques (including tensor contraction, direct evolution of the quantum state and Pauli operator expansion) and it has been specifically designed to run on HPC cluster. It also offers an user-friendly "], ["software", "ARC-18677-1", "ARC-18677-1", "GeneLab Amplicon and Metagenomics Data Processing Pipelines", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This technology details each step in GeneLab's standard pipelines for processing Amplicon and Metagenomics sequence data. These processing protocols have been wrapped into Snakemake workflows that utilize Conda environments. Instructions for installing and implementing these Snakemake workflows are "], ["software", "ARC-18710-1", "ARC-18710-1", "NASA Ames Mars Global Climate Model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "ARC", "We present the NASA Ames Mars Global Climate Model (NASA Ames MGCM) physics submodule for public release. This submodule is intended to work with the Finite-Volume dynamical core and cubed-sphere grid (FV3) developed by NOAA/GFDL and includes several of the Mars physics packages employed by the NASA"], ["software", "ARC-18739-1", "ARC-18739-1", "Agent-Based Model for Microbial Populations Exposed to Radiation (AMMPER)", "crew and life support", "ARC", "Agent-Based Model for Microbial Populations Exposed to Radiation (AMMPER) simulates the effects of proton-based galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth. Through the implementation of data generated from Relativistic Ion Tracks (RITRACKS), a radiation traversal t"], ["software", "ARC-18750-1", "ARC-18750-1", "fmdtools", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Fmdtools is a Python toolkit for simulating the dynamic effects of hazardous scenarios in complex engineered systems and analyzing the associated resilience of the system. To support early design work, fmdtools uses a function-based representation which can evolve as the concept increases in fidelit"], ["software", "ARC-18750-1A", "ARC-18750-1A", "Fault Model Design tools - fmdtools version 2", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Fmdtools is a Python toolkit for simulating the dynamic effects of hazardous scenarios in complex engineered systems and analyzing the associated resilience of the system. To support early design work, fmdtools uses a high-level representation of the system which can evolve as the concept increases "], ["software", "ARC-18753-1", "ARC-18753-1", "CAPE - Computational Aerosciences Productivity & Execution", "aeronautics", "ARC", "CAPE is software that provides an end-to-end framework for running large numbers of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations, extracting aerodynamic performance data, and building high-quality, complex aerodynamic databases. Computational Aerosciences Productivity & Execution (CAPE) is thus a s"], ["software", "ARC-18778-1", "ARC-18778-1", "Support Libraries for Cart3D I/O Functions and Extensible Design Description Markup", "aeronautics", "ARC", "This is a collection of software libraries used for various I/O functions of the Cart3D aerodynamic analysis and optimization package. This includes reading and writing surface triangulation files, volume mesh files and files for aerodynamic shape optimization problems."], ["software", "ARC-18808-1", "ARC-18808-1", "DNN-Prophecy", "system testing", "ARC", "DNN-Prophecy: A Tool-set for ensuring that autonomous systems that use Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are safe, robust and interpretable."], ["software", "ARC-18837-1", "ARC-18837-1", "arcjetCV", "data and image processing", "ARC", "arcjetCV is a software application developed in Python which processes arc jet test videos to extract time-resolved 2D recession measurements. The application employs convolutional neural net models (Tensorflow/Keras/OpenCV) to provide a generalized edge detection/extraction algorithm. The software "], ["software", "ARC-18843-1", "ARC-18843-1", "vipersci", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This VIPER Science package is software to support the activities of the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) Science Team. This software will implement scientific models to convert instrument raw data to useful derived data (but not including any proprietary instrument details). T"], ["software", "ARC-18862-1", "ARC-18862-1", "GeneLab RNA Sequencing Processing Pipeline and Workflow", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This technology details each step in GeneLab's standard pipeline for processing RNA sequence (RNAseq) data. This processing pipeline has been wrapped into a Nextflow workflow that utilizes Singularity containers. Instructions for installing and implementing the Nextflow workflow are included."], ["software", "ARC-18869-1", "ARC-18869-1", "Activity Planning with Resources for the Exploration of Space (APRES)", "autonomous systems", "ARC", "Activity Planning with Resources for the Exploration of Space (APRES) is a mixed-initiative mission planning system for ground operations. APRES has a web-based user interface that is integrated with the Open-source Mission Control Technologies (OpenMCT) system and includes a plan editor, a timeline"], ["software", "ARC-18884-1", "ARC-18884-1", "Data & Reasoning Fabric (DRF) Core", "aeronautics", "ARC", "Operations in dynamic environments require decisions based on diverse and evolving data, including vehicle, airspace, weather, infrastructure, payload, and customer data. The complexity and density of these operations are expected to increase significantly over the next several decades. This will ne"], ["software", "ARC-18885-1", "ARC-18885-1", "MPEC", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "MPEC: Massively Parallel Electron Correlation solves the molecular electronic Schroedinger equation using the improved internally contracted Multi-Reference Configuration Interaction method."], ["software", "ARC-18893-1", "ARC-18893-1", "PySA, a powerful tool for solving optimization problems", "data and image processing", "ARC", "PySA is a powerful tool for solving optimization problems. It uses different numerical techniques (including, for example, parallel-tempering, annealed importance sampling and path-integral monte carlo) and it has been specifically designed to run on HPC clusters. It also offers a user-friendly inte"], ["software", "ARC-18948-1", "ARC-18948-1", "GeneLab Methylation Sequencing Processing Pipeline and Workflows", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This technology details each step in GeneLab's standard pipeline for processing Methylation Sequencing (Methyl-Seq) data. These processing pipelines are currently being wrapped into Nextflow workflows that utilize Singularity containers. Instructions for installing and implementing the Nextflow work"], ["software", "ARC-18949-1", "ARC-18949-1", "GeneLab Microarray Processing Pipelines and Workflows", "data and image processing", "ARC", "This technology details each step in GeneLab's standard pipeline for processing Microarray data derived from different platform types. These processing pipelines have been wrapped into Nextflow workflows that utilize Singularity containers. Instructions for installing and implementing the Nextflow w"], ["software", "ARC-18971-1", "ARC-18971-1", "synthterrain", "data and image processing", "ARC", "The synthterrain package is software to support the creation of synthetic terrain (at this time craters and rock placement) on worlds in the solar system. This software will implement scientific models to calculate realistic crater populations in size, depth, and degradation state, as well as rock s"], ["software", "ARC-18988-1", "ARC-18988-1", "Large File Control (LFC)", "data servers processing and handling", "ARC", "Large File Control (LFC) is an extension to the popular revision control software Git that enables it to work better with large and binary (non-text) files. It works by allowing the user to declare certain files as \"large,\" and then Git only lacks the metadata of that file while LFC handles the actu"], ["software", "ARC-18996-1", "ARC-18996-1", "Condor", "design and integration tools", "ARC", "Condor is a mathematical modeling framework for engineers with a deadline. Condor provides a modular framework for creating and numerically evaluating engineering models. Model equations are defined using an expressive mathematical domain-specific language implemented using Pythons metaprogramming a"], ["software", "ARC-19045-1", "ARC-19045-1", "Metric Informed Mesh Improvement Capability (MIMIC)", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Metric Informed Mesh Improvement Capability (MIMIC) enables anisotropic mesh adaptation for hypersonic flow simulations based on a provided initial mesh and corresponding Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow solution. MIMIC computes an error indicator that provides the size and directionality"], ["software", "ARC-19062-1", "ARC-19062-1", "Launch Ascent And Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA) v1.0.1", "aeronautics", "ARC", "The Launch, Ascent, and Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA) Framework, developed by NASA Ames Computational Aerosciences Branch, is an integrated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and multiphysics environment with automated pre and postprocessing and grid generation. Evolving since the late 2000s, LAVA use"], ["software", "ARC-19207-1", "ARC-19207-1", "sBOOM2 - An advanced sonic boom propagation and design tool", "aeronautics", "ARC", "This innovation presents an approach to not only predict the sonic boom ground signatures by numerically solving the Augmented Burgers' equation but also allows the crucial step of efficiently computing the sensitivities of various sonic boom loudness metrics, both at the ground level and mid-field "], ["software", "ARC-19208-1", "ARC-19208-1", "sBOOM An advanced sonic boom propagation tool", "aeronautics", "ARC", "This innovation presents an approach to predict the sonic boom ground signatures accurately by numerically solving the Augmented Burgers' equation. The method is capable of predicting sonic boom signatures with consideration of atmospheric losses to account for the realistic attenuation of the sonic"], ["software", "DRC-010-044", "DRC-010-044", "Half-Cycle Crack Growth Predicts Operational Flight Life of Critical Aerostructural Components", "structures and mechanisms", "DFRC", "This software program offers a reliable method for calculating theoretical fatigue crack growths that could lead to catastrophic structural component failures. The program builds upon and integrates Armstrong's proven half-cycle and closed-form aging theories and is especially accurate because it co"], ["software", "DRC-011-003", "DRC-011-003", "Increasing Engineering Efficiency with STARS: Structural Analysis Routines", "data and image processing", "DFRC", "Structural Analysis Routines (STARS) is an efficient, cost-effective, and unique computer program that analyzes a variety of practical engineering problems. The software is a fully integrated, multidisciplinary, finite-element-based, graphic-oriented analysis tool that combines individual modules to"], ["software", "DRC-012-022", "DRC-012-022", "QuickPlot General-Purpose Plotting Tool", "data and image processing", "DFRC", "Processing and plotting large amounts of data can be time consuming and expensive, particularly for data that specify time-varying values, so-called time history data. QuickPlot--along with DthDiff and DthData--helps manage several key operations for time history data, enable comparison of the time "], ["software", "DRC-012-024", "DRC-012-024", "DthData Armstrong Time-History Software Utility", "data and image processing", "DFRC", "Processing and plotting large amounts of data can be time consuming and expensive, particularly for data that specify time-varying values, so-called time history data. DthData--along with QuickPlot and DthDiff--helps manage several key operations for time history data, enable comparison of the time "], ["software", "DRC-012-025", "DRC-012-025", "DthDiff Time-History Difference Software Utility", "data and image processing", "DFRC", "Processing and plotting large amounts of data can be time consuming and expensive, particularly for data that specify time-varying values, so-called time history data. DthDiff--along with QuickPlot and DthData--helps manage several key operations for time history data, enable comparison of the time "], ["software", "DRC-013-035", "DRC-013-035", "Structure Deformation Calculation Program based on Ko Displacement Transfer Functions", "structures and mechanisms", "DFRC", "The Structure Deformation Calculation Program is a computer program that will calculate slopes, deflections, and cross-sectional twist angles if applicable at strain-sensing stations on any structures based on the Ko Displacement Transfer Functions. By using this method, only a small number of strai"], ["software", "DRC-014-004", "DRC-014-004", "Quad-Channel Transport Class Model (Quad TCM) Simulation", "aeronautics", "DFRC", "The aerospace industry uses model aircraft simulation systems to demonstrate and evaluate new computer hardware and software components for flight operations. Formal methods--mathematically based techniques--are used for verification and validation of new systems prior to implementation. By integrat"], ["software", "DRC-014-009", "DRC-014-009", "Chapter 10 Tools: Solving the Challenges of Varying Implementations of the IRIG Standard", "data and image processing", "DFRC", "Developers at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center have developed a software toolkit--dubbed Chapter 10 Tools--that is capable of reading data files originating from various onboard digital recorders that follow the Range Commanders Council Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) 106 Chapter 10 "], ["software", "DRC-014-024", "DRC-014-024", "Automate Optimization and Design Tasks Across Disciplines with Object-Oriented Optimization Tool 2.0", "structures and mechanisms", "DFRC", "This multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDAO) solution automates optimization tasks early in the design process according to a range of user-defined parameters, including factors such as cost, safety, and environmental impact. The tool provides a framework that enables several engin"], ["software", "DRC-014-036", "DRC-014-036", "EZASE Easy Aeroelasticity: A Tool to Simulate Aircraft Wing Geometry", "aeronautics", "DFRC", "This easy-to-use open source MATLAB®- based software was first developed to give X-56A aircraft engineers a modeling tool to understand aeroservoelasticity. EZASE now introduces students and practicing engineers to aeroservoelastic phenomena in flexible structures. Useful for analysis and control de"], ["software", "DRC-015-017", "DRC-015-017", "Predict the Behavior of Blackbody Heated Surfaces", "materials and processes", "DFRC", "Many areas of science and engineering require an understanding of the radiation that emits from a heated surface. Specifically, there is a need to calculate the radiation's intensity and spectral distribution for thermal radiation heat transfer, infrared signature analysis, and radiation thermometry"], ["software", "DRC-021-024", "DRC-021-024", "1998 NIST-JANAF (National Institute of Standards and Technology-Joint Army Navy Air Force) Database Scanning and Plotting Program", "materials and processes", "DFRC", "The 1998 NIST-JANAF (National Institute of Standards and Technology-Joint Army Navy Air Force) Database Scanning and Plotting Program is an interactive software application that contains fits of thermodynamic data contained in the Fourth Edition of the NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables. Fits for 1,06"], ["software", "DRC-025-012", "DRC-025-012", "EQDE computer program version 3", "structures and mechanisms", "DFRC", "FORTRAN computer program which derives strain gage loads equation coefficients from data collected during a strain gage load calibration test"], ["software", "GSC-14292-1", "GSC-14292-1", "Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop Web (CDAWeb)", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The CDAWeb software and the CDAWeb service built on this software have been developed and continue to be enhanced and maintained by the Space Physics Data Facility. The technology has supported NASA/Office of Space Science programs dealing with the connections between the Sun and the Earth. CDAWeb s"], ["software", "GSC-14308-1", "GSC-14308-1", "Interoperable Remote Component (IRC)", "operations", "GSFC", "IRC provides robust interactive and distributed control/monitoring of remote instruments. The IRC architecture combines the processing capabilities of Java with the power of XML to express hierarchical data in a human-readable, platform-independent format. For additional information, please visit: h"], ["software", "GSC-14687-1", "GSC-14687-1", "Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS)", "operations", "GSFC", "GEONS processes data from standard GPS receivers, communication equipment, and/or attitude sensors to produce accurate, absolute, relative onboard navigation solutions in real time. Navigation products from GEONS support additional autonomous functions, including onboard maneuver control, science vi"], ["software", "GSC-14730-1", "GSC-14730-1", "Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Web Services", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "These Web services provide a distributed programming interface to a portion of the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) software. The technology conforms to all applicable Web service specifications of the World Wide Web Consortium. Please visit the following URL for additional information: http://spd"], ["software", "GSC-14732-1", "GSC-14732-1", "Tool For Interactive Plotting, Sonification, and 3D Orbit Display (TIPSOD)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "TIPSOD is a software application designed for interactive, animated, 4D (space and time) visualization of satellite orbits. The technology is implemented in Java 3D and is an extension to the existing Satellite Situation Center Web (SSCWeb) 2D static orbit graphics. Please visit the following URL fo"], ["software", "GSC-14841-1", "GSC-14841-1", "Simple, Scalable, Script-Based Science Processor for Missions (S4PM)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "S4PM is a set of Perl scripts that implement a data-driven processing system that executes science algorithms automatically as new data arrive. S4PM includes a graphical user interface for monitoring algorithms and the overall system for failures. The Perl scripts can currently process data from the"], ["software", "GSC-14905-1", "GSC-14905-1", "Data Service Provider Cost Estimation Tool and Comparables Database", "business systems and project management", "GSFC", "The Data Service Provider Cost Estimation Tool (CET) and Comparables Database (CDB) package provides NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) the ability to make lifecycle cost estimates for the implementation and operation of the data service providers that are required to support its science and appl"], ["software", "GSC-14911-1", "GSC-14911-1", "Architecture Adaptive Computing Environment (ACE)", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Architecture Adaptive Computing Environment (ACE) is a parallel computing language, compiler, and runtime library. The purpose of ACE is to allow a programmer to more easily write parallel programs for a wide variety of parallel computer architectures."], ["software", "GSC-14912-1", "GSC-14912-1", "Java Astrodynamics Toolkit (JAT)", "operations", "GSFC", "The Java Astrodynamics Toolkit (JAT) is a collection of Java components that aid flight dynamics engineers in performing space mission design; trajectory optimization; and spacecraft navigation, attitude-determination, and control systems analysis. Current capabilities include orbit propagation, orb"], ["software", "GSC-14921-1", "GSC-14921-1", "Operating System Abstraction Layer (OSAL)", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The OSAL library isolates embedded application software from a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS). The technology provides a well-defined, generic interface to RTOS services; a generic interface to hardware services; and an implementation for several current RTO systems. By using the library, an embe"], ["software", "GSC-14938-1", "GSC-14938-1", "Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway (EDG)", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The Earth Observing System Data Gateway (EDG) provides the earth science community with a single interface that will search for data granules from distributed data archives. The innovation enables users to explore, discover, and order available data from geographically distributed providers. For mor"], ["software", "GSC-14948-1", "GSC-14948-1", "HDFView Plugin", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "This Java-language software plug-in to HDFView provides an interface for two versions of hierarchical data formats (HDF 4 and HDF 5). Please visit the following URL for more information: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/HDF/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-14976-1", "GSC-14976-1", "Requirements Tracing On Target (RETRO)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "RETRO offers methods and techniques for information retrieval (IR), including vector retrieval and probabilistic retrieval. The technology can be downloaded at: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/RETRO/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-14993-1", "GSC-14993-1", "Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) Software Library, Version 3.1", "operations", "GSFC", "This library provides for the reliable transfer of large data blocks to and from spacecrafts. It implements the international standard CFDP protocol, can be used from mission to mission, and supports both ground and flight software."], ["software", "GSC-15006-1", "GSC-15006-1", "XML to ODL Convertor", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This program translates an XML representation of Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) ODL metadata back to the ODL format. Please visit the following URL for additional information: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/xml2odl/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-15007-1", "GSC-15007-1", "Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) to NetCDF Converter", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This C-language computer program accepts a set of scientific data/metadata from an Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite and converts it from the format in which it was created and delivered into another format for data processing and exchange on Earth. The converter can be downloaded at: http://ww"], ["software", "GSC-15008-1", "GSC-15008-1", "HDF-EOS2 and HDF-EOS5 Compatibility Library", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "This software library provides uniform access to HDF-EOS2 and HDF-EOS5 files through one set of application program interface (API) calls. Without the library, programs would have to be written twice to cover both HDF-EOS2 and HDF-EOS5 files. http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/HDF-EOS2/index.p"], ["software", "GSC-15009-1", "GSC-15009-1", "Hierarchical Data Format Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS)Data Extractor (HEEX)", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The Hierarchical Data Format Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) Data Extractor (HEEX) is a tool that enables users to extract HDF-EOS data to binary or ASCII data formats in HTML or XML index. The software can be used for both HDF-EOS2 and HDF-EOS5, and it automatically recognizes the two formats."], ["software", "GSC-15010-1", "GSC-15010-1", "Hierarchical Data Format Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) Metadata Updater (HEMU)", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "HDF-EOS Metadata Updater (HEMU) enables users to modify metadata inside an HDF-EOS file (either HDF-EOS2 and HDF-EOS5). The tool can be used to extract metadata from a dataset to a text file that can then be modified with any text editor; replace metadata with text from an external file; or update m"], ["software", "GSC-15011-1", "GSC-15011-1", "Hierarchical Data Format Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) Web Server", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "This shell script chains together existing data usability group tools to: extract ODL metadata from an HDF-EOS file; convert the metadata to XML; reformat the XML into HTML; publish the HTML and the original HDF-EOS file to a Web server and an OPeNDAP server; and reformat the XML and submit it to th"], ["software", "GSC-15012-1", "GSC-15012-1", "Metadata Check", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Metadata Check is a command-line tool to check Earth Observing System (EOS) metadata with a metadata descriptor. For more information, please visit: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/metacheck/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-15013-1", "GSC-15013-1", "ODL-to-XML Converter", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This command-line Java-based utility converts ODL Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing Satellite (HDFEOS) metadata file to an HDFEOS XML file. The tool utilizes an all-Java ODL library that includes a syntax and grammar parser. The software can be downloaded at: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/p"], ["software", "GSC-15014-1", "GSC-15014-1", "User-Friendly Metadata", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The User-friendly Metadata (UFM) tool functions as a filter. The tool accepts an ODL file as input and generates a simple HTML representation of the ODL as output. Command-line options provide a user with the ability to modify the program's functionality. Please visit: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.go"], ["software", "GSC-15015-1", "GSC-15015-1", "HDF-EOS5 Validator", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "This software allows generators of HDF-EOS data products to encode product requirement specifications in XML. The tool will then mechanically check product files against those requirements. For more information, please visit: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/Validator/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-15016-1", "GSC-15016-1", "Hierarchical Data Format Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) XML Document-Type Definitions and Schemas", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "An XML standard has been developed for the HDF-EOS5 file format using document-type definitions and schemas. Users can transform HDF5 files into XML format and vice versa. For more information, please visit: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/XML_DTD_Schemas/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-15017-1", "GSC-15017-1", "XML to HDF-EOS Convertor", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This software program takes an XML representation of the contents of a Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) file and recreates the file from that description. Please visit the following URL for additional information: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/xml2he/index.php"], ["software", "GSC-15137-1", "GSC-15137-1", "NASA.rb (formerly fUnit)", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "NASA.rb (formerly fUnit) is a collection of Fortran modules that provide a framework for automating the construction, execution, and reporting of unit tests for Fortran software applications. Support is provided for several aspects of unit testing that are peculiar to scientific technical computing "], ["software", "GSC-15138-1", "GSC-15138-1", "MATLAB-Oslo Toolkit", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This toolkit is a set of MATLAB scripts and functions that enable rapid transfer of optical system and performance data from Oslo optical software into the MATLAB environment. Typical applications include: extracting prescription data into MATLAB to confirm consistency of various delivered models; p"], ["software", "GSC-15140-1", "GSC-15140-1", "MATLAB-Code V Toolkit", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This toolkit is a set of MATLAB scripts and functions that enable rapid transfer of optical system and performance data from Code V optical software into the MATLAB environment. Typical applications include: extracting prescription data into MATLAB to confirm consistency of various delivered models;"], ["software", "GSC-15151-1", "GSC-15151-1", "MATLAB-Zemax Toolkit", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "The MATLAB-Zemax toolkit is a set of MATLAB scripts and functions that enable rapid transfer of optical system and performance data from Zemax optical software into the MATLAB environment. Typical applications include: extracting prescription data into MATLAB to confirm consistency of various delive"], ["software", "GSC-15276-1", "GSC-15276-1", "NASA Forecast Model Web (NFMW) Map Service", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "NFMW reads weather forecast models outputs; subsets the data to the region of interest; interpolates the data to the specified size; generates a visualization of the data using colors, contour lines, or arrows; and sends the visualization to the client. More information can be found at: http://opens"], ["software", "GSC-15363-1", "GSC-15363-1", "Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Software", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) is a state-of-the-art, modular 3D chemistry and transport model (CTM) that can be used for assessment of the impact of various natural and anthropogenic perturbations on atmospheric composition and chemistry, including, but not exclusively, the effect of aircraft"], ["software", "GSC-15469-1", "GSC-15469-1", "Global Precipitation Space and Ground Radar Comparison Software", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "Designed to support a prototype validation network for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) spaceflight mission, this space and ground radar comparison software collects data from the Precipitation Radar instrument flying on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft. Please vis"], ["software", "GSC-15594-1", "GSC-15594-1", "Range Safety Algorithm Software Module for an Autonomous Flight Safety System", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "This software library was developed to mitigate the public safety risks of hazards associated with the flight of expendable launch vehicles and other unmanned flight vehicles. The software encapsulates the various constructs and algorithms required to accomplish Time Space Position Information (TSPI"], ["software", "GSC-15618-1", "GSC-15618-1", "Automation Framework Designed for Flight Dynamics Products Generation (XFDS)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "This software framework automates the generation of flight dynamics products by providing a unified and consistent graphical interface to various tools. The technology coordinates the execution of applications such as Satellite ToolKit, FreeFlyer, and MATLAB; allows for the embedding of Perl code; p"], ["software", "GSC-15728-1", "GSC-15728-1", "Orbit-Determination Toolbox", "aeronautics", "GSFC", "Based on MATLAB and Java, the flexible Orbit-Determination Toolbox is intended primarily for the advanced mission analysis that might be performed in the concept exploration, proposal, and early design phases. Visit the following URL for more information: http://opensource.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/ODT"], ["software", "GSC-15744-1", "GSC-15744-1", "Visual System for Browsing, Analysis, and Retrieval of Data (ViSBARD)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "ViSBARD provides a way of visualizing multiple vector and scalar quantities as measured by many spacecraft at once. The data are displayed three-dimensionally; may be displayed either as connected lines or as points; and allow the rapid determination of vector configurations, correlations between ma"], ["software", "GSC-15874-1", "GSC-15874-1", "Goddard Satellite Data Simulation Unit", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Goddard Satellite Data Simulation Unit (SDSU) is a comprehensive unified system of multi-sensor satellite instrumental simulators. Skill of weather forecasting models can be evaluated in terms of satellite-observed multi-sensor radiance levels. Alternatively, the remote sensing community can mor"], ["software", "GSC-15877-1", "GSC-15877-1", "Simple, Scalable, Script-based Science Processing Archive (S4PA)", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Simple, Scalable, Script-based, Science Processing (S4P) Archive (S4PA) is a disk-based archiving system for remote sensing data. The tool can be used for new data transfer, data preprocessing, metadata generation, and data archival. Services provided include data access control, data subscription, "], ["software", "GSC-15996-1", "GSC-15996-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Checksum Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "Checksum (CS) is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (CFS). The technology performs memory integrity management by verifying the contents of critical flight memory regions. Unexpected changes in memory (i.e., due to an SEU) are reported to ground operators."], ["software", "GSC-16007-1", "GSC-16007-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) File Manager (FM) Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "FM provides the user commands to perform the following operations: copy file, move file, rename file, delete file(s), close file, concatenate file, decompress file, delete directory contents, create directory, remove directory, obtain file information, obtain open file listing, and obtain directory "], ["software", "GSC-16009-1", "GSC-16009-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Stored Command (SC) Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The CFS SC application provides the ability to execute onboard absolute-time and relative-time command sequences. The technology offers a generic implementation that can be configured by a user to fit the needs of a specific mission."], ["software", "GSC-16010-1", "GSC-16010-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Limit Checker (LC) Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Limit Checker (LC) application is responsible for monitoring telemetry values."], ["software", "GSC-16011-1", "GSC-16011-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Memory Manager Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Memory Manager application processes commands, generally from the ground, in order to dump the contents of a memory location, dump the contents of a range of memory locations, load a memory location with specified data, load a range of memory with specified data, or fill an area of memory with t"], ["software", "GSC-16012-1", "GSC-16012-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Memory Dwell Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Memory Dwell application telemeters the contents of table-defined addresses at a table-defined dwell rate. Addresses can be processed using symbols if the target processor/operating system includes symbols."], ["software", "GSC-16013-1", "GSC-16013-1", "Total Verification System and C Based Verification Test Bench", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "This technology verifies complex space flight digital designs in a more thorough manner than was previously possible while offering cost savings and reduced schedule time. The software combines a custom-designed GSE unit, the Total Verification System, along with a powerful test bench environment th"], ["software", "GSC-16050-1", "GSC-16050-1", "SAIC Algorithm Test Bed for Asteroid Detection (SALTAD), Version 1.5", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "Composed of a series of C-language models, the SALTAD software package processes multi-frame image data to detect moving asteroids in a star-cluttered background. The software is highly modularized for interfacing with existing near-Earth asteroid search facility software."], ["software", "GSC-16123-1", "GSC-16123-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Scheduler Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Scheduler application uses a one-second major timeframe, which is divided into a designer-determined collection of equally divided minor timeframes. The technology is configurable and table-driven to provide greater flexibility."], ["software", "GSC-16125-1", "GSC-16125-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) CFDP Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The CFDP application provides the capability to transmit and receive files to/from the ground. Tables are used to allow flexibility in specifying directory priorities and configurations."], ["software", "GSC-16126-1", "GSC-16126-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Data Storage (DS) Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The DS application provides the ability to store data (i.e., messages) into files. Tables are used to provide the flexibility for specifying messages."], ["software", "GSC-16127-1", "GSC-16127-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Housekeeping (HK) Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The CFS Housekeeping application provides the ability to organize data from various packets into new packets in order to best utilize the telemetry bandwidth available for a mission."], ["software", "GSC-16151-1", "GSC-16151-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Health and Safety Application Version 2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The plug-and-play CFS Health and Safety application is compatible with the Core Flight Executive (cFE) and uses the Operating System Abstraction Layer (OSAL), both of which were developed by Goddard Space Flight Center in order to provide a reusable, platform-independent, mission-independent, layere"], ["software", "GSC-16228-1", "GSC-16228-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT), Version 2011A", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "GMAT is a software system for trajectory optimization, mission analysis, trajectory estimation, and prediction. Analysts use GMAT to design spacecraft trajectories, optimize maneuvers, perform orbit determination, visualize and communicate mission parameters, and understand a mission's trade space. "], ["software", "GSC-16232-1", "GSC-16232-1", "Core Flight Executive (cFE)", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Core Flight Executive (cFE) provides software bus, time, event, executive, table, and file services, and it defines the application programming interface (API) for each set function. Applications subscribe to cFE services at runtime, making system modifications easy. Facilitating rapid prototypi"], ["software", "GSC-16375-1", "GSC-16375-1", "Simple Subset Wizard", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The Simple Subset Wizard (SSW) makes searching for granules easier. The tool unites the search function with various subsetters to deliver a single, simple, seamless process. SSW uses OpenSearch to query the Earth Observing System Clearing House (ECHO) for granules and then employs individual subset"], ["software", "GSC-16467-1", "GSC-16467-1", "Remote Memory Access Protocol Target Node", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "This NASA technology provides SpaceWire design users with support for executing remote memory access protocol (RMAP) read and write commands. The target IP core is a VHDL description suitable for implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit ("], ["software", "GSC-16471-1", "GSC-16471-1", "Magnetosphere Multi-Scale (MMS) Spacecraft Flight Software", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "This spacecraft flight software was developed to support unique multi-satellite MMS mission requirements. The technology interfaces to a sensor/actuator complement that includes a star sensor and Digital Sun Sensor, Accelerometer, and Thruster hardware to implement the functionality for determining "], ["software", "GSC-16586-1", "GSC-16586-1", "Packet to Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) Interface Converter, Version 4.0", "electronics and electrical power", "GSFC", "Developed using platform-independent language, this interface converter packet allows already-existing EGSE equipment to be supported on Windows and UNIX operating systems. The software is set up and controlled using XML-formatted files that define interface connections and data content."], ["software", "GSC-16669-1", "GSC-16669-1", "Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Spacecraft Flight Software (FSW) Version 4.7.2", "operations", "GSFC", "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) spacecraft (S/C) flight software (FSW) controls and coordinates all aspects of the spacecraft's operation in nominal and anomolous conditions. It distributes commands to, and collects data from, all spacecraft subsystems and the science instruments. The FSW"], ["software", "GSC-16720-1", "GSC-16720-1", "42: A Comprehensive General-Purpose Simulation of Attitude and Trajectory Dynamics and Control of Multiple Spacecraft Composed of Multiple Rigid or Flexible Bodies", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "Simulator of spacecraft attitude, orbit dynamics, and environmental models. Spacecraft models composed of multiple bodies are supported. The environment models include ephemerides for all planets and major moons in the solar system. Supports geometrical visualization through an OpenGL interface. The"], ["software", "GSC-16768-1", "GSC-16768-1", "Action Item System, Version 2.0", "business systems and project management", "GSFC", "This web application allows users to assign and track action items. Helpful emails are distributed when an action is created, updated, or closed, and reminder emails are sent to assignees when an action item deadline is approaching or has passed."], ["software", "GSC-16846-1", "GSC-16846-1", "Hazards Analysis Management Tool (HAMT)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "HAMT uses a single software tool to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of hazard analyses. Composed of a Microsoft Access front-end (that contains the user interface) paired with a Microsoft Access back-end (that stores analysis data), the software can be used to enter, edit, and report infor"], ["software", "GSC-16848-1", "GSC-16848-1", "Obs4MIPS", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "This technology is a front end to the Climate Model Output Rewriter (CMOR2) software package. The technology converts a variety of standard data formats (e.g., netcdf3, netcdf4, Grads control files, and MATLAB data files) to allow publication on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) data node."], ["software", "GSC-16852-1", "GSC-16852-1", "EEPROM File System", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The EEPROM File System (EEFS) is a simple, reliable file system for embedded systems. The primary purpose of the EEFS is to provide a file system abstraction for EEPROM or PROM memories that is simple, efficient, and can be proven to be reliable. The EEFS can be used on embedded systems where a file"], ["software", "GSC-16917-1", "GSC-16917-1", "Core Flight System (CFS) Software Bus Network (SBN) Application, Version 1.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The SBN serves as a plug-in to the cFE framework to transfer messages across process/processor interfaces. The technology has three primary functions: to establish and maintain a connection to each peer over available process/processor interfaces; to distribute and maintain a subscription message da"], ["software", "GSC-17111-1", "GSC-17111-1", "\"Worldview\" satellite imagery browsing and downloading tool", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Worldview is a software tool designed for interactively browsing and downloading imagery from NASA's Earth observing satellites. Building upon a set of open source mapping and user interface libraries, it provides an environment to visually discover interesting phenomena as observed by NASA satellit"], ["software", "GSC-17147-1", "GSC-17147-1", "QEMU model for BAE Rad750 (board model)", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "This work provides a board model and implementation of the BAE Rad750en PPCI PowerPC to PCI bridge chipset for QEMU."], ["software", "GSC-17162-1", "GSC-17162-1", "Open GeoSocial Consumer Application", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "This software interface provides a social and collaborative environment to allow end-users such as GEOSS users to discover, visualize, and access Earth Science information on demand from simple browsers and allow them to share the resulting products with their friends and/or Community of Interest th"], ["software", "GSC-17169-1", "GSC-17169-1", "Vectorization of Global Flood Monitoring System using Topojson", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This capability allows for the generation of vectors by reading the Global Flood Monitoring data, processing the data and generating aTopoJSON encoded file for visualization on the web."], ["software", "GSC-17173-1", "GSC-17173-1", "MYSTRAN", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "MYSTRAN is a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) processor. MYSTRAN takes NASTRAN data decks as input and processes them to generate results files based on the inputs. NASTRAN was originally developed at NASA GSFC in the 1960's. The input files describe the mechanical nature of some piece of hardware and "], ["software", "GSC-17177-1", "GSC-17177-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) v.R2016a", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) is the worlds only enterprise, multi-mission, open source software system for space mission design, optimization, and navigation. The system supports missions in flight regimes ranging from low Earth orbit to lunar, libration point, and deep space missions. G"], ["software", "GSC-17201-1", "GSC-17201-1", "SpaceWire 2014", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "SpaceWire is a spacecraft communication network based in part on the IEEE 1355 standard of communications. SpaceWire 2014, is an update to fix \"bugs\", improve performance, change the back-end user interface for different embedded applications to the original SpaceWire Link and Switch."], ["software", "GSC-17389-1", "GSC-17389-1", "GLOBE Program's Data Entry App for iOS", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program is a worldwide hands-on, primary and secondary school-based science and education program. The GLOBE Program's Data Entry App for iOS, enables members to enter data to via their iOS devices and when in the field, where t"], ["software", "GSC-17390-1", "GSC-17390-1", "GLOBE Program's Data Entry App for Android", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program is a worldwide hands-on, primary and secondary school-based science and education program. The GLOBE Program's Data Entry App for Android, enables members to enter data to via their Android devices and when in the field,"], ["software", "GSC-17391-1", "GSC-17391-1", "GLOBE Program's Citizen Science Cloud App for iOS", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "GLOBE members currently enter their scientific data using a Data Entry tool on GLOBEs site. The GLOBE Cloud Data Entry App will allow non-GLOBE members and GLOBE members to enter cloud observations into their mobile device and send their observations to the GLOBE database. Users will be able to ente"], ["software", "GSC-17399-1", "GSC-17399-1", "Earthdata Search Web Application", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "Earthdata Search is a web application enabling users to quickly and intuitively discover, search, visualize, and access Earth Science data in a highly visual manner. It interfaces with and demonstrates current state-of-the-art services provided by NASA EOSDIS such as the Common Metadata Repository ("], ["software", "GSC-17452-1", "GSC-17452-1", "Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness (LHASA)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "LHASA was created at Goddard Space Flight Center to identify the potential for rainfall-triggered landslides in real time. LHASA version 2 adopts machine learning to estimate the probability of landslide occurrence at a 30-arcsecond (~1 km) daily resolution. In addition, it estimates the potential e"], ["software", "GSC-17526-1", "GSC-17526-1", "Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS) RAD750 Board Support Package (BSP)", "electronics and electrical power", "GSFC", "The innovation is a board support package that provides a port of the open source Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS) real-time operating system and a full set of hardware drivers for the BAE Systems Inc. RAD750 single board computer."], ["software", "GSC-17537-1", "GSC-17537-1", "core Flight Software (cFS) Stored Command Absolute (SCA) Application", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "This software is a core Flight System (cFS) application that allows a system to be autonomously commanded via files that contain sequences of commands. Each command has a time tag associated with it, permitting the command to be released for distribution over the cFS core Flight Executive (cFE) Soft"], ["software", "GSC-17596-1", "GSC-17596-1", "Network Management and Monitoring System for Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networks", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The Innovation is a software product that allows a user to manage and monitor a challenged network of remote nodes. The software provides users with information regarding the status of nodes, and users are able to send requests to the nodes and receive data back in response. The software provides Ap"], ["software", "GSC-17605-1", "GSC-17605-1", "Hazards and Population Mapper (HazPop) Mobile Application for iOS Platform", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "Hazards and Population Mapper (HazPop) is a free app Developed by the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). The App enables users to easily display recent natural hazard data in relationship to population, major infrastructure, and satellite imagery. Hazards data include the locat"], ["software", "GSC-17610-1", "GSC-17610-1", "Common Metadata Repository", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The Common Metadata Repository (CMR) is a spatial and temporal metadata registry that enables the science community to more easily discover, use, and exchange NASA's data and services. The CMR's main objective is to enable broader use of NASA's Earth observing systems' (EOSDIS) data. It allows users"], ["software", "GSC-17628-1", "GSC-17628-1", "NASA Visualization Explorer (NASA Viz) for Android", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "NASA Visualization Explorer (NASA Viz) is an intuitive interactive Android application and an extension of the NASAViz iPad and iPhone versions*. The application delivers science stories with multimedia content linking high-quality explorable images, descriptive text, visualizations, videos and inte"], ["software", "GSC-17667-1", "GSC-17667-1", "Analysis Software for Cosmic Microwave Background Research", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This is a suite of analysis tools for cosmic microwave background research. It currently consists of an implementation of the pure C_\\ell cosmic microwave background power spectrum estimator. It also includes an implementation of the mode-mixing matrix calculation as described in which allows the pu"], ["software", "GSC-17678-1", "GSC-17678-1", "Sensor Coverage Tool", "operations", "GSFC", "Provides historical and predicted sensor tracking opportunities for objects"], ["software", "GSC-17683-1", "GSC-17683-1", "Maneuver Trade Space", "operations", "GSFC", "The Maneuver Trade Space tool is used to assist in the operational decision making of the propulsive needs vs the time frame for a satellite maneuvering to avoid conjunctions with orbital debris and/or other satellites."], ["software", "GSC-17737-1", "GSC-17737-1", "NASA Operational Simulator for Small Satellites (NOS^3)", "operations", "GSFC", "NOS3 is an open source software only test bed for small satellites. It is a collection of Linux executables and libraries. Current simulations are based on commercial off the shelf (COTS) hardware that is being used on the STF-1 CubeSat. It is intended to easily interface with flight software develo"], ["software", "GSC-17742-1", "GSC-17742-1", "Fortran Template Library (gFTL) for managing collections of objects via software containers.", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "This innovation creates the capability for Fortran software developers to routinely declare and use specialized software containers for arbitrary types of data. The capability is somewhat analogous to that of the C Standard Template Library but with important differences. Although the number of cont"], ["software", "GSC-17778-1", "GSC-17778-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (V. R2016a)", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The GMAT development team is pleased to announce the release of GMAT version R2016a. The General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) is the worlds only enterprise, multi-mission, open source software system for space mission design, optimization, and navigation. The system supports missions in flight regim"], ["software", "GSC-17780-1", "GSC-17780-1", "ICESat-2 Standard Data Products Subsetter", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "This software was designed to subset ICESat-2 Standard Data Products. That is, it reads in a single HDF5 ICESat-2 data granule, and uses rules in a control file to reduce the set of prameters according to the rules in the control file, and writes out the resulting file. The purpose of the software i"], ["software", "GSC-17798-1", "GSC-17798-1", "Perl 6 GraphQL", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "A Perl 6 implementation of the Facebook GraphQL standard query language, described in detail at http://graphql.org/, based on the specification at http://facebook.github.io/graphql/."], ["software", "GSC-17810-1", "GSC-17810-1", "Static Loader Library for Real Time Embedded Systems", "aeronautics", "GSFC", "The Static Loader Library for Real Time Embedded Systems is a small software Library written in the C programming language that is designed to allow individual software components to be linked to a specific memory location and loaded from an embedded file system. It is used as a lightweight replacem"], ["software", "GSC-17824-1", "GSC-17824-1", "DBI::Async, An asynchronous wrapper for the Perl 6 DBIish Database interaction subsystem", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Provides a simple asynchronous API wrapping the existing Perl 6 DBIish Database interaction module. It manages a pool of database handles allocated as needed to perform database queries in a thread-safe manner. It can utilize promises to queue queries that will be performed asynchronously when a dat"], ["software", "GSC-17829-1", "GSC-17829-1", "Perl6 Eredis bindings module", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Perl 6 bindings and modules for interacting with the Eulerian Technologies Eredis library (https://github.com/EulerianTechnologies/eredis) for interacting with the Redis database system."], ["software", "GSC-17847-1", "GSC-17847-1", "Perl6 LibCurl", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "A Perl 6 interface to the C libcurl library (http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl). This module includes Perl 6 nativecall bindings for accessing the functionality in the widely used free and open source libcurl library. It also includes a Perl 6 Object Oriented layer on top the make accessing the library ea"], ["software", "GSC-17900-1", "GSC-17900-1", "Single Covariance Maximum Pc", "operations", "GSFC", "The Single Covariance Maximum Pc Offline Tool estimates the upper bound for probability of collision (Pc) when only one object's covariance information is available. The tool uses a method proposed by Frisbee that incorporates the miss vector and the known covaraince to shape the 2-dimension conjuct"], ["software", "GSC-17917-1", "GSC-17917-1", "Constellation Visualization Tool", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Constellation Visualization Tool (CVT) is a touchscreen interactive software tool, designed to model automated analyses of the Earth Observing System (EOS) Morning and Afternoon Constellations. These displays present data in a meaningful way through interactive visual displays that are intended "], ["software", "GSC-17919-1", "GSC-17919-1", "JWST Backgrounds", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "jwst_backgrounds is a a simple python program to predict the levels of background emission that will appear in in JWST observations, for use in proposal planning. It accesses a precompiled background cache prepared by Wayne Kinzel at STScI, that is already hosted online for JWST users.For an input p"], ["software", "GSC-18012-1", "GSC-18012-1", "The Parallel Fortran Logger (pFlogger)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The innovation is a software logging facility that is tailored to the needs of parallel Fortran software. The facility greatly simplifies the process of logging routine messages within a scientific simulation across multiple processes in a manner that is configurable at run time. Messages can be ann"], ["software", "GSC-18016-1", "GSC-18016-1", "CARA SDK - Two-Dimension Probability of Collision (Pc) Calculation", "operations", "GSFC", "The two-dimension Probability of collision (Pc) calculation module set is one of the Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis (CARA) Software Development Kit (SDK). It implements the calculation of the probability of collision of two satellites given the state estimates and covariances, following the me"], ["software", "GSC-18030-1", "GSC-18030-1", "Perl 6 epoll", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "A simple wrapper exposing the Linux epoll(7) I/O event notification facility within Perl 6."], ["software", "GSC-18031-1", "GSC-18031-1", "Perl 6 DBPg PostgreSQL module", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "PostgreSQL (https://www.postgresql.org) is an Open Source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). It includes a C library (libpq) for interacting with the server over the network (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/libpq.html).This module provides a rich interface to the PostgreSQL lib"], ["software", "GSC-18068-1", "GSC-18068-1", "Conjunction Consequence Assessment", "operations", "GSFC", "Determines both the likelihood of a catastrophic collision and estimates the amount of debris likely to be produced by a particular satellite conjunction should a collision actually occur. Includes methodologies to produce a PDF of reasonable mass values for the secondary object so that the equation"], ["software", "GSC-18072-1", "GSC-18072-1", "Monte Carlo Pc Calculation from TCA (in equinoctial elements)", "operations", "GSFC", "Calculates the probability of collision (Pc) between two conjuncting satellites using a Monte Carlo technique, executing the draws from the propagated states and covariances at the time of closest approach (TCA) between the two satellites. The algorithm begins with the primary and secondary objects "], ["software", "GSC-18094-1", "GSC-18094-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) Version R2018a", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) is the world's only enterprise, multi-mission, open source software system for space mission design, optimization, and navigation. The system supports missions in flight regimes ranging from low Earth orbit to lunar, libration point, and deep spacemissions. G"], ["software", "GSC-18095-1", "GSC-18095-1", "Downloading and reformatting tool for NASA Earth observation data products", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "This R software package (nasaaccess), is expandable.The 'nasaaccess' software package current version processes remote sensing data products (i.e., TRIMM, IMERG, and GLDAS) and creates weather input definition tables as well as stations data files in a format readable by earth science model. The pac"], ["software", "GSC-18111-1", "GSC-18111-1", "Basic Comparison of Python, Julia, Matlab, IDL, R, Java, Scala, Fortran and C", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "We write codes to test the performance of the several computer languages (Python, Julia, Matlab, IDL, R, Java, Scala, Fortran and C). The codes solve simple tasks to test how the different languages handle loops, vectorization, multiprocessing, array manipulation, reading collections of files, etc. "], ["software", "GSC-18115-1", "GSC-18115-1", "Core Flight System Simulink Interface Layer", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Simulink Interface Layer (SIL) is a software abstraction layer which allows the interfacing of task/mission-specific code generated from Simulink (or other sources) to the Core Flight System (cFS) via a generic set of wrapper code. The SIL enables direct integration of code from the Simulink aut"], ["software", "GSC-18128-1", "GSC-18128-1", "Core Flight Executive Version 6.7", "aeronautics", "GSFC", "The Core Flight Executive (cFE) is a software framework designed for use on embedded systems. The cFE defines an Application Programmer Interface (API) to the following services: Software Bus, Time Services, Event Services, Executive Services, Table Services, and File Services. The cFE defines a por"], ["software", "GSC-18159-1", "GSC-18159-1", "Fortran Argument Parser", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The Fortran Argument Parser is a software package to simplify handling of command line arguments from within Fortran programs. The design is largely based upon a similar package in Python called argParser. These tools allow developers to specify expected command line arguments and associate each arg"], ["software", "GSC-18169-1", "GSC-18169-1", "Mixed Reality Engineering Toolkit (MRET)", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "Create Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR) tools for integrating spacecraft designs and real-time mission telemetry for multiple domains over a mission lifecycle:Pre-phase A concept design Hardware integration & test planning and executionTele-robotic operations"], ["software", "GSC-18186-1", "GSC-18186-1", "libbrace", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "C/C++ library for performing shell style brace expansions."], ["software", "GSC-18208-1", "GSC-18208-1", "PointClouds VR", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Visualizes and manipulates point clouds from multiple scientific domains in virtual reality, including time-dependent point clouds. Point clouds can be colored by reflectance, natural color, elevation, or even mapping hyperspectral data to color channels. It can animate points forwards and backwards"], ["software", "GSC-18229-1", "GSC-18229-1", "Puppet Module Master", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "This is a Puppet change management module that covers a very wide range of configurations across Debian, SLES, and CentOS/RedHat that can be used as a core to automatically build and configure systems to a simple YAML specification."], ["software", "GSC-18241-1", "GSC-18241-1", "Perl 6 Libarchive, Interface to libarchive multi-format archive and compression library", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Provides a Perl 6 interface to the widely used libarchive (https://libarchive.org) multi-format archive and compression library.The functionality is supplied by the underlying library. This module just provides a very easy to use high-level interface to that existing functionality."], ["software", "GSC-18318-1", "GSC-18318-1", "The Bundle Protocol Library", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The Bundle Protocol Library (bplib) implements a subset of the RFC5050 Bundle Protocol necessary for embedded space flight applications. The library uses the concept of a bundle channel to manage the process of encapsulating application data in bundles, and extracting application data out of bundles"], ["software", "GSC-18322-1", "GSC-18322-1", "Heat Analysis Manager (HAM), a Thermal Desktop API Based Heat Map Generation Software", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Thermal engineers often create custom heat maps to analyze their thermal models. However, generating a heat map is difficult because thermal simulations only readily provide certain attributes of simulated nodes, such as temperature, capacitance, and heat generation, along with a network of conducta"], ["software", "GSC-18331-1", "GSC-18331-1", "The Bundle Protocol Core Flight System Application (BP)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The BP cFS application uses the Bundle Protocol Library (bplib) to implement Delay Tolerant Networking. The applicationtargets the cFE 6.5 release and provides out of the box integration with the cFS CFDP application (CF), and a POSIXcompliant file system when provided. The implementation conforms t"], ["software", "GSC-18370-1", "GSC-18370-1", "Operating System Abstraction Layer", "aeronautics", "GSFC", "The OS Abstraction Layer (OSAL) project is a small software library that isolates embedded software from the underlying operating system. The OSAL does this by providing an Application Program Interface (API) to an abstract real time operating system. The OSAL then provides implementations of this A"], ["software", "GSC-18375-1", "GSC-18375-1", "Second Generation Beacon Performance Analysis Test Tools", "crew and life support", "GSFC", "NASA is building Spread Spectrum Second Generation Beacons (SGB) intended to comply with all Cospas-Sarsat T.018 requirements. NASA has built a set of test tools to evaluate the performance of the SGB. The tools use Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to analyze the transmit characteristics and demodula"], ["software", "GSC-18396-1", "GSC-18396-1", "core Flight Software (cFS) Software Bus Network Client", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Software Bus Network Client communicates with the core Flight System (cFS) Software Bus Network (SBN) application. Its main purpose it to facilitate two-way communication from the cFS Software Bus service to an external application (i.e. an application that is not a child task of cFS). It implem"], ["software", "GSC-18399-1", "GSC-18399-1", "Trade-space Analysis Tool for designing Constellations (TAT-C) - Version 2.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "Trade-space Analysis Tool for designing Constellations (TAT-C) - Version 2.0"], ["software", "GSC-18408-1", "GSC-18408-1", "Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) V3.0", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has developed the capability to provide high-accuracy orbit and time autonomously onboard NASA spacecraft. The GSFC Mission Engineering and Systems Analysis Division has implemented NASA-developed navigation "], ["software", "GSC-18448-1", "GSC-18448-1", "cFS Data Storage (DS) application version 2.5.2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Data Storage (DS) application is one of the reusable applications that is used with the Core Flight System (cFS) framework. DS manages the storing of data on-board a spacecraft for later transmission to the ground."], ["software", "GSC-18449-1", "GSC-18449-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Housekeeping (HK) Application version 2.4.2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Housekeeping (HK) application is one of the reusable applications that can be used with the Core Flight System (cFS) framework. HK provides the capability to take pieces of data from multiple messages and create a new message. This is very important for bandwidth constrained missions."], ["software", "GSC-18450-1", "GSC-18450-1", "Core Flight Software System (CFS) Memory Dwell Application Version 2.3.2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Memory Dwell application (MD) is a core Flight System (cFS) application that is a plug in to the Core Flight Executive (cFE) component of the cFS. The MD application monitors memory addresses accessed by the CPU."], ["software", "GSC-18459-1", "GSC-18459-1", "Evolutionary Mission Trajectory Generator (EMTG) v9", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Evolutionary Mission Trajectory Generator (EMTG) version 9 is a scalable-fidelity optimization package for spacetrajectory design. EMTGv9 is suitable for trade studies, sensitivity analysis, and serves as an initial guess generator for aflight fidelity tool. EMTGv9 can design missions using high"], ["software", "GSC-18475-1", "GSC-18475-1", "Core Flight Software System (CFS) File Manager Application Version 2.5.3", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The File Manager application (FM) is a core Flight System (cFS) application that is a plug in to the Core Flight Executive (cFE) component of the cFS. The FM application provides onboard file system management services by processing ground commands for copying, moving, and renaming files, decompress"], ["software", "GSC-18476-1", "GSC-18476-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Health & Safety (HS) Application version 2.3.2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Health and Safety application (HS) is a core Flight System (cFS) application that is a plug in to the Core Flight Executive (cFE) component of the cFS. The HS application provides functionality for Application Monitoring, Event Monitoring, Hardware Watchdog Servicing, Execution Counter Reporting"], ["software", "GSC-18546-1", "GSC-18546-1", "SWPC CAT Web Tool", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "The SWPC CME Analysis Tool Web (SWPC-CAT-Web) tool is an online version of the original SWPC CME Analysis (SWPC-CAT) Tool that was written in IDL. The SWPC CAT Web tool is developed by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at GSFC. The original SWPC CAT tool is developed by the NOAA Space"], ["software", "GSC-18591-1", "GSC-18591-1", "Oversight", "operations", "GSFC", "A Splunk Application solution for aggregated hardware and software asset inventory. The application: identifies all hosts on the network, reports on host compliance status, and tracks for gaps in monitoring tools."], ["software", "GSC-18593-1", "GSC-18593-1", "3D-Nc: Expected Collision Rates for Tracked Satellites", "operations", "GSFC", "The NASA Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis (CARA) team has recently developed new algorithms and software to estimate collision rates and probabilities between Earth-orbiting satellites. The formulation entitled Expected Collision Rates for Tracked Satellites provides an innovative method to esti"], ["software", "GSC-18595-1", "GSC-18595-1", "Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness (LHASA) version 2.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "In order to advance LHASAs capabilities to characterize landslide hazards and impactsdynamically, we have implemented a new approach that leverages machine learning, newparameters, and new inventories. LHASA 2.0 uses the XGBoost machine learning model to bring indynamic variables as well as addition"], ["software", "GSC-18602-1", "GSC-18602-1", "Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) v2.0", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) framework/platform advances NASA engineering and scientific efforts byleveraging industry advances in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology to use NASA data and tools in new and innovative ways. MRET provides cross-domain, mission lif"], ["software", "GSC-18655-1", "GSC-18655-1", "Satellite State Estimate Covariance Realism Evaluation", "operations", "GSFC", "This software tool ingests position residuals between predicted and as-flown ephemerides, as well as associated covariances, and performs a number of statistical tests to determine whether the predicted covariance is a realistic description of actual state errors."], ["software", "GSC-18656-1", "GSC-18656-1", "exoscene", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "Exoscene is a Python software library of classes and utility functions for simulating direct images of exoplanetary systems. Exoscene can model the orbital position and Lambert sphere phase function of an exoplanet based on its user-defined Keplerian orbit and observing date (or series of observing "], ["software", "GSC-18662-1", "GSC-18662-1", "Memory Manager Application version 2.4.2", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Memory Manager (MM) application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (cFS). MM is responsible for the loading and dumping of flight system memory which can be a very useful tool when trying to diagnose a failure. Memory manager provides the ability to load and "], ["software", "GSC-18694-1", "GSC-18694-1", "dorado-scheduling", "operations", "GSFC", "Dorado is a proposed space mission for ultraviolet follow-up of gravitational wave events. This repository contains a simple target of opportunity observation planner for Dorado.Features:* Global: jointly and globally solves the problems of tiling (the set of telescope boresight orientations and rol"], ["software", "GSC-18702-1", "GSC-18702-1", "Stored Command Application version 3.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Stored Command (SC) application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (cFS). SC provides an onboard scripting feature. SC version 3.0 is modification of the existing application, but includes a breaking change that will prevent existing tables from being used wi"], ["software", "GSC-18703-1", "GSC-18703-1", "dorado-sensitivity", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Dorado is a proposed space mission for ultraviolet follow-up of gravitational wave events. This repository contains a simple sensitivity and exposure time calculator for Dorado."], ["software", "GSC-18719-1", "GSC-18719-1", "cFS Framework", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The core Flight System (cFS) is the first and only community-developed, reusable, platform-independent embedded software framework. cFS enables embedded software engineers to innovate and quickly transition from concept to implementation through a carefully designed layered architecture that isolate"], ["software", "GSC-18753-1", "GSC-18753-1", "Goddard Mission Services Evolution Center (GMSEC) Application Programming Interface (API) 4.8", "operations", "GSFC", "The open-source GMSEC API allow software components to connect to a middleware messaging bus, that in turn, is responsible for message routing and delivery. The API and middleware combine to free the components from having to know where other components exist and what data they need. The API combine"], ["software", "GSC-18758-1", "GSC-18758-1", "Goddard Image Analysis and Navigation Tool (GIANT)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "The Goddard Image Analysis and Navigation Tool (GIANT) is an API for performing various kinds of optical navigation (OpNav) through python scripts. It provides the necessary tools for the most common OpNav tasks, including geometric camera calibration, camera attitude estimation, target center findi"], ["software", "GSC-18784-1", "GSC-18784-1", "Orbit Determination Toolbox R2020a (v8.1)", "system testing", "GSFC", "The Orbit Determination Toolbox (ODTBX) R2020a (v8.1) is an advanced mission simulation and analysis tool used for concept exploration, proposal, early design phase, or rapid design center environments; the emphasis is on flexibility but it has enough fidelity to produce credible results. ODTBX v8.1"], ["software", "GSC-18815-1", "GSC-18815-1", "dorado-streamlit", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "This repository contains observer web tools for the Dorado mission, including an interactive exposure time calculator. It is built using Streamlit, a framework for easily turning Python code into interactive data-driven web apps."], ["software", "GSC-18816-1", "GSC-18816-1", "radbelt: Astropy-friendly wrapper for the AE-8/AP-8 Van Allen belt model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "This is small Python library to model the fluxes of charged particles trapped in the Van Allen belt. It provides a fast, simple, and convenient Python interface to the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model and NASA's AE-8/AP-8 models of electron and proton fluxes, which are both imp"], ["software", "GSC-18847-1", "GSC-18847-1", "Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) 2021", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) framework/platform advances NASA engineering and scientific efforts by leveraging industry advances in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology to use NASA data and tools in new and innovative ways. MRET provides cross-domain, mission li"], ["software", "GSC-18848-1", "GSC-18848-1", "Constellation Light Pollution Evaluation Software", "operations", "GSFC", "The Evaluate Constellation software uses a semi-empirical method to estimate the statistically expected number of brighter-than-recommended constellation satellites above a representative, low-latitude ground-based observer -- a single metric that simultaneously incorporates the effects of constella"], ["software", "GSC-18900-1", "GSC-18900-1", "A convenient and flexible satellite data spatial-temporal collocation system", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Data collocation is often a critical initial step in many remote sensing applications to fuse data from multiple instruments. Here we are intent on providing users a convenient and flexible approach to collocate data from arbitrary sensors and/or platforms based on their own requirements."], ["software", "GSC-18907-1", "GSC-18907-1", "Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) 2021.3", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) framework/platform advances NASA engineering and scientific efforts by leveraging industry advances in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology to use NASA data and tools in new and innovative ways. MRET provides cross-domain, mission li"], ["software", "GSC-18917-1", "GSC-18917-1", "cFS Data Storage (DS) application version 2.6.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Data Storage (DS) application is one of the reusable applications that is used with the Core Flight System (cFS) framework. DS manages the storing of data on-board a spacecraft for later transmission to the ground."], ["software", "GSC-18918-1", "GSC-18918-1", "Core Flight Software System (CFS) File Manager Application Version 2.6.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The File Manager (FM) application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (cFS). FM provides the user interface to the on-board file system."], ["software", "GSC-18919-1", "GSC-18919-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Housekeeping (HK) Application version 2.5.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Housekeeping (HK) application is one of the reusable applications that can be used with the Core Flight System (cFS) framework. HK provides the capability to take pieces of data from multiple messages and create a new message. This is very important for bandwidth constrained missions."], ["software", "GSC-18920-1", "GSC-18920-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Health & Safety (HS) Application version 2.4.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Health and Safety (HS)application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight Software System (cFS). HS monitors the health of the flight software system."], ["software", "GSC-18921-1", "GSC-18921-1", "cFS Limit Checker Application version 2.2.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Limit Checker application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System(CFS). Limit Checker monitors telemetry data points in the flight system and compares the values against predefined or computed threshold limits. When a threshold condition is encountered, an event m"], ["software", "GSC-18922-1", "GSC-18922-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Memory Dwell Application Version 2.4.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Memory Dwell (MD) application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (cFS). MD provides the capability of dwelling on an address or range of addresses on a flight system which can be very useful tool when trying to diagnose a failure. If the Operating system supp"], ["software", "GSC-18923-1", "GSC-18923-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Memory Manager Application version 2.5.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Memory Manager (MM) application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (cFS). MM is responsible for the loading and dumping of flight system memory which can be a very useful tool when trying to diagnose a failure. Memory manager provides the ability to load and "], ["software", "GSC-18924-1", "GSC-18924-1", "Core Flight System (cFS) Stored Command Application version 3.1.0", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The Stored Command (SC) application is one of the reusable applications that make up the Core Flight System (cFS). SC provides an onboard scripting feature."], ["software", "GSC-18985-1", "GSC-18985-1", "Pan Galactic Engineering Framework, 3.0", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Pan Galactic Engineering Framework provides a desktop client with a network interface and a network-accessible repository service that together implement a collaborative Model-Based Engineering (MBE) capability. Its initial implementation goal is to support a concurrent conceptual design process"], ["software", "GSC-19020-1", "GSC-19020-1", "A deep learning software package for cloud and aerosol classification from multi-satellite data", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Classifying cloud and aerosol types from passive sensors is an important application in satellite remote sensing due to its wide spatial coverage. Here, we provide an end-to-end deep learning based domain adaptation approach to learn domain/sensor-invariant feature representation to classify cloud a"], ["software", "GSC-19027-1", "GSC-19027-1", "EventRate: Algorithm and Software to Estimate Serious Conjunction Rates for Earth-orbiting Satellites", "operations", "GSFC", "The EventRate algorithm and software estimates the rates at which proposed Earth-orbiting satellites can expect to experience serious conjunctions. Serious conjunctions are close-approach events with other satellites that have collision probability (Pc) values exceeding a threshold (e.g., Pc > 1e-4)"], ["software", "GSC-19050-1", "GSC-19050-1", "Container Resource Allocation Manager (CRAM)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "CRAM is a protocol and reference implementation for describing a job to be executed on a compute cluster along with all information needed for execution of the job, prioritization of the job, and resource requirements of the job. It also defines an application programming interface (API) for interac"], ["software", "GSC-19090-1", "GSC-19090-1", "Goddard Mission Services Evolution Center (GMSEC) Application Programming Interface (API) 5.2", "operations", "GSFC", "Note 1 for GMSEC API 5.2 This software release contains enhancements to previous releases of the GMSEC API, including the following: a streamlined interface, auto-generation of message subjects, enhanced message validation, and support for Apache Artemis message queuing.Note 2 for GMSEC API 5.0 Prev"], ["software", "GSC-19094-1", "GSC-19094-1", "Advanced Spacecraft Integration & System Test software (ASIST) 23", "operations", "GSFC", "ASIST is a real-time command and control system that provides an environment for the development, integration, testing, and on-orbit operation of spacecrafts, their component subsystems and instruments, and external control and support equipment. This NTR is an addendum to the NTR filed for ASIST 22"], ["software", "GSC-19097-1", "GSC-19097-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) Version R2022a", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) is the world's only enterprise, multi-mission, open source software system for space mission design, optimization, and navigation. The system supports missions in flight regimes ranging from low Earth orbit to lunar, libration point, and deep space missions. "], ["software", "GSC-19102-1", "GSC-19102-1", "Goddard Mission Services Evolution Center (GMSEC) Suite – Fall 2022", "operations", "GSFC", "The Goddard Mission Services Evolution Center (GMSEC) 5.3 software includes the GMSEC Application Programming Interface (API) along with software applications that enable the automation, situational awareness and verification of ground data systems for space flight missions. The GMSEC software lever"], ["software", "GSC-19106-1", "GSC-19106-1", "Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) 2022", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) framework/platform advances NASA engineering and scientific efforts by leveraging industry advances in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology to use NASA data and tools in new and innovative ways. MRET provides cross-domain, mission li"], ["software", "GSC-19108-1", "GSC-19108-1", "A deep learning software package for 3-D cloud microphysical and optical property retrieval", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Retrieving cloud microphysics or optical properties from cloud reflectance is an important problem. We develop a deep learning based approaches to solve this problem."], ["software", "GSC-19110-1", "GSC-19110-1", "gigatraj - an atmospheric trajectory model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "Gigatraj is software that implements an atmospheric trajectory model. Gigatraj is intended for use by atmospheric scientists studying the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.It is written in C++, with a set of classes that allow for users to select data sources, interpolation methods, integrati"], ["software", "GSC-19143-1", "GSC-19143-1", "CCMC CAMEL Validation Skill Scores Library", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "CCMC Validation Skill Scores Library is part of the overall CAMEL framework. The library of skill score calculation is used for calcuting various types of skill scores with the purpose of comparing observation data with model output within the heliophysics community."], ["software", "GSC-19152-1", "GSC-19152-1", "Metadata Extract and Access Database (MEAD)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Defines a protocol for inserting and querying metadata from multiple database sources to aide in data discovery when performing data processing. It also defines an application programming interface (API) for interacting with a simple reference implementation of the protocol to demonstrate its usage."], ["software", "GSC-19159-1", "GSC-19159-1", "Pinpoint", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Pinpoint is a utility to generalize the location of data. This allows for the storage infrastructure to morph over time and utilize new technologies while data access for users remains consistent."], ["software", "GSC-19165-1", "GSC-19165-1", "The On-Board Artificial Intelligence Research (OnAIR) Platform", "vehicle management space air ground", "GSFC", "The On-board Artificial Intelligence Research (OnAIR) Platform is a software framework that enables researchers to experiment with artificial intelligence algorithms in a simulated flight software environment. OnAIR integrates with NASA's open source core Flight System (cFS): OnAIR is launched as a "], ["software", "GSC-19205-1", "GSC-19205-1", "General Coordinates Network", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The General Coordinates Network (GCN) is a public collaboration platform run by NASA for the astronomy research community to share alerts and rapid communications about high-energy, multimessenger, and transient phenomena. GCN distributes alerts between space- and ground-based observatories, physics"], ["software", "GSC-19228-1", "GSC-19228-1", "FEDS 13.4.3", "operations", "GSFC", "The Front End Data System (FEDS) is a gateway between the user and the spacecraft. It decodes and interprets incoming spacecraft telemetry frames, extracting telemetry packets and delivering them to a number of client machines attached via Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). It"], ["software", "GSC-19237-1", "GSC-19237-1", "Software Reader for the Copernicus Global 90m Digital Elevation Model (DEM)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The software uses command line input of the latitude and longitude geographic coordinates, accesses the Copernicus Global (GLO) 90 m digital elevation model (DEM) cloud optimized GeoTIFF data available within the AWS Cloud, processes these files to geolocate the pixel closest to the provided coordin"], ["software", "GSC-19268-1", "GSC-19268-1", "Matlab Classes implementing the Geometric Algebra G(3,0,1) for homogeneous transformations of 3D rigid bodies in 4D projective space, primarily based on Lengyel's convention.", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "A collection of Matlab classes implementing the Geometric Algebra G(3,0,1) for homogeneous transformations of 3D rigid bodies in 4D projective space, primarily based on Lengyal's conventions, as described here:https://projectivegeometricalgebra.org/https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/"], ["software", "GSC-19299-1", "GSC-19299-1", "exoVista: Planetary System Generator for Exoplanet Studies", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "exoVista is scientific software that allows users to generate fictitious planetary systems around nearby stars. These modeled systems contain the stellar spectra as a function of time, planetary spectra and positions as a function of time, and synthetic images of modeled exozodiacal disks as a funct"], ["software", "GSC-19327-1", "GSC-19327-1", "Space geodesy data analysis software suite", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Space geodesy data analysis software suite (SGDASS) is a collectionof software programs with the primary goal of analysis of verylong baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations."], ["software", "GSC-19332-1", "GSC-19332-1", "Satellite Precipitation Estimate Error Detector (SPEEDe)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "SPEEDe is an anomaly detection scheme for quality control of satellite precipitation data. It can identify precipitation fields with unphysical data outside the expected range of performance because of instrument malfunction, incorrect data handling, and/or algorithm issues. SPEEDe is a machine lear"], ["software", "GSC-19346-1", "GSC-19346-1", "Open Kloud Apt Package Interface (OKAPI)", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "OKAPI is a lightweight layer on top of package management repositories. Its purpose is to serialize adding new packages to an s3 package repository and to ensure the user making requests is authorized."], ["software", "GSC-19352-1", "GSC-19352-1", "ITOS 2024.08", "operations", "GSFC", "ITOS is a suite of software applications that allow the user to command and telemeter a satellite. Its main functionality is to process, display, store and monitor telemetry, and to generate telecommands. Its key capabilities include closed-loop Telemetry and a Command Simulator. ITOS is the core el"], ["software", "GSC-19374-1", "GSC-19374-1", "Advanced Satellite Conjunction Risk Assessment Methods", "operations", "GSFC", "The two-dimensional probability of collision calculation method is both widely used and computationally efficient. However, Monte Carlo simulations show that this method sometimes fails to provide sufficiently accurate estimates for Earth-orbiting satellites. This software provides a multistep algor"], ["software", "GSC-19380-1", "GSC-19380-1", "Evolutionary Mission Trajectory Generator (EMTG) v9.02", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The Evolutionary Mission Trajectory Generator (EMTG) version 9.02 is a scalable-fidelity optimization package for space trajectory design. EMTGv9 is suitable for trade studies, sensitivity analysis, and serves as an initial guess generator for a flight fidelity tool. EMTG can design missions using h"], ["software", "GSC-19381-1", "GSC-19381-1", "Goddard Image Analysis and Navigation Tool", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "The Goddard Image Analysis and Navigation Tool (GIANT) is an optical navigation (OpNav) tool suite for generating precision navigation products from images for use in orbit determination (OD) tools. Optical Navigation measurements provide highly accurate relative information between a spacecraft and"], ["software", "GSC-19382-1", "GSC-19382-1", "cFS Goddard Image Analysis and Navigation Tool (cGIANT)", "data and image processing", "GSFC", "Optical navigation (OpNav) is a technique whereby cameras (both monocular and 3D) are used to generate relative navigation measurements between an observed object and the camera. These relative measurements are very powerful for navigation purposes, especially when navigating with respect to the obj"], ["software", "GSC-19383-1", "GSC-19383-1", "ngc_trn (autoNGC Terrain Relative Navigation Application)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "Terrain relative navigation is a technique where observations of natural terrain using a camera is used to help navigate a spacecraft with respect to the observed terrain. In the autonomous navigation, guidance, and control system (autoNGC), this process is performed using ngc_trn, a core Flight Sys"], ["software", "GSC-19385-1", "GSC-19385-1", "Ephemeris Library (autoNGC library for managing ephemerides, covariance information, and attitude information)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The ephemeris library provides functionality for storing and querying historical, current, and future ephemeris, covariance, and attitude information. It is implemented as a flight software library capable of running within the core flight system (cFS) as part of the autonomous guidance, navigation "], ["software", "GSC-19386-1", "GSC-19386-1", "ngc_ephem (autoNGC cFS Interface to Ephemeris Library)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "ngc_ephem serves as an interface layer for the Ephemeris library using the cFS message bus. It also enables initial configuration of the library."], ["software", "GSC-19390-1", "GSC-19390-1", "SI_Cam (autoNGC Camera Sensor Ingest Application)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The autoNGC Sensor Ingest - Camera (SI_Cam) application is an app for the cFS flight software framework that enables autoNGC to interface with either a hardware or software-simulated camera."], ["software", "GSC-19392-1", "GSC-19392-1", "SI_GPS (autoNGC GPS Sensor Ingest Application)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The autoNGC Sensor Ingest - GPS (SI_GPS) application is an app for the cFS flight software framework that enables autoNGC to interface with either a hardware or software-simulated GPS receiver."], ["software", "GSC-19398-1", "GSC-19398-1", "autoNGC/cFS Interface for the GEONS Navigation Filter (ngc_geons)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The autoNGC/cFS Interface for GEONS (ngc_geons) allows the Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) software library to be used with the autonomous Navigation, Guidance and Control (autoNGC) flight software system through an app for the core Flight System (cFS)."], ["software", "GSC-19406-1", "GSC-19406-1", "Oceandata Jupyter Notebook Tutorials", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The Ocean Ecology Lab (NASA/GSFC/OEL) develops computational notebooks that demonstrate the access and use of data products from the Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC). Notebooks are files containing code and computational results (including data visualizations) saved in the J"], ["software", "GSC-19409-1", "GSC-19409-1", "autoNGC Ephemeris Prediction Application (ngc_predict)", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The autoNGC Ephemeris Prediction app provides the capability to propagate the current state and covariance of a spacecraft to predict the future state of the spacecraft."], ["software", "GSC-19420-1", "GSC-19420-1", "AGATE Simulation Framework", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "AGATE is a finite-volume scheme framework capable of solving the Hall and CGL (with pressure anisotropy) magnetohydrodynamics equations on multiple distributed processors compatible with both CPUs and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The code itself is written in Python and utilizes several open-so"], ["software", "GSC-19432-1", "GSC-19432-1", "Baboon", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "Billions And Billions of Objects Organized Neatly (Baboon) is a POSIX compatible file system layer for accessing data in object storage such as S3 or RADOS."], ["software", "GSC-19433-1", "GSC-19433-1", "autoNGC Safe GEONS Library", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The autoNGC Safe GEONS Library resolves thread safety conditions in flight software that leverages the Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS)."], ["software", "GSC-19437-1", "GSC-19437-1", "autoNGC cFS Read-Write Lock Library", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The autoNGC cFS Read/Write Lock Library provides an implementation of a read/write lock supporting multiple readers but only a single writer for parallel synchronization of apps using a common resource."], ["software", "GSC-19461-1", "GSC-19461-1", "The Polar Wind Outflow Model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GSFC", "The Polar Wind Outflow Model (PWOM), solves for the transport of plasma from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere for a planetary system. It can be configured to solve for the gyrotropic fluid equations at all altitudes, or to switch to a kinetic particle-in-cell approach at high altitudes. It can so"], ["software", "GSC-19468-1", "GSC-19468-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) Version R2025a", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) is the world's only enterprise, multi-mission, open source software system for space mission design, optimization, and navigation. The system supports missions in flight regimes ranging from low Earth orbit to lunar, libration point, and deep space missions. "], ["software", "GSC-19469-1", "GSC-19469-1", "Astrophysics Cross-Observatory Science Support (ACROSS) System", "data servers processing and handling", "GSFC", "The Astrophysics Cross-Observatory Science Support (ACROSS) system facilitates coordination among multiple astrophysics observatories. The system ingests, normalizes and provides a single point of access to publicly available but siloed NASA mission state and status information (e.g. mission observa"], ["software", "GSC-19475-1", "GSC-19475-1", "Mixed Reality Exploration Toolkit (MRET) 2024", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "This is an update to a previously released open source version of MRET (GSC-18907-1)Desktop/Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR) Software to rapidly build XR environments for NASA domain problems, e.g., pulling in CAD models of thermal vac chamber and Roman Space Telescope to do fit checks- C"], ["software", "GSC-19476-1", "GSC-19476-1", "Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) V3.1", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) is an enterprise, multi-mission, flight software library with associated tools that provides high-accuracy solutions for spacecraft position, velocity, and time. GEONS can be used for onboard autonomous navigation, ground-based operational navigatio"], ["software", "GSC-19490-1", "GSC-19490-1", "Advanced Spacecraft Integration & System Test software (ASIST) 24.0", "operations", "GSFC", "ASIST is a real-time command and control system that provides an environment for the development, integration, testing, and on-orbit operation of spacecrafts, their component subsystems and instruments, and external control and support equipment."], ["software", "GSC-19559-1", "GSC-19559-1", "Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) Bundle Protocol (BP) v7 Core Flight System (cFS) Application Build 7.0.5.", "autonomous systems", "GSFC", "The BP Core Flight System (cFS) application uses the Bundle Protocol Library (bplib) to implement Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking Bundle Protocol (BP) version 7. The application runs on the Core Flight Executive (cFE) and provides out of the box integration with the cFS CFDP application (CF). T"], ["software", "GSC-19575-1", "GSC-19575-1", "Front End Data System (FEDS) Version 14.0", "operations", "GSFC", "The Front End Data System (FEDS) is a gateway between the user and the spacecraft. It decodes and interprets incoming spacecraft telemetry frames, extracting telemetry packets and delivering them to a number of client machines attached via Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). It"], ["software", "GSC-19625-1", "GSC-19625-1", "Integrated Test and Operations System (ITOS) 2026.02", "operations", "GSFC", "Integrated Test and Operations System (ITOS) is a comprehensive telemetry and command (T&C) solution for spacecraft, component, and instrument development, integration, test, and mission operations. It is highly user-configurable, and provides a scalable, cost-effective platform for small-budget pro"], ["software", "GSC-19640-1", "GSC-19640-1", "General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) Version R2026", "design and integration tools", "GSFC", "The General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) is the world's only enterprise, multi-mission, open source software system for space missiondesign, optimization, and navigation. The system supports missions in flight regimes ranging from low Earth orbit to lunar, libration point, and deep space missions. G"], ["software", "HQN-11886-1", "HQN-11886-1", "NASA Instrument Cost Model (NICM) Version 10", "business systems and project management", "HDQS", "NICM is a probabilistic cost and schedule estimating tool. NICM has proven instrument cost and schedule modeling capabilities that provide probabilistic estimates at both the system and subsystem level for many different instrument types. NICM is used by all NASA centers to support agency-wide propo"], ["software", "KSC-12253", "KSC-12253", "Solenoid Inductance Calculator", "electronics and electrical power", "KSC", "The Solenoid Inductance Calculator can be used to compute the inductance approximation of a cylindrical solenoid of arbitrary dimensions. The technology's calculation method (1) uses magnetic vector potential to provide a more precise estimate of inductance and (2) is not limited to a specific range"], ["software", "KSC-12269", "KSC-12269", "NASA UNIX Tool Kit", "data servers processing and handling", "KSC", "The NASA UNIX Tool Kit contains three components that all work together to form a single technology for UNIX administration: (1) Secure, Web-Based UNIX System Administration Tools (KSC-12269) ease the administration of a large, distributed UNIX system, providing a secure mechanism for creating, modi"], ["software", "KSC-12544", "KSC-12544", "MATLAB-Based Solar System Ephemeris Toolbox", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "KSC", "This set of MATLAB functions has been used to generate state data (position and velocity) for the Sun, the Earth's moon, and all of the other planets in the solar system. Provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Solar System Dynamics Group, the technology uses Chebychev polynomial fits of numeric"], ["software", "KSC-12952", "KSC-12952", "3D-Mapping Software for High Resolution Display of Hail and Rain Data From NWS Radar", "data and image processing", "KSC", "A three-dimensional high resolution mapping of hail, as well as rain, is desirable in many instances. For example, hail mapping in the vicinity of a vehicle on the launch pad would help determine whether or not damage may have occurred due to a hail event. In addition to quantifying the size and qua"], ["software", "KSC-13203", "KSC-13203", "Analog Input Data Acquisition Software", "data servers processing and handling", "KSC", "With the easy-to-use Analog Input Data Acquisition Software, a user can set up a system for monitoring up to five analog input channels. The software requires LabVIEW runtime engine 8.0 (a free download from ni.com) to run the executable."], ["software", "KSC-13561", "KSC-13561", "Thermal Insulation System Analysis Tool (TISTool)", "operations", "KSC", "The Thermal Insulation System Analysis Tool has been updated with more test data from the Cryogenics Test Laboratory and has been converted to Fortran 95 to allow for easier distribution."], ["software", "KSC-13752", "KSC-13752", "An LED Lighting Panel Software Simulation Tool", "crew and life support", "KSC", "The software tool was originally designed and implemented for use with the Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS) lighting panel upgrade. The upgrade was required since the LEDs used in the original design are no longer available in small quantity, and newer LEDs have a much higher efficiency. E"], ["software", "KSC-13772", "KSC-13772", "Inspire Connect Explore (ICE)", "operations", "KSC", "The Inspire Connect Explore (ICE) application is an inspiration tool utilized by the Education and External Relations organization to increase STEM participation. In addition to static content such as biographies and career information, the website allows dynamic (approved) content where students ma"], ["software", "KSC-13775", "KSC-13775", "DON 3.1 - The Distributed Observer Network 3.1", "data and image processing", "KSC", "Distributed Observer Network 3 (DON3) is the innovation combination of NASA simulation technologies, NASA information technologies and commercial video game technology to provide a unique system that leverages the strengths of all three. A key component of the innovation is a standardized data inter"], ["software", "KSC-13800", "KSC-13800", "Particle Trajectory With Shepard's Interpolation for Raindrops", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "KSC", "A particle trajectory model, Particle Trajectory with Qshep interpolation (PTQ), was previously developed to describe the path of rocket plume ejected particles on the lunar surface, predicting the distance particles travel and their impact velocities. A modification of PTQ was made to support the s"], ["software", "KSC-13923", "KSC-13923", "Web Application: Ground Hardware Management Tool", "operations", "KSC", "The Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) Program requires a web-based application to effectively manage and coordinate the various components of ground support equipment (GSE) used at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) throughout the spacecraft and launch vehicle processing and integration flow,"], ["software", "KSC-13968", "KSC-13968", "Kennedy Action Tracking System (KATS)", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "In the KATS application, a method of abstraction was used to in a foundational website platform that liberated the developers from the concern of having to manually generate Entity Framework calls to interact with the data layer of the application. This abstraction method/layer provided the ground w"], ["software", "KSC-13984", "KSC-13984", "Authorization Services (Authos)", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "Authorization services (Authos) provides a suite of tools to authorize access to client applications. This includes application services and an end-user configuration module."], ["software", "KSC-13991", "KSC-13991", "eInfo Services (EIS)", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "eInfo is a web-service used to provide employee information to web-applications. In some contexts, web-application development requires the retrieval and use of specific employee information.. As each web-application may not be authored by the same development personnel and the support/maintenance o"], ["software", "KSC-13992", "KSC-13992", "Application Information Logging Services (AILS)", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "Application Information Logging Services (AILS) is a series of services that allow applications to log application events using a centralized set of services. Additionally administrative and report functions are available to configure the application as well as to view the logs."], ["software", "KSC-14010", "KSC-14010", "Virtual Environment Computational Training Resource (VECTR)", "design and integration tools", "KSC", "VECTR (Virtual Environment Computational Training Resource) is a virtual reality platform, built with commercial off-the-shelf hardware, designed to augment the training process for various operations at KSC. VECTR utilizes existing virtual reality hardware and real-time game engine software to crea"], ["software", "KSC-14027", "KSC-14027", "Photogrammetry Pyramid", "data and image processing", "KSC", "The Photogrammetry Pyramid software is a 3D photogrammetry Windows application intended to support the use of a stand-alone reference target system. The software requires images from two or more camera views. For static scenes, a single camera can be used by taking pictures from different viewpoints"], ["software", "KSC-14081", "KSC-14081", "Employee Health & Safety System", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "This software was built to facilitate the process of employees completing their Health and Safety Requirements.Web application for supervisors to record their Work Center Safety and Health Guide progress. Application would ask supervisors questions on all 22 sections of the document and records thei"], ["software", "KSC-14109", "KSC-14109", "HLA2MPC 3.0, A software bridge between the IEEE 1516 (High Level Architecture) to the NASA MPC (Model Process Control) 3.0 telemetry language.", "design and integration tools", "KSC", "HLA2MPC provides the link between HLA (High Level Architecture, IEEE 1516) Simulation Federation data and any MPC 3 compliant simulation or visualization tool. One such tool is DON, the Distributed Observer Network, now in version 3.1. DON 3.1 is available in the Software catalog at https://software"], ["software", "KSC-14126", "KSC-14126", "NASA Acronyms Browser Extension: Firefox & Chrome", "design and integration tools", "KSC", "This is a simple browser extension (Firefox & Chrome) that defines NASA extensions according to the NASA acronyms database found at https://acronyms.larc.nasa.gov/. Just select any NASA-related acronym and it's definition appears below it."], ["software", "KSC-14131", "KSC-14131", "Mars In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Propellant Production Discrete Event Simulation (DES)- MIPP-D.", "design and integration tools", "KSC", "Mars In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Propellant Production Discrete Event Simulation (DES)- MIPP-DMIPP-D is a Simio based Discrete Event Simulation modeling Mars surface propellant production. The focus is on the actual chemical plant and processes, including incoming and outgoing materials, ass"], ["software", "KSC-14146", "KSC-14146", "NASA Claims Authentication Provider", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "The NASA Claims Provider is an authentication provider built for Microsoft SharePoint. The NASA Claims provider allows code to be executed once a user authenticates to a SharePoint site. Once a new token is created, events are trigger to claims to the current user's account using claims augmentation"], ["software", "KSC-14272", "KSC-14272", "Virtual Environment Computational Training Resource (VECTR): OSIRIS-REx", "design and integration tools", "KSC", "VECTR (Virtual Environment Computational Training Resource): OSIRIS-REx is the latest application under the VECTR product line. VECTR is a virtual reality platform, built with commercial off-the-shelf hardware, designed to augment the training process for various operations at KSC. VECTR is a flexib"], ["software", "KSC-14415", "KSC-14415", "Virtual Environment Computational Training Resource (VECTR) V.2", "design and integration tools", "KSC", "VECTR2 (Virtual Environment Computational Training Resource) is an overhaul of the original VECTR software. VECTR2 is a multi-user virtual reality platform, built with commercial off-the-shelf hardware, designed to augment the way engineers work at NASA. VECTR2 utilizes existing virtual reality hard"], ["software", "KSC-14470", "KSC-14470", "Rapid Model Import Tool (RMIT) Version 2.0", "data and image processing", "KSC", "The Rapid Model Import Tool (RMIT) version 2 is an enhancement to the original RMIT software. It is software designed import 3D models from Computer Aided Design (CAD) software tools such as 3DS Max, Catia, or Creo, and perform several modifications to the model's underlying format. Some of the modi"], ["software", "KSC-14485", "KSC-14485", "Calysto: Risk Management", "business systems and project management", "KSC", "The Calysto: Risk Management software application is used by organizations and programs across the NASA Agency. The application was written as a SharePoint Add-in in JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and CAML. It is written in a way where it can be deployed to a SharePoint on-premises environment or SharePoint"], ["software", "KSC-14644", "KSC-14644", "Software for Timeline Evaluation of Launch Logistics with Adaptive Rocket Refueling Requirements (STELLAR)", "operations", "KSC", "STELLAR is a Matlab application that operates on an algorithm composed of several functions capable of generating launch plans and scrub-turnaround plans for flight vehicles as well as providing crucial information regarding launch capabilities. STELLAR is capable of outputting information for up to"], ["software", "LAR-13995-1", "LAR-13995-1", "WINGDES2 - Wing Design And Analysis Code (WDES)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "Wing-design algorithm based on modified linear theory taking into account effects of attainable leading-edge thrust. Provides analysis as well as design capability and applicable to both subsonic and supersonic flow."], ["software", "LAR-14458-1", "LAR-14458-1", "AERO2S - Subsonic Aerodynamic Analysis of Wings With Leading- And Trailing-Edge Flaps In Combination with Canard or Horizontal Tail Surfaces", "aeronautics", "LARC", "Subsonic modified linear theory method providing estimates of the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of conceptual airplane lifting surface arrangements. The method is particularly well suited to configurations which, because of high speed flight requirements, must employ thin wings with highl"], ["software", "LAR-15241", "LAR-15241", "System/Observer/Controller Identification Toolbox (SOCIT)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "SOCIT is a collection of functions, written in MATLAB language and expressed in M-files, that implements a variety of modern system identification techniques. For an open-loop system, it features functions for identification of a system model and corresponding forward and backward observers directly"], ["software", "LAR-15703", "LAR-15703", "Volume Grid Manipulator (VGM)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "This code is specifically designed to alter or manipulate existing surface and volume structured grids to improve grid quality through the reduction of grid line skewness, removal of negative volumes, and adaption of surface and volume grids to flow field gradients, to name a few applications. The s"], ["software", "LAR-15968-1", "LAR-15968-1", "Shape Parameterization Algorithm (MASSOUD)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The MASSOUD and/or Bandaids software packages are geometry parameterization tools that may be used to perform design optimization with NASA's FUN3D and other CFD codes."], ["software", "LAR-16003-1", "LAR-16003-1", "Computational Fluids Laboratory 3-Dimensional (CFL3D)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "CFL3D is a structured-grid, cell-centered, upwind-biased, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code. It can be run in parallel on multiple grid zones with point-matched, patched, overset, or embedded connectivities. Both multigrid and mesh sequencing are available in time-accurate or steady-state "], ["software", "LAR-16059-1", "LAR-16059-1", "Windows Semi-Markov Range Evaluator (WinSURE)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This package is used by aerospace flight software developers to predict the reliability of flight-critical computer processes."], ["software", "LAR-16060-1", "LAR-16060-1", "WinASSIST: (Windows Abstract Semi-Markov Specification Interface To The SURE Tool)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The WinASSIST program uses a rule-oriented language to automatically generate input files for the SURE/WinSURE program. The user describes the failure behavior and recovery behavior of a fault-tolerant computer system in an abstract language. The WinASSIST program then automatically generates a corr"], ["software", "LAR-16100-1", "LAR-16100-1", "System IDentification Programs for AirCraft (SIDPAC)", "system testing", "LARC", "Written in MATLAB, SIDPAC is a collection of over 300 programs that perform a wide variety of tasks related to system identification applied to aircraft. SIDPAC includes tools for experiment design, data analysis, kinematic consistency checking, static and dynamic modeling, simulation, numerical int"], ["software", "LAR-16260-1", "LAR-16260-1", "Langley Stability and Transition Analysis Code (LASTRAC)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "LASTRAC is a C code that analyzes compressible boundary-layer stability and performs transition prediction using the state-of-the-art Linear Stability Theory (LST) or Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) methods."], ["software", "LAR-16371-1", "LAR-16371-1", "Data Transfer Between Dissimilar Meshes (DTBDM, 2.0)", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "Designed to automate an otherwise labor-intensive process, DTBDM puts the aerodynamic loads output of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package into the structural model of an aircraft to allow for deflection calculations."], ["software", "LAR-16423-1", "LAR-16423-1", "Grid Express (GridEx) A Framework Based Unstructured Grid Generation Tool", "aeronautics", "LARC", "GridEx is an interactive software system developed by Geometry Laboratory of the NASA Langley Research Center for the generation of unstructured meshes. The software integrates native CAD geometry access, multiple unstructured meshing algorithms, and interactive 3D computer graphics through a Graphi"], ["software", "LAR-16666-GS", "LAR-16666-GS", "TLNS3D", "aeronautics", "LARC", "This software was developed to solve Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes Equations to simulate turbulent, viscous flows over three-dimensional configurations. A general multiblock grid is used to model complex configurations. A multi-stage Runge-Kutta pseudo-time stepping scheme is coupled with residual"], ["software", "LAR-16670-GS", "LAR-16670-GS", "USM3D", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "USM3D is a tetrahedral unstructured flow solver that has become widely used in industry, government, and academia for solving aerodynamic problems. Since its first introduction in 1989, USM3D has steadily evolved from an inviscid Euler solver into a full viscous Navier-Stokes code. The technology ha"], ["software", "LAR-16680-GS", "LAR-16680-GS", "WOPWOP", "system testing", "LARC", "WOPWOP is used for helicopter main-rotor noise prediction. The user must input measured air loads."], ["software", "LAR-16713-GS", "LAR-16713-GS", "BL2D- Two-Dimensional And Axisymmetric Boundary Layer Code", "aeronautics", "LARC", "BL2D: An efficient and fourth-order accurate method to compute two-dimensional and axisymmetric boundary layers on aerospace vehicle wings from low-speed to hypersonic speeds.Aerospace applications include boundary-layer stability analysis, transonic wing design, laminar flow wing design."], ["software", "LAR-16744-1", "LAR-16744-1", "A Two-dimensional/Axisymmetric Nozzle Design Code Using the Irrotational Method of Characteristics (IMOCND)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The innovation is a computer program which can be used to design two-dimensional or axisymmetric nozzles having uniform or non-uniform (Mach number and/or flow angle) supersonic inflow. If possible, the computer program generates a nozzle contour which produces supersonic, shock-free, uniform flow a"], ["software", "LAR-16798-GS", "LAR-16798-GS", "EZ4D", "aeronautics", "LARC", "NASA's ez4d software is a time-accurate three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured meshes. The ez4d software framework utilizes generic template programming in C to allow users to extend the code for simulations of any general conservation laws. Shared-memory multi-thread as well as dis"], ["software", "LAR-16804-GS", "LAR-16804-GS", "NASA STRuctrual ANalysis (NASTRAN)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "NASTRAN is a finite element analysis program that was originally developed for NASA in the late 1960s under U.S. government funding for the aerospace industry. The software suite provides engineers a comprehensive simulation solution for insight into structural behavior. NASTRAN source code is integ"], ["software", "LAR-16882-1", "LAR-16882-1", "TetrUSS Computational Fluid Dynamics Software (TetrUSS)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The most awarded software in the history of NASA, TetrUSS is a suite of computer programs used for fluid dynamics and aerodynamics analysis and design. The software is widely used in other government organizations, the aerospace industry, academia, and non-aerospace industries such as automotive, bi"], ["software", "LAR-16954-1", "LAR-16954-1", "Loudness Code for Asymmetric Sonic Booms (LCASB)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "LCASB is a computer code to calculate the loudness of a sonic boom time history, and calculations of several noise metrics are provided. The code can also calculate separately the loudness of the front and back parts of the sonic boom."], ["software", "LAR-17081-1", "LAR-17081-1", "Fortran Unit Testing Framework (fUnit v1.0)", "data servers processing and handling", "LARC", "The fUnit software provides a framework for unit-testing Fortran 90, 95, and 2003 code."], ["software", "LAR-17227-1", "LAR-17227-1", "CFACS: Constrained Fitting for Airfoil Curvature Smoothing", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "Airfoil smoothing in design environments is largely based on heuristic methods and it is an art to generate an unbiased smooth fit of the airfoil's curvature profile by modifying its geometry. The software CFACS (Constrained Fitting for Airfoil Curvature Smoothing) uses a spline-based airfoil smooth"], ["software", "LAR-17262-1", "LAR-17262-1", "RANSTEP - Reduced order Analysis using a Nonlinear STiffness Evaluation Procedure", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "A new implementation of reduced order finite-element-based analysis for solving geometrically nonlinear random vibration problems of complex structures has been developed. The implementation is given the acronym RANSTEP for Reduced order Analysis using a Nonlinear STiffness Evaluation Procedure. The"], ["software", "LAR-17264-1", "LAR-17264-1", "ROBUS-2 Fault-Tolerant Broadcast Communication System for Modular Avionics", "operations", "LARC", "ROBUS-2 is a time-division, multiple-access broadcast communication system that uses a time-indexed communication schedule for medium-access control. The technology provides guaranteed fault-tolerant services that include: message broadcast (Byzantine Agreement), dynamic communication schedule updat"], ["software", "LAR-17325-1", "LAR-17325-1", "[AEROM] Unsteady Aerodynamic Reduced-Order Models (ROMs) for Efficient Aeroelastic Analysis", "aeronautics", "LARC", "Unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order models (ROMs) have been developed that significantly improve the computational efficiency of traditional computational methods for aeroelastic analysis. Traditional methods rely on repetitive use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for predicting the aeroel"], ["software", "LAR-17460-1", "LAR-17460-1", "Java-Based Software Tool for Dynamic Aerospace Vehicle Exchange Markup Files", "data and image processing", "LARC", "An update to software originally named DAVEtools 0.5, this software-based technology is used for manipulating standard Dynamic Aerospace Vehicle Exchange Markup Language (DAVE-ML) models. The improved technology embeds the necessary initialization data into a data structure to keep the MATLAB worksp"], ["software", "LAR-17463-1", "LAR-17463-1", "A Collection of Nonlinear Aircraft Simulations in MATLAB", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "Nonlinear six degree-of-freedom simulations for a variety of aircraft were created using MATLAB. Data for aircraft geometry, aerodynamic characteristics, mass / inertia properties, and engine characteristics were obtained from open literature publications documenting wind tunnel experiments and flig"], ["software", "LAR-17481-1", "LAR-17481-1", "Knife v1.0 Boolean Substraction Library for Polyhedra", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Knife library calculates the boolean subtraction of arbitrary watertight triangular polyhedral in order to make near-field sonic boom predictions."], ["software", "LAR-17491-1", "LAR-17491-1", "Vehicle Sketch Pad (VSP)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Vehicle Sketch Pad (VSP) is an aircraft geometry tool for rapid evaluation of advanced design concepts. Fast and accurate geometry modeling allows the designer to use more complex analysis methods earlier in the design process and reduces reliance on empiricism in conceptual design. VSP includes"], ["software", "LAR-17498-1", "LAR-17498-1", "Orbit Lifetime Monte Carlo (OLMC)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "Given the dynamic environment in which spacecraft exist, a better methodology for performing orbital lifetime analyses over the current practice of point analyses was desired. The approach chosen was to utilize Monte Carlo based predictions, which provides the ability to gauge the probability of mee"], ["software", "LAR-17546-1", "LAR-17546-1", "Tolerance Domain Specific Language", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This sensitivity task employs the Monte Carlo method. Thousands of simulations are run with randomly varied input parameters, and then statistical correlations are computed to determine the sensitivity of output parameters to each input parameter."], ["software", "LAR-17590-1", "LAR-17590-1", "Advanced Subsonic and Supersonic Propeller Induced Noise (ASSPIN) prediction program", "system testing", "LARC", "ASSPIN is a computer program that predicts the noise generated by propellers operating at subsonic, transonic, or supersonic helical tip speeds in either single-rotation or counter-rotation mode. The format of blade surface pressure data obtained from aerodynamic codes for ASSPIN input is generally "], ["software", "LAR-17595-1", "LAR-17595-1", "GTM_Polysim-Nonlinear GTM Aircraft Polynomial Simulation in MATLAB, Version 2.0", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The GTM_POLYSIM is a nonlinear simulation of the Generic Transport Model (GTM) aircraft at a 5.5-percent scale. The simulation software is a collection of scripts and programs written and executed in the MATLAB computing environment."], ["software", "LAR-17625-1", "LAR-17625-1", "Flight Dynamics Simulation of a Generic Transport Model", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This software is a flight dynamics simulation of a transport aircraft. It implements general rigid body equations of motion for the vehicle dynamics and draws aerodynamic forces from a standard coefficient expansion implemented as table lookups. Dynamics of actuator servos and bandwidth of sensors a"], ["software", "LAR-17635-1", "LAR-17635-1", "Java Program to Promote an Open-Source \"E Standard\" for Mass Properties Engineering", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This open-source Java software helps develop electronic standards (E-Standards) for mass properties engineering. An E-Standard is a highly descriptive dataset that includes standardizing functions for data manipulation, interrogation, and formatting. With this tool, any number of users can interface"], ["software", "LAR-17662-1", "LAR-17662-1", "Macro for an Apriori Grid NUmerics Metric (MAGNUM)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Macro for an Apriori Grid NUmeric Metric (MAGNUM) software is a Tecplot {TM} macro that computes a grid quality metric, or number, for structured surface and volume grids that identifies how good the grid is for computational science applications. A good measure ranges from 0.7 to 1.0, where 0.7"], ["software", "LAR-17678-1", "LAR-17678-1", "PLOT3D Export Tool for Tecplot", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The PLOT3D Export Tecplot addon is a runtime library linked into Tecplot at the time of startup of the Tecplot software. It enables Tecplot users the ability to output PLOT3D style files from Tecplot as a grid, grid and solution, or grid and function file for use by another computer code. Existing f"], ["software", "LAR-17753-1", "LAR-17753-1", "Rotorcraft Noise Model (RNM), Version 7", "system testing", "LARC", "The RNM simulation model calculates community noise, computing time histories of noise for arbitrary vehicle flight operations. The technology accommodates multiple noise sources (e.g., rotors and engines), each represented by a sphere of spectral data at a reference distance. Propagation to the gro"], ["software", "LAR-17758-1", "LAR-17758-1", "3DGRAPE/AL v3: Three-Dimensional Grids About Anything By Poisson Equations", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The new version (3.0) suite of the 3DGRAPE/AL software advances the state-of-the art in structured volume grid generation through the implementation of a new matching point block-to block boundary condition on adjacent faces of two blocks that no other volume grid generator has. This new version als"], ["software", "LAR-17761-1", "LAR-17761-1", "Acoustic Propagation and Emulation Toolset (APET)", "system testing", "LARC", "The Acoustic Propagation and Emulation Toolset (APET) is a framework code uniting several acoustic methodologies for the propagation and measurement of source noise audibility at farfield observers, accounting for the effects of the atmosphere, weather, terrain, and spherical spreading. Currently, A"], ["software", "LAR-17828-1", "LAR-17828-1", "Fast Scattering Code (FSC), Versions 3.1 and 3.2", "system testing", "LARC", "The Fast Scattering Code (FSC) is a computer program designed to predict the scattered acoustic field that results from the interaction between a known incident sound and arbitrary three-dimensional surfaces immersed in a potential background flow. The technology is based on the equations of time-ha"], ["software", "LAR-17835-1", "LAR-17835-1", "Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB-II)", "crew and life support", "LARC", "MATB-II is a computer-based task battery designed to facilitate research in human multiple task performance with consideration for the effects of automation. The tool includes five component tasks: system monitoring, tracking, communications monitoring, and resource management. A scheduling window p"], ["software", "LAR-17855-1", "LAR-17855-1", "Uncertainty Quantification Toolbox (UQTools)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "UQTools is a MATLAB-based software package designed to efficiently analyze dynamic systems subject to parametric uncertainty. UQTools accepts uncertainty models based upon both probabilistic and non-probabilistic definitions, and it realizes several complementary methods for performing a variety of "], ["software", "LAR-18067-1", "LAR-18067-1", "CertWare Safety Case Workbench Software", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This technology contributes several core modules to support safety case models and offers a service-based application programming interface that enables new model-processing capabilities to be plugged into the workbench."], ["software", "LAR-18203-1", "LAR-18203-1", "SolFlyte", "aeronautics", "LARC", "SolFlyte enables the analysis of Solar-Electric (SE) HALE aircraft and airship concepts and missions by uniquely modeling the complex interactions of time-dependent astronomical, geographical, and atmospheric factors on key metrics such as the energy balance, shadowing, performance, on-site persiste"], ["software", "LAR-18232-1", "LAR-18232-1", "Hypatheon-Searchable Database Capability for Formalized Mathematics", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The Hypatheon suite of software tools provide a searchable database capability for the specialized domain of formalized mathematics. The technology is designed to be a companion to a specific tool called PVS, which supports an emerging type of advanced software verification intended for safety-criti"], ["software", "LAR-18268-1", "LAR-18268-1", "Kodiak: A Software Library for Verifying Nonlinear Arithmetic Statements", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Kodiak is a software implementation of an algorithm for verifying expressions involving nonlinear real arithmetic. It includes an optimizer for nonlinear real functions, a solver for nonlinear inequalities, and an application programming interface (API) for integrating other software verification to"], ["software", "LAR-18313-1", "LAR-18313-1", "HCDstruct", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "This MATLAB routine generates a scalable finite element model suitable for hybrid wing-body (HWB) structural analysis and optimization. HWB geometry structure is based on a vehicle sketch-pad (VSP) surface model of an aircraft and a FLOPS-compatible parameterization of the center body and wing struc"], ["software", "LAR-18314-1", "LAR-18314-1", "FilePlottingTools", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This Excel plugin written in VB.net allows rapid post-processing of thermal analysis data from text files or from SINDA-formatted SAV files. The software can be adapted to other data formats as well."], ["software", "LAR-18322-1", "LAR-18322-1", "Transport Class Model (TCM) Aircraft Simulation Software", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This six-degree-of-freedom, flat-earth dynamics, non-linear, and non-proprietary aircraft simulation is a representation of a generic mid-sized twin-jet transport aircraft."], ["software", "LAR-18464-1", "LAR-18464-1", "Detect and Avoid Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems (DAIDALUS)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "DAIDALUS (Detect and AvoID Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems) is a software library that implements a detect-and-avoid concept for unmanned aircraft systems. At the core of the concept, there is a mathematical definition of the well-clear concept. Two aircraft are considered to be well clear of ea"], ["software", "LAR-18488-1", "LAR-18488-1", "KSOPT - An Indirect Method for Numerical Optimization using the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser Function - Version 3.1", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This is a technique for converting a constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained problem. The technique transforms one or more objective functions into reduced objective functions analogous to goal constraints used in the goal programming method. The reduced objectivefunctions are appende"], ["software", "LAR-18538-1", "LAR-18538-1", "Versatile ImpulSive Interplanetary Trajectory OptimizeR (VISITOR)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The design of trajectories for interplanetary missions represents one of the most complex and important problems to solve during conceptual space mission design. To facilitate conceptual interplanetary mission sizing activities, it is essential to obtain sufficiently accurate trajectories in a fast "], ["software", "LAR-18541-1", "LAR-18541-1", "NASA Auralization Framework (NAF)", "system testing", "LARC", "The NASA Auralization Framework (NAF) is an open architecture for auralization components. It is structured as a set of common building blocks in the form of dynamically linked libraries, and will serve as the basis for future auralization capabilities. There are several libraries provided as part o"], ["software", "LAR-18567-1", "LAR-18567-1", "(ANOPP2v1.5.0) Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP2)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The next generation Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP), called ANOPP2, provides the capability and a framework to integrate acoustic approaches for aircraft noise component prediction, propulsion system installation effects, and overall sound propagation to the far-field. The predictions from"], ["software", "LAR-18583-1", "LAR-18583-1", "DEVELOP National Program Python Package (dnppy)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The DEVELOP National Program Python Package creates a python programming environment for simple processing of large NASA data sets to prepare them for further analysis in an ESRI ArcMap environment. It includes an instructional framework to guide users who are new to performing GIS tasks in a heavil"], ["software", "LAR-18602-1", "LAR-18602-1", "Modified Snowmelt Runoff Model For Forecasting Water Availability in Chile", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Modified Snowmelt Runoff Model for Forecasting Water Availability in Chile (M-SRM) models daily stream flow of snowmelt runoff as a function of temperature, elevation, snow-covered area, precipitation rate, and experimentally determined coefficients. Using MODIS and TRMM data, the software provides "], ["software", "LAR-18665-1", "LAR-18665-1", "Coastal Mid-Atlantic METRIC Model", "data and image processing", "LARC", "METRIC model software can be used to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) rates of agricultural fields by executing the Measuring Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model in an ArcGIS Python script. The model requires input data from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS and loca"], ["software", "LAR-18693-1", "LAR-18693-1", "Constrained Direct Iterative Surface Curvature (CDISC) Aerodynamic Design Software", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "CDISC is a system of software codes which, when coupled with computational fluid Dynamics flow solvers, provides a method for aerodynamic design. The core design algorithm uses prescribed flow/geometry sensitivity derivatives to make geometry changes based on the difference between target and analys"], ["software", "LAR-18704-1", "LAR-18704-1", "Loft: An Automated Mesh Generator for Stiffened Shell Aerospace Vehicles", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "Loft is an automated mesh generation code that is designed for aerospace vehicle structures. From user input, Loft generates meshes for wings, noses, tanks, fuselage sections, thrust structures, and so on. As a mesh is generated, each element is assigned properties to mark the part of the vehicle wi"], ["software", "LAR-18710-1", "LAR-18710-1", "VOCAL - Visualization of CALIPSO", "data and image processing", "LARC", "VOCAL Is a visualization software tool designed for the CALIPSO satellite. VOCAL offers an easy to use GUI interface that allows users to open CALIPSO data, and visualize that data on a plot for the user. Users can then use a number of tools to select area's of the plot by drawing 'shapes' around th"], ["software", "LAR-18720-1", "LAR-18720-1", "Scalable Implementation of Finite Elements by NASA (ScIFEN)", "materials and processes", "LARC", "The Scalable Implementation of Finite Elements by NASA (ScIFEN) package is a parallel finite element analysis code written in C++. It is designed to enable scalable solutions to computational mechanics problems by leveraging several open-source high performance computing libraries for numerical line"], ["software", "LAR-18726-1", "LAR-18726-1", "Timeline Builder Assistant (TBA)", "operations", "LARC", "Timeline Builder Assistant is intended to support initial surface operations planning by quickly building mission timelines with the \"Building Blocks\" method. The result produces a possible approach to completing all mission requirements and is intended for basic feasibility analysis. To build a new"], ["software", "LAR-18731-1", "LAR-18731-1", "Drought Severity Assessment - Decision Support Tool (DSAT)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The Drought Severity Assessment - Decision Support Tool allows a user to calculate Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) values for each cell of a set of monthly precipitation rasters that span at least thirty years. Additionally the tool calculates basic SPI statistics within a user specified boun"], ["software", "LAR-18733-1", "LAR-18733-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Multiburn/Large Vehicle Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool will design a large vehicle and do inert mass fraction sizing to scale a vehicle for multiple impulsive maneuvers and different payloads."], ["software", "LAR-18734-1", "LAR-18734-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-ISRU Demo Plant Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Agile ISRU Demo Plant Sizing Tool will provide a rough parametric estimate of ISRU plant mass and power requirements based on fitting data to a heritage curve. NEO, Phobos, Lunar Surface, and Martian Surface are included at a notional level within this system that allows architecture designers t"], ["software", "LAR-18735-1", "LAR-18735-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Rover Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool is intended to be used to science scientific rover missions based on a heritage catalogue of scientific components as well as relationships between scientific tool mass and total rover body mass."], ["software", "LAR-18736-1", "LAR-18736-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Orbiter Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool sizes rough orbiter buses that include avionics, science payloads (user choice) and a scientific mass fraction and produces a baseball card for presentation."], ["software", "LAR-18737-1", "LAR-18737-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Long Duration Habitat Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool does parametric sizing of long term human habitats based on duration and crew size up to ten members"], ["software", "LAR-18738-1", "LAR-18738-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Short Duration Habitat Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool sizes short duration human habitats for short missions less than 20 days based on identified human operations requirements."], ["software", "LAR-18739-1", "LAR-18739-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-One-Way/Small Vehicle Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool sizes small or one-way/one time use vehicles for propulsive manuvers both in and out of atmosphere. The system will provide rough Figure of Merit (FOM) estimates of mass, power, volume, and ephemeris/trajectory change capacity, and provide a rough breakdown of the intert masses, propulsive"], ["software", "LAR-18740-1", "LAR-18740-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Solar Cell/Fuel Cell/Battery Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool sizes solar power systems utilizing batteries, fuel cells and solar cells and calculates the mass, power and potential volume requirements of the system. It will provide a rough estimate of the sizes of the cells, the tank volumes and masses for the fuel cells and determining decay rates a"], ["software", "LAR-18741-1", "LAR-18741-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Body Centric Insertion Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool is intended to support mission architecture designers design simple orbits for vehicles entering into sphere of influence of a planet from heliocentric space. It allows architects to put in information about the dV or C3 energy state and provide information about the desired parking orbit."], ["software", "LAR-18742-1", "LAR-18742-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Thermal Protection System Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This system sizes Thermal Protection Systems based on simple flight path angle assessments and mass properties of the vehicle. It provides estimates of heat loads and relevant materials."], ["software", "LAR-18743-1", "LAR-18743-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Planetary Ascent/Descent dV Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool is designed to provide rough estimates for a landing on the surface of a planet with no atmosphere. Data from this tool is used to drive sizing calculations later."], ["software", "LAR-18744-1", "LAR-18744-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Heliocentric Trajectory Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool is produced is take advantage of pre-existing resources of known lambert trajectory solutions to various bodies, NEA's and more. This database is created and maintained by Ames Research Center and provides a two significant figure estimate of the injection deltaV to get to the desired orbi"], ["software", "LAR-18745-1", "LAR-18745-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Fission Power Sizing Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The system uses lifetime, chosen archetype and EOL power demand to determine the mass and power characteristics of a fission power system."], ["software", "LAR-18746-1", "LAR-18746-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools- Body-Centric Orbit Change Tool", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool provides dV requirements for orbit changes in inclination, periapsis and apoapsis."], ["software", "LAR-18752-1", "LAR-18752-1", "Low Fidelity Space Systems Analysis Tools-Destination Campaign Tools", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This tool provides a rough mass estimate of ground campaign equipment."], ["software", "LAR-18774-1", "LAR-18774-1", "MVL-15 (Modified Vortex Lattice)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "MVL-15 is a Modified Vortex-Lattice (MVL) aerodynamics analysis code. The term modified refers to the primary modification of the core vortex-lattice methodology: the incorporation and assignment of viscous aerodynamics data associated with the wing section geometry to the inviscid vortex-lattice so"], ["software", "LAR-18789-1", "LAR-18789-1", "DEVELOP DRIP and SLIP Landslide Detection Package (DRIP-SLIP)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The DRIP-SLIP model automatically analyzes red band spectral information and soil moisture information derived from Landsat 8 and ASTER and SRTM data, at a fine to moderate resolutions, to determine areas that might be new landslides. This is important to help increase the temporal latency for lands"], ["software", "LAR-18794-1", "LAR-18794-1", "Chesapeake Bay Chlorophyll Hotspot Identifier (CBCHI)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The Chesapeake Bay Chlorophyll Hotspot Identifier takes in raw Landsat 8 surface reflectance product and produces two maps to be opened in ArcMap that can be used to identify chlorophyll hotspots. It also creates a true color image."], ["software", "LAR-18798-1", "LAR-18798-1", "PolyCARP: Algorithms and Software for Computations with Polygons", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "PolyCARP is a package of algorithms, including both their formal models and software implementations, for computing containment, collision, resolution, and recovery information for polygons. The intended applications of PolyCARP are related, but not limited, to safety critical systems in air traffic"], ["software", "LAR-18801-1", "LAR-18801-1", "Multiphysics Algorithm with Particles (MAP)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Multiphysics Algorithm with Particles (MAP) is a multidimensional adaptive Cartesian implementation of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method with paralellization capabilities using MPI. The DSMC method is widely used for the modeling of gas flows through the computation of the motion a"], ["software", "LAR-18832-1", "LAR-18832-1", "Composite Damage (CompDam) Progressive Damage Analysis Software", "materials and processes", "LARC", "The Composite Damage (CompDam) Progressive Damage Analysis software is developed for the prediction of damage onset, damage progression and structural collapse of structures manufactured of fiber-reinforced plastic laminates. The emphasis has been on development of an analysis capability for applica"], ["software", "LAR-18861-1", "LAR-18861-1", "Classification and Verification Editor (CaVE)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This code improves the efficiency of analyzing multiple classification methods in order to produce accurate classified images for land use and land cover change. Instead of running multiple classifications, validations, and algorithms separately, this is all performed through one script with one con"], ["software", "LAR-18862-1", "LAR-18862-1", "Palm Oil Plantation Predictor (POPP)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This software is designed to simplify the process of manipulating and converting both satellite and ancillary data so that it can be used within the Maxent modeling software. This tool can convert vector or raster data into the correct format and process all files in order to have identical rows, co"], ["software", "LAR-18877-1", "LAR-18877-1", "Land Surface Temperature MODIS Visualization (LaSTMoV)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Extreme heat causes and exacerbates a number of health problems, leading to hospitalization and death in some cases. The problem of severe heat is notably felt in Maricopa County, Arizona, where the socially disadvantaged and physically vulnerable are especially susceptible to the effects of extreme"], ["software", "LAR-18894-1", "LAR-18894-1", "Mission Operations Cost Estimation Tool (MOCET)", "business systems and project management", "LARC", "The Mission Operations Cost Estimation Tool (MOCET) is a model developed by the Aerospace Corporation in partnership with NASAs Science Office for Mission Assessment (SOMA). MOCET provides a new capability to generate cost estimates for the operational, or Phase E, portion of NASA science missions. "], ["software", "LAR-18901-1", "LAR-18901-1", "Higher-fidelity Conceptual Design and Structural Optimization (HCDstruct) Version 2.0", "aeronautics", "LARC", "HCDstruct V2.0 represents the second major development of the HCDstruct software tool. In V2.0, HCDstruct now includes an aerostructural modeling and optimization capability for generalized tube and wing aircraft configurations. This tool permits the rapid, parameterized creation of aeroservoelastic"], ["software", "LAR-18924-1", "LAR-18924-1", "Inverse Heat Conduction Solver Using MATLAB - IHC Solve", "aeronautics", "LARC", "This MATLAB software first reads in temperature data measured from two thermocouples embedded in a heat conducting specimen. The software also reads in the thermophysical properties for the heat conducting specimen. After filtering noise from the measured temperature data, the software then uses the"], ["software", "LAR-18928-1", "LAR-18928-1", "CEOS Data Cube Platform v.2 (CEOS2)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "LARC", "The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) has long recognized a need for data processing infrastructure to support Earth science objectives in developing countries. Forest preservation initiatives, carbon measurement initiatives, water management and agricultural monitoring are just few e"], ["software", "LAR-18934-1", "LAR-18934-1", "Flight Optimization System (FLOPS) Software v.9", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Flight Optimization System (FLOPS) is a multidisciplinary system of computer programs for conceptual and preliminary design and evaluation of advanced aircraft concepts. It consists of six primary modules: 1) weights, 2) aerodynamics, 3) propulsion data scaling and interpolation, 4) mission perf"], ["software", "LAR-18938-1", "LAR-18938-1", "Abaqus User Subroutine Verification (abaverify)", "materials and processes", "LARC", "abaverify is a collection of Python scripts that is used for testing and verifying the behavior of user subroutines for the commercial finite element code Abaqus."], ["software", "LAR-18943-1", "LAR-18943-1", "Geographic Applications for Transitioning Everglades Regions (GATER)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The code provides an algorithm for cloud removal from Landsat scenes, and runs a classification scheme which classifies mangrove extent within Everglades National Park."], ["software", "LAR-18945-1", "LAR-18945-1", "Precipitation Interface for the Middle East (PrIME)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The Precipitation Interface for the Middle East (PrIME) is a tool which allows users to visualize data from several sources and to extract data at points of interest. There are seven types of data loaded into the interface (SRTM, MOD16, GRACE, TRMM, GPM, school location points, and a study area poly"], ["software", "LAR-19000-1", "LAR-19000-1", "Floating Node Method Composites Simulation Toolbox [FNMCST]", "materials and processes", "LARC", "FNMCST Floating Node Method Composites Simulation Toolbox, is a research code used to investigate and develop an high-fidelity numerical approach, using the floating node method, and advanced physical models, to simulate damage progression in composite materials with high fidelity and in 3D."], ["software", "LAR-19004-1", "LAR-19004-1", "Advanced Acoustic Model v2 (AAM2)", "system testing", "LARC", "AAM is a computer program that calculates community noise from aircraft flight operations. It is a simulation model, computing time histories of noise for arbitrary vehicle flight operations. The model can accommodate multiple noise sources (Rotors, engines, airframe (flaps, landing gear, slats, etc"], ["software", "LAR-19012-1", "LAR-19012-1", "Elkhorn Slough Vegetation Imagery Assessment (ESVIA)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The intention of this script is to conduct marsh vegetation health analyses using remotely sensed imagery sources. The script analyzes vegetation change in a historical time-series using Landsat imagery, as well as current day vegetation productivity using Sentinel 2A imagery. Included in the script"], ["software", "LAR-19013-1", "LAR-19013-1", "Surface Water Indication Model (SWIM)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "SWIM is a user-friendly tool that allows users to identify surface water from the most current imagery available, or to monitor temporal changes of surface water in their management area. The code provides calculations for water indices and thresholding, algorithms for slope and aspect creation."], ["software", "LAR-19015-1", "LAR-19015-1", "Pixelwise Correlation-Based Landscape Classification (PiCo)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "PiCo was written in attempt to automate and regionalize the Climate Landscape Response (CLaRe) metrics developed by Wallace et al 2016. The CLaRe metric system was created to map invasive buffelgrass in the southwestern United States. This grass both propagates and benefits from increased wildfire e"], ["software", "LAR-19017-1", "LAR-19017-1", "Grand Canyon Regions of Drought Impact (GC-ReDI)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Beginning in 1998, a drought in the Southwestern United States caused water levels in Lake Mead to fall to historic lows and uncover thousands of acres of lakebed sediment along the shoreline. This software quantifies and visualizes the decreasing water levels and land cover changes in the Lower Gra"], ["software", "LAR-19032-1", "LAR-19032-1", "Move Away Superfluous Clouds (MASC)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Source code for removal of clouds, cloud shadow, water, and snow pixels from Landsat scenes using the cloud mask layer that is provided withLandsat data."], ["software", "LAR-19113-1", "LAR-19113-1", "CCROP (Cover Crop Remotely Observed Performance)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The source code extracts NDVI values from Landsat 5, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2 images. NDVI values are averaged within field boundaries for each image and exported as a table with field ID and average NDVI value (with image date as the column header) for each date in a given range."], ["software", "LAR-19121-1", "LAR-19121-1", "Scalable Implementation of Finite Elements by NASA (ScIFEN) v.2", "materials and processes", "LARC", "Scalable Implementation of Finite Elements by NASA (ScIFEN) is a three-dimensional solid mechanics code that provides a parallel implementation of the finite element method (FEM). Generally speaking, the FEM is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions to partial differential equations"], ["software", "LAR-19127-1", "LAR-19127-1", "FAULT (Flood Analysis Utilizing Landsat and ArcMap Tools)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "During this project, an automated script was generated that performs high-level flood analysis to relieve work load for end-users. The script incorporated Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) tiles and utilized computer-learning techniques to generate accurate water extent maps. The script refere"], ["software", "LAR-19128-1", "LAR-19128-1", "Automated Snow Index Tool (ASIT)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The software will load in image collections from Google Earth Engine from different sensors (Landsat 5, 7, and 8, Sentinel 2a, 2b) and the code will identify pixels meeting certain criteria as snow using two snow indices (Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and the Saito S3 Snow Index. Then the "], ["software", "LAR-19151-1", "LAR-19151-1", "Hydrological Anomaly Engine (HAE)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Using the cloud-based computing power of Google Earth Engine (GEE), the Hydrologic Anomaly Index (HAE) is capable of uploading and analyzing large amounts of Earth observation climate data for the purpose of hydrologic analysis and monitoring. The end-user will be able to pull from and modify a libr"], ["software", "LAR-19156-1", "LAR-19156-1", "Regional Incendiary Fuel Risk Assessment Framework (RIFRAF)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Climate data from the Google Earth Engine library was leveraged in a script to calculate the fire potential in the Missouri River Basin. Variables instrumental to fire potential were drought conditions, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and fuel moisture."], ["software", "LAR-19181-1", "LAR-19181-1", "COVER (Calibrate Observed Vegetation Estimates Remotely)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The source code provided develops calibration models using linear regression models with in-situ field data. The calibration models are then used to predict biomass (log), nitrogen percent, and nitrogen content for Landsat images from 2006-2016. Model results and data tables are output as separate f"], ["software", "LAR-19183-1", "LAR-19183-1", "LaRC MarsGIS Human Landing Site & Exploration Zone Viewer and Collaboration Tool", "data servers processing and handling", "LARC", "The innovation includes a GIS (Geographical Information System) layer and a web-based GIS service. The GIS layer includes the geospatial location and spatial extent of the Exploration Zones(EZs), regions of interest (ROIs), and data characterizing the science and resources purported to be available."], ["software", "LAR-19184-1", "LAR-19184-1", "Skyglow Estimation Toolbox (SET)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This script models light pollution from differing azimuth and beta angles, create hemispheric models of light pollution at given points on the landscape, and generate products relevant to decision makers in the park service, or any regional actor interested in examining the effects of light pollutio"], ["software", "LAR-19191-1", "LAR-19191-1", "Water Resources Integration Toolbox (WRIT)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "For the AcoFixDual_Tool: Geolocates and rescales ACOLITE output to make it useful in ArcMap.Batch netCDF to Raster Tool: Batch converts a netCDF file (output from ACOLITE) into a raster layer.Batch Project Rasters Tool: Specific to MBWR, Converts the projection of the data from WGS UTM Zone 17N mete"], ["software", "LAR-19195-1", "LAR-19195-1", "Simple Analysis of Vegetative Trends in Earth Engine (SAVeTrEE)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "SAVeTrEE is a script within Google Earth Engine for classifying areas of vegetation mortality. It prompts the user for a year, duration, and spectral index for which a mortality map should be produced, then fits a trend line to an imagery time sequence of vegetative spectral index values calculated "], ["software", "LAR-19197-1", "LAR-19197-1", "Land Use Classification Tool (LUCT)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "We used the Google Earth Engine Code interface to create a classification of land use on the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). We used six classes: water, low density residential, high-density residential, forest/shrub, agriculture and barren. We included DEM, classification points, and landsat i"], ["software", "LAR-19205-1", "LAR-19205-1", "RAIn - Rainfall Analysis Integration", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This software analyzes Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) precipitation data. It also analyzes Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetati"], ["software", "LAR-19211-1", "LAR-19211-1", "MaRSHE- Marsh Remote Sensing Health Evaluation", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This tool includes three general types of scripts. The first one extracts average NDVI values from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 image collections for specified reference dates (typically a period of 10-15 years). Anomalies in NDVI values are then derived from Landsat 5 & 8 reference image collections fro"], ["software", "LAR-19222-1", "LAR-19222-1", "Kodiak's Boolean Checker Software Module", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Kodiak is a software implementation of a branch-and-bound algorithm for rigorous approximations of expressions involving nonlinear real arithmetic. It includes an optimizer for nonlinear real functions, a solver for nonlinear inequalities, and an Application Programming Interface (API) to integrate "], ["software", "LAR-19227-1", "LAR-19227-1", "Program Round-Off Certifier via Static Analysis (PRECiSA) with Kodiak Integration", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "PRECiSA, which in the current invention disclosure stands for Program Round-off Certifier via Static Analysis, is a fully automatic static analyzer for floating-point valued functions. It computes an over-approximation of the round-off error of a given floating-point expression, along with a formal "], ["software", "LAR-19235-1", "LAR-19235-1", "Land Cover Change Detection Tool (LCD)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The goal of this project was to create a script within Google Earth Engine (GEE) that is able to analyze study areas for significant vegetation change and to incorporate ancillary datasets that allow the user to evaluate possible causation of this loss or gain. The Normalized Difference Vegetation I"], ["software", "LAR-19278-1", "LAR-19278-1", "NASA Auralization Framework Advanced Plugin Libraries (NAF APL)", "system testing", "LARC", "The NASA Auralization Framework (NAF), LAR-18541-1, is an open architecture for auralization components. It is structured as a set of common building blocks in the form of dynamically linked libraries. There are several libraries provided as part of the Framework: a Core Library, a Pathfinder librar"], ["software", "LAR-19281-1", "LAR-19281-1", "Independent Configurable Architecture for Reliable Operations of Unmanned Systems with Distributed On-board Services (ICAROUS-2)", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "Independent Configurable Architecture for Reliable Operations of Unmanned Systems with Distributed On-board Services (ICAROUS-2) is the next generation of the ICAROUS software architecture. As its predecessor, ICAROUS-2 enables the robust integration of mission specific software modules and highly-a"], ["software", "LAR-19282-1", "LAR-19282-1", "Detect and Avoid Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems (DAIDALUS) with Dynamic Well-Clear Separation Volumes", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "DAIDALUS (Detect and AvoID Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems) is a software library that implements a detect-and-avoid concept for unmanned aircraft systems. At the core of the concept, there is a mathematical definition of the well-clear concept. Two aircraft are considered to be well clear of ea"], ["software", "LAR-19339-1", "LAR-19339-1", "Formal Interactive Verification Environment for the Plan Execution Interchange Language (PLEXIL5)", "system testing", "LARC", "The Plan Execution Interchange Language (PLEXIL) is an open source synchronous language developed by NASA for commanding and monitoring autonomous systems. PLEXIL Formal Interactive Verification Environment (PLEXIL5) is a tool that implements a formal executable semantics of PLEXIL. PLEXIL5 includes"], ["software", "LAR-19345-1", "LAR-19345-1", "New Statistical Trajectory Estimation Program (NewSTEP)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "NewSTEP is a matlab-based iterative extended Kalman filter/smoother designed for solving trajectory reconstruction problems for flight test experiments. The Kalman filter is formulated to blend various types of measurement data to obtain the best estimate of the vehicle trajectory. The code also pro"], ["software", "LAR-19359-1", "LAR-19359-1", "Stochastic Reduced Order Models with Python (SROMPy)", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "The Stochastic Reduced Order Models with Python (SROMPy) software package is code written in Python to help solve uncertainty quantification and propagation problems. Stochastic Reduced Order Models (SROMs) are low-dimensional, discrete representations of a given random vector being modeled that fac"], ["software", "LAR-19386-1", "LAR-19386-1", "iMMOD (Interactive Model of Mosquito Distribution)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This software visualizes NASA Earth observations, citizen science and public health data relevant to mosquito habitat suitability by season. This software also implements a seasonal model to predict habitat suitability for mosquitoes in Western Europe."], ["software", "LAR-19417-1", "LAR-19417-1", "ScIFEN Solver Mini-App (HPCI)", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "This technology is simply a stripped down version of a previously released code to create an open source Mini-App for LaRC's High Performance Computing Incubator (HPCI). The purpose of a Mini-App is to isolate the most intensive part of a code for release so it can be optimized through collaboration"], ["software", "LAR-19460-1", "LAR-19460-1", "bingo mini-app", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The bingo mini-app is software that performs symbolic regression through the use of genetic programming. Essentially, it uses a genetic-algorithm-based procedure to find free-form equations that describe an input dataset."], ["software", "LAR-19464-1", "LAR-19464-1", "LAngley Stability and TRansition Analysis Code (LASTRAC) Version 3.0", "aeronautics", "LARC", "LASTRAC3.0 is the first US release of the LASTRAC series of software for chemically reacting flows. The code is designed to be backward compatible to the original LASTRAC release since 2004. Users of the original release are strongly encouraged to upgrade to LASTRAC3.0 as the new software has improv"], ["software", "LAR-19472-1", "LAR-19472-1", "SDCI (Scaled Drought Condition Index)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This innovation processes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, land surface temperature, and precipitation data. It then scales each component based on regional maxima and minima. Each scaled value is then inserted into the Scaled Drought Condition Index equation in order to produce a monthly dro"], ["software", "LAR-19474-1", "LAR-19474-1", "FiSSH (Find Suitable Spawning Habitat)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This software utilizes Earth observation and citizen science data collected by the Grunion Greeters project to analyze ocean conditions and how they may relate to movement of the California grunion. The grunion is famous for beach spawning, and this tool will allow the user to get an idea of how lar"], ["software", "LAR-19476-1", "LAR-19476-1", "HyperSolve AD Mini-App", "aeronautics", "LARC", "HyperSolve AD Mini-App uses an in-house developed AD tool that is based on operator-overloading too compute linearizations of a given function."], ["software", "LAR-19479-1", "LAR-19479-1", "High-fidelity Unmanned Multirotor Flight Dynamics Simulation for Off-nominal Conditions", "aeronautics", "LARC", "This innovation is a six degree-of-freedom modeling and simulation architecture and database for predicting the flight dynamics behavior of small/medium sized multirotor vehicles in off-nominal and/or extreme out-of-envelope conditions. The development of this technology was motivated by ongoing eff"], ["software", "LAR-19482-1", "LAR-19482-1", "PX4 Autopilot Simulink Interface", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "Simulink S-Function PX4 autopilot interface block. This software provides Simulink simulations with an interface to the PX4 autopilot. Enabling Simulink vehicle simulations to be controlled by the PX4 autopilot in simulated environments."], ["software", "LAR-19515-1", "LAR-19515-1", "Multi-Level Monte Carlo with Python (MLMCPy)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Multi-Level Monte Carlo with Python (MLMCPy) software package is code written in Python to solve uncertainty propagation problems. Multi-level Monte Carlo (MLMC) is an efficient alternative to standard Monte Carlo simulation for estimating expectations of outputs to computational models with unc"], ["software", "LAR-19517-1", "LAR-19517-1", "Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling with Python (SMCPy)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential to provide meaningful and reliable predictions of real-world system performance. One major obstacle for the implementation of statistical methods for UQ is the use of expensive computational models. Classical UQ methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (M"], ["software", "LAR-19531-1", "LAR-19531-1", "Femera", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "Femera is an open-source finite element Mini-App, developed under LaRC's High Performance Computing Incubator (HPCI), that updates the element-by-element (EBE) matrix-free method for modern HPC architectures, The purpose of a Mini-App is to isolate the most intensive part of a code for release so it"], ["software", "LAR-19533-1", "LAR-19533-1", "CRoss-Application Translator for Operational Unmanned Systems (CRATOUS)", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "CRATOUS is a software bridge that allows OpenUxAS to use some of the functionalities provided by the Independent Configurable Architecture for Reliable Operations of Unmanned Systems with Distributed On-board Services (ICAROUS) software."], ["software", "LAR-19547-1", "LAR-19547-1", "CORAL-TT (Calculating Oscillations in Regional Aquatic Locations - Temperature and Turbidity)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "The JavaScript code intended for Google Earth Engine (GEE) allows easy access to all data available on this free platform, calculates Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) median over years and seasons, and calculates fluctuations between seasons. The code combines Surface Reflectance Tier 1 "], ["software", "LAR-19553-1", "LAR-19553-1", "Floating-Point and Real ChecKer (FPRoCK)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "FPRoCK (Floating-Point and Real ChecKer) is a tool that decides the satisfiability of a set of mixed real and floating-point constraints. If this set of constraints has at least one solution, it returns one of the solutions, otherwise it returns UNSAT indicating that the set is unsatisfiable."], ["software", "LAR-19568-1", "LAR-19568-1", "DAA-Displays (Detect-and-Avoid Display Widgets)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "DAA-Displays (Detect-and-Avoid Display Widgets) is an open-source framework for creating interactive cockpit display simulations. The framework includes widgets for typical Detect and Avoid applications such as maneuver guidance bands, alerting symbols, aircraft states, etc."], ["software", "LAR-19572-1", "LAR-19572-1", "Higher-Order Design Environment (HOrDE): A geometry-centric, multi-disciplinary, multi-fidelity process for conceptual aircraft analysis and design", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The purpose of this software is to facilitate the creation of analysis and design processes for the conceptual-level aircraft configurations. At its core, the software contains a set of Java classes for defining the geometry, handling the analysis data associated with the geometry, executing externa"], ["software", "LAR-19607-1", "LAR-19607-1", "Mode shape interpolation via radial basis functions (RBF)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "Preprocessing software to prepare a finite element structural model for use with the modal structural solver within the FUN3D CFD code . Mode shapes are interpolated from a NASTRAN FEM to the FUN3D CFD surface mesh."], ["software", "LAR-19641-1", "LAR-19641-1", "WebGS: A Web-based Platform for Multi-UAV Flight Visualization and Simulation", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "As UAV traffic management development and testing has become more complicated, the need has arisen for tools that can control and visualize multi-vehicle interactions. WebGS is a tool for test design and automated simulation execution (repeatable and adjustable flight planning). It provides a platfo"], ["software", "LAR-19642-1", "LAR-19642-1", "Visual Studio Code Extension for PVS", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "Visual Studio Code Extension for PVS (vscode-pvs) is a plugin extension for Visual Studio Code that provides an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the Prototype Verification System (PVS)."], ["software", "LAR-19679-1", "LAR-19679-1", "CPR*: Formally Verified Compact Position Reporting Algorithm", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Compact Position Reporting (CPR) algorithm consists of a set of functions defined in the standard RTCA-DO-260B/Eurocae ED-102A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz extended squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS- B) and Traffic Information Services - Broadc"], ["software", "LAR-19727-1", "LAR-19727-1", "AladynPi – Adaptive Neural Network Molecular Dynamics Simulation Code with Physically Informed Potential: Computational Materials Mini-Application", "materials and processes", "LARC", "AladynPi is a basic molecular dynamics codes written in FORTRAN 2008, which is designed to demonstrate the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in atomistic simulations. The role of ANNs is to efficiently reproduce the very complex energy landscape resulting from the atomic interactions in mater"], ["software", "LAR-19734-1", "LAR-19734-1", "LAURA 5.6: Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA) has been updated to version 5.6. This is a computational fluid dynamics simulation software code. The new technologies regard techniques for modifying the computational grid, for modeling rough walls, and for interpreting simulations "], ["software", "LAR-19739-1", "LAR-19739-1", "PRECiSA with Instrumented Code Generation", "aeronautics", "LARC", "PRECiSA (Program Round-off Certifier via Static Analysis) is a fully automatic static analyzer for floating-point valued functions. It computes an over-approximation of the round-off error of a given floating-point expression, along with a formal certificate that ensures the correctness of the estim"], ["software", "LAR-19767-1", "LAR-19767-1", "Coordinate systems class library", "aeronautics", "LARC", "Library of classes representing various coordinate systems and providing the transformations between them. Coordinate systems represented are: East-North-Up (ENU), Downrange-Crossrange-Above (DCA), Latitude-Longitude-Altitude (LLA), Earth-Centered-Fixed (ECF), and Azimuth-Elevation-Range (AER)."], ["software", "LAR-19800-1", "LAR-19800-1", "PanNDE", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "This disclosure describes software and its framework for physics-based simulation of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The software is comprised of core plugin interfaces for mesh formats, simulation metadata, and simulation results. This is paired with an implementation of an ultrasound inspection m"], ["software", "LAR-19841-1", "LAR-19841-1", "Mixed-element USM3D flow solver for NASA TetrUSS", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The NASA Tetrahedral Unstructured Software System (TetrUSS) has served as a reliable computational aerodynamic analysis tool for Government and Industry for over 2 decades. TetrUSS has twice won the NASA Software of the Year Award in 1996 and 2004. The legacy Navier-Stokes flow solver within TetrUSS"], ["software", "LAR-19859-1", "LAR-19859-1", "Exploration Visualization Environment Version 2.15", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Exploration Visualization Environment (EVE) is a simulation, visualization, and analysis system designed to integrate engineering data with a virtual environment in support of the design and planning of space based missions. Through the integration of time dependent data with detailed graphical "], ["software", "LAR-19861-1", "LAR-19861-1", "“(ANOPP2v1.5.0) Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP and ANOPP2)”", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The NASA Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (ANOPP) provides a capability to predict noise from aircraft in flight including sources, propagation, and metrics. Since inception over 40 years ago, it has been maintained and updated including the ongoing development of new methods that are essential to "], ["software", "LAR-19879-1", "LAR-19879-1", "Improved Human Ear AuRal Detection Implementation Tool (IHEARDIT)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Improved Human Ear AuRal Detection Implementation Tool (IHEARDIT) determines the ability for the average human to detect a tonally dominated signal in a given background noise. The software compares the input signal at a human receiver location, and background noise level at that location. It th"], ["software", "LAR-19926-1", "LAR-19926-1", "PCBoom 7.6.0 Fast PCBoom sonic boom propagation code", "aeronautics", "LARC", "PCBoom 7.6.0 is a sonic boom propagation suite of programs that applies a full three-dimensional ray tracing based on geometrical acoustics in real atmospheres. It has a very efficient Burgers solver used to predict sonic boom ground waveforms and footprints from supersonic flight vehicles performin"], ["software", "LAR-19979-1", "LAR-19979-1", "HZETRN2020", "crew and life support", "LARC", "HZETRN2020 is the latest evolution of the HZETRN space radiation transport code. It is a deterministic radiation transport code capable of calculating the transport of the large variety and broad energy spectra of particles found in the space environment through shielding materials. HZETRN2020 conta"], ["software", "LAR-20040-1", "LAR-20040-1", "DB90 – Fortran Callable Relational Database", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "This report describes a database routine named DB90 that is intended for use with scientific and engineering computer programs that require relational database functionality. The database software is written in Fortran and conforms to the Fortran 2003 programming language standard.The DB90 functiona"], ["software", "LAR-20075-1", "LAR-20075-1", "Equivalent Plate Structural Modeling (EPSM) computer program.", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "The Equivalent Plate Structural Modeling (EPSM) computer program analyzes wing-like structures using high-order Legendre polynomials to define displacement systems. A wing, tail or fin component of a structure model is defined by any number of quadrilateral elements each with an upper and lower skin"], ["software", "LAR-20078-1", "LAR-20078-1", "SUITCASE Structural Analysis and Optimization System", "aeronautics", "LARC", "SUITCASE is a Fortran computer code that performs static structural analysis, static aeroelastic loads analysis, aircraft trim, dynamic structural analysis, flutter analysis and structural optimization. For structural analysis, SUITCASE calls the external program EPSM (Equivalent Plate Structural Mo"], ["software", "LAR-20093-1", "LAR-20093-1", "Software to compute loudness levels of sonic boom noise with an optional correction for ambient noise contamination.", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Several software algorithms are implemented as Matlab code to compute the loudness level of an array of sonic boom waveforms that are input to the code (named Narrow-band Octave-band Metrics, or NOM for short). The following quantities are computed and returned by this software for each of the input"], ["software", "LAR-20094-1", "LAR-20094-1", "Principle Component Analysis (PCA) for Thermography NDE Data", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Software that reads thermography data and performs principal component analysis (well known technique used on many data types) on the data over a specified number of image frames"], ["software", "LAR-20095-1", "LAR-20095-1", "OVERFLOW 2.4D Overset Grid Computational Fluid Dynamics Flow Solver with Moving Body Capability (OVERFLOW)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "OVERFLOW 2.4D is a computer code for simulating viscous, compressible fluid flow about complex aerodynamic configurations. Thetechnology solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using structured, overset computational grids. It includes the capability for simulating multiple moving bodie"], ["software", "LAR-20188-1", "LAR-20188-1", "FUN3D v14.3", "aeronautics", "LARC", "FUN3D version 14.3 is a suite of computational fluid dynamics simulation and design tools that uses mixed-element unstructured grids and optional overset topologies to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for static and dynamic applications. Various turbulence treatments are available. A discretely-con"], ["software", "LAR-20224-1", "LAR-20224-1", "TRAVIST - Tensegrity Rover Analysis and Visualization Toolkit", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Tensegrity Rover Analysis and Visualization Toolkit (TRAVIST) is a software package for the design, analysis, and visualization of TANDEM-class tensegrity rovers. The Tension Adjustable Network for Deploying Entry Membrane (TANDEM) is a multifunctional rover concept which combines tensegrity rob"], ["software", "LAR-20229-1", "LAR-20229-1", "Generic Urban Air Mobility (GUAM) Simulation", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "The generic Urban Air Mobility (GUAM) is a NASA created Matlab/Simulink simulation whose focus is to provide access for the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) research community to a complete six degree-of-freedom, non-linear, single rigid-body simulation architecture to facili"], ["software", "LAR-20263-1", "LAR-20263-1", "Image Motion Optical Transfer Function and Pointing Performance Analysis Toolbox (IMOTF-PPA Toolbox)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Image Motion Optical Transfer Function and Pointing Performance Analysis (IMOTF-PPA) Toolbox is a set of MATLAB (and Octave) functions to evaluate image motion effects on image quality for optical systems subject to mechanical disturbances. Image motion includes displacement (shift), smear, jitt"], ["software", "LAR-20284-1", "LAR-20284-1", "Integrated Ground Risk Assessment Service Provider for Unmanned Aircraft Systems", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The Integrated Operational Risk Assessment Service Provider tool is aimed to assess the aircrafts integrated air and ground risk; namely, the mid-air collision risk and the ground casualty risks. Currently, the tool has access to high-resolution population density data, commercially available weathe"], ["software", "LAR-20382-1", "LAR-20382-1", "OVERFLOW 2.5.2 Overset Grid Computational Fluid Dynamics Flow Solver with Moving Body Capability and GPU Support (OVERFLOW)", "aeronautics", "LARC", "OVERFLOW 2.5. is a computer code for simulating viscous, compressible fluid flow about complex aerodynamic configurations. The technology solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes equations using structured, overset computational grids. It includes the capability for simulating multiple moving bod"], ["software", "LAR-20437-1", "LAR-20437-1", "Materialite: A Python library for developing and linking material processing, structure, property, and performance simulations", "materials and processes", "LARC", "Materialite is a Python library developed for research in integrated computational materials engineering. The library facilitates the integration of computational materials models across the process, structure, property, and performance spaces. Interfaces between the models are handled by a common d"], ["software", "LAR-20449-1", "LAR-20449-1", "FilePlottingTools", "vehicle management space air ground", "LARC", "FilePlottingTools (FPT) is an add-in for the spreadsheet software product Excel, provided by Microsoft Corporation, which was developed in VB.net and that simplifies the process of making plots from transient thermal text file data and comparing this data across different files. The software was dev"], ["software", "LAR-20457-1", "LAR-20457-1", "Parallel Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation Code (ParaGrandMC) v.3.0", "materials and processes", "LARC", "This is version 3.0 of the previously reported Parallel Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation code - ParaGrandMC V.2.0 (LAR-19893-1). ParaGrandMC is a highly parallelized code in FORTRAN for simulating the thermodynamic evolution of metal alloy systems at atomic level, and predicting their thermody"], ["software", "LAR-20469-1", "LAR-20469-1", "NASATrussOpt: Software for truss structure optimization considering member and joint strength, buckling, and nested truss configurations", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "TrussOpt23 is a research code that is used to develop and test augmentations to existing 2D truss structure optimization algorithms to add consideration for stability, joint strength, and dynamic load cases. The end goal are manufacturable truss designs relevant to spacecraft and lunar infrastructur"], ["software", "LAR-20504-1", "LAR-20504-1", "Real-Time Wildfire Localization on the NASA Autonomous Modular Sensor (AMS)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "This work presents the use of a state-of-the-art segmentation model that performs real-time wildfire localization that can be integrated into the framework of current national wildfire observation missions. This software is companion to the Real-Time Wildfire Localization on the NASA Autonomous Modu"], ["software", "LAR-20514-1", "LAR-20514-1", "Uncertainty Quantification with Polynomial Chaos Expansion (UQPCE)", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "Uncertainty Quantification with Polynomial Chaos Expansion (UQPCE) is a python based open source software package that generates uncertainty quantification (UQ) models to estimate uncertainty in a process, simulation, or experiment. Generally speaking, UQ encompasses the study of the impact of uncer"], ["software", "LAR-20542-1", "LAR-20542-1", "HyperSolve Version 1.0.1", "aeronautics", "LARC", "HyperSolve is an unstructured grid CFD solver, specializing in the simulation of hypersonic flows."], ["software", "LAR-20549-1", "LAR-20549-1", "Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) v5.0, Government Edition", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) is a generalized point mass, discrete parameter targeting and optimization trajectory simulation program. POST2 provides the capability to target and optimize point mass trajectories for multiple powered or unpowered vehicles near an arbitrar"], ["software", "LAR-20550-1", "LAR-20550-1", "Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) v5.0, Commercial Edition", "design and integration tools", "LARC", "The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) is a generalized point mass, discrete parameter targeting and optimizationtrajectory simulation program. POST2 provides the capability to target and optimize point mass trajectories for multiple powered or unpowered vehicles near an arbitrary"], ["software", "LAR-20570-1", "LAR-20570-1", "LAURA v5.7", "aeronautics", "LARC", "LAURA simulates hypersonic chemically reacting fluid dynamics. In this version, a new grid adaptation allows for multiple grid blocks to be stacked perpendicular to a vehicle. Previously with the LAURA software, only a single grid block could be adapted in the direction perpendicular to a simulated "], ["software", "LAR-20572-1", "LAR-20572-1", "Generative modeling of wind velocity measurements.", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The software developed implements generative modeling algorithms for estimating wind velocities in local areas (i.e., microweather). The software implements three established algorithms: 1) Gaussian mixture models, 2) denoising diffusion probabilistic models, and 3) flow matching. The main purpose o"], ["software", "LAR-20644-1", "LAR-20644-1", "Sequential Monte Carlo-based Symbolic Regression (SMC-SR)", "data and image processing", "LARC", "Sequential Monte Carlo-based Symbolic Regression (SMC-SR) is a software that performs symbolic regression, a prevalent interpretable machine learning technique, to estimate mathematical equations from data. The software requires labeled numerical data, representing inputs and their corresponding out"], ["software", "LAR-20673-1", "LAR-20673-1", "Loft: An Automated Mesh Generator for Stiffened Shell Aerospace Vehicles", "structures and mechanisms", "LARC", "Loft is an automated parametric mesh generation code that is designed for aerospace vehicle structures. From user input, Loft generates meshes for wings, noses, tanks, fuselage sections, thrust structures, and so on. As a mesh is generated, each element is assigned properties to mark the part of the"], ["software", "LAR-20681-1", "LAR-20681-1", "TAURAS - Traffic Awareness and Ubiquitous Real-time Airspace Surveillance", "aeronautics", "LARC", "The TAURAS display is a simple-to-use display tool that processes live RADAR, ADS-B, UAS Remote ID, and FLARM feeds and superimposes them onto an easy-to-visualize graphical display. This display can then be used for surveillance of a specific area. This tool can be used for flight planning, flight "], ["software", "LAR-20691-1", "LAR-20691-1", "Baseball Avoidance Multirotor (BAM) Simulation V1.1", "autonomous systems", "LARC", "The baseball avoidance multirotor (BAM) simulation is an open-source release of a nonlinear, rigid body, realistic visualization, sixdegree-of-freedom simulation intended to foster collaboration and comparison between researchers studying the areas of perception, prediction, and planning for autonom"], ["software", "LAR-20712-1", "LAR-20712-1", "Vulcan-CFD", "aeronautics", "LARC", "VULCAN-CFD offers a comprehensive set of capabilities to enable the simulation of continuum flowfields from subsonic to hypersonic conditions. The governing equations that are employed include allowances for both chemical and thermal non-equilibrium processes, coupled with a wide variety of turbulen"], ["software", "LAR-20726-1", "LAR-20726-1", "HyperSolve Version 1.1", "aeronautics", "LARC", "HyperSolve version 1.1 is an unstructured grid CFD solver, specializing in the simulation of hypersonic flows."], ["software", "LAR-20732-1", "LAR-20732-1", "FROST: Frequency Response Open-Source Toolbox", "data and image processing", "LARC", "FROST is a MATLAB library for estimating frequency response functions from measured digital data. It consolidates a wide array of state-of-the-art techniques spanning the literature across multiple fields into a single, unified package. FROST supports frequency response estimation for single-input a"], ["software", "LEW-11029-1", "LEW-11029-1", "TD2 Axial Turbine Design and Performance Code", "system testing", "GRC", "TD2 performs a streamline analysis that can use meridional velocity gradients to control the radial distribution of work and flow for multistage, multishaft, cooled/uncooled axial-flow turbines. The effects of streamline slope and curvature are included in the radial equilibrium. Hub and tip radii a"], ["software", "LEW-13009-1", "LEW-13009-1", "STAN5", "propulsion", "GRC", "This computer program computes general two-dimensional turbulent boundary-layer flow using finite difference techniques. Without requiring any modifications to the program code, STAN 5 can handle a wide range of boundary-layer problems. The technology has been used extensively at Stanford University"], ["software", "LEW-14060-1", "LEW-14060-1", "Radial Turbine Off-Design (RTOD) Performance Code", "system testing", "GRC", "The RTOD code predicts the performance of a single-stage radial-inflow turbine (with either radial or swept rotor blades) as a function of pressure ratio, speed, and stator setting."], ["software", "LEW-15625-1", "LEW-15625-1", "NASA Lewis Steady-State Heat Pipe Code", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "The NASA Lewis Research Center Heat Pipe (LERCHP) code was developed to predict the performance of heat pipes in the steady state. LERCHP can be used as a design tool on a personal computer or, with a suitable calling routine, as a subroutine for a mainframe radiator code. For accurate heat pipe mod"], ["software", "LEW-16018-1", "LEW-16018-1", "CARES/LIFE", "system testing", "GRC", "This NASA software was developed to predict the reliability and life of structures made from advanced ceramics and other brittle materials (e.g., glass, graphite, and intermetallics)."], ["software", "LEW-16074-1", "LEW-16074-1", "CSPAN Axial-Flow Compressor Conceptual Design Code", "propulsion", "GRC", "This span-line analysis technology uses isentropic simple radial equilibrium to determine a flow path."], ["software", "LEW-16323-1", "LEW-16323-1", "Axial-Flow Turbine Off-Design (AXOD) Performance", "propulsion", "GRC", "AXOD computes the flow and efficiency of multistage axial-flow turbines as functions of speed and pressure ratio. The technology uses a span-line analysis with simple radial equilibrium. The loss model includes blade-row inlet losses, blade-row losses, and stage-test losses. Coefficients are selecte"], ["software", "LEW-16325-1", "LEW-16325-1", "PCSTAGE", "system testing", "GRC", "PCSTAGE is simple computational simulation of multi-stage turbo-machinery blade-to-blade flows on a surface of revolution."], ["software", "LEW-16330-1", "LEW-16330-1", "SCISEAL", "system testing", "GRC", "This computer program has been used to study the fluid dynamic forces in SEALS."], ["software", "LEW-16369-1", "LEW-16369-1", "MERIDLN", "system testing", "GRC", "MERIDLN is a Fortran program for calculating velocities/streamlines of axial-, radial-, or mixed-flow turbo-machinery or annular ducts on the hub-shroud mid-channel stream surface."], ["software", "LEW-16582-1", "LEW-16582-1", "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Seal Analysis Code", "propulsion", "GRC", "This technology is a computer program designed for the study of fluid dynamic forces."], ["software", "LEW-16768-1", "LEW-16768-1", "Advanced Ducted Propfan Analysis Code (ADPAC)", "propulsion", "GRC", "Developed by the Allison Engine Company under contracts with Glenn Research Center, ADPAC solves tightly coupled internal/external flows through future-concept short-duct turbofan engines."], ["software", "LEW-16851-1", "LEW-16851-1", "GRAPE.107", "system testing", "GRC", "GRAPE is a two-dimensional elliptic grid generation code to be used with isolated airfoils. This modified version of the software (with application for turbomachinery blades) can generate grids for the RVCQ3D turbo-machinery analysis code."], ["software", "LEW-16851-2", "LEW-16851-2", "RVCQ3D.406", "system testing", "GRC", "RVCQ3D is a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis code for turbo-machinery (e.g., compressors, turbines, and mixed-flow machines). The technology solves Navier-Stokes equations on a blade-to-blade surface of revolution using explicit finite-difference techniques. Three differen"], ["software", "LEW-16851-3", "LEW-16851-3", "TSONIC", "system testing", "GRC", "The TSONIC Fortran program calculates the transonic velocity on the blade-to-blade stream surface of a turbo-machine."], ["software", "LEW-16851-4", "LEW-16851-4", "BLAYER", "propulsion", "GRC", "BLAYER is a Fortran program used for calculating compressible laminar and turbulent boundary layers in arbitrary pressure gradients."], ["software", "LEW-16855-1", "LEW-16855-1", "APNASA, Average-Passage Multistage Turbomachinery Flow Field Analysis Code", "propulsion", "GRC", "APNASA simulates the three-dimensional viscous flowfield through an entire compressor or turbine consisting of multiple rows of blades in a single computational job. A grid is generated which encompasses all blade rows. Boundary conditions are imposed upstream of the first blade row and downstream o"], ["software", "LEW-17051-1", "LEW-17051-1", "NPSS Numerical Propulsion System Simulation", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a common collaborative full engine simulation tool for the U.S. Government, aerospace industry, and academia called the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). NPSS provides an environment for the analysis and design of propulsion systems for thermodyn"], ["software", "LEW-17051-1A", "LEW-17051-1A", "NPSS Elements, Models and Interfaces", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "Engineering Elements and Sample Models. Note that before the 2.8 release, this release was a part of the overall NPSS package. Package contains the default set of engineering elements, sample models, and interfaces with other software packages."], ["software", "LEW-17052-1", "LEW-17052-1", "Coupled Structural, Thermal, Acoustic, Electromagnetic (CSTEM) Analysis", "system testing", "GRC", "CSTEM is a UNIX executable for coupled structural, thermal, acoustic, and electromagnetic analysis and optimization."], ["software", "LEW-17062-1", "LEW-17062-1", "MGBK Jet Noise Prediction Code", "system testing", "GRC", "The physics-based MGBK code predicts subsonic and low-supersonic jet mixing noise and shock noise. Predictions are in the form of far-field sound pressure level (SPL) and frequency spectra on an arc or a sideline."], ["software", "LEW-17063-1", "LEW-17063-1", "Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System (TFaNS 1.4)", "system testing", "GRC", "TFaNS predicts tone noise emanating from a fan stage, including the effects of reflection and transmission by the rotor and stator and by the duct inlet and nozzle."], ["software", "LEW-17063-2", "LEW-17063-2", "Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System (TFaNS 1.5)", "system testing", "GRC", "TFaNS predicts tone noise emanating from a fan stage, including the effects of reflection and transmission by the rotor and stator and by the duct inlet and nozzle. Version 1.5 upgrades include: the SOURCE3D subprogram's ability to perform transmission-loss calculation for modes scattering into them"], ["software", "LEW-17065-1", "LEW-17065-1", "V072 Rotor Wake/Stator Interaction Noise Prediction", "propulsion", "GRC", "The V072 computer code predicts noise from rotor wake/stator interactions. The technology can perform compressor rotor wake prediction only, rotor/stator or fan/FEGV interaction only, fan/core stator interaction only, and both fan/FEGV and fan/core stator interactions."], ["software", "LEW-17214-1", "LEW-17214-1", "CORBASec", "propulsion", "GRC", "This technology has been used for distributed aerospace propulsion simulations."], ["software", "LEW-17228-1", "LEW-17228-1", "AirShow 1.1.1", "system testing", "GRC", "The AirShow software package enables 3D visualization of computational meshes and computed flow-field data associated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The program displays structured grid blocks and computational grid planes."], ["software", "LEW-17247-1", "LEW-17247-1", "Integrated Composite Analyzer In JAVA (ICAN/JAVA)", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "ICAN/JAVA, the Integrated Composite Analyzer written in Java, was primarily designed to analyze the hygrothermomechanical response and properties of fiber- or particulate-reinforced, resin-matrix layered composite materials, given the local membrane loads and bending moments. ICAN/JAVA was coded in "], ["software", "LEW-17279-1", "LEW-17279-1", "Fan Broadband Noise Prediction Code", "system testing", "GRC", "This NASA-developed technology predicts the dipole and quadruple noise that results from the interaction of anisotropic homogeneous turbulence with a rotor or stator."], ["software", "LEW-17293-1", "LEW-17293-1", "A Comprehensive C Controller For A Magnetically Supported Vertical Rotor: Version 1.0", "propulsion", "GRC", "FATMaCC (Five-Axis, Three-Magnetic-Bearing Control Code), is a versatile control code that possesses many desirable features that were not available in previous in-house controllers. The ultimate goal in designing this code was to achieve full rotor levitation and control at a loop time of 50 s. Usi"], ["software", "LEW-17293-2", "LEW-17293-2", "Software For System For Controlling A Magnetically Levitated Rotor", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "FATMaCC (Five-Axis, Three-Magnetic-Bearing Control Code), is a versatile control code that possesses many desirable features that were not available in previous in-house controllers. The ultimate goal in designing this code was to achieve full rotor levitation and control at a loop time of 50 s. Usi"], ["software", "LEW-17294-1", "LEW-17294-1", "Tempest", "system testing", "GRC", "Tempest was created to provide Internet/Intranet connectivity to real-time embedded applications."], ["software", "LEW-17307-1", "LEW-17307-1", "Broadband Fan Noise Prediction System (BFaNS)", "propulsion", "GRC", "BFaNS computes the broadband noise generated by a turbofan engine's fan stage. Noise sources can include turbulence impingement and boundary-layer turbulence convection."], ["software", "LEW-17325-1", "LEW-17325-1", "WOBBLE", "propulsion", "GRC", "This technology computes the tone noise associated with propellers and predicts axial and circumferential directivity. The acoustic model is exact and accounts for all unsteady sources."], ["software", "LEW-17346-1", "LEW-17346-1", "LINFLUX, 3D Linearized Unsteady Aerodynamic Analysis", "system testing", "GRC", "LINFLUX is a three-dimensional, linearized, unsteady aerodynamic analysis (and code) that can be used to predict the aero-acoustic/aero-elastic responses of axial-flow turbo-machinery blade rows to aerodynamic/structural excitations."], ["software", "LEW-17386-1", "LEW-17386-1", "Multiple Pure Tone (MPT) Noise Code", "system testing", "GRC", "The MPT noise prediction procedure is based on uniform-rotor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of BPF tonal content in conjunction with engineering (statistical) correlation information of blade-to-blade non-uniformity effects."], ["software", "LEW-17399-1", "LEW-17399-1", "SmaggIce Windows, Version 2.0", "system testing", "GRC", "The SmaggIce software toolkit can be used to create structured grids for single- or multi-element 2D iced airfoils in preparation for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Software tools will measure ice shape characteristics, add artificial ice shapes, prepare an ice surface for gridding, pe"], ["software", "LEW-17399-2", "LEW-17399-2", "SmaggIce UNIX, Version 2.0", "system testing", "GRC", "The SmaggIce software toolkit can be used to create structured grids for single- or multi-element 2D iced airfoils in preparation for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Software tools will measure ice shape characteristics, add artificial ice shapes, prepare an ice surface for gridding, pe"], ["software", "LEW-17448-1", "LEW-17448-1", "ACD Aerodynamic Design of Multistage Axial-Flow Compressors", "propulsion", "GRC", "ACD is an analysis code used for the aerodynamic design of multistage axial-flow compressors. The technology provides velocity diagrams on the streamlines at the blade-row edges. Blade elements are defined by centerline curve and thickness distribution, and blade-element inlet and outlet angles are "], ["software", "LEW-17449-1", "LEW-17449-1", "ACOD Multistage Axial-Flow Compressor Off-design", "propulsion", "GRC", "A companion tool to Glenn Research Center's ACD software (LEW-17448), ACOD is streamline analysis code for predicting the off-design performance of multistage axial-flow compressors. Flow, blading, and loss are modeled similarly to ACD."], ["software", "LEW-17450-1", "LEW-17450-1", "Centrifugal Off-Design Performance (CCODP) Compressor", "propulsion", "GRC", "CCODP is a one-dimensional off-design performance prediction code used for centrifugal compressors. Correlations account for the following types of loss: inlet guide vane, impeller incidence, shock, skin friction, blade loading, trailing edge, clearance, vaneless and vaned diffuser friction, recircu"], ["software", "LEW-17450-1A", "LEW-17450-1A", "CCGEOM", "structures and mechanisms", "GRC", "CCGEOM is a Fortran computer code developed to facilitate the rapid generation of the flow passage and blading for various turbomachinery components."], ["software", "LEW-17451-1", "LEW-17451-1", "CMPSTK Multi-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor Off-Design", "propulsion", "GRC", "Developed for studying variable geometry effects at the conceptual design level, CMPSTK is a combination of the STGSTK and CMPGEN computer codes. STGSTK predicts multistage axial-flow compressor off-design performance using mean-line stage stacking, and CMPGEN estimates design-speed flow range and e"], ["software", "LEW-17452-1", "LEW-17452-1", "Centrifugal Compressor Design (CCD) code", "system testing", "GRC", "This NASA-developed technology provides a rapid preliminary assessment of the design geometry and the design-point performance of centrifugal compressors. The analysis is based on a one-dimensional flow model with correlations for the following losses: inlet guide vane, rotor inlet shock, incidence,"], ["software", "LEW-17453-1", "LEW-17453-1", "RTD Radial-Inflow Turbine Conceptual Design Code", "system testing", "GRC", "The RTD code executes a conceptual design for a single-stage radial-inflow turbine. A mean-line analysis is performed for the locations having constant radius over the blade span. Constant span-fraction sectors are used at the rotor exit. The analysis can account for stator end-wall clearance flow a"], ["software", "LEW-17454-1", "LEW-17454-1", "TURBAN Turbomachine Design Code", "propulsion", "GRC", "TURBAN analysis is performed at the arithmetic mean diameter. The stage velocity diagrams are either all similar (therefore have the same work factor) or are determined from an input stage work split. All stages have the same stator exit angle. Stage-by-stage tailoring of the velocity diagrams is no"], ["software", "LEW-17465-1", "LEW-17465-1", "Arbitrary Accuracy Nonlinear Euler Solver", "system testing", "GRC", "This NASA-developed code is the first in the world to solve the nonlinear Euler equations to at least 15th-order accuracy in space and time in two dimensions. It is capable of even higher order accuracy if sufficient computer precision is available."], ["software", "LEW-17514-1", "LEW-17514-1", "TURBO-AE: An Aeroelastic And Multi-stage Aerodynamic Analysis Code Based On Unsteady Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations", "aeronautics", "GRC", "An aeroelastic and unsteady aerodynamic analysis code has been developed for prediction of flutter, forced response, performance and rotor-stator interaction effects. The analysis provides a high-fidelity modeling of subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow regimes with attached and separated flow fi"], ["software", "LEW-17635-1", "LEW-17635-1", "TCGRID v.400", "system testing", "GRC", "TCGRID is a three-dimensional grid-generation code for turbo-machinery blades. The software can generate single- or multi-block grids that are compatible with several computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis codes, including SWIFT and ADPAC."], ["software", "LEW-17635-2", "LEW-17635-2", "SWIFT, v.400", "system testing", "GRC", "SWIFT is a multi-block computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis code for turbo-machinery. The software, which solves Navier-Stokes equations using explicit finite-difference techniques, can be used for linear cascades, isolated blade rows, or multistage machines. Three differencing schemes are av"], ["software", "LEW-17670-1", "LEW-17670-1", "Time-Accurate Quasi-One Dimensional Reactive Code For Design And Analysis Of Gasdynamic-Based Propulsion Systems", "propulsion", "GRC", "A time-accurate, quasi-one-dimensional, reactive CFD code for design and analysis of gasdynamic-based propulsion systems has been developed. These include, but are not limited to, wave rotor based internal and external combustion systems, Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs), and deflagrative pulse combu"], ["software", "LEW-17674-1", "LEW-17674-1", "Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (MAPSS)", "propulsion", "GRC", "MAPSS is a flexible turbofan engine simulation environment that provides easy access to health, control, and engine parameters through a graphical user interface. The technology can be used as a simulation environment for developing and testing advanced control algorithms, or it can run transient si"], ["software", "LEW-17677-1", "LEW-17677-1", "Time-Accurate, Sectored, One-Dimensional Reactive Code for Simulation, Prediction, and Control of Combustion Instabilities", "system testing", "GRC", "This sectored one-dimensional model utilizes a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithm to simulate combustion and acoustic processes (including instabilities) in combustors with complex shapes. Utilizing modest computational resources, the code produces realistic results and is well "], ["software", "LEW-17681-1", "LEW-17681-1", "Solar Array Verification and Analysis Tool (SAVANT)", "system testing", "GRC", "The powerful, yet easy-to-use SAVANT quick-engineering code calculates the expected radiation damage to solar cells in Earth orbit. The tool contains ten types of solar cells and four types of cover glass. Radiation damage calculations are based on the Displacement Damage Dose method developed at th"], ["software", "LEW-17687-1", "LEW-17687-1", "Chemical Equilibrium Applications (CEA)", "propulsion", "GRC", "The CEA program calculates chemical equilibrium product concentrations from any set of reactants and determines thermodynamic and transport properties for the product mixture. Built-in applications account for theoretical rocket performance, Chapman-Jouguet detonation parameters, shock-tube paramete"], ["software", "LEW-17816-1", "LEW-17816-1", "SNAP, Version 2.3", "propulsion", "GRC", "SNAP is an N-body high-fidelity propagation program that can model the trajectories of the planets, the Sun, and virtually any natural satellite in the solar system."], ["software", "LEW-17898-1", "LEW-17898-1", "Compressible Flow Toolbox", "propulsion", "GRC", "The Compressible Flow Toolbox is a set of algorithms that solve classical compressible equations for isentropic flow, fanno flow, Rayleigh flow, normal shock, oblique shock, and expansion. Implemented in the MATLAB programming language, the technology can be used in the analysis of one-dimensional s"], ["software", "LEW-18131-1", "LEW-18131-1", "Rotor-Stator Interaction (RSI) Broadband Noise Prediction Code", "system testing", "GRC", "RSI is a Fortran computer code for calculating the spectrum of broadband noise produced by the interaction of fan-rotor wake turbulence with fan-exit guide vanes (i.e., the stator). Provided with incident-turbulence characteristics, the code computes the spectra of acoustic power upstream and downst"], ["software", "LEW-18199-1", "LEW-18199-1", "Jet Noise Prediction Code (JeNo)", "system testing", "GRC", "JeNo is a Fortran 90 computer code that calculates the far-field sound spectral density produced by axisymmetric jets at user-specified observer locations and frequency ranges. The user must provide a structured computational grid and also input a mean flow solution from a Reynolds-Averaged Navier S"], ["software", "LEW-18199-2", "LEW-18199-2", "Jet Noise Prediction Code (JeNo 2.5D)", "system testing", "GRC", "JeNo is a Fortran 90 computer code that evaluates the far-field turbulence-generated noise in non-axisymmetric jets. The propagation Green's function is calculated along a user-specified azimuthal angle (line of sight), but source volume integration is carried out in 3D. The user must provide a stru"], ["software", "LEW-18212-1", "LEW-18212-1", "OXIMAP-A Model for the Oxidation of C/SiC Composite Structures", "system testing", "GRC", "The OXIMAP software has been used to analyze the oxidation behavior of carbon-fiber-reinforced composite structures."], ["software", "LEW-18229-1", "LEW-18229-1", "NESSUS 6.2C", "system testing", "GRC", "The NESSUS 6.2c computer program is a set of separate but related modules for solving a wide range of component and system probabilistic and reliability problems, including finite element analysis, heat transfer analysis, geometry generation, and ceramic material property generation."], ["software", "LEW-18315-1", "LEW-18315-1", "Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPSS)", "propulsion", "GRC", "Written in a combination of MATLAB and Simulink, C-MAPSS provides a realistic simulation of a large commercial turbofan engine. The technology includes a number of graphical user-interface screens that allow point-and-click operation."], ["software", "LEW-18315-2", "LEW-18315-2", "Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPSS), Version 2", "propulsion", "GRC", "Version 2 of C-MAPSS provides a transient simulation of a large commercial turbofan engine with a realistic engine control system. Written in a combination of MATLAB and Simulink, the software supports easy access to health, control, and engine parameters through a graphical user interface. Retainin"], ["software", "LEW-18321-1", "LEW-18321-1", "RAT-EDA", "system testing", "GRC", "This NASA-developed technology is a MATLAB-language computer program for exploratory data analysis. Through the fast post-processing of measured time-series Raman spectral data, RAT-EDA reveals thermo-chemical properties and turbulent-chemistry interactions in combustion. The computer program deduce"], ["software", "LEW-18343-1", "LEW-18343-1", "IceVal DatAssistant", "system testing", "GRC", "This NASA-developed technology provides an improved mechanism for managing the large volume of data generated and utilized in performing icing research."], ["software", "LEW-18371-1", "LEW-18371-1", "Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy (ProDiMES), Version 1.0", "system testing", "GRC", "The Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy (ProDiMES) provides a standard benchmarking problem and a set of evaluation metrics to enable comparison of candidate aircraft engine gas-path diagnostic methods. The MATLAB-based tool enables users to develop and evaluate diagnostic methods indep"], ["software", "LEW-18402-1", "LEW-18402-1", "PMESH", "system testing", "GRC", "The PMESH grid-generation program produces three-dimensional blade-passage meshes for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of advanced single- or counter-rotation turboprops and propfans."], ["software", "LEW-18460-1", "LEW-18460-1", "A Software Platform for Post-Processing Waveform-Based NDE - V2.0", "structures and mechanisms", "GRC", "A Software Platform for Post-Processing Waveform-Based NDE - V2.0The NDE Wave"], ["software", "LEW-18493-1", "LEW-18493-1", "Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I)Delay/Disruption-Tolerant (DTN) Networking Software", "operations", "GRC", "This code is a DTN implementation of the Constellation Program's C3I software."], ["software", "LEW-18494-1", "LEW-18494-1", "Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Networking Software", "operations", "GRC", "This implementation of the Constellation Program's C3I software has provided an environment for the prototype testing of a variety of networking protocols."], ["software", "LEW-18495-1", "LEW-18495-1", "Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Voice Exchange Software", "operations", "GRC", "This implementation of the Constellation Program's C3I software has provided an environment for the prototype testing of a variety of voice exchange components."], ["software", "LEW-18550-1", "LEW-18550-1", "Open MDAO: The Next Generation Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) Open Source Framework", "vehicle management space air ground", "GRC", "OpenMDAO is the initial version of the next generation Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) open source framework. OpenMDAO is the open source framework developed by NASA that will be accessible via an open source website to reach the entire broad based MDAO community to facilit"], ["software", "LEW-18562-1", "LEW-18562-1", "Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) Compliance Tools", "operations", "GRC", "These tools are used to help verify software compliance to the NASA-developed Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) architecture. The goal of STRS is to support waveform application portability, upgradability, and reduce the cost and risk of using Software Defined Radios for NASA. ComplianceT"], ["software", "LEW-18573-1", "LEW-18573-1", "LEWICE 3.2.3 Ice Accretion Software", "system testing", "GRC", "LEWICE contains an analytical ice accretion model that evaluates the freezing process thermodynamics that occur when super-cooled droplets impinge on a body. Both atmospheric parameters (i.e., temperature, pressure, and velocity) and meteorological parameters (i.e., liquid water content, droplet dia"], ["software", "LEW-18624-1", "LEW-18624-1", "Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation 40k (C-MAPSS40k)", "propulsion", "GRC", "Developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, C-MAPSS40k is a high-fidelity transient simulation of a generic commercial turbofan engine with a 40,000-pound thrust. The nonlinear physics-based component-level model operates up to Mach 0.8 over a wide ambient temperature range and executes faster tha"], ["software", "LEW-18640-1", "LEW-18640-1", "NDE Wave & Image Processor (NDEWIP V3.0)", "system testing", "GRC", "The NDE Wave & Image Processor software application has been created to provide a state-of-the-art, comprehensive, integrated science-based tool for the advanced visualization, processing, and analysis of NDE and health-monitoring waveform- and image-based data. With NDEWIP, the user has access to a"], ["software", "LEW-18815-1", "LEW-18815-1", "Systematic Sensor Selection Strategy (S4) Software", "system testing", "GRC", "The Systematic Sensor Selection Strategy (S4) optimally selects a sensor suite from a larger pool of candidate sensors based on their performance in a diagnostic system. S4's user-defined fault-diagnostic approach considers conflicting objectives including cost, weight, and reliability."], ["software", "LEW-18993-1", "LEW-18993-1", "\"NASA Glenn Research Center: The Early Years\" for iPad", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Photographic gallery type application containing imagery and descriptions from the GRC image archive. Photos and data cover the period from 1941-1979. The software has been compiled and bundled as an iOS app for the iPad and intended for release through the Apple App Store."], ["software", "LEW-19031-1", "LEW-19031-1", "Computed Tomography Cylinder Unwrapper/Re-slicer Software (CT-CURS), Version 2", "propulsion", "GRC", "CT-CURS is a dedicated unwrapping/re-slicing software tool for computing tomography data from cylindrical and partially cylindrical structures. The technology can be used as a complement to vendor software or can be utilized as a completely standalone visualization program."], ["software", "LEW-19032-1", "LEW-19032-1", "Acoustic Emission Analysis Applet (AEAA) Software", "materials and processes", "GRC", "Post-processing software has been developed at NASA that is tailored for novel analysis of composite pressure vessels acoustic emission (AE) data. The software can be used with data acquired from Digital Wave, Inc. and Mistras Group (Physical Acoustics, Inc.) hardware"], ["software", "LEW-19061-1", "LEW-19061-1", "Object-oriented Turbomachinery Analysis Code (OTAC)", "propulsion", "GRC", "The OTAC software is a set of interpreted objects that extend the capabilities of the NPSS software framework to allow for design and analysis of turbomachinery. OTAC allows for user specification of various gas compositions as the working fluid. The user also has flexibility in selecting loss model"], ["software", "LEW-19083-1", "LEW-19083-1", "Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) Reference Implementation (RI)", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The STRS Reference Implementation is a demonstration of the STRS architecture. The STRS Architecture Standard for software defined radios (SDRs) is an open architecture for NASA space and ground radios. The STRS standard provides a common, consistent framework to develop, qualify, operate and mainta"], ["software", "LEW-19165-1", "LEW-19165-1", "Toolbox for the Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-MATS)", "propulsion", "GRC", "T-MATS is open source software code. The Toolbox for the Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-MATS) is a Simulink toolbox intended for use in the modeling and simulation of thermodynamic systems and their controls. T-MATS contains generic thermodynamic and controls components that may b"], ["software", "LEW-19177-1", "LEW-19177-1", "Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA)", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA)The Tool for Turbine Engine Closed-loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) is a tool, developed in the Mathworks(R) Matlab/Simulink enviornment, intended to extend systems analysis by providing an estimate of the transient performance/capabil"], ["software", "LEW-19225-1", "LEW-19225-1", "SCaN Optical Link Budget Tool", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "A calculational procedure has been designed and implemented in software that enables the specification and design of a space-based optical communications system. The resulting optical link budget essentially accounts for the communication power flow through the entire optical communications channel "], ["software", "LEW-19241-1", "LEW-19241-1", "Extended Testability Analysis (ETA) Tool V8.0", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "This technology disclosure is for the Enhanced Testability Analysis (ETA) Tool V8.0. The version of the ETA Tool is an upgrade of the previous reported ETA Tool (LEW-18795-1). This technology is a NASA Glenn-developed software application that supports fault management (FM) by performing testability"], ["software", "LEW-19264-1", "LEW-19264-1", "EADIN Communication Protocol", "propulsion", "GRC", "The product of this work is a communication protocol which allows microcontrollers to talk with eachother in a structured fashion. As such, it is embodied in C++ code that runs on the microcontroller. The software is not mission certified and is being used for demonstration and testing purposes only"], ["software", "LEW-19286-1", "LEW-19286-1", "Capture Test Waveform for the SCaN Testbed STRS Harris SDR", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The Capture Test Waveform is a software application designed for space-based reconfigurable radios. The innovation allows snapshots of a radio's receiver environment for any number of objectives, such as interference mitigation or radio frequency mapping. Digital samples are acquired and stored in t"], ["software", "LEW-19288-1", "LEW-19288-1", "PyCycle - An Cycle Modeling Tool For Design With Gradient Based Optimization", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "PyCycle is a novel software library written in the Python Programming language. It allows a user to perform standard engine cycle analysis, while also providing analytic derivative (sensitivity) calculations to the end user. This allows Pycycle to be very efficiently used by (or incorporated within)"], ["software", "LEW-19307-1", "LEW-19307-1", "Reconfigurable Bandwidth-Efficient Transmit Waveform for High-Rate Telemetry - STRS", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "The Reconfigurable Bandwidth-Efficient Transmit Waveform for High-rate Telemetry supports gigabit-per-second data rates and continuously-tunable modulated symbol rates into the hundreds of Msymbols/second on most devices. The supported modulations include GMSK, BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, 8-PSK, 16-APSK, 16-"], ["software", "LEW-19313-1", "LEW-19313-1", "SCaN Optical Link Assessment Tool Version 2", "operations", "GRC", "A calculation procedure has been designed and implemented in software that enables the specification and design of a space-based optical communications system. The resulting optical link budget essentially accounts for the communication power flow through the entire optical communications channel fr"], ["software", "LEW-19323-1", "LEW-19323-1", "IPv6 Python Extension Module", "data and image processing", "GRC", "IPv6 Extension module for Python that allows a user to enable IPv6 features not yet available for any Python versions. Currently, it allows for IPv6 flow labels to be enabled for a given Python socket object."], ["software", "LEW-19351-1", "LEW-19351-1", "Channel Emulator", "system testing", "GRC", "The Channel Emulator (CE) is a software-based network testing tool. Its primary functions are providing data framing services, acting as a flexible protocol gateway, and providing network emulation capabilities. The software caneasily accept one protocol, optionally extract the payload, send out as "], ["software", "LEW-19389-1", "LEW-19389-1", "FPGA Code Development for the iPAS STRS Radio", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The innovation is FPGA VHDL code written as part of the iPAS STRS Radio development. The purpose of the FPGA design is the implementation of the signal processing functions of the STRS radio architecture in the IPAS RAICs platform. The FPGA design will consist of two parts the FPGA wrapper and the t"], ["software", "LEW-19433-1", "LEW-19433-1", "LEWICE3D, Version 3.63", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "LEWICE3D is a software system capable of predicting the accumulation of ice on three-dimensional aircraft surfaces given the flight and meteorological conditions representative of an icing cloud. The software utilizes input information of the airflow surrounding the body of interest and then calcula"], ["software", "LEW-19442-1", "LEW-19442-1", "ID Digit Widget Plug-in", "business systems and project management", "GRC", "This software is a plugin for a software tool called MagicDraw by NoMagic. This plug-in utilizes the open-API of MagicDraw and allows the user to manage and validate requirement IDs simply and effectively than the tool. The user can do a single or mass prefix ID changes and/or renumbering and see th"], ["software", "LEW-19463-1", "LEW-19463-1", "SCaN Optical Link Assessment Tool Version 3", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "A calculation procedure has been designed and implemented in software that enables the specification and design of a space-based optical communications system. The resulting optical link budget essentially accounts for the communication power flow through the entire optical communications channel fr"], ["software", "LEW-19478-1", "LEW-19478-1", "STRS Adaptive Coding and Modulation Waveform for Space Communication", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "An Adaptive Coding and Modulation Waveform for Space Communication has been developed and demonstrated on a space-qualified software defined radio (SDR). The waveform utilizes the commercial Digital Video Broadcasting- Second Generation (DVB-S2) standard to provide a suite of modulation and encoding"], ["software", "LEW-19488-1", "LEW-19488-1", "Simplified Quasi-Two-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation for Rotating Detonation Engine Analysis", "propulsion", "GRC", "A quasi-two-dimensional, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of a rotating detonation engine (RDE) has been developed. The simulation operates in the detonation frame of reference and utilizes a relatively coarse grid such that only the essential primary flow field structure is captured. Th"], ["software", "LEW-19522-1", "LEW-19522-1", "Tool for Generation of MAC/GMC Representative Unit Cell for CMC/PMC Analysis", "structures and mechanisms", "GRC", "This is a Graphics user interface (GUI) based tool that generates a number of different user-defined repeating unit cells (RUCs) interactively that can be used in conjunction with the composite micromechanics based analysis tool MAC GMC and HF GMC.In addition, the code has provisions for generation "], ["software", "LEW-19593-1", "LEW-19593-1", "Software Architecture Framework for Extensibility using Dynamic Assembly of Reflective Types (SAFE-DART)", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "SAFE-DART is a framework designed to increase the extensibility and flexibility of a software system written in C++ and utilizing the Qt C++ framework from The Qt Company. SAFE-DART adds flexibility to the software system by making it simple to change Computer Software Components (CSC) by selecting "], ["software", "LEW-19620-1", "LEW-19620-1", "Multipath TCP (MPTCP) Tools, Analytics, and Configurations", "operations", "GRC", "A collection of tools, scripts, and configurations to allow the use of Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) across multiple point to point interfaces such as those commonly used for satellite and optical links.This collection includes configurations for Multipath TCP (a new transport protoc"], ["software", "LEW-19643-1", "LEW-19643-1", "STRS Flight Computer Interface (FCI) app for Core Flight System", "operations", "GRC", "This software implements an application that executes within the NASA core flight system (cFS) that provides required STRS operating environment components using cFS and the corresponding Operating System Abstraction Layer (OSAL). This software utilizes the portable C/C++ STRS OE implementation desc"], ["software", "LEW-19644-1", "LEW-19644-1", "Portable C/C++ STRS Operating Environment Library and Reference Implementation", "operations", "GRC", "A portable software library which implements the fundamental components of the Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) operating environment as described in the latest revision of NASA standard 4009 (NASA-STD-4009A).This software library is intended to reduce the development cost associated wit"], ["software", "LEW-19686-1", "LEW-19686-1", "CMPGEN: A Modeling Tool Used to Compute Off-Design Performance Of Fans, Boosters, And Compressors", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "CMPGEN is a modeling tool used to compute off-design performance of axial fans, boosters, and compressors. Users can obtain rapid and consistent off-design performance characteristics from simple design point inputs. Component performance maps suitable for use in the Numerical Propulsion System Simu"], ["software", "LEW-19687-1", "LEW-19687-1", "Weight Analysis of Turbine Engine - an Object-Oriented Version (WATE++)", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "WATE++ is an object-oriented computer code for gas turbine engine weight estimation; it calculates the weight and dimension of each major gas turbine engine component. It is used to create engine architecture that could achieve an engine thermodynamic cycle produced by a thermodynamic cycle code. Th"], ["software", "LEW-19702-1", "LEW-19702-1", "SGNDI (Separable Grid N-Dimensional Interpolator)", "data and image processing", "GRC", "This is a software library for multidimensional numerical data interpolation, in an arbitrary number of dimensions. Analytical gradients are supported."], ["software", "LEW-19703-1", "LEW-19703-1", "Ozone: ODE and Optimal Control Solver", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Ozone is a Python software package that facilitates the solution of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and optimal control problems. It is unique among similar libraries because of its capability to compute derivatives of the ODEs integrated outputs with respect to parameters, initial conditions"], ["software", "LEW-19709-1", "LEW-19709-1", "GFR: Glenn Flux Reconstruction", "aeronautics", "GRC", "GFR is a high-order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Fortran code for large-eddy simulations. It is based on the simple and efficient flux reconstruction method and accurate to an arbitrary order through an user-supplied input parameter. It is currently capable of using unstructured grids containi"], ["software", "LEW-19710-1", "LEW-19710-1", "CCSDS SOIS Electronic Data Sheet Implementation for Core Flight System", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "A set of tools that implement the Electronic Data Sheets specification from the CCSDS SOIS working group, compliant with book CCSDS book 876.0. Integrates with the NASA Core Flight System (CFS) to provide a robust EDS-based command, telemetry, and configuration solution."], ["software", "LEW-19717-1", "LEW-19717-1", "Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000 (AGTF30)", "aeronautics", "GRC", "The Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000 (AGTF30) is a geared turbofan simulation that utilizes the Toolbox for the Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-MATS) to create a steady-state and dynamic engine model within MATLAB/Simulink. The engine model is based upon an N+3 geared turbofan conce"], ["software", "LEW-19723-1", "LEW-19723-1", "STRS Modular and Portable QPSK Transceiver Waveform for Software-Defined Radios", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "A QPSK transceiver waveform has been developed and implemented on a commercially-available ground-based software defined radio platform. The waveform utilizes legacy NASA forward error correction codes and Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) data framing standards. It's controlled "], ["software", "LEW-19737-1", "LEW-19737-1", "NASA Root Cause Analysis Tool (RCAT)", "business systems and project management", "GRC", "The NASA Root Cause Analysis Tool (RCAT) has been designed to facilitate the analysis of anomalies, close calls, and accidents and also identify the appropriate corrective actions to prevent recurrence. The software provides an analyst with a quick, easy-to-use, accurate, and repeatable method to pe"], ["software", "LEW-19857-1", "LEW-19857-1", "NPSS Electrical Power System Analysis Toolbox", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "An electrical power system analysis tool that can integrate with traditional combustion based propulsion models to analyze the potential benefits of aircraft electrification in the NPSS environment. This toolbox basic (text book based) electrical power system component models and an electrical port "], ["software", "LEW-19874-1", "LEW-19874-1", "Thermodynamically Coupled Air-Droplet Icing Wind Tunnel Model (TADICE)", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "This one dimensional (1D) numerical model (software) simulates icing wind tunnels by modeling the thermodynamic interactions between the water/ice particles of an icing cloud and the flowing air. The model attempts to explain the observed changes in test conditions at the tunnel test section, such a"], ["software", "LEW-19879-1", "LEW-19879-1", "Periodic Table of Life", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "The Periodic Table of Life (PeTaL) is a tool and open source framework that uses artificial intelligence to aid in the systematic inquiry of biology for its application to human systems. This paper defines the PeTaL concept and workflow. Biomimicry, biophysics, biomimetics, bionics and numerous othe"], ["software", "LEW-19897-1", "LEW-19897-1", "A High-Speed Software Implementation of Delay-Tolerant Networking", "operations", "GRC", "Delay Tolerant Networking (or DTN) has been identified as a key technology to facilitate the development and growth of future space networks.Existing DTN implementations have emphasized operation in constrained environments with relatively limited resources and low data speeds. As various technologi"], ["software", "LEW-19897-2", "LEW-19897-2", "High-rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) Network Operations Release", "operations", "GRC", "The High-rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) Network Operations Release is the culmination of multiple years of software development, end-to-end network testing, flight experiment operations, and formal verification and validation per NASA Procedural Requirements 7150.2D to mature early HDTN proto"], ["software", "LEW-19994-1", "LEW-19994-1", "OpenMDAO V2", "aeronautics", "GRC", "OpenMDAO is an open-source high-performance computing platform for systems analysis and multidisciplinary optimization, written in Python. It enables you to decompose your models, making them easier to build and maintain, while still solving them in a tightly coupled manner with efficient parallel n"], ["software", "LEW-20017-1", "LEW-20017-1", "Electrical Power System - Sizing and Analysis Tool (EPS-SAT)", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The Electrical Power System - Sizing and Analysis Tool (EPS-SAT) is a tool whose purpose is to analyze electrical power system architectures in order to better direct investment dollars and to expose the strengths and weaknesses of various designs. The software uses on- and off-design modes to compl"], ["software", "LEW-20027-1", "LEW-20027-1", "COMDES-MELT: A Turbofan Engine Icing Risk Analysis Tool", "aeronautics", "GRC", "The engine icing risk prediction code, COMDES-MELT, is a mean-line compressor analysis code coupled with an ice crystal thermodynamic state code. The COMDES-MELT code computes the velocity, pressure, temperature, and flow angles at the leading edge and trailing edge of each blade row, at the hub, me"], ["software", "LEW-20090-1", "LEW-20090-1", "CCSDS Optical Communications High Photon Efficiency Telemetry Signaling Transmit Waveform VHDL/Verilog", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "This technology is a VHDL and Verilog implementation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Optical Communications High Photon Efficiency Telemetry Signaling waveform. The CCSDS 142.0-B-1 Blue Book from August 2019 is implemented. The implementation includes a data source, tran"], ["software", "LEW-20091-1", "LEW-20091-1", "An Encoding and Decoding Library for the Bundle Protocol", "data and image processing", "GRC", "As part of the implementation of a high-rate DTN, it was necessary to implement a standards-compliant software library that is capable of parsing various versions of protocol headers. This library could offer some benefit to other NASA centers (and possibly academia / industry) who are interested in"], ["software", "LEW-20096-1", "LEW-20096-1", "STRS GPS and Galileo Receiver for the ISS (GARISS)", "data and image processing", "GRC", "The GARISS waveform implements a GNSS receiver that performs position determination using the L5/E5a band of the GPS/Galileo satellite constellations. It was operated in a space environment on the SCaN Testbed platform aboard the ISS. The waveform takes L-band input as one bit samples at 38 MHz and "], ["software", "LEW-20097-1", "LEW-20097-1", "Electrical Modeling and Thermal Analysis Toolbox (EMTAT)", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The Electrical Modeling and Thermal Analysis Toolbox (EMTAT) is a MATLAB/Simulink based building block graphical tool used to create simulations of electrical/power systems. EMTAT is specifically designed to simulate electric/electrified propulsion systems at the level of fidelity (time scale) appro"], ["software", "LEW-20136-1", "LEW-20136-1", "SUPIN Supersonic Inlet Design and Analysis Tool (Version 2025A, June 2025)", "propulsion", "GRC", "The SUPIN Supersonic Inlet Design and Analysis Tool performs design and analysis of axisymmetric pitot, three-dimensional pitot, axisymmetric-spike, two-dimensional, and streamline-traced inlets using an input data file consisting of input factors. SUPIN writes an output data file containing inlet p"], ["software", "LEW-20150-1", "LEW-20150-1", "Zappy - A Load Flow Modeling Tool For Power System Design With Gradient Based Optimization", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Zappy is a software library build on top of the OpenMDAO framework written in the Python Programming language. It provides a modular software code enabling a user to perform standard power system studies, while also providing analytic derivative (sensitivity) calculations to the end user. These anal"], ["software", "LEW-20155-1", "LEW-20155-1", "Glenn Icing Computational Environment (GlennICE)", "aeronautics", "GRC", "GlennICE is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) post processor that simulates an encounter with icing related inclement weather. It utilizes a CFD solution provided by the user from third party CFD software and simulates the impingement of supercooled water and the resulting ice accretion on an aer"], ["software", "LEW-20175-1", "LEW-20175-1", "PyTurbo - A Python Framework for Aero-thermal Gas Turbine Component Design", "aeronautics", "GRC", "PyTurbo is NASA Turbomachinery design tool capable of going from a 2D Airfoil Design to a 3D design of a blade and a blade row. This design tool can wrap heatpipe paths inside the airfoil. PyTurbo is a turbomachinery design tool focused on the development of 3D blade rows consisting of 3D Airfoils. "], ["software", "LEW-20176-1", "LEW-20176-1", "GlennOPT", "aeronautics", "GRC", "GlennOPT is a multi-objective optimization tool for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Applications. It is specifically designed to handle optimization problems involving multiple objectives."], ["software", "LEW-20180-1", "LEW-20180-1", "Three-Dimensional Nozzle Design Code", "propulsion", "GRC", "This program uses the three-dimensional method of characteristics and streamline-tracing techniques to develop complex nozzle expansion surfaces. It is intended to facilitate integration of a high speed vehicle aft-body with its propulsive flowpath."], ["software", "LEW-20181-1", "LEW-20181-1", "MATLAB Software Associated with \"Practical Micromechanics of Composite Materials\" Book, Elsevier Publishing", "materials and processes", "GRC", "This MATLAB software toolset was developed for use in solving the example and exercises provided in the book entitled \"Practical Micromechanics of Composite Materials\" , authored by Prof. J Aboudi, S. M. Arnold and B.A. Bednarcyk. The MATLAB scripts and functions calculate composite effective proper"], ["software", "LEW-20190-1", "LEW-20190-1", "Power Autonomy Research and Development Environment (PARDE)", "autonomous systems", "GRC", "The Power Autonomy Research and Development Environment (PARDE) software package is a version of NASA's Autonomous Power Control (APC) software that can be used to evaluate fault management and automatic power system reconfiguration algorithms in a relevant system without having to fully develop all"], ["software", "LEW-20210-1", "LEW-20210-1", "Python Ground Station for a Core Flight System with CCSDS Electronic Data Sheets Support", "operations", "GRC", "This software package primarily consists of a python based graphical user interface (GUI) which serves as a generic telemetry and telecommand system for any mission that uses core flight systems (cFS) with CCSDS Electronic Data Sheets (EDS) support. The GUI utilizes python bindings to automatically "], ["software", "LEW-20246-1", "LEW-20246-1", "Mphys: Library for Coupling High Fidelity Codes in OpenMDAO", "aeronautics", "GRC", "A modular multi-physics coupling library, built on OpenMDAO, for use with design optimization. This software can compute coupled analytic derivatives for multi-physics models built from a series of PDE solvers, for applications such as aeropropulsive, aerothermal, or aerostructural design."], ["software", "LEW-20249-1", "LEW-20249-1", "Microscopy Segmentation Models", "materials and processes", "GRC", "A new technique was developed for creating highly accurate microscopy image segmentation models with less training data. This technique uses transfer learning from classification models that were pretrained on the massive microscopy image database from the NASA ASG lab. Experiments show that transfe"], ["software", "LEW-20278-1", "LEW-20278-1", "SMAnalytics - Software for the Automated Analysis, Summary, and Reporting of Shape Memory Alloy Tests", "materials and processes", "GRC", "This software describes a new program for automated analysis, summarizing, and reporting of shape memory alloy (SMA) test data. The current version allows automated and standardized analysis of data from standardized test methods pertinent to shape memory alloys: ASTM E3097 Uniaxial Constant Force T"], ["software", "LEW-20281-1", "LEW-20281-1", "AcousticAnalogies.jl: A Propeller/Rotor Acoustics Code Especially Suitable for Gradient-Based Optimization", "aeronautics", "GRC", "AcousticAnalogies.jl is an implementation of Farassat's \"formulation 1A\" (F1A), a mathematical technique used to predict the acoustics radiated by a fluid flow. The F1A method, like all acoustic analogies, is a solution to an inhomogeneous wave equation. The wave equation is derived by manipulating "], ["software", "LEW-20282-1", "LEW-20282-1", "Plot3D PreProcessing and PostProcessing Libraries in Julia and Python", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Plot3D is a widely used format for storing grid data for numerical computation particularly in CFD. This free open source python library enables researchers to have programmatic access to read, write, combine, plot3D files to build a 3D domain. One of the main challenges with simulations using Plot3"], ["software", "LEW-20283-1", "LEW-20283-1", "Airfoil Machine Learning Code and Dataset", "aeronautics", "GRC", "This is the supplemental code and dataset for a paper titled: Predicting 2D Airfoil Performance Using Graph Neural Networks"], ["software", "LEW-20309-1", "LEW-20309-1", "NASMAT PrePost: A Visualization and Analysis Tool for the NASA Multiscale Analysis Tool", "materials and processes", "GRC", "NASMAT PrePost is an open-source python-based visualization and analysis tool that performs pre-processing of inputs and post-processing of results for the NASA Multiscale Analysis Tool (NASMAT). Users can use the tool to generate or open NASMAT input files, run a NASMAT analysis, and visualize mult"], ["software", "LEW-20316-1", "LEW-20316-1", "Optimal Experimental Design With Fast Neural Network Surrogate Models", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "Designing optimal experiments minimizes the uncertainty of results and maximizes the efficient use of resources. This technology uses machine learning surrogate models and the approximate coordinate exchange (ACE) algorithm are used to determine optimal experimental designs (OEDs) over large or arbi"], ["software", "LEW-20319-1", "LEW-20319-1", "Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics Particle (HAP) code", "aeronautics", "GRC", "The Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics Particle (HAP) code is a software tool for numerical simulation of high-speed gas flows, using shared memory parallelization and dynamically adaptive Cartesian grids. HAP is a framework built around the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which is a stochas"], ["software", "LEW-20332-1", "LEW-20332-1", "Earth Surface Bistatic Scattering Coefficient Prediction Model", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "This MATLAB code package provides tools for predicting the bistatic scattering coefficients and coherent reflection coefficients for the water surfaces and land surfaces. These models can be applied at any elevation angle, except grazing incidence, and they work for frequencies between 1 and 100 GHz"], ["software", "LEW-20350-1", "LEW-20350-1", "Optimal Feature Selection Tool with Machine Learning", "materials and processes", "GRC", "The design tool was developed to choose the optimum set of critical features of data that should be controlled to achieve desired target variable for a given acceptable uncertainty. The tool can conduct data science approaches such as exploratory data analysis, low variance threshold, filter, wrappe"], ["software", "LEW-20371-1", "LEW-20371-1", "HeaTSSPy (Heat Transport System Simulation for Python)", "aeronautics", "GRC", "HeaTSSPy is a thermal management system (TMS) concept design package. Written within Python utilizing the OpenMDAO framework, HeaTSSPy seeks to give engineers a useful tool to estimate size, weight, and drag of a liquid and air based TMS. The package is modular and gives access to all the building b"], ["software", "LEW-20403-1", "LEW-20403-1", "Optimal Trajectories by Implicit Simulation (OTIS) Version 5.0: A General Purpose 3-DOF Aerospace Vehicle Trajectory Simulation and Optimization Computer Program", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Optimal Trajectories by Implicit Simulation, Version 5.0 (OTIS5) is a reworking of the OTIS trajectory optimization software development. OTIS5 is a general purpose 3-Degree Of Freedom (DOF) trajectory simulation and optimization software package that is focused on the optimization of aerospace vehi"], ["software", "LEW-20407-1", "LEW-20407-1", "Real-Time Background Oriented Schlieren Software Package Update, 2022", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) is an optical technique for measuring density gradients in flow fields, in quiescent air or even liquids. In traditional BOS, images of a speckled target are recorded using an electronic camera first at quiescent conditions (reference image) and then with the flow"], ["software", "LEW-20413-1", "LEW-20413-1", "Upgrades to OpenNCC", "propulsion", "GRC", "New features added to code addressing combustor cooling and combustor-turbine coupled simulations. The new features included high-order CFD method for large eddy simulations (LES), improved overset mesh interface, vastly improved sliding mesh interface."], ["software", "LEW-20423-1", "LEW-20423-1", "A Simple Model for Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine Sizing and Performance Estimates", "propulsion", "GRC", "A simple model for a Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine (RDRE) engine cycle. Two implementations of this model are provided. The first implementation is a Visual Basic computer code that resides as a macro for execution in a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is the interface for the code w"], ["software", "LEW-20426-1", "LEW-20426-1", "Machine Learning Pressure Probe Calibration Tool", "aeronautics", "GRC", "An open source Machine Learning example code designed to educate the public on how to use Machine Learning to retrieve flow direction from a probe. The framework relies on training a machine learning model on normalized calibration data. A test case is presented with examples to show the user how in"], ["software", "LEW-20430-1", "LEW-20430-1", "Lightweight Onboard Doppler Compensation for Satellite Communications", "data and image processing", "GRC", "This VHDL module runs on a spacecraft's software-defined radio to reduce the effects of Doppler on wireless commnuications. The module implements a linear frequency sweep in the opposite direction of predicted Doppler shift to null out its effects on transmitted or received signals. Designed with re"], ["software", "LEW-20438-1", "LEW-20438-1", "Pyturbo - A Python Framework for Aerodynamic Turbine and Compressor Component Design (Public code release)", "aeronautics", "GRC", "PyTurbo is NASA Turbomachinery design tool capable of going from a 2D Airfoil Design to a 3D design of a blade and a blade row. The intent is to allow users to design 3D turbomachinery passages and export these designs to mesh generators and CFD solvers."], ["software", "LEW-20441-1", "LEW-20441-1", "AUSM Shock Tube Code Release", "aeronautics", "GRC", "This code release is to clarify some of the concepts and present some corrections for the AUSM scheme.Liou, M. S. (1996). A sequel to ausm: Ausm+. Journal of computational Physics, 129(2), 364-382."], ["software", "LEW-20475-1", "LEW-20475-1", "Software Defined Networking Implementation of a Delay Tolerant Networking Bundle Protocol Version 6 and 7 Translator", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "The proposed software has the Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4) logic to translate between Bundle Protocol (BP) version 6 and version 7 on an Aurora 710 networking switch containing an Intel Tofino integrated circuit (IC) through data plan programming."], ["software", "LEW-20480-1", "LEW-20480-1", "Radio Frequency Mass Gauge Analysis Software (RFMG-AS)", "data and image processing", "GRC", "The Radio Frequency Mass Gauge (RFMG) is a propellant gauging technique developed for gauging cryogenic propellants in low gravity and normal settled environments. This New Technology Report is for the RFMG-AS, a MATLAB-based software suite with a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows processin"], ["software", "LEW-20492-1", "LEW-20492-1", "Automatic Image Analysis of Environmental Barrier Coating Thermally Grown Oxide Layers using Machine Learning and Computer Vision", "data and image processing", "GRC", "Uses machine learning and computer vision to automatically measure microstructure features from images of environmental barrier coatings. Quantifying microstructure is critical to designing better materials by establishing processing-structure-property relationships. Previous measurement techniques "], ["software", "LEW-20511-1", "LEW-20511-1", "CCSDS Optical Communications High Photon Efficiency Transmit Downlink Waveform Matlab Model", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "This technology is a Matlab model of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Optical Communications High Photon Efficiency downlink transmit waveform. The model implements the CCSDS 142.0-B-1 Blue Book from August 2019. This includes a data source, transfer frame synchronization ma"], ["software", "LEW-20529-1", "LEW-20529-1", "GRC Lunar Site Analysis Software", "operations", "GRC", "This set of analysis functions can be used to assess lunar landing site solar illumination and communication availability using lunar terrain masks obtained from the terrain data, obtained from measurements of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbite"], ["software", "LEW-20538-1", "LEW-20538-1", "Aviary", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Aviary is an aircraft design, analysis, and optimization code based in OpenMDAO. It includes the propulsion, aerodynamics, weights, and mission computational routines of both the GASP and FLOPS codes, and allows for flexible switching between these routines. It also can incorporate external subsyste"], ["software", "LEW-20560-1", "LEW-20560-1", "Cryogenic Flow Boiling in Heated Tubes Code Infrastructure for Thermal Desktop", "propulsion", "GRC", "To enable the design of future in-space cryogenic propellant vehicles such as Lunar and Martian ascent and descent stages and the nuclear thermal propulsion system, high accuracy models of various phases of the propellant transfer process are required. This NTR focuses on modeling and development of"], ["software", "LEW-20578-1", "LEW-20578-1", "Turbo Design", "aeronautics", "GRC", "Turbo Design (TD) is a radial equilibrium turbomachinery design tool for computing the blade angles for a given design condition that matches the massflow. This tool can also be used to calculate the performance if blade angles are already known. Turbo Design has been written from scratch solving th"], ["software", "LEW-20586-1", "LEW-20586-1", "Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA)", "propulsion", "GRC", "This is a modernization of the NASA CEA code (Chemical Equilibrium with Applications).The CEA program calculates chemical equilibrium product concentrations from any set of reactants and determines thermodynamic and transport properties for the product mixture. Built-in applications account for theo"], ["software", "LEW-20593-1", "LEW-20593-1", "TFExec - A FORTRAN bridge for TensorFlow models", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "TFExec is an interface between FORTRAN and TensorFlow that allows physics simulation software to make a high volume of calls to a neural network model."], ["software", "LEW-20614-1", "LEW-20614-1", "Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000lbf – Electrified (AGTF30-e) Dynamic Engine Model and Controller", "propulsion", "GRC", "The Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000lbf - Electrified (AGTF30-e) is a dynamic model of a geared turbofan with electrification options. The model is built upon the previously released Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000lbf (AGTF30). The model was constructed with the Toolbox for Modeling and Analysis of T"], ["software", "LEW-20624-1", "LEW-20624-1", "CCSDS Optical Communications High Photon Efficiency Telemetry Signaling Receive Waveform VHDL/Verilog", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "This technology is a VHDL and Verilog implementation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Optical Communications High Photon Efficiency (HPE) receive waveform. C/C++ code for commanding the implementation and receiving telemetry is also included. The code implements the CCSDS"], ["software", "LEW-20650-2", "LEW-20650-2", "NASA Multiscale Analysis Tool (NASMAT) version 5.0", "materials and processes", "GRC", "The NASA Multiscale Analysis Tool (NASMAT) serves as a state-of-the-art, plug and play, software package which utilizes multiscale recursive micromechanics as a platform for massively multiscale modeling of hierarchical materials and structures subjected to thermomechanical loads on high performance"], ["software", "LEW-20688-1", "LEW-20688-1", "MATLAB Executable Steady-State Solver and Linearization Tool for the AGTF30 Engine Simulation (MEXLIN-AGTF30)", "aeronautics", "GRC", "MEXLIN-AGTF30 is a MATLAB executable (MEX)-based approach for rapidly simulating and linearizing gas turbine engine models. This is an enhancement to the standard steady-state solver and linearization capability included in the NASA Toolbox for the Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-M"], ["software", "LEW-20723-1", "LEW-20723-1", "GRC Lunar Site Analysis Software Version 2", "operations", "GRC", "This software involves a set of analysis functions that can be used to assess lunar landing site solar illumination and communication availability using lunar terrain masks of the LOLA-derived terrain data to model terrain-based blockage. It is an update to a 2023 software, adding new interface aspe"], ["software", "LEW-20760-1", "LEW-20760-1", "Manufactured Ecosystems Virtual Reality (VR) Mars Habitat Visualization", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "GRC", "The Manufactured Ecosystems virtual reality (VR) visualization depicts a Mars habitat based on research from the Manufactured Ecosystems project. This project researches how ecosystem services provided to us on Earth could be replaced or supported by technology and what is needed to achieve this tec"], ["software", "LEW-20786-1", "LEW-20786-1", "Prologix GPIB-Ethernet Controller Configuration Utility", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The Prologix GPIB-Ethernet Controller Configuration Utility is a piece of software designed to interface with and configure a Prologix GPIB-Ethernet Controller. These controllers are used to communicate between an ethernet and a GPIB interface, and they are often used to connect a data acquisition s"], ["software", "LEW-20818-1", "LEW-20818-1", "High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) Test Framework", "design and integration tools", "GRC", "The HDTN Test Framework is a Python library that provides functionality to streamline the testing process for the HDTN software suite. It is designed to be used by scripts that execute test cases to directly verify software requirements. The framework leverages the Pytest Python library to facilitat"], ["software", "LEW-20832-1", "LEW-20832-1", "Electrical Power System - Sizing and Analysis Tool (EPS-SAT)", "electronics and electrical power", "GRC", "The Electrical Power System - Sizing and Analysis Tool (EPS-SAT) is a tool whose purpose is to analyze electrical power system architectures in order to better direct investment dollars and to expose the strengths and weaknesses of various designs. The software uses on- and off-design modes to compl"], ["software", "MFS-27332-1", "MFS-27332-1", "VLOADS V1.4 Launch Vehicle Loads Analysis For Preliminary Design", "structures and mechanisms", "MSFC", "The VLOADS program calculates launch vehicles' in-flight structural loads for preliminary design. The program may also be used to calculate structural loads for upper stages and planetary transfer vehicles. Launch vehicle information and input data such as aerodynamic coefficients, mass properties, "], ["software", "MFS-31223-1", "MFS-31223-1", "Monocoque Tank Analysis Spreadsheet System (MonTASS), Version 2.0", "structures and mechanisms", "MSFC", "The Monocoque Tank Analysis Spreadsheet System (MonTASS) computer program enables rapid analysis and preliminary design of structural domes and truncated sections of cones. MonTASS performs both design and analysis functions and can be used to analyze nonpressurized conical structures."], ["software", "MFS-31243-1", "MFS-31243-1", "Video Image Stabilization and Registration (VISAR)", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "Video Image Stabilization and Registration (VISAR) is a software program that will stabilize video images distorted as a result of video camera motion. There are multiple applications for this software including stabilization of images from mobile platforms, crime scenes, robotic systems, spacecraft"], ["software", "MFS-31309-1", "MFS-31309-1", "Low-Altitute Trapped Radiation Model, Version 1", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Accurate models of the Earth's trapped energetic proton environment are required for both piloted and robotic space missions. As astronomical and remote sensing detectors become more sensitive, proton flux can induce unwanted backgrounds in the instrumentation. The Low-Altitute Trapped Radiation Mod"], ["software", "MFS-31315-1", "MFS-31315-1", "Emission of Solar Protons (ESP) Model", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The Emission of Solar Protons (ESP) Model is a computer model of the solar proton environment. The model predicts total solar proton fluence levels for interplanetary space in the energy range of 1 to 300 MeV, which is the range required for both solar cell and electronics applications."], ["software", "MFS-31319-1", "MFS-31319-1", "Trapped Radiation Models - Uncertainties For Spacecraft Design", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The focus of Trapped Radiation Models software development effort was to help spacecraft and payload designers to account for uncertainties in predictive models of the Earth's trapped radiation environment. A tool was needed for more accurately determining radiation requirements and risks -- essenti"], ["software", "MFS-31328-1", "MFS-31328-1", "Spacecraft Materials Selector (SMS) Expert System", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The SMS knowledge base is a preliminary design tool that provides estimates of environmental exposures and/or materials performance. Inputs may launch date, altitude, inclination, mission duration, and certain characteristics of satellite motion."], ["software", "MFS-31329-1", "MFS-31329-1", "Trapped Proton Model (TPM)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "TPM determines the differential omnidirectional proton flux from 1 to 100 MeV. At high altitudes, the model is based on CRRESPRO developed by AFRL; at low altitudes, the model is based on data from the TIROS/NOAA (POES) low-altitude polar-orbiting satellites. The model contains a true solar cycle va"], ["software", "MFS-31383-1", "MFS-31383-1", "Payloads and Components Real-Time Automated Test System (PACRATS)", "system testing", "MSFC", "The PACRATS data acquisition program allows test engineers to acquire, display, store, and retrieve test data."], ["software", "MFS-31620-1", "MFS-31620-1", "Cosmic Ray Effects On Microelectronics (CREME96)", "system testing", "MSFC", "This software is an improved model of the ionizing radiaiton environment in space and its effects on satellites and is a computational tool used by aerospace engineers. This software is used to estimate single event effects (SEE) rates: 1) as a guide to parts selection for spacecraft, 2) to demonstr"], ["software", "MFS-31664-1", "MFS-31664-1", "WinPlot Graphical Display System", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "WinPlot is a powerful desktop graphical analysis tool that allows the user to generate displays of unrestrictive amounts of data. It was developed to fulfill the need for fast and easily managed graphical displays of NASA test articles and facilities. WinPlot features include seamless displays of re"], ["software", "MFS-31675-1", "MFS-31675-1", "Interactive Spacecraft Charging Handbook With Integrated, Updated Spacecraft Charging Models (ISCCH ), Version 3.1", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The ISCCH is an interactive, Web-based multimedia product that offers updated and integrated spacecraft charging models. The software guides the non-expert using the power of sophisticated analysis tools."], ["software", "MFS-31700-1", "MFS-31700-1", "High-Speed Data Viewer", "system testing", "MSFC", "The High-Speed Data Viewer computer software was developed for viewing high-frequency data recorded in the East and West Test Areas at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).Features include: Amplitude vs. Time Plots with full zoom capabilities; Frequency Component Plot at specified time interval; Wate"], ["software", "MFS-31728-1", "MFS-31728-1", "Simple Thermal Environment Model (STEM) User's Guide", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Helpful in the thermal analysis of near-Earth spacecraft, the STEM User's Guide is a Fortran-based program that provides engineering estimates of top-of-atmosphere albedo and outgoing longwave radiation."], ["software", "MFS-31864-1", "MFS-31864-1", "Bearing Analysis Tool (BAT)", "design and integration tools", "MSFC", "The Bearing Analysis Tool (BAT) allows detailed design of rolling element bearings rocket engine turbopumps and other applications. It includes a graphical user interface that greatly reduces the effort required to define analytical models for simulation and design."], ["software", "MFS-32001-1", "MFS-32001-1", "Radiation Environment Array Charge Transport (REACT)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The REACT detector array charge collection model is useful in the design of optical sensor missions."], ["software", "MFS-32011-1", "MFS-32011-1", "ElectroStatic Return of Contaminants Tool (Updated)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The ElectroStatic Return of Contaminants (ESR) tool is a first-generation computational code created for the purpose of computing the return characteristics of spacecraft-generated contaminants. The code computes the Debye sheath (if necessary), the returned contaminant mass rate, returned mass flux"], ["software", "MFS-32019-1", "MFS-32019-1", "The Charge Collector (TCC), Version 2.1", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "TCC is a compilation of spacecraft charging tools including design guidelines and a variety of information from government/industry/academic databases and reports."], ["software", "MFS-32056-1", "MFS-32056-1", "NASA/Air Force Spacecraft Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP-2K), Version 4.5", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "NASCAP-2K is the next-generation spacecraft charging analysis code. The technology is a comprehensive update to the original NASCAP spacecraft charging codes written twenty years ago. A collaboration of NASA and the U.S. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), the software builds upon the Air Force's DynaPAC"], ["software", "MFS-32165-1", "MFS-32165-1", "Electric Propulsion Interactions Code (EPIC)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "EPIC is an interactive computer toolset that enables the construction of a 3D spacecraft model and the assessment of a variety of interactions between the model's subsystems and the plume from an electric thruster. EPIC unites different computer tools to address the many complexities associated with"], ["software", "MFS-32205-2", "MFS-32205-2", "Meteoroid Engineering Model (MEM) version 3", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "MEM 3 is NASA's most current and accurate model of the meteoroid environment. It describes potentially hazardous meteoroids in the inner solar system and provides the flux, directionality, speed, and bulk density of meteoroids encountered along a user-specified spacecraft trajectory."], ["software", "MFS-32296-1", "MFS-32296-1", "Neptune Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Neptune-GRAM), Version 1.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "From surface to orbital altitudes, this Fortran-based program provides engineering estimates of density, temperature, pressure, and winds for the Neptune atmosphere."], ["software", "MFS-32297-1", "MFS-32297-1", "Titan Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Titan-GRAM), Version 1.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Titan-GRAM is a Fortran-based program that provides engineering estimates of density, temperature, pressure, and winds for the Titan atmosphere. More information on the Space Environments & Effects (SEE) Program can be found at http://see.msfc.nasa.gov/."], ["software", "MFS-32314-1", "MFS-32314-1", "Venus Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Venus-GRAM) 2005, Version 1.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Venus-GRAM 2005 is a Fortran-based program that provides engineering estimates of density, temperature, pressure, and winds for the Venus atmosphere."], ["software", "MFS-32397-1", "MFS-32397-1", "Sun Format Database (SunAcc) File Read/Write Library", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "The Sun Format Database (SunAcc) was developed to fulfill a need for local native storage of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) test data. While the file format itself is native to the Sun UNIX platform, the read/write library was developed to be a cross-platform tool and is compatible with a variety "], ["software", "MFS-32554-1", "MFS-32554-1", "Multidimensional, Multiphysics Computational Heat Transfer Analysis Software (UNIC)", "propulsion", "MSFC", "The Multidemensional, Multiphysics Computational Heat Transfer Analysis Software (UNIC) solves transient, coupled, and simultaneous conjugate heat transfer solutions commonly encountered in rocket engine and launch vehicle component design and analysis."], ["software", "MFS-32780-1", "MFS-32780-1", "Earth Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2010 (Earth GRAM 2010)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Earth Gram 2010 is an open-source Fortran computer code that can run on a variety of platforms including PCs and UNIX stations. The model provides values for atmospheric parameters such as density, temperature, winds, and constituents for any month and at any altitude and location within the Earth's"], ["software", "MFS-32780-2", "MFS-32780-2", "Earth Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2016 (Earth GRAM 2016)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Earth GRAM 2016 is a computer code that can run on a variety of platforms including PCs and Linux stations. The model provides values for atmospheric parameters such as density, temperature, winds, and constituents for any month and at any altitude and location within the Earth's atmosphere. Earth-G"], ["software", "MFS-32802-1", "MFS-32802-1", "Magnetogram Forecast (Mag4) 2018", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Forecasting from a magnetogram of a sunspot active region, this algorithm predicts solar eruptions anticipated within the next 24 to 48 hours. The technology essentially transforms available solar scientific data into forecasting tools for severe space weather conditions."], ["software", "MFS-32925-1", "MFS-32925-1", "AutoPost", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "AutoPost can process any configuration of test data as needed. The tool can combine a series of data parameters into a single parameter."], ["software", "MFS-32929-1", "MFS-32929-1", "Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), Version 702 (Educational Version)", "propulsion", "MSFC", "The Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) is a general-purpose computer program for analyzing steady state and time-dependent flowrates, pressures, temperatures, and concentrations in a complex flow network. The program is capable of modeling phase changes, compressibility, mixture the"], ["software", "MFS-33014-1", "MFS-33014-1", "Smartphone Video Guidance Sensor (SVGS)", "autonomous systems", "MSFC", "The Smartphone Video Guidance Sensor (SVGS) allows for calculation of the distance and orientation of an object relative to the SVGS. A known retroreflective target pattern is mounted on the target object. These retroreflectors are then illuminated by the camera flash on the smartphone and imaged by"], ["software", "MFS-33019-1", "MFS-33019-1", "Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), Version 702", "propulsion", "MSFC", "The Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) is a general-purpose computer program for analyzing steady state and time-dependent flowrates, pressures, temperatures, and concentrations in a complex flow network. The program is capable of modeling phase changes, compressibility, mixture the"], ["software", "MFS-33071-1", "MFS-33071-1", "Cryogen Storage Integrated Model (CryoSIM)", "propulsion", "MSFC", "CryoSIM provides input power and dry mass estimates for insulation and hardware used in in-space applications to maintain cryogens in storage. System heat load estimations and associated propellant loss masses can also be generated."], ["software", "MFS-33082-1", "MFS-33082-1", "Tool for Analysis of Surface Cracks (TASC)", "materials and processes", "MSFC", "Created using the commercial math analysis software MATLAB, TASC enables the easy computation of nonlinear J-integral solutions for surface-cracked plates in tension by accessing and interpolating between the 600 nonlinear surface crack solutions documented in NASA/TP-2011-217480. The only required "], ["software", "MFS-33158-1", "MFS-33158-1", "Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2010 (Mars GRAM 2010)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Mars GRAM is an engineering-level atmospheric model widely used for diverse mission applications, including systems design, performance analysis, and operations planning for aerobraking, entry descent and landing, and aerocapture."], ["software", "MFS-33187-2", "MFS-33187-2", "Project Cost Estimating Capability (PCEC)", "business systems and project management", "MSFC", "The Project Cost Estimating Capability (PCEC) is a parametric tool for estimating the cost of unmanned spacecraft, landers, launch vehicles, crewed systems, and in-space transportation systems. It is an Excel add-in with a simple, robust, and transparent collection of cost-estimating relationships ("], ["software", "MFS-33209-1", "MFS-33209-1", "Autonomous Real Time Requirements Tracing (ART)", "autonomous systems", "MSFC", "This NASA software offers the ability to directly trace the real-time execution of software to specific requirements, a unique capability that can only be performed with a Timeliner-TLX system, as no other computer languages directly report this data during execution. The tracing feature does not im"], ["software", "MFS-33219-1", "MFS-33219-1", "Python Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer Data Toolkit (PyAMPR)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "This toolkit will read geolocated brightness temperature data (in ASCII format) from any flight of the AMPR airborne instrument. A python script will pull out timing, brightness temperatures, and other information from each channel/geolocation and store them as attributes using the appropriate type "], ["software", "MFS-33225-1", "MFS-33225-1", "Lightning Forecasting Algorithm (LFA)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The Lightning Forecasting Algorithm (LFA) is an algorithm that may be implemented within any cloud-allowing or cloud-resolving numerical forecast model that converts gridded forecasts of updraft speeds and graupel hydrometeor mixing ratios in the mixed phase layer into gridded estimates of total lig"], ["software", "MFS-33231-1", "MFS-33231-1", "libSPRITE", "data servers processing and handling", "MSFC", "A set of libraries used in the development of software applications. libSPRITE was specifically designed for real-time systems that operate on a single computational node (but may be multi-core) to systematically address common coding errors, provide for multi-threaded programming to produce the exa"], ["software", "MFS-33236-1", "MFS-33236-1", "Marshall MRMS Mosaic Python Toolkit (MMM-Py)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "MMM-Py reads, analyzes, and displays three-dimensional national mosaicked reflectivity data produced by NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). MMM-Py can read MRMS mosaics from either their unique binary format or their converted NetCDF format; it can also read and properly interpret the c"], ["software", "MFS-33237-1", "MFS-33237-1", "Python Turbulence Detection Algorithm (PyTDA)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "PyTDA, an MSFC-based implementation of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Turbulence Detection Algorithm (NTDA), can be used for convective-scale analysis, situational awareness, and forensic meteorology. The software provides Python functions that will estimate turbulence from Dopp"], ["software", "MFS-33271-1", "MFS-33271-1", "Arnold Mirror Modeler Software", "design and integration tools", "MSFC", "This software creates complex finite element models of large-format, lightweight mirrors for complete input decks. Before, building these models could take engineers weeks or even months to complete a single iteration. Now the modeler tool can do the same task in minutes. The software creates many l"], ["software", "MFS-33272-1", "MFS-33272-1", "Single Doppler Retrieval Toolkit (SingleDop)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "SingleDop is a software module, written in the Python programming language, that will retrieve two-dimensional low-level winds from either real or simulated Doppler radar data. It mimics the functionality of the algorithm described in the following reference:Xu et al., 2006: Background error covaria"], ["software", "MFS-33273-1", "MFS-33273-1", "Python Interface to Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) Wind Dataset", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a NASA Earth Science Mission that launched in December 2016. Currently, however, synthetic wind data in the format that will be used post-launch can be produced from current observations or model output via the CYGNSS End-to-End Simulator (E"], ["software", "MFS-33274-1", "MFS-33274-1", "Python Interface to Dual-Pol Radar Algorithms (DualPol)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "This is an object-oriented Python module that facilitates precipitation retrievals (e.g., hydrometeor type, precipitation rate, precipitation mass, particle size distribution information) from polarimetric radar data. It leverages existing open source radar software packages to perform all-in-one re"], ["software", "MFS-33284-1", "MFS-33284-1", "Python Polarimetric Radar Beam Blockage Calculation (PyBlock)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "This Python package will calculate beam blockage in polarimetric weather radar data using the specific differential phase (KDP) and fully self-consistent (FSC) methods of Timothy J. Lang et al. (2009; J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.). This information can be used to correct the radar data when the radar "], ["software", "MFS-33320-1", "MFS-33320-1", "Chemical Equilibrium with Applications in MATLAB (CEAM)", "propulsion", "MSFC", "This software is an adaptation of the FORTRAN based Gordon-McBride Chemical Equilibrium with Application (CEAM) computer program developed 60 years ago. This software incorporates modern programming techniques, data management, and adds unique user features. A standalone graphical user interface app"], ["software", "MFS-33362-1", "MFS-33362-1", "Schedule Test and Assessment Tool (STAT) 5.0", "business systems and project management", "MSFC", "The Schedule Test and Assessment Tool (STAT) 5.0 is a schedule management software add-in developed to work specifically within the Microsoft Project scheduling application. The STAT 5.0 software provides the automated capability to quickly identify, quantify, and report numerous types of critical s"], ["software", "MFS-33391-1", "MFS-33391-1", "Mesh Network Communication System", "vehicle management space air ground", "MSFC", "The system provides a framework for exchange of information between multiple network nodes to facilitate cooperation using a distributed mesh network communication architecture. A node is any entity, such as a vehicle, ground control station, etc., that is connected to the mesh network. Data exchang"], ["software", "MFS-33409-1", "MFS-33409-1", "pyCMR", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "Python client library (pyCMR) abstracts CMR search API (Application Program Interface) calls to a simple set of python functions that can be incorporated in client applications. The search responses are stored in the python dictionary for easy manipulation on the client side."], ["software", "MFS-33436-1", "MFS-33436-1", "Multiple-Doppler Radar Analysis Toolkit (MultiDop)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "MultiDop merges three-dimensional variational analysis (3DVAR) software code developed by the University of Oklahoma with the Department of Energy's Python Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Radar Toolkit (Py-ART) software framework. This enables end users to ingest, correct, and grid their weather r"], ["software", "MFS-33498-1", "MFS-33498-1", "Comments Export/Management Tool", "business systems and project management", "MSFC", "This tool is a collection of macros that work with Microsoft Word to export Word comments into a pre-formatted Excel spreadsheet, which is used to disposition comments during a document review and serves as an official record of the disposition of each comment. The tool includes the ability to add c"], ["software", "MFS-33558-1", "MFS-33558-1", "ISS_Camera_Geolocate", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "This is a Python software library that facilitates the geolocation of photographs and video frames from the International Space Station (ISS). The library provides functions that take camera and pointing information along with publicly available ISS position information, and then will geolocate ever"], ["software", "MFS-33566-1", "MFS-33566-1", "TREETOPS", "design and integration tools", "MSFC", "TREETOPS is a time history simulation of the motion of a complex multi-body flexible structures with active control elements. The name TREETOPS refers to the class of structures which may be simulated by the program, i.e., those having a tree topology (where loop closures are handled with a cut grap"], ["software", "MFS-33648-1", "MFS-33648-1", "AprilNav: Indoor Real-time Landmark Navigation System", "autonomous systems", "MSFC", "AprilNav uses printable 2D fiduciary markers, a HD camera, and software running on a single board computer (SBC) to create a scalable, and accurate system for vehicular autonomous navigation and localization."], ["software", "MFS-33829-1", "MFS-33829-1", "T0TEM - T0 Test Evaluation Module", "materials and processes", "MSFC", "The T0TEM (T0 Test Evaluation Module) is an analysis software for transition temperature tests performed under ASTM E1921 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range. T0 is the temperature at which a ferritic steel transitions fr"], ["software", "MFS-33888-1", "MFS-33888-1", "Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM) Suite", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM) Suite is an engineering-oriented atmospheric model that estimates mean values and statistical variations of atmospheric properties for planetary destinations. GRAM outputs include atmospheric density, temperature, pressure, winds, and chemical compositio"], ["software", "MFS-33977-1", "MFS-33977-1", "Field Campaign eXplorer (FCX)", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "Field Campaign eXplorer (FCX) is a cloud native web based 3D data visualization platform that can incorporate science data collected from instruments onboard aircraft, ground sensors, and satellites. The instrument data are displayed within an interactive map viewer along flight tracks. This advance"], ["software", "MFS-33978-1", "MFS-33978-1", "DTN Marshall Enterprise", "operations", "MSFC", "DTN Marshall Enterprise is a fully compliant CCSDS Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) router that has been used to conduct International Space Station (ISS) payload operations for many years. Communications in space are characterized by their disrupted, wireless nature. Whether due to occultati"], ["software", "MFS-33978-2", "MFS-33978-2", "DTN Marshall Enterprise (DTNME)", "operations", "MSFC", "DTN Marshall Enterprise is a fully compliant CCSDS Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) router that has been used to conductInternational Space Station (ISS) payload operations for many years. Communications in space are characterized by their disrupted, wireless nature. Whether due to occultatio"], ["software", "MFS-34033-1", "MFS-34033-1", "Web-based Space Mission Visualization", "design and integration tools", "MSFC", "This software suite consists of demonstration web-apps for orbital trajectories around the Earth and planets around the Sun. Files include single page applications implemented in HyperText Markup Language (HTML), JavaScript, functional calls to 3D graphics code libraries including X3Dom and ThreeJS,"], ["software", "MFS-34056-1", "MFS-34056-1", "Applied Learning Project", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "The amount of Earth science datasets are increasing at a rapid pace. To manage the large volume of Earth science data, data driven approaches are critical technology. This software utilizes machine learning approaches to better search, discover, and utilize Earth science data from large archives."], ["software", "MFS-34076-1", "MFS-34076-1", "Tree3D Dynamics Visualization Tool", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "Tree3D is a 3D animation and visualization platform that converts trajectory simulation data into dynamic visual representations. The software supports multiple data formats and features built-in 3D geometries, 36+ celestial bodies, user-provided meshes, and specialized components like springs and e"], ["software", "MFS-34247-1", "MFS-34247-1", "Bundle Restaging Daemon (BRD), a Delay Tolerant Network Marshall Enterprise (DTNME) Feature for Increased Protection against Bundle Overload", "data servers processing and handling", "MSFC", "Delay Tolerant Network Marshall Enterprise (DTNME) is a NASA supported software for payload operations to support reliable space communications. It is fully CCSDS compliant. This software is continuously updated with new technologies to further support and enhance its operational usage.The Bundle Re"], ["software", "MFS-34306-1", "MFS-34306-1", "Visualization Exploration and Data Analysis (VEDA)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "VEDA is an ecosystem of tools and services to address the need for open cyberinfrastructure for processing, analyzing, and visualizing Earth observation data."], ["software", "MFS-34375-1", "MFS-34375-1", "TASC CMOD and Force Test Data Pre-Processor", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "This software imports load frame test records for crack mouth opening displacement mechanical tests and offers the user the ability toperform data processing operations and convert the data into a format readable by the Tool for Analysis of Surface Cracks (TASC - NASA Technology MFS-33082-1). The co"], ["software", "MFS-34433-1", "MFS-34433-1", "Large Scale Data Transfer Study", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "To facilitate petabyte scale data transfer between NASA and ESA, we have developed a framework for transferring 6 petabytes of data from ESA to NASA to support the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data products. With increases in collaboration between the agencies and increased data volumes, this frame"], ["software", "MFS-34537-1", "MFS-34537-1", "Sigma (WinPlot Statistical Calculator)", "data and image processing", "MSFC", "Generates a WinPlot data file using Sun/WinPlot input data sources and text files which specify the data sets used for input and parameters to be processed. Output data includes a min, max, average and sigma value for each parameter throughout the time slice processed."], ["software", "MFS-34596-1", "MFS-34596-1", "Simulation of the Four Bed CO2 Scrubber", "crew and life support", "MSFC", "The Four Bed CO2 (FBCO2) scrubber simulator is a 1-D mathematical model containing partial differential equations representing mass, heat, and momentum balances within a sorbent bed loaded with zeolite or silica gel sorbent beads. The overall simulation is written in MATLAB, which calls the phenomen"], ["software", "MFS-34790-1", "MFS-34790-1", "Dyreqt v2", "design and integration tools", "MSFC", "Dyreqt is developed to provide a general capability for synthesis of space transportation architectures in the pre-conceptual and conceptual phases of design. Rather than focusing on sizing, the primary aim of Dyreqt is enabling flexible synthesis of any arbitrary architecture element models that ma"], ["software", "MFS-35135-1", "MFS-35135-1", "EarthRISE Toolkit", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "MSFC", "Serving states, Tribes, territories, local governments, and the private sector, EarthRISE transforms NASA Earth data into custom, geospatial decision-support tools that support American communities and businesses. EarthRISE solutions prioritize a collaborative, user-centered experienceincluding cust"], ["software", "MSC-22530-1", "MSC-22530-1", "INFORMATION SHARING PROTOCOL (ISP)", "data and image processing", "JSC", "Libraries and executables supporting use of the ISP protocol."], ["software", "MSC-23586-1", "MSC-23586-1", "Dynamic Onboard Ubiquitous Graphics (DOUG) Software Application", "data and image processing", "JSC", "DOUG is used to support simulation, training and planning for EVA and Robotic activities, including situational awareness and just-in-time training onboard ISS."], ["software", "MSC-24663-1", "MSC-24663-1", "Engineering DOUG Graphics for Exploration (EDGE)", "data servers processing and handling", "JSC", "EDGE is a real-time 3d graphics rendering package based on the Dynamic On-board Ubiquitous Graphics (DOUG) graphics engine. It combines key elements from graphics software tools developed for Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) programs and adapts them for integration with other engi"], ["software", "MSC-24723-1", "MSC-24723-1", "NASA Aircraft Management Information System (NAMIS)", "business systems and project management", "JSC", "The NASA Aircraft Management Information System (NAMIS) is an enterprise resource planning/mission support software suite designed from the ground up to meet both the mission support requirements and the business management requirements of JSC's Aircraft Operations Division (AOD). The system feature"], ["software", "MSC-24760-1", "MSC-24760-1", "GCR Event-Based Risk Model (GERMCode) Code", "crew and life support", "JSC", "The GERMCode provides scientists data interpretation of experiments; modeling of beam line, shielding of target samples and sample holders; and estimation of basic physical and biological outputs of their experiments.For mono-energetic ion beams, basic physical and biological properties are calculat"], ["software", "MSC-25352-1", "MSC-25352-1", "NASA Space Radiation Cancer Risk (NSCR) Model 2012", "crew and life support", "JSC", "NASA Space Cancer Risk Model (NSCR-2012) is an integration of various components of the cancer risk projection model for assessment of radiation induced Cancer risks for humans in space. Exposure to the solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) present cancer risks to astronauts. The"], ["software", "MSC-25379-1", "MSC-25379-1", "Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Tool (FMEA)", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The scope of this project is to develop a prototype failure analysis software tool. The tool models a system's components, their connective relationships, and functions in order to assist in Failure Modes and Effect analysis (FMEA) early in the design lifecycle.The purpose of the tool is to semi-aut"], ["software", "MSC-25380-1", "MSC-25380-1", "ISS Systems Integration Lab (ISIL) Operations Framework (RIM 10)", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The Software Development and Integration Laboratory (SDIL) in Sonny Carter supports ISS Flight Software development, integration and verification. The complexity of the ISS requires efficient and reliable test reconfiguration, flexible resource scheduling, effective workflow and at the same time eff"], ["software", "MSC-25457-1", "MSC-25457-1", "Orbital Debris Engineering Model (ORDEM), Version 3.2.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JSC", "ORDEM offers flux as a function of debris size and year. The technology can be operated in spacecraft mode or telescope mode. An upgraded user interface uses project-oriented organization and provides graphical representations of numerous output data products."], ["software", "MSC-25505-1", "MSC-25505-1", "Beyond Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Architecture Sizing Tool (BLAST)", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "A user-friendly, configurable spacecraft sizing tool, BLAST provides a shareable, re-creatable and rigorous end-to-end multi-element architecture framework that has been used to generate mass data for in-space, beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO) transportation vehicles and architectures. Offering a novel "], ["software", "MSC-25515-1", "MSC-25515-1", "Shipping Foam Designer Software", "business systems and project management", "JSC", "The Shipping Foam Designer Software is an easy-to-use design tool that allows the user to select the proper type and dimensions of shock-attenuating packing foam. A simple graphical user interface is provided. The software was developed in response to a large number of documented cases of critical h"], ["software", "MSC-25599-1", "MSC-25599-1", "Charring Ablator Response (CHAR) Code", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The CHarring Ablator Response (CHAR) Code is a 1D, 2D, and 3D ablation, thermal analysis and porous flow solver primarily used to predict the response of ablative thermal protection systems during atmospheric entry and ground testing. Using the finite-element method, it solves the governing partial "], ["software", "MSC-25608-1", "MSC-25608-1", "Information Sharing Protocol VCR (ISPVCR)", "data servers processing and handling", "JSC", "The Information Sharing Protocol (ISP) VCR (ISPVCR) is a software program written in Tcl/Tk that provides a capability to record and playback ISP data via a Source Independent Telemetry Format (SITF) files. The ISPVCR provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows for start/stop of the crcord"], ["software", "MSC-25665-1", "MSC-25665-1", "Trick 13 Simulation Environment", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The Trick Simulation environment is a generic simulation toolkit used for constructing and running simulations. The Trick 13 Interface Code Generator (ICG), a utility that provides math model class and structure layout data, has been rewritten and is based off of the open source clang/llvm project. "], ["software", "MSC-25694-1", "MSC-25694-1", "NASA HMS (Hazard Management System)", "business systems and project management", "JSC", "The Web-based, access-controlled NASA Hazard Management System (HMS) provides a centralized repository for hazards regardless of origin and offers the ability to report and manage real-time hazards and controls. The primary mechanism for identifying and documenting hazardous conditions within HMS li"], ["software", "MSC-25732-1", "MSC-25732-1", "MBJEOD: An Integrated Multibody and Orbital Dynamics Simulation Module", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "MBJEOD is a multi-body dynamics (MBDyn) software interface layer that allows transfer of forces between muti-body articulating objects and the JEOD orbital dynamics package."], ["software", "MSC-25810-1", "MSC-25810-1", "Input Device Framework (IDF)", "operations", "JSC", "Framework for mapping physical input devices (joysticks, gaming controllers, custom control panels, etc) to application-specific virtual controller interfaces. Pattern for writing device-independent code."], ["software", "MSC-25937-1", "MSC-25937-1", "RITRACKS: A software for simulation of stochastic radiation track structure, micro- and nano-dosimetry, radiation chemistry and DNA damage by heavy ions", "crew and life support", "JSC", "The code RITRACKS (Relativistic Ion Tracks) has been developed over the last years at the NASA Johnson Space Center to simulate the effects of ionizing radiations at the microscopic scale and to understand the effects of space radiation at the biological level. The fundamental part of this code is t"], ["software", "MSC-25958-1", "MSC-25958-1", "Approximate Cartesian Control for Robotic Tool Usage with Graceful Degradation", "operations", "JSC", "This is a software toolkit for flexible tool use by robotic manipulators. The suite of state-of-the-art algorithms is focused on extending current pick-and-place planning and control methods to enable robust tool usage by humanoid and other armed robots. The system provides more intuitive tools for "], ["software", "MSC-26032-1", "MSC-26032-1", "Fine Motor Skills (FMS) Software Application", "crew and life support", "JSC", "The Fine Motor Skills (FMS) software test battery is designed to collect data from multiple tasks that are indicative of fine motor performance. It was developed to evaluate the effect of microgravity on the sensorimotor system during 6 month and 1 year missions on the International Space Station (I"], ["software", "MSC-26175-1", "MSC-26175-1", "Generic Command and Telemetry Applications for the Core Flight Software Framework (CI-TO)", "aeronautics", "JSC", "This set of applications provides general purpose, configurable, and extensible spacecraft commanding and telemetry functionality supporting a wide variety of communications protocols and transports, and was designed, built, and intended for reuse."], ["software", "MSC-26184-1", "MSC-26184-1", "Space Science Investigations: Plant Growth", "crew and life support", "JSC", "Interactive app for mobile platforms teaching about growing plants in space. Down load available on iTunes or Google Play store (no agreement with NASA needed)."], ["software", "MSC-26186-1", "MSC-26186-1", "HemoDose Software, Version 2.0", "system testing", "JSC", "HemoDose estimates the absorbed dose of radiation in adults by using single or serial counts of granulocyte, lymphocyte, leukocyte, or platelet after exposure."], ["software", "MSC-26211-1", "MSC-26211-1", "Acute Radiation Risk and BRYNTRN Organ Dose (ARRBOD) version 2.1", "crew and life support", "JSC", "The Acute Radiation Risk And BRYNTRN Organ Dose Projection (ARRBOD) is a radiation risk projection model for typical space traveling scenarios, which calculates gender-dependent organ doses and various acute radiation responses due to some historical large solar particle events (SPEs)."], ["software", "MSC-26212-1", "MSC-26212-1", "Space Science Investigations: Humans in Space (SSIHRP)", "system testing", "JSC", "SSI: Humans in Space is a multi-platform 3-dimensional computer graphics software application. This application functions as an educational game, taking the user through how a microgravity environment affects the body in space. The application builds on previous software and models and puts them in "], ["software", "MSC-26214-1", "MSC-26214-1", "Space Station Research Explorer (SSRE) v 5.0", "data servers processing and handling", "JSC", "The Space Station Research Explorer provides current information on ISS experiments, facilities and research results. The Space Station Research Explorer consists of five different sections: Experiments, Facilities, Benefits, Interactive Media, and Links. The Experiments section provides access to t"], ["software", "MSC-26230-1", "MSC-26230-1", "TrickFMI: A Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) Standard Implementation for Trick Base Models and Simulations", "data and image processing", "JSC", "This software supports Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) based model exchange with Trick based simulations."], ["software", "MSC-26281-1", "MSC-26281-1", "TaskForce: A Software Task Design and Execution Framework", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The mission of TaskForce is to provide a rapid prototyping framework for a component-based programming model. Users of the framework will develop processing elements (called Tasks) in Python. These Tasks can then be composed together with other Tasks to form Blocks. Each Block can have not only Task"], ["software", "MSC-26323-1", "MSC-26323-1", "CFS-101 Training", "vehicle management space air ground", "JSC", "This is a training tool for individuals to learn how to develop software with NASA-developed Core Flight software (CFS) framework. No agreement is necessary through this catalog. Software is available at open source site."], ["software", "MSC-26402-1", "MSC-26402-1", "Software Toolkit for Engineering and Aeroscience Models", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The Software Toolkit for Engineering and Aeroscience Models (STEAM) enables rapid development and deployment of integrated databases for analysis products. It is written in Python and C++ to provide an API to database and tool developers. The software depends on several open source libraries. It can"], ["software", "MSC-26452-1", "MSC-26452-1", "ISS Explorer", "data and image processing", "JSC", "The ISS Explorer is an interactive application which allows the user to view a 3D model of the International Space Station, rotate it, zoom into it, and select different parts and pieces. Descriptive information about each piece can be viewed. Parts can be turned on or off, labels can be turned on o"], ["software", "MSC-26455-1", "MSC-26455-1", "LAGER (Light-weight Accumulator Gathering Efficiently in Real-time)", "data and image processing", "JSC", "LAGER (Light-weight Accumulator Gathering Efficiently in Real-time) is a reliable software logging system designed to allow multiple logging sources to log to multiple end users."], ["software", "MSC-26456-1", "MSC-26456-1", "Orion Optical Navigation Image Processing Software (OpNAV)", "data and image processing", "JSC", "The Orion emergency return system utilizing optical navigation has matured in design over the last several years, and is currently undergoing the final implementation and test phase in preparation for Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1) in 2019. A key component is this software, which processes the images "], ["software", "MSC-26476-1", "MSC-26476-1", "dcapp - Displays and Controls Application", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "dcapp is a displays and controls software package designed for UNIX platforms, specifically MacOS and Linux. It is built upon standard UNIX technologies like OpenGL for graphics, libxml2 for input file parsing, and FreeType2 for font handling. For window management and event handling, it uses Cocoa "], ["software", "MSC-26527-1", "MSC-26527-1", "MicroStructPy - A Microstructure Mesh Generator for Heterogeneous Materials", "materials and processes", "JSC", "This technology is software that generates meshes of materials composed of dissimilar constituents. Example materials include carbon fiber composites, metallic alloys, ceramics, and rocks. These meshes are unstructured, meaning the mesh elements are triangular in 2D and tetrahedral in 3D. The mesh g"], ["software", "MSC-26621-1", "MSC-26621-1", "Koviz - A Simulation Data Analysis, Visualization And Mining Tool", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "Koviz is a simulation data visualization tool designed for analyzing Trick simulation data - specialized for handling large monte carlo data sets and doing real-time analyses of Trick simulations."], ["software", "MSC-26648-1", "MSC-26648-1", "Mesh_Tools v1.2.0 - Automated Unstructured Grid Shock Fitting Scripts Mesh Extrusion for CFD", "aeronautics", "JSC", "A collection of tools and scripts that will create shock-fitted unstructured grids in a mostly automatic manner, similar to those created for structured grids. The scripts has been tested with several unstructured grid solvers, LociCHEM, FUN3D, and US3D, and can be made to work with most other unstr"], ["software", "MSC-26652-1", "MSC-26652-1", "NASA Internships App", "aeronautics", "JSC", "The app was created using free app development software from glideapps.com. The information in the app was collected from public domains using google, nasa.gov public sites, wikipedia, and YouTube. It is a repository of information so that students can learn about NASA, it's mission, where the Cente"], ["software", "MSC-26673-1", "MSC-26673-1", "Copernicus Trajectory Design and Optimization System (Version 5.x)", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The 5.4 release of the Copernicus spacecraft trajectory design and optimization program is a significant update and includes numerous new features, enhancements, and bug fixes, including:This is the first release with native support for Macs with Apple Silicon processors. The old x86_64 Mac version "], ["software", "MSC-26675-1", "MSC-26675-1", "TrickCAT", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "A Trick-based framework for writing real-time EtherCAT applications using the EC-Master driver from Acontis Technologies."], ["software", "MSC-26690-1", "MSC-26690-1", "Debris Assessment Software (DAS) v. 3.2.7", "operations", "JSC", "The Debris Assessment Software (DAS) is provided by the NASA Orbital Debris Program Office as a means of assessing, during the planning and design phase, space missions compliance with NASAs requirements for reduction of orbital debris. DAS is designed to assist NASA programs in performing orbital d"], ["software", "MSC-26693-1", "MSC-26693-1", "PolyFit: A C++ Code for Polynomial Curve Fit with Calculation of Error Bars", "data and image processing", "JSC", "This C++ code calculates the coefficients of a polynomial of a degree k that is the best fit for a series of n points (xi,yi) using the least-squares method. The code offers two options: (1) to fix, or not, the intercept (the first coefficient) to a given value; and, (2) to use weights on points pro"], ["software", "MSC-26718-1", "MSC-26718-1", "TrickHLA: An IEEE 1516 High Level Architecture (HLA) Simulation Interoperability Standard Implementation for Trick Base Simulations", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The Trick High Level Architecture (TrickHLA) software supports IEEE-1516: High Level Architecture (HLA) based simulation interoperability with Trick based simulations. The TrickHLA software abstracts away the details of using the HLA, allowing the user to concentrate on the simulation and not worry "], ["software", "MSC-26727-1", "MSC-26727-1", "General-Use Nodal Network Solver (GUNNS), Version 19.X", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "GUNNS combines standard nodal circuit analysis algorithms with the hydraulic-thermal-electric analogy to allow modeling of flow circuits (fluid, thermal, electrical) with a concise set of generic code. Circuits are drawn up with a Draw.io drawing, from which run-time C++ code is auto-generated that "], ["software", "MSC-26735-1", "MSC-26735-1", "COTS Camera and Computer-Based Star Tracker (CBST)", "data and image processing", "JSC", "The COTS camera and computer-based star tracker (CBST) software package is a collection of algorithms that take pictures of stars and then output the inertial attitude of the camera. The algorithms' have demonstrated accuracy better than 0.25 degrees when processing imagery taken on-orbit. The algor"], ["software", "MSC-26821-1", "MSC-26821-1", "To the Moon and Beyond, an educational game teaching how International Space Station research is helping us on Earth and getting us to the Moon and beyond", "data and image processing", "JSC", "The International Space Station is a state-of-the-art microgravity laboratory that is unlocking discoveries not possible on Earth, and is helping us push farther into deep space. Microgravity turns almost everything we know upside down. Liquids behave completely differently, fire burns in new ways. "], ["software", "MSC-26835-1", "MSC-26835-1", "Badhwar-O'Neill 2020 Galactic Cosmic Ray Model (BON2020) v2.3", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JSC", "The BadhwarO'Neill (BON) model has been used for some time to describe the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment encountered in deep space by astronauts and sensitive electronics. This package contains the BON2020 model. The previous version of the model, BON2014, was calibrated to available measure"], ["software", "MSC-26872-1", "MSC-26872-1", "Modified OpenSim Rajagopal Full Body Model", "crew and life support", "JSC", "This modified human skeletal model, for use with the open-source biomechanics software, OpenSim, enables enhanced representation of data collected from human test subjects performing upper body tasks and aids simulation in spaceflight project areas such as exercise system development."], ["software", "MSC-26882-1", "MSC-26882-1", "NASA COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Tracking (CTT) Application", "business systems and project management", "JSC", "The NASA Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer and the Office of the Chief Information Officer have developed a contact tracing application to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19). NASA Contact Tracing is used to identify employees who may have been in contact with a COVID-19 c"], ["software", "MSC-26984-1", "MSC-26984-1", "Single Board Computer System Monitoring Software for Radiation Testing", "system testing", "JSC", "This software package uses simple Python scripts to assess computer performance. This is specifically intended to be used on Single Board Computers for monitoring system parameters during radiation testing. This is hoped to provide a powerful, flexible framework that can be rapidly deployed on a var"], ["software", "MSC-27059-1", "MSC-27059-1", "Astromaterials 3D Website and Explorer Application", "data and image processing", "JSC", "This is the first virtual library of NASAs collections of Apollo Lunar and Antarctic meteorite samples. This web-based custom visualization tool presents each extraterrestrial rock in a visually stunning."], ["software", "MSC-27061-1", "MSC-27061-1", "Genesis Flight Mechanics Simulation and Trajectory Design Tool v0.5.0", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "Genesis is a generic, multi-vehicle, variable-degree-of-freedom flight mechanics simulation. It is capable of modeling ascent, aerocapture, entry, descent, and landing trajectories around a single planetary body. It is designed to be flexible and easily reconfigured for new vehicles. Genesis provide"], ["software", "MSC-27108-1", "MSC-27108-1", "Seeker 1 Simulation", "system testing", "JSC", "The Seeker 1 Simulation is a Trick-based, high-fidelity, 6 DoF simulation that models a 3U CubeSat, including sensors and effectors, and a target spacecraft for inspection."], ["software", "MSC-27118-1", "MSC-27118-1", "NASA Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) Intellectual Property (IP) and VHDL Code", "electronics and electrical power", "JSC", "The NASA_UART_Example is an Aldec Active-HDL project that contains the Intellectual Property (IP) files for a NASA developed Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) and supporting files to implement an example of using the UART IP. The source files are a combination of Active-HDL block di"], ["software", "MSC-27122-1", "MSC-27122-1", "Orion Optical Navigation Image Processing Software Version 1.5", "aeronautics", "JSC", "The Orion emergency return system utilizing optical navigation has matured in design over the last several years, and this second revision is currently undergoing the final implementation and test phase in preparation for Exploration Mission 2 (EM-2). A key component is this software, which processe"], ["software", "MSC-27263-1", "MSC-27263-1", "view2space - A tool for computing view factors to space for CFD grids", "aeronautics", "JSC", "The standard radiation equilibrium boundary condition used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations assumes a perfect view to space. In reality, surfaces within view of each other have a complex radiation interchange that need to be modeled to accurately capture the physics.The reduced vie"], ["software", "MSC-27334-1", "MSC-27334-1", "Advanced Graphics for Engineering Analysis (AGEA) version 5.7.3", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "AGEA is a three-dimensional visualization and analysis application that provides modeling and animation tools for real-time and pre-rendered simulations. It is a front-end application that relies on a collection of functions known as the IGOAL Graphics Library (IGL)."], ["software", "MSC-27335-1", "MSC-27335-1", "Manipulator Analysis – Graphic, Interactive, Kinematic (MAGIK) Robotic Simulation Version 8.1", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "MAGIK is a robotic simulation used primarily to conduct interactive kinematic analysis of International Space Station robotic operations. MAGIK can be used to model, specify, simulate, analyze, and modify n-jointed manipulators using built-in control algorithms while displaying interactive, high-fid"], ["software", "MSC-27338-1", "MSC-27338-1", "CODA: Collaborative Operations Data Activation", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "CODA allows replay of every moment of missions, training, and testing by pulling data from existing sources such as video, audio and imagery servers, GPS position, and timestamped text databases and displays them in context with each other. Consolidate the context of missions, training, and testing "], ["software", "MSC-27344-1", "MSC-27344-1", "JSC Engineering Orbital Dynamics (JEOD) Version 5.x", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "The JSC Engineering Orbital Dynamics (JEOD) Software Package contains a set of numerical mathematical models that provide vehicle or vehicles trajectory generation by the solution of a set of numerical dynamical models. These models are comprised of an Environment model representing the gravitationa"], ["software", "MSC-27522-1", "MSC-27522-1", "Digital Lunar Exploration Sites Unreal Simulation Tool (DUST) Products", "data and image processing", "JSC", "The Digital Lunar Exploration Sites Unreal Simulation Tool (DUST) is a 3D visualization application of the Lunar South Pole. The DLES terrain is generated from LRO digital elevation model data, SPICE kernel ephemerides, synthetic surface textures, and representative crater and rock distributions. It"], ["software", "MSC-27535-1", "MSC-27535-1", "Spot the Station (STS) Mobile app", "operations", "JSC", "Spot the Station (STS) is a web-based application that notifies people via text or email when ISS is visible overhead from a designated location. STMD partnered with SOMD to develop a more modern mobile app version of STS. Development is under way with publication scheduled for May 2023. The mobile "], ["software", "MSC-27550-1", "MSC-27550-1", "Space Technology Application Renderer (STAR)", "data and image processing", "JSC", "This is an Early Access preview release of the STAR Graphics and Display engine. The engine is being developed for the purposes of creating low power-draw, high-performance graphics applications for a variety of space missions and hardware form factors. The software implements unique features such a"], ["software", "MSC-27639-1", "MSC-27639-1", "Surface Robotics Mockups Description", "autonomous systems", "JSC", "This NTR is a software package containing the descriptions and simulation files for mock-ups for testing robotic capabilities for future lunar missions. The mock-ups include a 'task trainer' (the interior), a 40in-by-40in hatch, and a 40in-by-60in hatch for a pressurized rover."], ["software", "MSC-27640-1", "MSC-27640-1", "MERLIN Freezer Description", "autonomous systems", "JSC", "This is a software package containing the assembly, geometry, description, and simulation files for an ISS freezer mock-up for testing robotic capabilities for future Gateway and lunar missions. The mock-up is a MERLIN style freezer, including a high-fidelity latch and a sealing ring."], ["software", "MSC-27673-1", "MSC-27673-1", "ROS2 Driver for the Robotiq Hand-E", "autonomous systems", "JSC", "This is a software package for operating the Robotiq Hand-E robotic gripper (https://robotiq.com/products/hand-e-adaptive-robot-gripper), a COTS product, through the Robot Operating System. It is built on top of a BSD licensed open-source driver for other Robotiq grippers from PickNik (https://githu"], ["software", "MSC-27692-1", "MSC-27692-1", "iMETRO Robot Operating System Packages", "autonomous systems", "JSC", "This NTR is a set of software packages to integrate COTS hardware systems with Robot Operating System (ROS) software packages. These interfaces will allow the study and adaptation of terrestrial robotics technologies and the development of new technologies for non-terrestrial robotics. These systems"], ["software", "MSC-27730-1", "MSC-27730-1", "TrickCFS v3.1", "design and integration tools", "JSC", "TrickCFS is a software package that provides the C structs, C++ classes and pertinent code required to synchronize a core Flight System (cFS) mission with the Trick simulation executive. Time is modeled by the simulation and the Trick Memory Manager provides a method to peek, poke, and data record c"], ["software", "MSC-27734-1", "MSC-27734-1", "Electronic Procedure Application Software Suite (EPASS) Library Administration (LibAdmin) 1.1 and Subs (1.XX)", "operations", "JSC", "The EPASS LibAdmin application allows users to manage Artemis procedures libraries used by ground flight controllers, onboard crew members, and onboard the eProc display on various vehicle avionics system."], ["software", "MSC-27799-1", "MSC-27799-1", "Artemis EVA Geographic Information System (AEGIS)", "operations", "JSC", "Artemis EVA Geographic Information System (AEGIS) strives to enable spatiotemporal awareness for Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) procedure authoring and execution. In a nutshell, AEGIS aims to reduce the overall burden of the user to manually track and connect disparate data sources to maintain an in"], ["software", "MSC-28078-1", "MSC-28078-1", "VIRGO", "data and image processing", "JSC", "VIRGO is a practical, analytical and hardworking 3D visualization tool leveraging python-VTK. Built to fulfill the needs of engineering analysts at Johnson Space Center, VIRGO consumes time-history data of object positions, orientations, and other engineering states and provides the user with an int"], ["software", "NPO-18593-1T", "NPO-18593-1T", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Stereo Vision Software Suite (JPLV)", "autonomous systems", "JPL", "JPLV provides a set of libraries and utilities for basic robotic vision, including stereo ranging and camera calibration. Primarily intended for vision system users rather than vision system developers, the suite hides most implementation details behind a high-level application user interface. No sp"], ["software", "NPO-19636-1", "NPO-19636-1", "GNSS-Inferred Positioning System and Orbit Analysis Simulation Software (GIPSY-OASIS)", "operations", "JPL", "GIPSY-OASIS is widely used for geophysical and global positioning system research."], ["software", "NPO-20168-1", "NPO-20168-1", "DARTS: Dynamics Algorithms For Real-Time SImulation", "aeronautics", "JPL", "DARTS is a high-fidelity, spacecraft dynamics simulator used for real-time hardware-in-the-loop design, integration and testing of spacecraft flight software. DARTS meets critical mission needs throughout the spacecraft design, test and verification and operation phases of missions. It allows the us"], ["software", "NPO-20741-1", "NPO-20741-1", "Defect Detection and Prevention (DDP)", "system testing", "JPL", "DDP evaluates criticality by generating a tree of failure modes and a tree of requirements and then evaluating the impact of each failure mode on each requirement."], ["software", "NPO-20999-1", "NPO-20999-1", "MISR GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION SOFTWARE", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software is part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (Code Y). MISR is part of the EOS Terra mission. Terra is one of several EOS missions. EOS is the centerpiece of Code Y work. A more thorough description of this software can be found in the MISR Science Data Processing Functional Design Docum"], ["software", "NPO-21220-1", "NPO-21220-1", "Autonomous Landing Hazard-Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) Scanning Lidar-Based Simulation for Mars Landing", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "The ALHAT simulation tool provides an efficient software model and a set of algorithms in C code for performing scanning lidar-based hazard detection and avoidance."], ["software", "NPO-30596-1", "NPO-30596-1", "GPS Occultation Analysis System (GOAS)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "GOAS processes atmospheric and ionospheric occultation data obtained from low-Earth-orbiting global positioning systems transmission receivers. The technology obtains input from a variety of receiver types and satellites and outputs full atmospheric and ionospheric retrievals."], ["software", "NPO-30722-1", "NPO-30722-1", "ROAMS Rover Analysis and Modeling Software", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "ROAMS is a planetary rover simulation software package. The technology consists of mechanical models of a rover, instrument arms, actuators and sensors, power resources, terrain interactions, and onboard software."], ["software", "NPO-35238-1", "NPO-35238-1", "Mission Display (MDX) System", "operations", "JPL", "The Mission Display (MDX) System can be used to visualize a wide variety of raster scan data, including IFSAR images and DEM. The technology enables the user to view very large data sets (greater than 2 gigabytes per image) and offers several ways to combine information from different data sets into"], ["software", "NPO-40075-1", "NPO-40075-1", "File Exchange Interface (FEI 5)", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "The File Exchange Interface (FEI) service offers secure file transaction, storage, transportation, and management services. The tool is implemented with the latest Java technologies for maximum portability and supports a 64-bit file system for very large file transfers over secure socket connections"], ["software", "NPO-40584-1", "NPO-40584-1", "Global Assimilative Ionosphere Model (GAIM)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "GAIM is used to estimate the three-dimensional electron density distribution of the Earth's ionosphere as a function of time. To achieve high accuracy for users, the software accepts a wide variety of ionospheric measurements as input and produces output either in real time or in post-processing. Th"], ["software", "NPO-41133-1", "NPO-41133-1", "Rock Identification Toolkit (RockIT)", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "RockIT is an interactive tool used by mission scientists to identify and characterize rocks and rock distributions."], ["software", "NPO-41312-1", "NPO-41312-1", "Automated Camera Calibration Software (ACCS)", "system testing", "JPL", "Using collected metrology data, the ACCS system significantly increases the efficiency of the entire camera calibration process, resulting in reduced costs and turnaround time. Even in extreme conditions, the tool performs calibrations with minimal user input."], ["software", "NPO-41647-1", "NPO-41647-1", "Small Body Navigation and Topography (SBN&T)", "autonomous systems", "JPL", "SBN&T provides an integrated program for the spacecraft navigation and determination of small-body dynamics, shape, and high-resolution topography. Multiple-image stereography and photoclinometry are used to construct high-resolution topographic and albedo maps centers treated as control points. The"], ["software", "NPO-41986-1", "NPO-41986-1", "Automated Planning and Scheduling Environment (ASPEN)", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "ASPEN automates space mission planning and other tasks that involve the reasoning of time, states, resources, and actions."], ["software", "NPO-42082-1", "NPO-42082-1", "PixelLearn", "data and image processing", "JPL", "PixelLearn is a tool for classifying the pixels in scientific image data sets. Based on one or more images on the same grid, the tool uses cutting-edge clustering algorithms to automatically find structures in the image, or to label individual classes and use supervised classification methods to ext"], ["software", "NPO-43129-1", "NPO-43129-1", "Spectral Analysis Tool (SAT), Version 6.2", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The SAT computer program calculates signal spectra, bandwidths, and interference effects for several families of modulation schemes found commonly in radio, satellites, and space communications. It is primarily used for spectrum management purposes to examine the effects of radio frequency interfere"], ["software", "NPO-43504-1", "NPO-43504-1", "Ionospheric Slant TEC Analysis Using GPS-Based Estimation (IonoSTAGE)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Ionospheric Slant TEC Analysis using GNSS-based Estimation (IonoSTAGE) software package is a Matlab platform for performing analysis and visualization of ionospheric slant total electron content (TEC) using measurements of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)."], ["software", "NPO-43625-1", "NPO-43625-1", "Mission Analysis Low-Thrust Optimizer (MALTO)", "autonomous systems", "JPL", "MALTO is a software tool for preliminary design and optimization of low-thrust interplanetary trajectories. The tool is easy to use, has robust convergence, and can handle many intermediate encounters."], ["software", "NPO-43666-1", "NPO-43666-1", "Mystic Low-Thrust Trajectory Design and Visualization Software", "autonomous systems", "JPL", "Mystic provides very high-fidelity optimization of low-thrust spacecraft trajectories for mission design. The software can be used for general body-centered trajectories, interplanetary trajectories, and trajectories that combine body-centered and interplanetary trajectory legs. Mystic will also pro"], ["software", "NPO-43949-1", "NPO-43949-1", "ARAJ Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software provides a construction method for protograph-based Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes that simultaneously achieve low iterative decoding thresholds and linear minimum distance. The technology can be used for various code rates. Proposed codes may have either fixed input block or fi"], ["software", "NPO-44194-1", "NPO-44194-1", "Gas Fitting Spectral Analysis software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Software will be used by foreign collaborators on the OCO project. They will use it for quality control of their ground-based infrared spectra that will be used for the validation OCO.A suite of FORTRAN 77 programs has been developed to analyze solar absorption spectra and thereby determine the conv"], ["software", "NPO-44685-1", "NPO-44685-1", "Tiled Web Map Service (WMS) Server", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This technology processes WMS requests that comply with a given request grid from an existing tile dataset. It also generates the KML configuration files required to access WMS tiles."], ["software", "NPO-45030-1", "NPO-45030-1", "MACOS Program Release, Version 3.31", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Modeling and Analysis of Controlled Optical System (MAOOS) Program is a JPL developed major optical systems modeling and analysis software tool pacakge. It enables a wide range of system-level engineering modeling and analysis for large aperture, segmented space telescope systems including the J"], ["software", "NPO-45213-1", "NPO-45213-1", "STAMiNA", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "Utilizing STAMiNA, a simulation tool for the Advanced Sensors Collaborative Technology Alliance Microsensor Network Architecture, users can define: (1) mission environment, including terrain features; (2) a sensed object set, including multiple threat objects; (3) sensor placements, their modalities"], ["software", "NPO-45418-1", "NPO-45418-1", "Planetary Observer Planning Software (POPS)", "autonomous systems", "JPL", "The POPS application suite performs mission design analysis of a spacecraft orbiting a terrestrial planet. POPS is not intended for the study of hyperbolic or interplanetary orbits, although some limited hyperbolic capabilities exist."], ["software", "NPO-45423-1", "NPO-45423-1", "Deep Space Network (DSN) config converter", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "This tool is used in opperations by the MRO and Phoenix missions. The tool provides both time savings and risk reduction in the periodic updating of the dsn_config modeling adaptation. The dsn config converter tool is used for converting the dsn_config.cvs file into a multi-mission AAF file for use "], ["software", "NPO-45583-1", "NPO-45583-1", "Autonomous Data Reduction for NASA Earth Science Data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "NASA atmospheric and Earth science missions generate vast amounts of data every day. Clustering algorithms are used in various applications including pattern recognition, classification, data compression, regression, and related optimization problems. The design implements a computational solution f"], ["software", "NPO-45848-1", "NPO-45848-1", "Ensemble REST: Framework for RESTful WebServices in OSGI", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "REST-based web services are a great tool for connecting a diverse set of components together in a clean and simple fashion. Ensemble REST makes it easy for developers to write and deploy RESTful web applications, and the HTTP protocol enables anyone to access and utilize the exposed services. There "], ["software", "NPO-45871-1", "NPO-45871-1", "Maestro Science Activity Planner for Mars", "operations", "JPL", "The Maestro Science Activity Planner (Maestro) provides an intuitive interface to the Mars Exploration Rovers Mission, combining cutting-edge visualization with sophisticated planning and simulation capabilities."], ["software", "NPO-45908-1", "NPO-45908-1", "MSLICE - Science Activity Planner for MSL", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "MSLICE has been tasked to fulfill a challenging set of requirements. To meet these requirements, MSLICE delivers a rich feature set which includes but is not limited to:1) Simple, intuitive, and powerful search capability. For any given mission there is a huge amount of data and associated metadata "], ["software", "NPO-45962-1", "NPO-45962-1", "Source Lines Counter (SLiC) version 4.0", "business systems and project management", "JPL", "SLiC has been used in a variety of projects and missions at JPL, with over 75 active users at JPL alone. It is the official code counter endorsed by the Software Quality Improvement Project for its metrics collections effort across JPL and SQIs most requested software product. SLiC provides data for"], ["software", "NPO-47089-1", "NPO-47089-1", "File Exchange Interface 5 - New enhancements to NTR 40075", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The File Exchange Interface (FEI) service offers secure file transaction, store, transport, and management services. The latest distribution, FEI5 software code name Komodo, is a complete redesign from its predecessors by adopting the latest computing technologies and standards."], ["software", "NPO-47115-1", "NPO-47115-1", "Lidar Based Hazard Relative Navigation Algorithm for Safe Lunar Landing", "autonomous systems", "JPL", "The purpose of HRN is to provide measurements to the Navigation Filter so that it can limit errors on the position estimate after hazards have been detected. The hazards are detected by processing a hazard digital elevation map (HDEM). The HRN process takes lidar images as the spacecraft descends to"], ["software", "NPO-47237-1", "NPO-47237-1", "MPS Editor", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The MPS Editor is written in Java using the Eclipse Rich Client Platform. The editor allows users to start in the early phases of development and continue on through the operations phases. It is currently built with four perspectives: the Activity Dictionary Perspective, the Project Adaptation Persp"], ["software", "NPO-47292-1", "NPO-47292-1", "MSLICE Sequencing", "operations", "JPL", "This tool was developed for the NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. MSLICE Sequencing is a graphical tool for writing sequences and integrating them into RML files, as well as producing SCMF files for uplink. When operated in a testbed environment, it also supports uplinking these SCMF files"], ["software", "NPO-47557-1", "NPO-47557-1", "InSAR Scientific Computing Environment", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "This software uses the next generation of geodetic imaging processing technology for InSAR sensors, which is needed to provide flexibility and extensibility in reducing measurements from radar satellites and aircraft to new geophysical products."], ["software", "NPO-47621-1", "NPO-47621-1", "Property Kind Calculus", "data and image processing", "JPL", "PropertyKindCalculus (PKC) is a formally verified metrology kernel implemented in the Lean 4 interactive theorem prover. It formalizes Ren Dybkr's An Ontology on Property for Physical, Chemical, and Biological Systems (2009) and David Flater's full tracking of kinds of quantities (NIST Technical Not"], ["software", "NPO-47703-1", "NPO-47703-1", "Ndarts", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "Ndarts is designed as a general purpose dynamics library that can be used for the modeling of robotic platforms, space vehicles, molecular dynamics and such applications. All NASA space vehicles use such capabilities."], ["software", "NPO-47725-1", "NPO-47725-1", "Earth Science Datacasting v2.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "Based on the popular concept of podcasting, which gives listeners the capability to download only those mp3 files that match their preference, earth science datacasting will give users control to download only the earth science data files that are required for a particular application. In essence, e"], ["software", "NPO-47768-1", "NPO-47768-1", "A Multi-Scale Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation System for Coastal Ocean Prediction", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A multi-scale three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme (MS-3DVAR) has been formulated and the associated software has been developed for high resolution coastal ocean models, aiming to assimilate simultaneously and effectively sparse vertical profiles and high resolution surface measur"], ["software", "NPO-47810-1", "NPO-47810-1", "State Chart Autocoder", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "This NASA technology automatically generates code from UML/SysML state-machine models specified in the MagicDraw modeling tool. Input is saved as XML data files, and output is provided by the state-machine implementation code in C, C , Python, or Promela. A test suite validates output products, and "], ["software", "NPO-47832-1", "NPO-47832-1", "A Model-Driven, Science Data Product Registration Service", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Planetary Data System (PDS) has undertaken an effort to overhaul the PDS data architecture (e.g., data model, data structures, data dictionary, etc.) and deploy a software system (online data services, distributed data catalog, etc.) that fully embraces the PDS federation as an integrated system"], ["software", "NPO-47934-1", "NPO-47934-1", "Oceanographic Data Management And Archive System", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) is the center for oceanographic data for the NASA Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). The primary function of PO.DAAC is to ingest, validate, archive, and distribute oceanographic artifacts."], ["software", "NPO-48009-1", "NPO-48009-1", "General MACOS Interface (GMI) for Modeling and Analysis for Controlled Optical Systems (MACOS)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The General MACOS Interface (GMI) enables the use of MATLAB as a front-end for JPLs critical optical modeling package MACOS. MACOS is JPL's in-house optical modeling software, which has proven to be a superb tool for advanced systems engineering of optical systems. GMI, coupled with MACOS, allows fo"], ["software", "NPO-48199-1", "NPO-48199-1", "Dartslab dtest testing software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The dtest tool is a utility program (written in Python), that scans through a directory (and its subdirectories) and finds all directories that match a certain pattern (directory name starts with test_ or test-) and then executes any tests in that directory as described simple configuration files. T"], ["software", "NPO-48235-1", "NPO-48235-1", "CalSimHydro", "operations", "JPL", "This Web-based, Google Earth-enabled interactive interface provides a tool for configuring, running, viewing, and downloading the results of a CalSim 3.0 Hydrology Preprocessor program. The software allows the user to (1) interact with a map of water budget areas (WBAs) and display data for a select"], ["software", "NPO-48344-1", "NPO-48344-1", "InSAR Scientific Computing Environment version 2", "data and image processing", "JPL", "ISCE version 2 provides an integrated processing and visualization computing environment that allows users of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data from a variety of space-borne sensors to process from Level-0 to Level-4 products."], ["software", "NPO-48378-1", "NPO-48378-1", "Juneberry Web Service Software", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "Implements the open webification API and provides ReSTful web services for planetary image data in commonly-used formats. Exposes content of planetary image data through meaningful URLs and enables creation of applications on diverse platforms."], ["software", "NPO-48447-1", "NPO-48447-1", "pyam: Python-implementation of YaM", "data and image processing", "JPL", "pyam is a software development framework with tools for facilitating the rapid development of software in a concurrent software development environment. pyam provides solutions for thorny development challenges associated with software reuse, managing multiple software configurations, developing of "], ["software", "NPO-48644-1", "NPO-48644-1", "The EDRN Knowledge Environment", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "JPL has provided the underlying infrastructure to share data increasing the study power associated with capturing and comparing information. The infrastructure provides software services including data processing and management (eCAS), biomarker data management (BMDB), specimen data management (ERNE"], ["software", "NPO-48712-1", "NPO-48712-1", "GNEIMO Advanced Techniques for Constrained Internal Coordinate Molecular Dynamics", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The GNEIMO methods and algorithms build up on the Spatial Operator Algebra (SOA) multibody dynamics framework. The specific problems addressed in this work are velocity intialization techniques that are consistent with the CICMD equipartition priniciple, techniques for nulling momentum drift, analys"], ["software", "NPO-48877-1", "NPO-48877-1", "DEMUD: Discovery through Eigenbasis Modeling of Uninteresting Data", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "We have developed a machine learning solution called DEMUD (Discovery through Eigenbasis Modeling of Uninteresting Data). DEMUD works by building a model U of the uninteresting class and then identifying items that are maximally anomalous (and therefore likely to be interesting) with respect to that"], ["software", "NPO-48906-1", "NPO-48906-1", "DTNTAP", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "DTNTAP is a userspace Ethernet driver with the potential to expedite DTN deployment by providing a transition mechanism for legacy IP (Internet Protocol) applications to run alongside delay and disruption tolerant applications in large scale communication networks. By presenting an Ethernet-like int"], ["software", "NPO-49004-1", "NPO-49004-1", "A Web-based Search Service to Support Imaging Spectrometer Instrument Operations.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Just as web search involves more than matching phrases, spectral search is more challenging than simply matching the shape of the spectrum. The background substrate and illumination changes can cause the same signature to appear very different across scenes. Here, the search service uses an adaptive"], ["software", "NPO-49044-1", "NPO-49044-1", "The OCO-2 Level 2 Retrieval Algorithm", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The primary purpose of the Level 2 retrieval software is to derive estimates of the column averaged atmospheric CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2, and other Level 2 data products from the spectra returned by the OCO-2 mission. Where XCO2 is defined as the ratio of the column abundances of CO2 and the "], ["software", "NPO-49145-1", "NPO-49145-1", "EarthKit", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "EarthKit provides a framework for collaboration among researchers in Earth science. It provides a set of software tools for sharing any user's research environment via the web and managing workflows that run in the cloud. By leveraging cloud computing services in this novel way, EarthKit can instant"], ["software", "NPO-49205-1", "NPO-49205-1", "PolSARproSimPlus: Coherent Electromagnetic Simulator for Radar Scattering from Forests", "aeronautics", "JPL", "PolSARproSim features the computation of SAR backscatter images from a region with three types of scattering objects: a bare surface, an isotropic layer of short vegetation and individual trees. The software considers only directly scattered radar returns from the bare surface, while both the trees "], ["software", "NPO-49404-1", "NPO-49404-1", "Instrument Software Framework (ISF) Software Component Architectural Framework", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software implements a very compact reusable software framework based on a software component architecture. It includes a code generator for producing C++ component base classes for use by implementers implementing the domain-specific logic. It provides the functionality to interconnect componen"], ["software", "NPO-49413-1", "NPO-49413-1", "DTKA, a Prototype Implementation of Delay-Tolerant Security Key Distribution", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "Unlike all Internet mechanisms for security distribution (e.g., certificate authorities), DTKA operates over the extremely long signal propagation times and interrupted links that characterize communication with interplanetary spacecraft. It has no single point of failure and cannot be \"spoofed\" by "], ["software", "NPO-49540-1", "NPO-49540-1", "HORIZON 5 - Framework for distributed data management and product generation workflow", "business systems and project management", "JPL", "HORIZON 5 is an extensible framework for data management systems. It is packaged with the following components SIP/AIP: The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) specification defines the framework for information capturing to information distribution."], ["software", "NPO-49732-1", "NPO-49732-1", "Space Mission Architecture and Risk Analysys Tool (SMART)", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "SMART supports a high-level system trade study on a complex mission, such as a potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission, in an intuitive and quantitative manner. SMART offers a unique capability of handling correlated redundancies and accurately evaluate the probability of mission success as well "], ["software", "NPO-49756-1", "NPO-49756-1", "IMCE Ontological Modeling Framework", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "JPL's Integrated Model-Centric Engineering (IMCE) initiative developed ontologies for Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to support JPL's MBSE practices and methodologies. The IMCE ontologies have been carefully engineered to provide support for scalable query and reasoning according to the sema"], ["software", "NPO-49757-1", "NPO-49757-1", "OMG Tool Infrastructure Working Group Workflow Automation & Modeling Tool Extensions", "data and image processing", "JPL", "JPL led the production of official machine-readable artifacts for several cycles of the official task forces that develop the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Systems Modeling Language (SysML) specification standards published by the Object Management Group (OMG). The technology in this NTR focus"], ["software", "NPO-49821-1", "NPO-49821-1", "Regional Hydrologic Extremes Assessment System (RHEAS) software framework", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "Automates the deployment of nowcasting and forecasting hydrologic simulations and ingests satellite observations (through data assimilation). Allows coupling of other environmental models. Also facilitates delivery of data products to users via a GIS-enabled database. users of project outputs throug"], ["software", "NPO-49832-1", "NPO-49832-1", "Knowledge Acquisition and Synthesis for Information Model Driven Architectures (CornerStone)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This framework uses established requirements and best-practices for long-term digital repositories to create an information model for a set of one or several related domains in a community. The information model is subsequently used to configure the functional components of an information model-driv"], ["software", "NPO-49845-1", "NPO-49845-1", "VICAR - Video Image Communication And Retrieval", "data and image processing", "JPL", "VICAR, which stands for Video Image Communication And Retrieval, is a general purpose image processing software system that has been developed since 1966 to digitally process multi-dimensional imaging data. VICAR was developed primarily to process images from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's unmanned"], ["software", "NPO-49868-1", "NPO-49868-1", "Juneplum - ReSTful Web Access of OPeNDAP Hyrax Back End Server", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "Juneplum is implemented as a Java servlet webapp and can be directly deployed into the same servlet engine that Hyrax frontend lives in. With Juneplum, any data product served by OPeNDAP is made simultaneously accessible in a fully ReSTful way."], ["software", "NPO-49883-1", "NPO-49883-1", "TIE 0.4 - The Imagery Exchange for the NASA Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) Project", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software known as the The Imagery Exchange (TIE) 0.4 is an extension of the HORIZON 5 framework. It delivers horizontal scaling solutions for image capturing to automate the generation of the Meta Raster Format (MRF) imagery products."], ["software", "NPO-49884-1", "NPO-49884-1", "EDGE - The Extensible Data Gateway Environment", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "EDGE uses Apache Solr for fast indexed search backend. Inventory data stored in PO.DAAC's Oracle server is being incrementally indexed avery 15 minutes. Apache Solr provides optimal search solution to all data it managements. By offloading data from Oracle, this eliminates Denial of Service (DoS) at"], ["software", "NPO-50015-1", "NPO-50015-1", "AMMOS Key Management and Cryptography (KMC)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "KMC is used in flight project ground data systems to utilize cryptography to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data at-rest and in-transit.KMC also provides features that are used in flight project ground data systems to apply frame-layer encryption and/or authentication to protect frames"], ["software", "NPO-50050-1", "NPO-50050-1", "Cobra: A Code Browser and Analyzer -- an extendable, interactive tool for the analysis of C code", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "Provides software developers, peer reviewers, testers, and quality assurance personnel with an interactive tool that facilitates searching for patterns, confirm compliance or non-compliance with coding guidelines and coding standards, identify suspicious code fragments, etc. Cobra uses a lexical ana"], ["software", "NPO-50126-1", "NPO-50126-1", "SysML System Model for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "SysML is a standard, visual, and general-purpose system modeling language developed by the Object Management Group (OMG). MagicDraw from NoMagic is used as a modelling tool."], ["software", "NPO-50136-1", "NPO-50136-1", "OMINAS (OPEN-SOURCE MODULAR IMAGE NAVIGATION AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM) astronomical data processing software", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "The primary motivation for the development of this software was to separate the analysis part of the problem from the data-specific part. This allows the exact same software to be used for multiple missions as needed; the only requirement for new mission input is the creation of a translator specifi"], ["software", "NPO-50138-1", "NPO-50138-1", "RiverObs", "data and image processing", "JPL", "RiverObs is a set of Python modules designed to ingest raster or point data, project them to a river centerline, modify the centerline, if desired, and calculate quantities, such as width, slope or stage that apply to a river reach."], ["software", "NPO-50157-1", "NPO-50157-1", "NEXUS: Deep Data Platform", "data servers processing and handling", "JPL", "NEXUS provides a bridge between science data and horizontal-scaling data analysis. It provides a workflow to divide science artifacts into small data tiles to store in a cloud-scaled database where they can be quickly retrieved through a high performance spatial search registry. Through spatial inde"], ["software", "NPO-50185-1", "NPO-50185-1", "Real Time Spectroscopic Survey and Analysis", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software has been developed specifically for NASA sun-synchronous Earth orbiting science spacecraft and has little commercial potential. No commercial market foreseen. This software is copyright protected."], ["software", "NPO-50256-1", "NPO-50256-1", "RedShift: mobile app for following the tactical and strategic operations meeting schedule", "business systems and project management", "JPL", "The RedShift mobile app lets operations staff on the MSL project follow the operations schedule of tactical and strategic meetings. RedShift is an application for iOS and Android that presents the meeting agenda for MSL strategic and tactical meeting events that are a part of the operations workflow"], ["software", "NPO-50269-1", "NPO-50269-1", "DAta to Image SYstem (DAISY)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Level 2 data can be visualized with accurate geometry through the use of the DAISY software and the GIBS web services. L2 data geolocation is indexed and instrument viewing geometry is used to generate accurate data footprints per data point in the form of an index image. An index image contains ind"], ["software", "NPO-50389-1", "NPO-50389-1", "Multi-Mission Geographic Information System: a Spatial Data Infrastructure for Planetary Missions", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Our goal is to develop a multi-mission geographic information system (MMGIS) to create a planetary mission spatial data infrastructure (SDI) with geospatial data standards, tools, and interfaces for accessing science instrument data on a map in near-real time. This will be achieved by automating the"], ["software", "NPO-50406-1", "NPO-50406-1", "nfer: A Notation and System for Inferring Event Stream Abstractions", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The NFER software provides a rule-based notation and system for labeling event streams. The result of a labeling is a set of intervals: named sections of the event stream, each including a start time, and end time, and a map holding data selected from the events and sub-intervals making up the inter"], ["software", "NPO-50468-1", "NPO-50468-1", "Connection of Cameo Simulation Toolkit with RabbitMQ Messaging Service", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This NTR covers a small but specific portion of the task. It is used to utilize MagicDraw as a \"ground station\" for testbed operations. It is only an application of off-the-shelf software. Communication from MagicDraw's Cameo Simulation Toolkit to Rabbit MQ Messaging Service."], ["software", "NPO-50487-1", "NPO-50487-1", "Onboard Coaddition of Multiple Image Frames to Increase Signal to Noise Ratio and Facilitate Target Tracking", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software is part of the agile science framework and the Near Earth Asteroid Scout (NEAScout) CubeSat flight software. The purpose of this software is to automatically increase the signal to noise ratio of image data, acquired by a spacecraft, without the need for data downlink. This is accompli"], ["software", "NPO-50498-1", "NPO-50498-1", "Mars Target Encyclopedia", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Mars Target Encyclopedia (MTE) contains compositional information about Mars surface targets. The information was automatically extracted from scientific publications. Users can search for all targets that contain an element (e.g., \"calcium\") or mineral (e.g., \"hematite\") and see a map view of t"], ["software", "NPO-50576-1", "NPO-50576-1", "EVRTH : Virtual Reality Earth Data Visualization using streaming tiled GIBS data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This project offers users a real-time globe textured with the latest imagery received from NASA spacecraft. Users areable to manipulate the globe and access scientific data.. Features include:Real and Up to Date Image AccessAccess the latest daily imagery from NASAs Global Imagery Browse Services (G"], ["software", "NPO-50581-1", "NPO-50581-1", "Traceable Robotic Activity Composer and Executive (TRACE)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "TRACE provides users with the ability to graphically model event/data-driven missions that can then be execute by one or more robotic systems. It includes tools to verify these missions both for correctness and for achieving specified requirements. It also includes a composer for designing missions "], ["software", "NPO-50595-1", "NPO-50595-1", "Streaming 3D Tile support for Unity3D Game Engine", "data and image processing", "JPL", "3D Tiles is an emerging standard for describing and storing large 3D models as a series of tiles at various levels of detail. These tiles are broken up according to a space partitioning graph. This enables rendering clients to download only the tiles needed to saturate the resolution of a client dev"], ["software", "NPO-50601-1", "NPO-50601-1", "Kontest: A tool for scenario-based software testing", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Kontest is a new tool for automated software testing. It provides convenient syntax allowing a developer to write test scenarios that can describe broad classes of tests. Scenarios can be as simple as an ordinary unit test with added parameters that can take a range of values, but can also include n"], ["software", "NPO-50616-1", "NPO-50616-1", "InSAR processor for ALOS-2 multi-mode SAR data and ionospheric correction", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software implements the InSAR processing of ALOS-2 multi-mode SAR data and InSAR ionospheric correction based on the JPLs ISCE software. Like ISCE, the parameters are mainly handled by python programs, while image processing are mainly done by C or Fortran programs. When available, the basic mo"], ["software", "NPO-50634-1", "NPO-50634-1", "HELM: Hologram Examination for Life-like Motility", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We seek to develop algorithms to detect moving objects directly in the holograms produced by a Digital Holographic Microscope (DHM), eliminating the majority of computation required for spatial reconstruction. We further will construct a functional prototype system that tracks these particles, analy"], ["software", "NPO-50647-1", "NPO-50647-1", "SPOC-Lite: On-board, lightweight terrain classifier for planetary rovers", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The SPOC-Lite software is intended for on-board rover software to enhance safety of autonomous driving. By remotely detecting sandy surface, the rover can safely avoid slips/wheel embedding caused by sandy terrains."], ["software", "NPO-50675-1", "NPO-50675-1", "Neural Network Emulation of VSWIR Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Models", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Conventional Visible Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometer atmospheric correction evolved from multi-band approaches and generally does not exploit the full spectral measurement. We hypothesize that a pure spectroscopic approach can improve atmospheric inversion accuracy to minimize region"], ["software", "NPO-50696-1", "NPO-50696-1", "AMMOS Instrument Toolkit", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The AMMOS Instrument Toolkit is a lightweight operations and data processing toolkit for instruments and small satellites. It provides traditional uplink and downlink capabilities across all phases of the project lifecycle from early development and prototyping, through to integration and test, and "], ["software", "NPO-50704-1", "NPO-50704-1", "Probabilistic iterative inversion of combined surface/atmosphere models for atmospheric correction of imaging spectrometer data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We have developed a software package that permits inversion of imaging spectrometer data using a Bayesian probabilistic formalism and least squares optimization with a \"forward model\" of photon transport to match an estimate of atmosphere and surface properties to the measured spectrum. It is instan"], ["software", "NPO-50715-1", "NPO-50715-1", "Fast Linearized Coronagraph Optimizer (FALCO)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Fast Linearized Coronagraph Optimizer (FALCO) is a free toolbox of routines for coronagraphic focal plane wavefront correction. The goal of FALCO is to provide a modular, open-source framework for the simulation and/or testbed operation of several common types of coronagraphs. FALCO includes rou"], ["software", "NPO-50759-1", "NPO-50759-1", "3D Ground Control Station for Aerial Vehicles", "data and image processing", "JPL", "With the growing use of autonomous quadrotors for research and deployment in a range of fields, there is a growing need for effective trajectory optimisation. To have effective trajectory optimisation, it is important to be able to assess the suitability of a planned trajectory prior to sending it t"], ["software", "NPO-50770-1", "NPO-50770-1", "CERBERUS: a Bayesian retrieval scheme for efficiently applying high dimensionality model spaces to the study of exoplanet atmospheres", "data and image processing", "JPL", "CERBERUS is a scientific software code developed for estimating properties of exoplanet atmospheres - planets that orbit nearby stars - based on spectroscopic observations from astronomical observatories. The code implements a Bayesian approach coupled with a novel branch-pruning method which allows"], ["software", "NPO-50785-1", "NPO-50785-1", "PDSC: Planetary Data System Coincidences", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The PDSC library allows for quickly querying coincident observations by constructing a set of special databases and index structures during the ingestion process. The first database constructed is simply a SQL version of the PDS cumulative index. The second set of index structures holds geometric in"], ["software", "NPO-50793-1", "NPO-50793-1", "SpiceyJS - Time conversion library based on NAIF's CSPICE", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Spicey is a time conversion library based on NAIF's CSPICE. In order to accomplish this, we automatically converted the C source code into Javascript via Emscripten. In order for them to work in a much more user friendly and Javascript-like way, we have created wrapper functions that interact with t"], ["software", "NPO-50805-1", "NPO-50805-1", "OpenSCRUB", "data and image processing", "JPL", "OpenSCRUB is an orchestration framework that is used to run and aggregate results from multiple static code analysis tools. OpenSCRUB is customizable to the needs of the project, allowing teams to tailor execution to meet their needs. OpenSCRUB also allows users to export static analysis results to "], ["software", "NPO-50821-1", "NPO-50821-1", "TilePredictor: Image and Pixelwise Classification with Tile-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "TilePredictor is a python library designed to rapidly construct and evaluate CNN-based image classifiers for image and pixelwise classification problems. In particular, TilePredictor is designed to generate pixelwise predictions using image-based CNN classifiers which generate a single prediction pe"], ["software", "NPO-50825-1", "NPO-50825-1", "Asteroid Survey Simulation Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Modeling of candidate asteroid search programs by producing files of individual image pointing for the observatory. Hypothetical asteroid populations are checked to see which of the objects are in each field and lists of candidate detections are developed. Post-processing leads to an estimate of the"], ["software", "NPO-50830-1", "NPO-50830-1", "OnSight: Multi-platform terrain visualization for science, engineering, and public outreach", "data and image processing", "JPL", "OnSight allow scientists and engineers to immerse themselves within a reconstruction of the terrain around the Curiosity rover. Prior to OnSight, scientists worked primarily by viewing 2D images or panoramas sent back by the Curiosity rover. However, it is extremely difficult to get a sense of three"], ["software", "NPO-50838-1", "NPO-50838-1", "LSTM-based Anomaly Detection System for Spacecraft Telemetry", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Detecting anomalies in spacecraft telemetry using fully-automated machine learning-based approaches."], ["software", "NPO-50859-1", "NPO-50859-1", "Programmatic Cost Tool (PCT)--A Spreadsheet Tool for Systematically Generating Sand Charts for Human Spaceflight Architectures.", "business systems and project management", "JPL", "Multi-system, multi-decade human spaceflight architectures can be very complex. Using a system architecting approach, the Programmatic Cost Tool (PCT) transforms user-provided data artifacts (e.g., systems, flight types, flight schedules) on human spaceflight architectures into a table of year-by-ye"], ["software", "NPO-50864-1", "NPO-50864-1", "DejaVu", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The objective of DejaVu is to verify the execution of a running system against a requirement formalized in a formal logic. The system will typically be a software system that has been instrumented to generate events as it executes. The event stream is then consumed by the DejaVu monitor, and checked"], ["software", "NPO-50887-1", "NPO-50887-1", "PIQUANT X-ray Fluorescence Quantification Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Calibration work is underway to enhance the elemental quantification capabilities of the prototype Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) on Mars 2020. This work is intended ultimately to benefit scientists analyzing PIXL data derived from the eventual flight instrument. Quantification"], ["software", "NPO-50897-1", "NPO-50897-1", "OIIP Data Viewer", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Oceanographic In-Situ Interoperability Project aims to integrate diverse in-situ datasets with related remote sensing products from NASA. The data viewer is the web application through which users can explore and interrogate the range of data available within this project. The application will r"], ["software", "NPO-50934-1", "NPO-50934-1", "Data driven solutions for general satellite maneuvers.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Satellite swarms will be an integral tool for many future space-based scientific endeavors, including space-based interferometry. These endeavors will require the ability to precisely reconfigure satellites swarms to specifications generated on the fly according to scientific priorities. Crucial to "], ["software", "NPO-50960-1", "NPO-50960-1", "PIXELATE, an Astrobiology visualization tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry is called PIXL. PIXL has a tool called an X-ray spectrometer. It identifies chemical elements at a tiny scale. PIXL also has a camera that takes super close-up pictures of rock and soil textures. It can see features as small as a grain of salt! Toget"], ["software", "NPO-50982-1", "NPO-50982-1", "The Multi-mission Algorithm and Analytics Platform (MAAP)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The purpose of the joint NASA/ESA Multi-Mission Algorithm and Analysis Platform (MAAP) is to maximize the use of earth observational data in an open and collaborative environment. Initially, the project will use data from the BIOMASS, GEDI, and NISAR missions, which represent a highly complementary "], ["software", "NPO-51089-1", "NPO-51089-1", "GIBS Machine Learning for Data Validation and Natural Event Detection", "data and image processing", "JPL", "NASA Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) provides a full-resolution image archive of over 70 million images and access to services for over 700 NASA Earth science data products covering every part of the world. Most imagery is available within 3-5 hours after satellite overpass and some products s"], ["software", "NPO-51093-1", "NPO-51093-1", "Methane Source Finder web application (user-interface and server)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We will combine our collective expertise in atmospheric chemistry, carbon cycle science, spectroscopy, data assimilation, machine learning software engineering, and science systems engineering to develop CEDAS to meet the following objectives: 1.Detect and characterize localized methane and CO2 anom"], ["software", "NPO-51099-1", "NPO-51099-1", "Planetary Data System Inspect Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Inspect Tool is a component of the Preparation Tools suite of tools providing functionality for preparing data for ingestion into PDS. It is intended to provide a capability for opening and inspecting the contents (e.g. label, objects, groups) of any PDS compliant archival product, and a method "], ["software", "NPO-51110-1", "NPO-51110-1", "Cloud Vertical Structure Reconstruction using Generative Adversarial Networks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We demonstrate the feasibility of solving atmospheric remote sensing problems with machine learning using conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs), implemented using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We apply the CGAN to generating two-dimensional cloud vertical structures observed th"], ["software", "NPO-51130-1", "NPO-51130-1", "PDS4 Java Library and Tools", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Software for accessing PDS4 data objects including selected transformations to common formats. This software is packaged as a Java library with an example driver program and is called by the Validate Tool to assist in validation and by the Transform Tool to transform PDS4 products into common format"], ["software", "NPO-51132-1", "NPO-51132-1", "PDS Archive Inventory and Monitoring System (AIMS)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "For PDS Cartography and Imaging Science Node, it is critical that we know what data we have, where it is on the file system, ensure data integrity is maintained, and the data is available through the Atlas. Currently we have a loose understanding of the data we have, but we need to enable a more det"], ["software", "NPO-51147-1", "NPO-51147-1", "Interactive Data Analyzer and Reviewer for Machine Learning Systems", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The framework we provide is extremely light-weight and flexible to be expanded to adapt for almost any data related interactions in machine learning systems. The tools included in the framework not only aim to provide deeper insights into the system to machine learning experts, but also are key comp"], ["software", "NPO-51196-1", "NPO-51196-1", "Python-ION interface (pyion)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "pyion provides an Python interface to JPL's Interplantary Overlay Network (ION) via a Proxy class that allows create Endpoints through which you can send or receive bytes, bytearrays and memoryviews. They operate in a manner similar to how TCP/UDP sockets operate."], ["software", "NPO-51204-1", "NPO-51204-1", "Radio Astronomy Software Tools", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Radio Astronomy Software Tools} is a collection of softwarepackages that have proven useful in doing radio astronomy with NASA's Deep Space Network. It includes a monitor and control system that is overlaid on the operational monitor and control to provide features necessary or useful for conducting"], ["software", "NPO-51221-1", "NPO-51221-1", "The Exoplanet Transit Survey", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Exoplanet Transit Survey (ETS) provides a framework that can be used by a network of amateur astronomers and small colleges and universities to observe transiting exoplanets. These observations will be used to more accurately predict upcoming exoplanet transits, to more efficiently use large tel"], ["software", "NPO-51240-1", "NPO-51240-1", "PDS Transform Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The PDS Transform Tool project contains software for transforming PDS3 and PDS4 product labels and product data into common formats more applicable for user applications and scientific research."], ["software", "NPO-51247-1", "NPO-51247-1", "Open CAESAR Server", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Open CAESAR Server has been developed at JPL in the Integrated Model-Centric Engineering (IMCE) initiative as part of a foundation and ecosystem for experimenting and tackling an increasingly complex set of challenges and opportunities in the modern practice of systems engineering characterized by t"], ["software", "NPO-51295-1", "NPO-51295-1", "VegMapper", "data and image processing", "JPL", "VegMapper is an open-source package build in the R language, that employ Bayesian algorithms to generate the presence probability for a user-defined class. It automates and streamlines all GIS operations to integrate remote sensing imagery with in-situ data. The package is flexible and can accept a "], ["software", "NPO-51299-1", "NPO-51299-1", "SciHound", "data and image processing", "JPL", "SciHound is an Android app that allows users to survey areas and help with calibration and validation of land cover maps from remote sensing. It streamlines the interfacing between remote sensing scientists and researchers from the broader environmental sciences community.Minimalistic interface allo"], ["software", "NPO-51303-1", "NPO-51303-1", "Simplegrid: Simple local grid creation and refinement for ocean circulation models", "data and image processing", "JPL", "simplegrid is a python package for creating, refining, and joining horizontal quadrilateral grids that are used in connection with the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm).simplegrid is based on equal great circle arc subdivision (hence the name) with geodesic computations provided by pyproj/PROJ."], ["software", "NPO-51314-1", "NPO-51314-1", "Deep Reinforcement Learning Model for High Level Science Planning using Formation Flying", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software trains algorithms to optimize science return for Earth orbiting missions that use formation flight. The usage of deep learning techniques is uncommon for ground planning systems and has never been used before for onboard systems. The software has been designed with future onboard usage "], ["software", "NPO-51334-1", "NPO-51334-1", "Convolutional Neural Networks for Spacecraft Pose Estimation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software trains and tests convolutional neural networks to determine spacecraft pose estimation. It also contains functionality to perform image preprocessing, data augmentation and tensorflow model compression.The software takes a unique approach that incorporates more image data than other app"], ["software", "NPO-51335-1", "NPO-51335-1", "Webification of Earth Science Guidance Documentation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The goal of this technology is to provide a full stack web application to convert legacy PODAAC user guide documentation from DOCX to HTML, create standardized structure and intelligently manipulate the content of the documents. The web app is to be used as an internal tool for PODAAC Data Engineers"], ["software", "NPO-51336-1", "NPO-51336-1", "Deep Learning and Anomaly Detection in Mars Rover Data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The included software is for the data processing and machine learning analysis used inthe project Deep Learning and Anomaly Detection in Mars Rover Data Transmission. The filescontained the signal_processing directory contain Python scripts to organize and clean a datasetbefore passing it into the v"], ["software", "NPO-51337-1", "NPO-51337-1", "Random Forest Classifier for Real-Time Operations", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Our team is trying to improve the ground data systems that are used to analyze if data sent from space is received by JPL completely and correctly. There are several points along the journey from space to JPL where data can get lost. Our job is to first determine whether data was lost and, if so, th"], ["software", "NPO-51367-1", "NPO-51367-1", "Probabilistic assessment of surface composition by remote imaging spectroscopy", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The algorithm is being used primarily as a research tool. We ran experiments demonstrating this strategy with end-to-end accounting and propagation of uncertainty across calibration, reflectance, and mineral detection with closure of error budgets and residuals consistent with uncertainty prediction"], ["software", "NPO-51390-1", "NPO-51390-1", "Campaign Analysis Mapping and Planning Tool (CAMP)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Campaign Analysis Mapping and Planning tool (CAMP) provides an advanced web-based geospatial data creation tool for a distributed user base. This tool is designed for science operations to create strategic 'targets' for mission guidance as well as a collaborative tool to make, edit, and share ge"], ["software", "NPO-51406-1", "NPO-51406-1", "Cloud-based Data Processing System for ECCO", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) global ocean state estimation system (https://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov) is the premier tool for synthesizing NASA's diverse Earth system observations into a complete physical description of Earth's time-evolving full-depth ocean and sea ice sys"], ["software", "NPO-51433-1", "NPO-51433-1", "Raytracing Atmospheric Delay Estimation for RADAR - RAiDER", "data and image processing", "JPL", "RAiDER is a Python package that contains tools to calculate tropospheric radar slant delays for both airborne and space borne sensors. It estimates delays by calculating the index of refractivity at the native weather model grid nodes and then integrating along the ray path of the signal, from the g"], ["software", "NPO-51451-1", "NPO-51451-1", "LAMP: Large-scale Autonomous Mapping and Positioning", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software, Large-scale Autonomous Mapping and Positioning (LAMP) is a complete package for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) that is adaptable to a large range of robotic systems for exploration of unknown indoor and underground environments. LAMP will process sensor inputs, such as li"], ["software", "NPO-51454-1", "NPO-51454-1", "FRINGE - Fine Resolution InSAR using Generalized Eigenvectors", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We present FRInGE, our newly developed InSAR time-series analysis toolbox which implements the state-of-the-art methods to efficiently explore the full capability of modern SAR observations to produce ground displacement time-series at full resolution of SAR images at pixels dominated by Permanent S"], ["software", "NPO-51486-1", "NPO-51486-1", "Javascript implementation for rendering 3D Tiles in three.js", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Implements a renderer for the open source 3D Tiles format in the web for three.js which is being used to represent Mars terrain for operations tools."], ["software", "NPO-51495-1", "NPO-51495-1", "Operational Cloud Store (OCS)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Mars 2020 Mission's primary objective is to collect 20 geographically unique samples during its prime mission of one and a quarter Martian years, or just over 2 Earth years. Mission planners determined the project needed to develop a system that would enable the operations team to analyze engine"], ["software", "NPO-51496-1", "NPO-51496-1", "NASA PDS - NSSDCA Delivery Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "NSSDCA Delivery Tool is responsible for the generation of two information packages for ensuring the integrity of the archive with respect to the NSSDCA and Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model [6]. The packages are intended to be generated by Discipline Node staff any time new dat"], ["software", "NPO-51508-1", "NPO-51508-1", "Methods for Detecting Novel Geology in Mastcam Multispectral Observations", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Our novelty detection work is implemented in Python using the Keras and TensorFlow machine learning libraries. We created a dataset of Mastcam multispectral images and selected known examples of novel observations to evaluate the novelty detection performance of the compared methods.This is the firs"], ["software", "NPO-51511-1", "NPO-51511-1", "Simulation-based uncertainty quantification for atmospheric sounding", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Complex retrieval algorithms for converting satellite-observed spectral radiances into estimates of geophysical quantities are common and important parts of the remote sensing data processing pipeline. The scientific utility of retrieval data products is bolstered by a thorough understanding of the "], ["software", "NPO-51530-1", "NPO-51530-1", "BodyDataReader", "data and image processing", "JPL", "BodyDataReader is an ephemeris and physical constants reader that makes it easy to retrieve data on any body in the solar system."], ["software", "NPO-51540-1", "NPO-51540-1", "Comprehensive Analysis of Time Series Forecasting Using Neural Networks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The objective was to develop advanced machine learning methods to predict future gas production in tight rock unconventional reservoirs. A particular focus was early prediction, over a range of horizons, only from data first weeks to months. The developed techniques are important for the objective."], ["software", "NPO-51572-1", "NPO-51572-1", "PDS DOI Service", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The PDS Data Object Identifier (DOI) service is responsible for the management of DOIs for the Planetary Data System. Currently, the PDS is attempting to acquire DOIs for any new data sets entering the system. This software will help automate the management of those DOIs."], ["software", "NPO-51578-1", "NPO-51578-1", "Machine Learning Test and Evaluation for Learning with Less Labels (LwLL)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software automatically generates an environment to test, graph, and collect metrics about machine learning software. The purpose is to quantitatively assess a performer (institution) and their machine learning code to evaluate whether they are using orders of magnitude less data for machine lear"], ["software", "NPO-51593-1", "NPO-51593-1", "A simulation package for underwater hydrothermal vents", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software simulates the shape, appearance and composition of hydrothermal vents, and the structure of an instrument package designed to study vents"], ["software", "NPO-51600-1", "NPO-51600-1", "mrcal - a toolkit to precisely solve calibration and structure-from-motion problems", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Mrcal contains a C library for 3D geometry operations and lens projection/unprojection operations, supporting many camera models, including JPL-specific ones that nobody else supports. Functions report the values and the gradients in respect to the input variables. The C library has higher-level fun"], ["software", "NPO-51796-1", "NPO-51796-1", "Viewshed Tool (a CAMP/MMGIS plugin)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software performs real-time viewshed analysis from a tiled digital elevation model in a web-based mapping system."], ["software", "NPO-51913-1", "NPO-51913-1", "A NASA Assurance Standards Workflow Assistant (ANASWA)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The purpose of this software is to show, by means of an operational (albeit incomplete) prototype, the feasibility of software that would help missions develop a Safety and Mission Assurance Plan that complies with NASA standards (and others, if relevant, e.g., OSHA).As a side-effect of its creation"], ["software", "NPO-51916-1", "NPO-51916-1", "Flood event monitoring from in-situ and satellite data using deep learning", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The automated flood monitoring can be performed using deep neural network models that are trained on historical, known flood events."], ["software", "NPO-51921-1", "NPO-51921-1", "ION Network Model and Browser-based Configuration Tools", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This package consists of a set of tools that allow a mission planner (without detailed protocol knowledge) to lay out the topology and basic link characteristics of a mission, create a json file describing that network, and then pass that to a protocol engineer for importing into the ION Configurati"], ["software", "NPO-51929-1", "NPO-51929-1", "Tuning Optimizing Genetic Algorithm (TOGA)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Tuning Optimizing Genetic Algorithm (TOGA) is a lightweight software package for distributed GA optimization of black-box models and algorithms. It can be used when rapid optimization of algorithms with a large number of parameters is necessary, and massively parallel compute is available."], ["software", "NPO-51944-1", "NPO-51944-1", "ViewCubeHelper (ProtoSpace System v2.0.1)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "For engineers and non-engineers who work with CAD models, ProtoSpace is a multi-platform tool that allows users to collectively view and manipulate models to save cost and time in the design and assembly processes. Unlike existing CAD tools that cannot support collaborative, persistent sessions in a"], ["software", "NPO-51949-1", "NPO-51949-1", "TROPESS Open Source Utility tools", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Each Earth science missions standard products differ from each other. There are no common utility tools that can be used from one project to another. So, in order to help end user / scientist to fully utilize the TROPESS standard products we realized that we must also provide the community some util"], ["software", "NPO-51956-1", "NPO-51956-1", "NISAR Science Notebooks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The NISAR Science Team has been developing algorithms described in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Documents (ATBD) and implemented as Jupyter Notebooks. Prior to NISAR launch, Jupyter Notebooks will be tested with representative NISAR data (e.g., UAVSAR-NISAR simulated data or Sentinel-1 data). Not"], ["software", "NPO-51960-1", "NPO-51960-1", "Cassini RADAR SAR Processor, Preprocessor, and Topography from SAR (SARTopo) Processor.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Cassini RADAR instrument onboard the Cassini Orbiter is currently collecting SAR Imagery of the surface of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. This paper describes the ground processing of Cassini SAR data. We focus upon the unusual features of the data and how these features impact the processing. We"], ["software", "NPO-51963-1", "NPO-51963-1", "Waveport Scattering Library", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Waveport Scattering Library is a collection of equations, derivations, and Matlab codes on selected topics in electromagnetic scattering. While this field is rich with problems that have been solved ana- lytically and numerically, coding these solutions from papers and textbooks can be quite dif"], ["software", "NPO-51964-1", "NPO-51964-1", "Open Archival Information System - Interoperability Framework (OAIS-IF) Standard Prototype - OAISInteropFramework", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Open Archival Information System Interoperability Framework (OAIS-IF) prototype serves as a test implementation of the OAIS-IF framework. Its goal is to facilitate international and collaborative research by fostering data sharing. Its primary objective is to offer a collection of interoperable "], ["software", "NPO-51981-1", "NPO-51981-1", "VISTA - Visualization for Telemetry Analysis", "data and image processing", "JPL", "VISTA is a modern web-based application for telemetry visualization and inspection. VISTA supports real-time and historical telemetry access for both on-site and remote users via a simple web GUI. It allows exploration and comparison of telemetry data from multiple sources, and allows teams to creat"], ["software", "NPO-51992-1", "NPO-51992-1", "PODAAC Level 2 Subsetter", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software is capable of spatial, temporal, and variable subsetting of NetCDF Level 2 data products. Provides an adapter for the EOSDIS Harmony API https://harmony.earthdata.nasa.gov/"], ["software", "NPO-52001-1", "NPO-52001-1", "MIDAS : MoM Integral-equation Decomposition for Arbitrarily-shaped Scatterers", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "MIDAS is a high performance MPI-parallelized FORTRAN implementation of a 3D full-wave model for electromagnetic (EM) scattering by arbitrarily-shaped and numerically large objects. The model is based on the use of a domain decomposition method known as the Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM)"], ["software", "NPO-52010-1", "NPO-52010-1", "LithoSphere - A tiled, 3D planetary web-based GIS library", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Lithosphere is a web-based 3D visualization tool capable of rendering raster and vector open source planetary datasets.The software supports viewing any spherical planetary body (Earth, Mars, Europa, etc.) in three dimensions (3D) including both raster and vector datasets. It is a standalone web-bas"], ["software", "NPO-52029-1", "NPO-52029-1", "Kawin: A Kampmann-Wagner Numerical (KWN) phase precipitation and coarsening modeling code", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Kawin is an open-source Python library for simulating precipitation behavior in alloys using the Kampmann-Wagner Numerical (KWN) model coupled with Calphad-based thermodynamics. The Calphad coupling is done through the open-source PyCalphad software, which allows for the usage of .TDB databases for "], ["software", "NPO-52045-1", "NPO-52045-1", "Planetary Data System Image Atlas IV", "data and image processing", "JPL", "- Metadata-driven search of IMG's ~2PB of planetary image data- Bulk downloading capability following the \"shopping cart\" paradigm- File explorer for easy navigation of IMG's archives- Geospatial search- Machine learning-driven feature classification- Interactive label viewer"], ["software", "NPO-52047-1", "NPO-52047-1", "PyTDI", "data and image processing", "JPL", "PyTDI is a Python package which provides a toolset to perform symbolical and numerical time-delay interferometry (TDI) calculations. Its functionalities include a) definition of arbitrary linear combination of time-shifted signals (i.e., TDI combinations), b) symbolical handling of TDI combinations,"], ["software", "NPO-52048-1", "NPO-52048-1", "Event-Based Visual-Inertial Odometry", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Estimating the position of a robot (localization) is an important precursor to enabling a robot to navigate autonomously. Traditional camera-based localization methods fail when the robot is moving fast (motion blur) or when the robot is in very dark or bright environments (over/undersaturated pixel"], ["software", "NPO-52050-1", "NPO-52050-1", "SAR Exploration Notebooks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The notebooks enable quick visualization and interpretation of false-color SAR RGB images, and InSAR correlation images. Notebooks are run in Google Colab and the first cells will set up the python environment. Users are asked to upload image samples into their Google Drive for easy access from Goog"], ["software", "NPO-52061-1", "NPO-52061-1", "AIT (AMMOS Instrument Toolkit) Sequence Editor", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The AMMOS Instrument Toolkit (AIT) is a Python-based software suite developed to handle Ground Data System (GDS), Electronic Ground Support Equipment (EGSE), commanding, telemetry uplink/downlink, and sequencing for JPL International Space Station and CubeSat Missions. It is a generalization and exp"], ["software", "NPO-52065-1", "NPO-52065-1", "PO.DAAC Open Software Development", "data and image processing", "JPL", "PO.DAAC Software accomplishes the ingest, archive, and management of data at PO.DAAC on premise and i the earthdata cloud"], ["software", "NPO-52071-1", "NPO-52071-1", "Cloud-based Data Match-Up Service (CDMS) In Situ Data Services", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The CDMS In Situ Data Services will be utilized by in situ data providers to provide a standardized interface to in situ data that will then be used for satellite-to-in situ data match up."], ["software", "NPO-52074-1", "NPO-52074-1", "MRSDS: Methane Research Science Data System", "data and image processing", "JPL", "While methane observing systems are proliferating there remain serious gaps in terms of data systems and analytic frameworks that can fully exploit them. Through our collective exposure to remote-sensing based methane research and applied science we assess that currently there is no information syst"], ["software", "NPO-52083-1", "NPO-52083-1", "lowfssim: integrated model of the LOWFS system on the Roman Coronagraph Instrument", "data and image processing", "JPL", "lowfssim is the official model of the LOWFS/C system on the Roman Coronagraph Instrument. It is a model of the system including sensor and actuators in the system. The model is used to form CBEs on mission requirements and validate testbed experiments. Ad-hoc questions about the system and more gene"], ["software", "NPO-52101-1", "NPO-52101-1", "OPERA SDS (Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis Science Data System) software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The OPERA project was funded by NASA in direct response to recommendations issued by the Satellite Needs Working Group (SNWG), which every two years issues a report to NASA and other federal agencies listing new desirable products that should be produced to better monitor and forecast the state of t"], ["software", "NPO-52110-1", "NPO-52110-1", "In-situ Data Transformation and Ingestion Software Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A generalized tool that would let the user to scan through the in-situ netCDF data, select the variables of interest together with associated coordinate data and transform/export them into a columnar format (such as CSV file format) that can then easily be assimilated in other COVERAGE software tool"], ["software", "NPO-52123-1", "NPO-52123-1", "Embedded software GCC/gcov lines of code coverage data extraction from the actual embedded system, without requiring a file system, or an operating system, or standard C libraries.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Measuring test effectiveness includes measuring lines of code coverage. This is historically difficult in embedded systems under realistic conditions. Sometimes it is measured partially or not at all. This software allows gcov lines of code coverage data to be extracted from software compiled with G"], ["software", "NPO-52134-1", "NPO-52134-1", "CryoFab: Harmonic Analysis of Isotropic Fields on the Sphere with Arbitrary Masks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "CryoFaB, derives a harmonic basis adapted to the survey geometry of a galaxy survey. It does this in 2Don the sphere and 3D similar to a spherical Fourier-Bessel decomposition. CryoFaB can also be used to calculate the pixel window and effect of the geometry on the power spectrum. The power spectrum"], ["software", "NPO-52154-1", "NPO-52154-1", "An Implementation of the JPEG Image Compression Software with improved Safety", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Performs lossy compression and decompression of images with increased safety compared to previous software."], ["software", "NPO-52159-1", "NPO-52159-1", "Unity - Multi-tenant, managed product development, generation, and analysis platform", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software brings together 2 key mission activities: Algorithm Development, Data Processing and Storage, and Data use and analysis. The software creates a platform for algorithm developers to 'login' and develop production quality algorithms through the use of standard tools, interfaces, and packa"], ["software", "NPO-52169-1", "NPO-52169-1", "Topographical Landmarks for Ground-Level Terrain Relative Navigation on Mars", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We have developed an automated approach to localization in which the rover makes bearing-only measurements to geographic features in its surroundings (hills, boulders, peaked ridge-lines, etc.). When the location of these landmarks can be cross-referenced with a map of Mars, the resulting solution w"], ["software", "NPO-52170-1", "NPO-52170-1", "gpsGUI: EFIS-style GPS and IMU Visualization, Logging and Log-Playback Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The gpsGUI software provides real-time Electronic Flight Instrument System (\"EFIS\") style visualization of GPS and IMU data coming over a binary TCP/IP stream. gpsGUI can be used as a stand-alone graphical program, or, various pieces can be incorporated into existing codebases using standard c++ int"], ["software", "NPO-52175-1", "NPO-52175-1", "AFIDS Automated Fusion of Image Data System", "data and image processing", "JPL", "AFIDS Open Source AbstractAFIDS (Automated Fusion of Image Data System) is a library subset of the JPL VICAR (Video Image Communication and Retrieval) image processing system. VICAR began development in the 1960s in support of NASA/JPL's mission to explore the solar system. AFIDS forked in 2000 to f"], ["software", "NPO-52184-1", "NPO-52184-1", "NeBula: Networked Belief-aware Perceptual Autonomy", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software leverages a lot of open source modules and software from the ROS (Robot Operating System) community and aims at gluing them together to build an overall autonomy stack for specific robot platforms. This overall software allows the robot to navigate between simple obstacles."], ["software", "NPO-52190-1", "NPO-52190-1", "Ingenium - Executable Electronic Procedures", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Ingenium electronic procedure system is a platform for developing and executing test procedures on complex systems. It provides numerous advantages over existing test procedure methods including a standard interface (visually and electronically), directly executable steps, implementation of redl"], ["software", "NPO-52194-1", "NPO-52194-1", "Coronagraph Alignment and Calibration Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Coronagraphs are a promising technology for the direct imaging of exoplanets at high contrast. To provide peak performance, coronagraphs must be well aligned and calibrated. This software package provides alignment and calibration routines for several common types of coronagraphs, along with functio"], ["software", "NPO-52198-1", "NPO-52198-1", "Introduction of Collaborative State Estimation for Multiple Agents into a Thermal/Visual-Inertial State Estimation Framework", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software is a modification to the X framework that enable multi robot collaboration.It adds a communication class that make the program able to exchange messages with other agents in the network. It extends the MSCKF update class to work with collaborative MSCKF updates, by using the new Covari"], ["software", "NPO-52208-1", "NPO-52208-1", "iOS barcode scanner framework", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The framework is a high-performance barcode scanner implementation that scans any iOS supported barcode formats. It uses the system Vision framework to recognize a broad set of formats, from linear UPC barcodes to 2D patterns like QR codes. By using the native iOS Vision framework, the performance i"], ["software", "NPO-52219-1", "NPO-52219-1", "EMIT Science Data System", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software suite facilitates the mapping of Earth surface mineralogy from remote imaging spectroscopy data, along with aggregation and interpretation of the use of these data in Earth System Models.Facilitates the analyses of the EMIT objectives:1. The net contribution of mineral dust to regional"], ["software", "NPO-52220-1", "NPO-52220-1", "Stellar: A Web-based Design System for Information Dense Applications in Spacecraft Operations", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Modern web applications use a variety of popular libraries for user-interface design. The most common today include Material by Google, and Bootstrap by Twitter. These libraries expose common elements of a standardized design that can be used across applications (e.g. button, input field, etc.). Whe"], ["software", "NPO-52250-1", "NPO-52250-1", "Cross-Institutional Open-source Collaborative for NASA's Multi-Mission Algorithm and Analysis Platform (MAAP) High-End Computing (HEC) and Amazon Web Services (AWS) Development, Integration and Deployment", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The MAAP development team will develop extensions to the MAAP to enable deployment of analysis requests across both AWS and NASA HECC systems (such as Pleiades). The development team will then leverage existing NASA efforts that have already begun enabling these capabilities and adapt them for MAAP "], ["software", "NPO-52251-1", "NPO-52251-1", "Library for Leader Election and Spanning Tree Distributed Construction", "data and image processing", "JPL", "NASA's Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Explorers (CADRE) project is developing a network of shoe-box-sized mobile robots that could enable future autonomous robotic exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Each robot contains an onboard computer with a wireless radio for communication a"], ["software", "NPO-52266-1", "NPO-52266-1", "Software Lifecycle Improvement and Modernization (SLIM)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Software Lifecycle Improvement and Modernization (SLIM) project seeks to provide sample scripts, configuration, documentation, and recommendations for best practices in software lifecycle modernization, software governance improvements and standards, as well as software information sharing consi"], ["software", "NPO-52286-1", "NPO-52286-1", "Forward Ocean Atmosphere Microwave Radiative Transfer Model", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software allows users to perform end-to-end simulations of satellite remote sensing of ocean state with microwave radiometers, particularly sea surface salinity."], ["software", "NPO-52290-1", "NPO-52290-1", "Harvester of remote time-stamped data products", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Ocean science and decision support applications increasingly rely on the synergistic, interdisciplinary use of multivariate/multi-parameter data from multiple distributed agency repositories. While more available, the growing variety and volume of ocean observing data combined with the heterogeneous"], ["software", "NPO-52309-1", "NPO-52309-1", "ASSESS - Automatic Semantic Search Engine for Suitable Standards", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Developing an AI/ML application for the Department of Homeland Security that can assess what Government standards and regulations apply to a given input (e.g. a document, text string, etc.)."], ["software", "NPO-52333-1", "NPO-52333-1", "[V]ectorized [s]imulated [m]easurements of the [a]tmosphere using [r]adiative [t]ransfer based on the [M]atrix [O]perator [M]ethod (vSmartMOM)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A full end-to-end modular software suite for radiative transfer and related atmospheric analysis. Develop a fast and accurate mechanism to simulate measurements (satellite, airborne, ground-based) of the Earth's atmosphere. This capability will represent the state of the art in our ability to: 1. es"], ["software", "NPO-52354-1", "NPO-52354-1", "ET Toolbox Product Generation Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The ET Toolbox system produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District (MRGCD), produces daily 30 m estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) for the past seven days and future seven days in riparian areas along "], ["software", "NPO-52379-1", "NPO-52379-1", "Spectrometer Masks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The spectrometer mask software identifies instances within remote sensing data of clouds, flares from oil and has manufacturing, and specular reflection, used for bright targets that may indicate false positive gas plume detection. Subsequent imagery is generated and used as a mask for the remote se"], ["software", "NPO-52383-1", "NPO-52383-1", "A Multidecadal Satellite Record of Water Vapor, Temperature, Clouds and Atmospheric Moist Processes", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The MEaSUREs projects are focused on product generation, availability, and utility of Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). An ESDR is defined as a unified and coherent set of observations of a given parameter of the Earth system, which is optimized to meet specific requirements in addressing science q"], ["software", "NPO-52394-1", "NPO-52394-1", "ECCO Interactive Solution Evaluator", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium estimates ocean circulation and its role in climate - combining state-of-the-art ocean circulation models with global ocean data sets. Data visualizations of ECCO help scientists better understand these models and provide comp"], ["software", "NPO-52396-1", "NPO-52396-1", "CMF2PNG_V2", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The CMF2PNG_V2 software generates PNG imagery from 4-band airborne imagery."], ["software", "NPO-52397-1", "NPO-52397-1", "KML_outline and KML_overlay", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The KML_outline and KML_overlay programs generate KML files of airborne 4-band imagery overlays and imagery outlines."], ["software", "NPO-52413-1", "NPO-52413-1", "DDSA - Data Driven Science Architecture", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The DDSA software provides for collaborative data science analysis, management, and capture of complex bio-science data sets."], ["software", "NPO-52420-1", "NPO-52420-1", "Regvue: Modern Hardware/Software Interface (HSI) Documentation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Consolidates multiple Hardware/Software Interface (HSI) documentation sources into a single searchable location with automatic encoding/decoding of HSI values that reduces human errors made during hardware development and debug."], ["software", "NPO-52459-1", "NPO-52459-1", "Javascript implementation of CAHVORE Camera and Image Transformation Utilities", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Series of packages for visualizing and rendering images and frustum shapes based on CAHVORE camera models as well as loading SGI and PGM images in three.js."], ["software", "NPO-52465-1", "NPO-52465-1", "Trace gas profile generation software (GINPUT)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Generates vertical profiles of greenhouse gases and other trace gases. It primarily generates these profiles using only long term trends from NOAA observatories and correlations with meteorological variables. This allows the profiles to be independent of models, which in turn means satellite retriev"], ["software", "NPO-52467-1", "NPO-52467-1", "Embedded power controller with safety e-stop and led indicators", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software runs on an embedded system which is controlling the power to computers and sensors within a robot. The software monitors voltages and currents and enables or disables the voltage regulators and load switches to power the various loads. The software also has control over an e-stop and li"], ["software", "NPO-52468-1", "NPO-52468-1", "Kernel Flows Emulator", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Kernel flows defines and utilizes a statistical model that predicts radiative transfer model output. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a state-of-the-art emulation technology that models relationships between inputs and outputs of a function as realizations of a multivariate Gaussian distribution"], ["software", "NPO-52472-1", "NPO-52472-1", "Open-Sourcing the Odysea Mission Simulator", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software simulates scientific measurements from Odysea, a proposed JPL spaceborne mission that measures ocean winds and currents. These simulated measurements include the errors associated with the instrument, but not specific details of how these errors are produced or any proprietary/controll"], ["software", "NPO-52498-1", "NPO-52498-1", "VIPRE: A TOOL FOR VISUALIZATION OF THE IMPACT OF PROBE ENTRY CONDITIONS", "data and image processing", "JPL", "It builds a trade space of planetary arrival trajectories and provides a user interface to visualize and filter the data. Traditional approaches to planetary arrival trajectory design are typically limited to single design points by a mission designer with initially little input from technologists a"], ["software", "NPO-52508-1", "NPO-52508-1", "SISTER: SBG Space-based Imaging Spectroscopy and Thermal pathfinder", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The SISTER system is composed of an on-demand algorithm development environment and science data processing system. The system includes prototype workflows, algorithms, and datasets that are proxies for NASA's upcoming Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission."], ["software", "NPO-52525-1", "NPO-52525-1", "ProtoSpace Web CAD Renderer", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Demonstration of how to render complex CAD models in a web browser at interactive framerates. Originally designed and implemented for the ProtoSpace project.Small 3d display component that achieves loading and rendering high fidelity 3d CAD models in the web browser at interactive speeds."], ["software", "NPO-52526-1", "NPO-52526-1", "Machine Learning Key Utilities (MLky)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "MLky is a Python configuration software package for data scientists. It is designed to be highly configurable and flexible to be able to adapt to the evolving needs of data scientists. This facilitates research and pipeline development as well as provides a framework for software packages to step up"], ["software", "NPO-52537-1", "NPO-52537-1", "Cloudspotting on Mars Analysis Tools", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Enables reading, processing, and plotting Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) data (available on the Planetary Data System)."], ["software", "NPO-52538-1", "NPO-52538-1", "SIT-FUSE - Segmentation, Instance Tracking, and data Fusion Using multi-SEnsor imagery", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Previously, we developed an unsupervised machine learning method that uses level 1 (L1) radiances from various satellite and airborne imagers, as well as the fusion of datasets, where applicable, as input. This method was tested on data collected during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Envir"], ["software", "NPO-52559-1", "NPO-52559-1", "py-sonde-comparison", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The program is three core elements, described below: 1) read_product: This method reads satellite data products, which will be modified as new groups are included in the analysis. Key elements extracted are lat/lon, ozone profiles and aprioris and averaging kernels. 2) colocate: This methods takes t"], ["software", "NPO-52574-1", "NPO-52574-1", "Sequence JSON - A JSON Schema for specifying spacecraft command sequences", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Provides a JSON Schema (https://json-schema.org/) that specifies the properties and datatypes to specify a spacecraft command sequence in JSON (https://www.json.org/json-en.html)."], ["software", "NPO-52575-1", "NPO-52575-1", "NetCDF to GeoJSON Vectors", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software converts CF-compliant NetCDF files with vector attributes (u, v, magnitude, direction) to GeoJSON."], ["software", "NPO-52576-1", "NPO-52576-1", "SciXR", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Science Collaboration and data Interaction eXtended Reality tool or SciXR is the combination of the SciVR (NTR 50913) virtual reality tool and SciAR (NTR 51857) augmented reality tool for immersive science data exploration and analysis. SciXR provides a rich, real-time science data visualization"], ["software", "NPO-52577-1", "NPO-52577-1", "COVERAGE Visualization Generation Pipeline", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The COVERAGE Visualization Generation Pipeline (coverage-vizgen) is a software package containing a comprehensive set of utility tools for generating tiled map imagery in the Meta Raster Format (MRF) from NetCDF data files. It is packaged as a Docker container that may be configured to automatically"], ["software", "NPO-52578-1", "NPO-52578-1", "AQACF Health Impact Calculator", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Air Quality Analytic Collaborative Framework (AQACF) Health Impact Calculator is a set of Python scripts and Jupyter notebook for calculating air quality health impacts for major cities from GEOS-Chem adjoint sensitivities. It currently supports 14 cities in the US but could be extended."], ["software", "NPO-52587-1", "NPO-52587-1", "Calibration of the High Resolution Volatiles and Minerals Mapper for the Moon (HVM3)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software is used in the analysis of data from the High Resolution Volatiles and Minerals Mapper for the Moon (HVM3). This instrument is an imaging spectrometer measuring from 600-3600 nm, which will be deployed on the Lunar Trailblazer mission to measure lunar volatiles. The software performs s"], ["software", "NPO-52595-1", "NPO-52595-1", "Automated Colorization of M2020 SHERLOC Context Images", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This technology is a script, written in Python, that uses functions from the OpenCV library to automatically detect keypoints within images from two subsystems of SHERLOC, the ACI and WATSON imagers. These keypoints are then matched and used to warp the WATSON image to the ACI, resulting in a \"color"], ["software", "NPO-52599-1", "NPO-52599-1", "MoonDiff: A Web Application Enabling Crowdsourced Comparisons Between Old and New Lunar Imagery", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software harnesses the online community to find changes on the lunar surface, including new impact craters and spacecraft hardware. Citizen scientists are presented with pairs of old and new lunar orbital imagery in the form of web maps. The interface allows them to mark changes they observe an"], ["software", "NPO-52605-1", "NPO-52605-1", "Building Open-Source Hydrodynamic Models Using ANUGA Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software uses an automated approach to build hydrodynamic models of coastal areas. The software is Python based and downloads and incorporates publicly available data to populate model parameters. The software utilizes several common packages as well as an open-source modeling software, ANUGA. "], ["software", "NPO-52608-1", "NPO-52608-1", "POMM Planetary Orbital Mosaicking and Mapping Software Toolset", "data and image processing", "JPL", "POMM is a set of software tools (with User Interface) supporting the automation of Earth and Planetary orbital image mosaicking and mapping, including 1) The ability of co-register (stack) multiple orbital map images over the same location for time series analysis; 2) Mosaic mulitiple adjacent overl"], ["software", "NPO-52612-1", "NPO-52612-1", "Data Analysis using Imagery Layers (DAG)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The DAG software implements a generalized, cloud-enabled web service for the extraction of converted geophysical values from satellite imagery layers being served out via Tiled-WMS imagery servers and the computation of geo spatial analytics on the data returned. Analyses supported at present focus "], ["software", "NPO-52648-1", "NPO-52648-1", "VECTOR, Visual Analytics Application for Bundle Adjustment Error Detection", "data and image processing", "JPL", "VECTOR (Visualization and Editing of Camera Tiepoints, Orientations, and Residuals), introduces a novel approach to visualize camera poses before and after bundle adjustment, as well as the resulting 3D point cloud (map) allowing researchers and operators to visually inspect and interpret the output"], ["software", "NPO-52659-1", "NPO-52659-1", "Multi-sensor Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) with principled ICP covariance modelling.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "To overcome these degeneracy, we developed a SLAM solution called State Estimation through Robust Perception in Extreme and Novel Terrains (SERPENT). SERPENT estimates the robot trajectory and maintains a map database, from which dense global or local maps can be obtained on demand for downstream pl"], ["software", "NPO-52667-1", "NPO-52667-1", "Poke: Integrating Ray and Diffraction Models", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Poke is a package to interface with industry-standard raytracing engines to do physical optics calculations based on ray data. The development was inspired by the need to add more propagation physics modules for Coronagraphs to expand the design space, but Poke has been used to characterize existing"], ["software", "NPO-52671-1", "NPO-52671-1", "Earth System Digital Twin Software Framework", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A software system was developed that enables generalized orchestration and interoperability of scientific models. In combination with continuous onboarding of near real time satellite and insitu observations, this enables forecasting and prediction of scenarios such as flooding."], ["software", "NPO-52696-1", "NPO-52696-1", "The Landform Contextual Mesh: Fusing Surface and Orbital Terrain Data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Landform contextual mesh system combines terrain image and 3D data taken from a surface vehicle with terrain data from orbital observations into a combined 3D scene for visualization. The contextual mesh helps users understand the context (situational awareness) of the surface vehicle in relatio"], ["software", "NPO-52743-1", "NPO-52743-1", "CADRE (Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration), Multi-Agent Autonomy Software Stack", "aeronautics", "JPL", "CADRE (Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration) is a technology demonstration on its way to the moon via the Commercial Lunar Payload Service (CLPS) program in 2024. It will be a first of its kind demonstration of multi-agent autonomous rovers, featuring three fully autonomous, shoebo"], ["software", "NPO-52748-1", "NPO-52748-1", "STARS: Spatial Timeseries for Automated high-Resolution multi-Sensor data fusion", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Implements a novel, statistical data fusion methodology called STARS (Spatial Timeseries for Automated high Resolution multi-Sensor data fusion) to provide daily, high spatial resolution estimates of remotely-sensed imagery by combining data from multiple spectrometers (e.g. Landsat/Sentinel/MODIS/V"], ["software", "NPO-52809-1", "NPO-52809-1", "airPy", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The airPy package was developed to extract high-resolution satellite data from Google Earth Engine (GEE) and calculate Machine Learning-ready features for air pollution studies. This software prepares raw data from GEE into ML-ready NetCDF files. Extra capabilities such as grid-matching is provided."], ["software", "NPO-52833-1", "NPO-52833-1", "ArcGIS toolbox for utility enhancement of OPERA products", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The OPERA ArcGIS toolbox is software that works with the ArcGIS Desktop Pro software package. The toolbox streamlines the user workflow. This toolbox is designed to seamlessly integrate with existing ArcGIS Pro software, allowing users to easily access, process, and visualize the OPERA products. The"], ["software", "NPO-52835-1", "NPO-52835-1", "Thematic Observation Search, Segmentation, Collation and Analysis (TOS2CA)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "TOS2CA is a user-driven, data-centric system that can identify, collate, statistically characterize and serve Earth system data relevant to a given phenomenon. Designed as a multi-discipline analytic collaborative framework (ACF), TOS2CA will not only facilitate the collation and analysis of data fr"], ["software", "NPO-52858-1", "NPO-52858-1", "OCO-3 Snapshot Area Map Global Level 3 Zarr Product Generation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "NASA-JPL's OCO-3 is an instrument onboard the International Space Station that measures carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. OCO-3 is similar in design to its predecessor, OCO-2, with the addition of the Pointing Mirror Assembly (PMA) which essentially allows the instrument to focus its observa"], ["software", "NPO-52864-1", "NPO-52864-1", "Multi-Spacecraft Concept and Autonomy Tool (MuSCAT): A Low-Fidelity Simulator to Develop and Test Spacecraft Autonomy", "data and image processing", "JPL", "MuSCAT easily simulate a single-spacecraft or multi-spacecraft mission (to Small Body). It provides a modeling framework bridge between the Foundry and Project implementation. MuSCAT can prove the mission needs Autonomous functions, or can be carried out from the ground. It facilitates autonomy infu"], ["software", "NPO-52867-1", "NPO-52867-1", "INGOT: INtegrated GPU ODE Toolbox", "data and image processing", "JPL", "INGOT uses the GPU to solve Ordinary Differential Equations using the RKF family of algorithms."], ["software", "NPO-52886-1", "NPO-52886-1", "pyDownLinkParser: multi-mission CCSDS packet parser", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This library parses binary files containing CCSDS packets of various structures (APID) and distribute them in pandas dataframes. It is modular and configurable for multiple missions."], ["software", "NPO-52896-1", "NPO-52896-1", "Retrospective Analysis Toolbox for Ionospheric Total Electron Content Maps", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This is a retroptrospective analysis toolbox for ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps. The toolbox consists of two parts, a feature extraction program and a transfer entropy calculator. The feature extraction program is capable of extracting characteristics of local TEC intensifications fro"], ["software", "NPO-52911-1", "NPO-52911-1", "Graphical Utility for Icy moon Surface Simulations (GUISS)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software is a simulation framework that generates photo-realistic imagery of terrain from icy moons such as Enceladus and Europa. The simulation is versatile and can provide imagery over a wide range of visual hypotheses of the terrains of these moons with respect to terrain roughness, texture v"], ["software", "NPO-52921-1", "NPO-52921-1", "PlanetMag GitHub Repository Software for Planetary Magnetic Field Modeling", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Firstly, planetary magnetic field simulation software is not publicly available for all the planets, and neither are all the various models. This unified software package includes all the giant planets in widely used languages, making it accessible by anyone in the community. To our knowledge, no ot"], ["software", "NPO-52932-1", "NPO-52932-1", "Roman Coronagraph EXCAM image processing software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software cleans and calibrates images produced by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument's Exoplanetary Systems Camera (EXCAM). Roman is an upcoming NASA astrophysics observatory, and EXCAM is the \"science\" camera for the Coronagraph Instrument onboard Roman. EXCAM uses a "], ["software", "NPO-52944-1", "NPO-52944-1", "DataDrive Command-Line Interface", "data and image processing", "JPL", "DataDrive provides data access and distribution for a mission's data products in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud utilizing the Operational Cloud Store (OCS). The CS3 Single Sign On (CSSO) or MGSS CAM provides authentication and authorization to DataDrive."], ["software", "NPO-52954-1", "NPO-52954-1", "Rock Shadow Counter (ROSCO)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Rock Shadow Counter (ROSCO) is a suite of software tools developed at JPL for the purpose of characterizing the rockiness of the planetary surfaces in high resolution aerial/orbital images such as HiRISE images from MRO. The software has tools and workflow for sharpening input images, detecting rock"], ["software", "NPO-52974-1", "NPO-52974-1", "EcoPro", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The overall goal of the project is to build an analytic collaborative framework to support multidisciplinary teams to conduct ecological projection studies, collaborations, applications, and new observation strategy developments. The proposed framework will contain (1) an analytic toolkit to perform"], ["software", "NPO-52987-1", "NPO-52987-1", "CORTEX: Continuous Optimization in Robotics via Test and Exploration", "data and image processing", "JPL", "CORTEX is a sophisticated framework developed to revolutionize robotics engineering. It accelerates the development cycle by enabling quick prototyping in simulated environments and efficient deployment on real robots. CORTEX offers an extensive suite of tools for conducting experiments with precise"], ["software", "NPO-52991-1", "NPO-52991-1", "Monitoring and ANalysis for Gravity Operations (MANGO) Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "MANGO is intended to make it easier to monitor and analyze data collected from GRACE-FO/GRACE-C and produced by science data system."], ["software", "NPO-53015-1", "NPO-53015-1", "Segmented Aperture Wavefront Sensing and Control Software for Space-Based Coronagraphs", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package performs Electric Field Conjugation (EFC) and Wavefront Control (WFC) for space-based, large aperture segmented internal coronagraph observatories. Then computes contrast ratios for detecting exoplanets and other phenomenon orbiting distant stars. It was developed primarily for"], ["software", "NPO-53016-1", "NPO-53016-1", "rasters", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This Python software package provides a comprehensive solution for handling gridded and swath raster data. It offers an object-oriented interface for ease of use, treating rasters, raster geometries, and vector geometries as objects. This allows for seamless map visualization in Jupyter notebooks an"], ["software", "NPO-53026-1", "NPO-53026-1", "AutoNav Monte Carlo Visualizer", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Mars Rover Planners are studying the potential for AutoNav Monte Carlo simulations to help them assess the risks of extended automatic navigation over challenging topography. GRIT summarizes thousands of simulated AutoNav runs for Rover Planners to investigate and understand potential failure cases"], ["software", "NPO-53031-1", "NPO-53031-1", "Use Cases for Flight Mechanics Analysis Tools Interoperability and Component Sharing", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Several NASA centers have developed independent flight mechanics tools to meet the science needs of missions. A NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) assessment was performed to increase the interoperability of three specific tools: Copernicus from Johnson Space Center (JSC), the General Mission"], ["software", "NPO-53032-1", "NPO-53032-1", "TetherCAD: a Python library to aid in systems engineering for tether designs.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "TetherCAD is a set of analysis tools to aid in the design of electromechanical tethers. These tethers can be used for robotics, space systems and more! The tool set is presented as a python library to promote ease-of-use and allow compatibility with a number of different systems. This library aims t"], ["software", "NPO-53036-1", "NPO-53036-1", "ExoTR - A fully Bayesian inverse retrieval algorithm to interpret exoplanetary transmission spectra.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A fully Bayesian inverse retrieval algorithm to interpret exoplanetary transmission spectra.Includes: A generation of transmission spectra routine; and A retrieval routine based on nested sampling (i.e. MultiNest)."], ["software", "NPO-53040-1", "NPO-53040-1", "Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Evapotranspiration Model Python Package", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package is a Python implementation of the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) model of evapotranspiration. The PT-JPL model was designed for processing remote sensing data. It has the ability to partition latent heat flux into canopy transpiration, interception, and soi"], ["software", "NPO-53070-1", "NPO-53070-1", "Student Wildfire Classification Jupyter Notebooks", "data and image processing", "JPL", "These are 4 Jupyter notebooks that prepare airborne radar data for wildfire classification products. The notebooks use a super pixel segmentation method to generate fire perimeters and a simple k-means clustering method to classify burn severity for SAR data. These notebooks automate the data pre-pr"], ["software", "NPO-53072-1", "NPO-53072-1", "Probabilistic emulation for land surface model ensembles", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software provides tools for statistical emulation of spatial fields from land surface models (LSMs). The tools include pre-processing datasets output from LSM ensemble simulations to facilitate integration with a package for fitting the emulator and simulating new realizations of spatial fields"], ["software", "NPO-53075-1", "NPO-53075-1", "Dispatcher - A tool for launching and monitoring health status of ROS2 nodes", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software provides a simple graphical user interface to launch and monitor the health status of multiple ROS2 nodes running locally or on a network. A typical autonomous Robotic Software system consists of many independent applications that communicate with each other via Interprocess Communicat"], ["software", "NPO-53079-1", "NPO-53079-1", "Software for monitoring the phenology, distribution, and mortality of selected tropical trees from space", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software comprises a set of tools to fetch imagery from commercial satellite imaging company Planet, perform labeling of the imagery using the Labelbox platform, and train, evaluate, and deploy a machine learning model for detecting flowering tree species within the images."], ["software", "NPO-53083-1", "NPO-53083-1", "Thermal correction of HVM3 imaging spectrometer data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We apply a Bayesian model inversion approach to disentangle the temperature-dependent thermal emission signal and the solar-reflected portion, enabling thermally-corrected surface reflectance maps for instruments like JPL's High Resolution Volatiles and Minerals Mapper for the Moon (HVM3). The Bayes"], ["software", "NPO-53092-1", "NPO-53092-1", "Calculation of the Ocean Contrast from Synthetic Aperture Radar Images", "data and image processing", "JPL", "In remote sensing of the ocean, contrast in the measured intensity between clean water and other features is used to identify different objects on the ocean surface either directly or indirectly via alteration of the ocean wave spectrum. The damping ratio, a measure of contrast, is increasingly used"], ["software", "NPO-53097-1", "NPO-53097-1", "Machine learning approach to derive diurnal cycles of XCO2", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Train a machine learning model to predict a full diurnal cycle of XCO2 and daily drawdown from measurements at 2 to 3 times of day"], ["software", "NPO-53101-1", "NPO-53101-1", "UnitcellHub", "data and image processing", "JPL", "UnitcellHub provides the user tools to design application-specific lattice structures. These tools span the whole design life cycle, including preliminary design space exploration, CAD geometry creation, and prediction of mechanical and thermal characterization for point designs."], ["software", "NPO-53108-1", "NPO-53108-1", "Information System for Agricultural Yield Modeling", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software developing is designed to estimate crop yields in agricultural regions using Ukraine as a high-impact test case. It is meant to generate yield estimates in a more efficient, accurate, and scalable operation. It aims to streamline an existing data processing pipeline called VERCYE in pa"], ["software", "NPO-53113-1", "NPO-53113-1", "Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Soil Mositure (PT-JPL-SM) Evapotranspiration Model Python Implementation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package is a Python implementation of the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Soil Moisture (PT-JP-SM) model of evapotranspiration. The PT-JPL model was designed for processing remote sensing data. It has the ability to partition latent heat flux into canopy transpiration, inter"], ["software", "NPO-53120-1", "NPO-53120-1", "ROSA: Robot Operating System Agent", "data and image processing", "JPL", "ROSA, the Robot Operating System Agent, is designed to address key challenges in modern robotics by simplifying interactions and improving communication across multidisciplinary teams. It achieves this through its innovative use of large language models (LLMs) which enable it to understand and proce"], ["software", "NPO-53121-1", "NPO-53121-1", "Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) Model Python Implementation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package is the python implementation of the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) model of gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). This software makes the BESS model accessible for remote sensing researchers as part of the evapotranspiration modeling capabilities "], ["software", "NPO-53145-1", "NPO-53145-1", "SUDS Air Quality", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Science Understanding Data Science: Air Quality is a research project from the Machine Learning and Instrument Autonomy group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This project investigates driving features of pollution on scales finer than physical models operate on. By discovering and understanding th"], ["software", "NPO-53147-1", "NPO-53147-1", "Sorting and PDS4 Labeling of DSN TRK-2-34 Data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "All deep space missions performing radio science must archive raw data within the Planetary Data System (PDS). The Tracking and Navigation File (TRK-2-34) is the current standard format for radiometric data acquired at the Deep Space Network (DSN). This software allows users to quickly create the ne"], ["software", "NPO-53156-1", "NPO-53156-1", "Surface Temperature Initiated Closure Model (STIC)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package is a Python implementation of the Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC) version 1.3 model designed to implement LST to solve the aerodynamic temperature, which is critical for ET modeling. The original STIC model produced by Kaniska Mallick (Mallick et al. 2015; 2018; 20"], ["software", "NPO-53157-1", "NPO-53157-1", "Thermally Sensitive ECOSTRESS Evapotranspiration Model Ensemble Evaluation and Development", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software is able to measure the error propagation of remotely sensed input variables to all major variables estimated in evapotranspiration modeling, including net radiation and soil heat flux. The software aims to address the critical need for evapotranspiration models that can accurately resp"], ["software", "NPO-53158-1", "NPO-53158-1", "VNP43 BRDF Julia Implementation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The VNP43 BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) algorithm is a part of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard on the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite. This algorithm is used to continue the long-term remote sensing environmental data r"], ["software", "NPO-53190-1", "NPO-53190-1", "MLUQ", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software provides a systematic machine learning Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) approach based on decision theory. Decision Theoretic Bootstrapping provides a rigorous UQ in a cross-validation setting and produces Machine Learning algorithms that are more stable with respect to the differences b"], ["software", "NPO-53192-1", "NPO-53192-1", "Tools for Map Validation and Verification from DEMs without use of ground tie points", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software allows for the validation of two digital elevation maps (DEMs) without the use of ground tie points or ground-based surveys. It quantifies the agreement between the two maps. Maps created with different methods which show high agreement are likely to reflect the true elevation at that "], ["software", "NPO-53213-1", "NPO-53213-1", "Roman Coronagraph image simulator wrapper", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package includes routines and example scripts for simulating observations with the Roman Coronagraph using two open-source packages. The goal of this software package is to provide a more user-friendly, modular, accessible way of using these open-source tools."], ["software", "NPO-53216-1", "NPO-53216-1", "Plant Trait Estimation from Radiance for Fire Risk Estimation", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Existing plant traits estimation techniques rely on empirical models so they are sensitive to the training data. Here we use a physical model that estimate reflectance, and we use that reflectance within a radiance model to invert radiance measurements directly to plant traits."], ["software", "NPO-53225-1", "NPO-53225-1", "NISAR Quality Assurance", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The NISAR Quality Assurance (QA) software provides detailed validation and verification of the science data products for the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission. It is designed for use by scientists, the NISAR algorithm development team, the NISAR mission Science Data System, and othe"], ["software", "NPO-53240-1", "NPO-53240-1", "ECOSTRESS Collection 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Evapotranspiration (JET) ensemble", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software package incldues the glue code and algorithms used for producing the gridded and tiled ECOSTRESS collection 2 data products. This software package produces gridded (HDF5) and tiled (GeoTIFF) outputs for the following data products:- L2 LSTE: Land Surface Temperature & Emissivity (LSTE)"], ["software", "NPO-53244-1", "NPO-53244-1", "MODIS Global Evapotranspiration Project (MOD16) Algorithm", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software was designed to produce instantaneous eveapotranspiration with the MOD16 model and partition latent heat flux into canopy transpiration, interception, and soil evaporation. The MOD16 algorithm has been re-implemented to run on instantaneous high spatial resolution remote sensing imager"], ["software", "NPO-53246-1", "NPO-53246-1", "Carbon-I radiometric model", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This python notebook calculates instrument radiometric performance for the Carbon-I mission. It is adapted from code developed for similar calculations for the EMIT and SBG-VSWIR instruments. The Carbon-I instrument is a Dyson-layout imaging spectrometer that measures spectra in the 2-2.4 micron ran"], ["software", "NPO-53268-1", "NPO-53268-1", "Code for comparing top-down and bottom-up carbon budgets", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This repository contains python codes used to calculate the regional carbon budget within CONUS using both top-down and bottom-up methods. Routines exist to synthesize existing bottom-up and top-down inventories into regional budgets, and create plots of the resulting dataset."], ["software", "NPO-53269-1", "NPO-53269-1", "TROPOMI carbon monoxide data preprocessing", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software download TROPOMI carbon monoxide retrievals, aggregated individual retrievals to 2x2.5 \"super-obs\", then writes these data so that they can be assimilated by the CMS-Flux inversion system."], ["software", "NPO-53275-1", "NPO-53275-1", "Lunasynth Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software creates and renders synthetic terrains of the moon. It enhances a given Digital Elevation Map (DEM) with a statistical distribution model of rocks and craters. It can render the terrain using physics-based lighting."], ["software", "NPO-53278-1", "NPO-53278-1", "Retrieval and Validation of Total Seasonal Liquid Water Amounts in the Percolation Zone of Greenland Ice Sheet Using L-band Radiometry", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Estimate and validate the total seasonal liquid water amounts in the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet using SMAP L-band radiometry."], ["software", "NPO-53283-1", "NPO-53283-1", "Space Balls simulation environment: Python code to run MONTE and generate accelerations observed by a spacecraft along orbit based on user-defined inputs and force models (aka MONTE Spacecraft Tool - MST)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "- Python code to run MONTE based on User Input. This code simulates the orbital dynamics in real time given a desired set of force models, and spacecraft specifications, such as size, mass, and surface properties. Forces can be toggled on and off to examine individual effects on the acceleration and"], ["software", "NPO-53286-1", "NPO-53286-1", "mrcam - a toolkit for camera preview, logging and replay using aravis", "data and image processing", "JPL", "mrcam allows users to read images from genicam cameras, to control the various camera parameters, to log the data produced by the camera and to replay those logs. mrcam provides both prebuilt tools AND libraries that could be utilized to build new applications. The prebuilt tools shipped in th edist"], ["software", "NPO-53316-1", "NPO-53316-1", "DARTS Trade Study Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Multiple and simultaneous synthetic aperture radar observations taken from different look angles (i.e., operating in multi-baseline interferometric or tomographic mode) have the potential to provide high-resolution, gap-free maps of vegetation structure and underlying topography with characteristics"], ["software", "NPO-53317-1", "NPO-53317-1", "PlanetProfile, Software framework for constructing interior structure models based on planetary properties.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Software framework for constructing 1D interior structure models based on planetary properties. Self-consistent thermodynamics are used for fluid, rock, and mineral phases. Sound speeds, attenuation, and electrical conductivities are computed as outputs. The main code is called from an input file co"], ["software", "NPO-53324-1", "NPO-53324-1", "ROSA Extension for Nvidia IsaacSim", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The ROSA Extension for Nvidia IsaacSim integrates the ROSA framework into the IsaacSim simulation environment, providing users with a more intuitive way to control robotic simulations. By enabling natural language interaction directly within IsaacSim, this extension simplifies robot control and simu"], ["software", "NPO-53328-1", "NPO-53328-1", "PlanetThrak, software for modeling thermal fracturing in ocean worlds", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Computing the depths of potential thermal fracturing in different planetary bodies based on simple two layer models of their interiors. This information is important for understanding the depths of possible water rock interactions that might provide energy for life, and also for understanding the ph"], ["software", "NPO-53333-1", "NPO-53333-1", "fortformat.rs - Fortran format parsing in Rust", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This package can parse Fortran fixed-width and list-directed format strings and then serialize data into that text format or deserialize data from that text format into memory."], ["software", "NPO-53338-1", "NPO-53338-1", "SWOT River Spatial Scale Analysis Software", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software will be used by the SWOT project, the SWOT Algorithm Development Team, the SWOT Calibration and Vaidation Team, The SWOT Science Team and the Hydrology Community in general to analyze, interpret and filter the SWOT river data to study both the limits of the SWOT measurement, and the ri"], ["software", "NPO-53344-1", "NPO-53344-1", "Weak Lensing Cosmological Inference Software Pipeline for Roman Space Telescope's High Latitude Imaging Survey", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This cosmology pipeline is specifically tailored to extract cosmological information (in the form of estimates of cosmological parameters) from the Roman Space Telescope High Latitude Imaging Survey data. This software pipeline will enable the Roman high-latitude imaging survey to achieve its extrao"], ["software", "NPO-53347-1", "NPO-53347-1", "CRYOLAVASAURUS", "data and image processing", "JPL", "CRYOLAVASAURUS is a scientific modeling toolkit designed to simulate cryovolcanic activity at Europa and its observable signatures, with potential applications to other Ocean Worlds. The project includes a series of MATLAB scripts that model different physical, geological, thermal, and compositional"], ["software", "NPO-53348-1", "NPO-53348-1", "Vision-based Geo-Localization of Future Mars Rotocraft in Challenging Illumination Conditions using Deep Learning", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This work investigates deep learning-based methods to perform robust Map-based Localization (MbL) in challenging lighting. We proposed a novel multi-modal deep-learning framework that utilizes cross-attention mechanisms to fuse visual and depth data from ortho-projected maps and Digital Terrain Mode"], ["software", "NPO-53369-1", "NPO-53369-1", "Veloserver", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Veloserver is a geospatial data visualization server designed to dynamically return velocity data such as winds and ocean currents from weather models and other datasets. It returns the data in formats optimized for visualizing in a web client including animated vector streamlines via gribjson. It i"], ["software", "NPO-53372-1", "NPO-53372-1", "Parallel Observing System Simulation Experiment (ParOSSE) Framework", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The Parallel Observing System Simulation Experiment (ParOSSE) code serves as a flexible and extensible framework for the evaluation of science benefit for current and new observing systems. It is designed to rapidly explore the information content in diverse measurement concepts using simulated refe"], ["software", "NPO-53374-1", "NPO-53374-1", "vic2png: A Python utility for converting PDS images to web-compatible formats", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software allows for the conversion of PDS3 IMG and Vicar format images to web-compatible formats such as PNG, JPEG, and TIFF. PDS3 IMGs and Vicar images are raw raster formats commonly used on Mars missions (e.g., M2020 and MSL) and are the primary file format for archiving supported by the PDS"], ["software", "NPO-53376-1", "NPO-53376-1", "Software for High Order Wavefront Sensing and Control (HOWFSC) with Coronagraphs", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) Facility has been a leader in high contrast imaging research for the past two decades. The pairwise probing method for focal plane wavefront estimation and the Electric Field Conjugation (EFC) method for focal plane wavefront control developed and proven in t"], ["software", "NPO-53377-1", "NPO-53377-1", "Software for an Engineering Exposure Time Calculator for Coronagraphs", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software determines the required detector settings for engineering images with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument's Exoplanetary Systems Camera (EXCAM), an EMCCD, for a given astronomical target. The example configuration files for Roman CGI do not contain any export c"], ["software", "NPO-53382-1", "NPO-53382-1", "Radiative Transfer Emulator", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "This software will allow for the emulation of radiative transfer, specifically within exoplanet atmospheres. It will calculate the heating and cooling of atmospheric layers from incident stellar radiation and thermal flux. Broadly, this will involve a module to solve radiative transfer the tradition"], ["software", "NPO-53391-1", "NPO-53391-1", "Planetary Data System Radio Science Data Viewer", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Planetary Data System (PDS) Radio Science Data Viewer (PRSDV) is an interactive application developed using MATLAB App Designer to provide quick-look functions to browse PDS4 TRK-2-34 formatted data. TRK-2-34 data, also known as Tracking and Navigation Files (TNFs), are the primary radiometric d"], ["software", "NPO-53411-1", "NPO-53411-1", "ECOSTRESS Collection 2 Level 2 Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LSTE) Product Generating Code", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "This software package includes the code for the ECOSTRESS Collection 2 Level 2 Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LSTE) Product Generating Software (PGE). It was designed for use by the ECOSTRESS mission as a precursor for the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission. This software provides e"], ["software", "NPO-53421-1", "NPO-53421-1", "BioSTAR - NASA's Bioburden and Sampling Tool for Assessing Risk", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "BioSTAR is an interactive, web-based tool that streamlines bioburden estimation and Planetary Protection Equipment List (PPEL) creation for spacecraft hardware. It converts sampling results into rigorous statistical estimates of microbial contamination with quantified uncertainty, integrating valida"], ["software", "NPO-53433-1", "NPO-53433-1", "Time-series Forecasting Evaluation and Deployment (Time-FED)", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "The Time-FED system is a machine learning system designed for preparing time-series for a variety of ML models. At its core, it is a sophisticated software framework for data scientists to transform time-series datasets into ML-ready datasets and trained models. The produced models are then ready fo"], ["software", "NPO-53445-1", "NPO-53445-1", "CLC - a joint extrinsics-only LIDAR-camera calibration tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "CLC establishes a procedure for gathering data to compute the relative transformations between each sensor's coordinates. CLC processes this data to report the sensor geometry and some uncertainty metrics to let the user know how trustworthy the results are, and how this confidence could be improved"], ["software", "NPO-53446-1", "NPO-53446-1", "DEWPython", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "DEWPython is a Python implementation of the Deep Earth Water (DEW) model for calculating thermodynamic properties of aqueous species at high temperatures (100-1200 degrees C) and pressures (1-60 kbar). The package streamlines the input process for the DEW model and integrates SUPCRT96/SUPCRTBL funct"], ["software", "NPO-53447-1", "NPO-53447-1", "ECCO Modeling Utilities (EMU)", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "ECCO Modeling Utilities (EMU) a set of computational tools for analyzing the ECCO ocean state estimate. EMU is geared toward analyzing the model underlying the ECCO estimate, as opposed to exploring its discrete stateoutput in itself . In doing so, EMU helps investigate physical relationships govern"], ["software", "NPO-53450-1", "NPO-53450-1", "Visual Perception Engine: Modular, GPU-Accelerated Framework for Real-Time Visual Inference in Robotics", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Visual Perception Engine is a modular, GPU-accelerated framework designed for real-time visual inference tasks in robotic applications. It integrates a vision foundation model (DINOv2) with multiple model heads to perform monocular depth estimation, semantic segmentation, and object detection at"], ["software", "NPO-53458-1", "NPO-53458-1", "Constraint Based Fuzz Testing", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "This repository contains a library fuzz for fuzz testing flight software. The main function, generate_tests, provided by the library, generates a test suite, which is a list of tests. Each test is a list of commands (a named data record), which can be sent to the flight software, referred to as the "], ["software", "NPO-53462-1", "NPO-53462-1", "Mountain Wave Soaring with Sailplanes on Mars and other planetary bodies with atmospheres and weather", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A new concept to fly sailplanes on Mars that exploit atmospheric gravity waves generated by the southern polar vortex interacting with terrain. The idea is to go wave hopping to stay in the air from fall to spring and cover many kms to conduct cross-seasonal, large-scale atmospheric studies. We are "], ["software", "NPO-53467-1", "NPO-53467-1", "Python suite for International Radio Regulations allocation tables parsing and diagnosis.", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The software ingests radio frequency allocation tables from the ITU-R Radio Regulations and (previous versions of) the FCC frequency allocations tables. This information is stored in an internal database (using the python intervaltree pacakge), and can be queried (e.g., find all the allocations to t"], ["software", "NPO-53468-1", "NPO-53468-1", "ECOSTRESS Collection 2 Level 1 Radiance, Attitude, & Geolocation Product Generating Code", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "This software package includes the code for the ECOSTRESS Collection 2 Level 1 Product Generating Software (PGE). It was designed for use by the ECOSTRESS mission as a precursor for the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission. This software provides corrected spacecraft altitude, calibrated at-sen"], ["software", "NPO-53469-1", "NPO-53469-1", "Python Tools for Machine Learning Bias Correction, Data Quality Filtering, and Uncertainty Analysis of OCO-2 XCO2 Retrievals", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The package ingests v11 OCO-2 Level 2 Lite files, derives >40 M training examples (2015-2022) matched to TCCON or 100km \"small-areas,\" and trains four Quantile-Regression-Forest models. Inference produces bias-corrected and filtered XCO2 and prediction intervals for every sounding, reducing land's b"], ["software", "NPO-53472-1", "NPO-53472-1", "CROW Timeline chart view", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Provides highly responsive and scalable visualization of mission activity and staffing timelines. Native solution that runs on iPhone, iPad, Mac and Apple Vision Pro. Reusable framework available to include in numerous apps for Apple platforms."], ["software", "NPO-53483-1", "NPO-53483-1", "Python suite for retrievals and analysis of microwave limb sounding data.", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "A modular suite of python software that supports research on future instrument capabilities and retrieval and analysis from airborne microwave limb sounding instruments."], ["software", "NPO-53486-1", "NPO-53486-1", "Nancy Grace Roman Coronagraph Instrument sensitivity calculator", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software provides intermediate calculations necessary to compute the integration time needed for a coronagraphic imaging observation conducted by the Nancy Grace Roman Telescope Coronagraph Instrument (Roman Coronagraph)."], ["software", "NPO-53490-1", "NPO-53490-1", "ExoReL : A Bayesian inverse retrieval algorithm to interpret exoplanetary reflected light spectra.", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The high-contrast imaging technique is meant to provide insight into those planets orbiting several astronomical units from their host star. Space missions such as Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the Habitable World Observatory will measure reflected light spectra of cold gaseous and rocky pla"], ["software", "NPO-53494-1", "NPO-53494-1", "HyperSTARS", "aeronautics", "JPL", "HyperSTARS is a multi-sensor, high-dimensional data fusion technology combining methods from functional data analysis and spatiotemporal statistics to produce high-frequency hyperspectral visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR) reflectance data. Current orbital hyperspectral VSWIR imaging missions (En"], ["software", "NPO-53508-1", "NPO-53508-1", "EOS MLS Level 2 Data Processing Software, version 6", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software accomplishes the following: The software reads MLS Level 1 products -- the EOS Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) calibrated measurements of microwave radiances products -- and operational meteorological data to produce a set of estimates of atmospheric temperature and composition"], ["software", "NPO-53509-1", "NPO-53509-1", "GDAL Plugin for NISAR HDF5 data products with Cloud-Optimized Access", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The NISAR GDAL driver solves the critical problem of making complex, multi-layered NISAR HDF5 product data easily accessible and usable within the broad ecosystem of GDAL-supported geospatial software. It bridges the gap between the specialized HDF5 file structure and the standardized raster data mo"], ["software", "NPO-53512-1", "NPO-53512-1", "EOS MLS Level 1 Data Processing Software, version 6", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software accepts the EOS MLS Level 0 science/engineering data and the EOS Aura spacecraft ephemeris/attitude data and produces calibrated instrument radiance and associated engineering and diagnostic data. The unique features of this software lie with the instrument and its unique capabilities "], ["software", "NPO-53517-1", "NPO-53517-1", "INvestigation of Convective UpdraftS (INCUS), Dynamic Microwave Radiometer (DMR) Level 1B Algorithm", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The algorithm processes the spacecraft telemetry to provide an estimate of geolocation and other relevant observing geometry needed for understanding of the data. The main purpose of the algorithm is to transform the radiometric counts to the antenna temperature and brightness temperature. The algor"], ["software", "NPO-53525-1", "NPO-53525-1", "Testbed Asset Configuration for Operations (TACO)", "aeronautics", "JPL", "TACO is a full stack web application that provides an interface and life-of-mission database to specify and track the configuration of hardware and software spacecraft components in validation and verification (V&V) and operational venues. It provides current status, snapshots, histories, and admini"], ["software", "NPO-53526-1", "NPO-53526-1", "Europa Clipper Flight System Performance Analysis (FSPA) Downlink Software Development", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The software described (both new tools and upgrades to existing tools) facilitates rapid and robust analysis of the spacecraft via downlinked telemetry of various sorts. General capabilities include:- Management and visualization of data used in analysis, including standard channel and EVR data type"], ["software", "NPO-53534-1", "NPO-53534-1", "MATLAB codes: Evaluation of Wet Snow Dielectric Mixing Models for LWA estimation in Greenland Percolation Zone", "design and integration tools", "JPL", "Determining the effective permittivity of snow and firn is essential for the accurate estimation of liquid water amount (LWA). Here, we compare ten commonly used microwave dielectric mixing models for estimating LWA in snow and firn using L-band radiometry. We specifically focus on the percolation z"], ["software", "NPO-53544-1", "NPO-53544-1", "image-data", "data and image processing", "JPL", "image-data is a lightweight and efficient C++17 library for parsing and writing VICAR image files, a format widely used by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on missions such as Mars 2020 and the Mars Science Laboratory. It is designed to address the challenge of decoding the VICAR format, which"], ["software", "NPO-53549-1", "NPO-53549-1", "Derived meteorological products for stratospheric observations", "data and image processing", "JPL", "This software interpolate meteorological fields (such as, temperature, wind speed, and ozone) to match the times and locations of atmospheric measurements. These routines also derive additional variables, including but not limited to static stability, potential temperature, equivalent latitude, and "], ["software", "NPO-53558-1", "NPO-53558-1", "Global Sea Surface Height Anomaly Level 2 and Level 3 NetCDF Product Generation", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The software produces homogenized high quality NASA sea surface height datasets. It applies multiple rounds of quality control and validation algorithms to generate a unique quality flag for the data. It is designed to do so efficiently via highly parallelized serverless cloud computing using AWS La"], ["software", "NPO-53559-1", "NPO-53559-1", "SIF-ARSET: Introduction to Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) Data", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This code contains Jupyter notebooks and associated code for a NASA ARSET training course on the use of Solar Induced Fluorescence data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory missions."], ["software", "NPO-53560-1", "NPO-53560-1", "Cloud Tomography Visualization", "data and image processing", "JPL", "The software illustrates the mission concept for a proposed constellation of cubesats intended to observe the 3-D structure of clouds. Additionally, the software converts scientific tomography data into a web-compatible format suitable for real-time visualization."], ["software", "NPO-53569-1", "NPO-53569-1", "Co-SWOT (Coastal Surface Water and Ocean Topography)", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Surface Water and Ocean Topography missions surveys global water bodies including oceans, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and wetlands. Coastal areas, such as estuaries and deltas, present a specific challenge due to the interaction of marine and terrestrial forces and the complex geomorphology. Both"], ["software", "NPO-53570-1", "NPO-53570-1", "Ocean Spatiotemporal Clustering System (OSTCS)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A modular geospatial remote sensing pipeline that integrates NASA satellite data for oceanographic analysis using location blind time series clustering techniques. Features automated data downloading from NASA EarthData and implementation of functional data clustering via hypothesis testing k-means "], ["software", "NPO-53571-1", "NPO-53571-1", "Disentangling Jupiter's Complex Atmospheric Processes Through the Application of Machine Learning Methods to JunoCam Data - v0.1", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The software has the following functions: 1) Create training data from JunoCam and Hubble Space Telescope in the form of segments from flattened maps2) Train a deep learning model for photometric calibration of JunoCam3) Provide a set of metrics to evaluate the calibration4) Post process the data by"], ["software", "NPO-53577-1", "NPO-53577-1", "Astria: Image Browsing and Analysis Tool", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Astria is the primary image browsing and analysis tool for the Mars Perseverance mission. An public adaptation of this tool has also been created for the PDS imaging node for specialized surface mission imagery access. Astria intends to make it easier for scientists and engineers to access and share"], ["software", "NPO-53581-1", "NPO-53581-1", "F Prime platform support package and standard components for Vorago VA416x0 microcontrollers", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Provide a high-quality foundation for Flight Software that is more reliable and thoughtfully integrated than the off-the shelf HAL and toolchains available from Vorago Technologies and Arm Software. Allow F Prime based Flight Software to run on the VA416x0 microcontrollers without an RTOS layer."], ["software", "NPO-53582-1", "NPO-53582-1", "Spectral Information Distillation for Lightweight Exploration", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The software addresses two critical problems for planetary science missions. The first is data bandwidth. Modern imaging spectrometers produce huge datasets, roughly 100 times larger than standard images, which may not fit into the communication bandwidth available for transmitting data from deep sp"], ["software", "NPO-53592-1", "NPO-53592-1", "OptoMMP Driver for LabVIEW", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The OptoMMP Driver for LabVIEW enables LabVIEW programs to communicate with Opto22 devices, such as SNAP-PAC industrial monitoring and control systems, using the Opto22 Memory Mapped Protocol (OptoMMP). The software is a native LabVIEW driver, with no external dependencies other than LabVIEW itself,"], ["software", "NPO-53596-1", "NPO-53596-1", "HWO strong lensing sensitivity pipeline", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This software determines the Point Spread Function (PSF) quality and stability requirements for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) to detect dark matter subhalos through strong gravitational lensing observations."], ["software", "NPO-53597-1", "NPO-53597-1", "MERCAP - Mars Examination For Climate Patterns", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Martian dust storms are important phenomena to study from both science and mission concept perspectives. Scientifically, Mars possesses a dynamic atmosphere, and during exploration, dust affects ground operations and solar power production. Dust storms can range from local, to regional, to global sc"], ["software", "NPO-53599-1", "NPO-53599-1", "VERSA: Vortex Event Reactive Sensor Algorithm", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This software is designed to develop and test ML algorithm prototypes for detecting events in time series data onboard small planetary spacecraft. Specifically, our package aims to autonomously detect previously recorded Martian dust vortices using time-series data from pressure sensors. This is mea"], ["software", "NPO-53610-1", "NPO-53610-1", "RAG for Requirements: Teaching LLMs to Trace and Reason", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Requirement traceability, validation, and verification can become difficult within engineering projects, notably as they scale. Technical specification documents detailing these structured processes are primarily expressed using natural language. With the adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and"], ["software", "NPO-53613-1", "NPO-53613-1", "drive-primer: A high-fidelity simulation suite for mobility planning", "vehicle management space air ground", "JPL", "Current mobility planning for downlink operations of the Mars 2020 rover depends on low fidelity slip tables parameterized by discrete terrain classes. Extrapolation of rover performance on these broad terrain classes is difficult and oftentimes inaccurate. This is especially crucial during mobility"], ["software", "NPO-53614-1", "NPO-53614-1", "Orbiting Climate Observatory (OCO) Publication Tool", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) is an exploratory science mission designed to collect space-based global measurements of atmospheric CO2 with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize sources and sinks (fluxes) on regional scales. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3) "], ["software", "NPO-53625-1", "NPO-53625-1", "Orbiting Climate Observatory 2 (OCO-2) Command Access Request (CAR) System", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "OCO-2 collects a great number of high-resolution measurements, which provides a greater spatial distribution of CO2 over the entire globe; in short, a bigger, clearer, more complete picture of global CO2. These measurements are combined with data from the ground-based network to provide scientists w"], ["software", "NPO-53627-1", "NPO-53627-1", "Orbiting Climate Observatory 3 (OCO-3) Command Access Request (CAR) System", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3) is a space instrument that will investigate important questions about the distribution of carbon dioxide on Earth as it relates to growing urban populations and changing patterns of fossil fuel combustion. OCO-3 explores, for the first time, daily variations"], ["software", "NPO-53628-1", "NPO-53628-1", "Honeycomb Grafana", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Time series data visualization in 3D is a particularly challenging problem. Many solutions to this have been put forward however most assume a data schema that is difficult to generalize. This software looks to a take an existing 3D visualization platform, Honeycomb, and abstract the data handling f"], ["software", "NPO-53630-1", "NPO-53630-1", "Stuck Bits Detection Benchmark for Commodity Hardware", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The program reserves memory_size megabytes of memory using malloc and writes an array of different repeating pattern to the reserved locations. After a user-specified wait time, the memory location is then read back again, and the read pattern compared to the written one. Errors are then logged to ."], ["software", "NPO-53647-1", "NPO-53647-1", "GOES-SIF: Near-Real Time Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) Estimation over the United States derived from OCO-3 and GOES-R ABI", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "The objective of this research was to train a machine learning model to predict Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) by fusing data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) instrument with multispectral data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites-R (GOES-R) series "], ["software", "NPO-53655-1", "NPO-53655-1", "SAR Back-Projection Algorithm on AMD Versal ACAP", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Implements SAR Back-Projection Algorithm using the new AMD Versal ACAP processor.SAR Back-Projection on the Versal ACAP will enable on-board processing in future space missions."], ["software", "NPO-53697-1", "NPO-53697-1", "Python software in support of Aura MLS data analysis", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This software provides readers and data screening and manipulation capabilities in python for the Level 2 and other data from NASA's Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument."], ["software", "NPO-53702-1", "NPO-53702-1", "A High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Climate Data Record produced in a cloud-based science data system", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Multiscale Ultra High Resolution (MUR) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) dataset is a Level 4 blended product currently produced by the Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It is one of its premier public datasets with thousands of annual users in oceanog"], ["software", "NPO-53707-1", "NPO-53707-1", "auto-priors-rs - Automatic TCCON priors", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "This software is specifically designed to handle both ad hoc user requests for input files needed to run GGG for variable times and locations as well as ongoing generation of these files for sites with routinely operating instruments. Compared to other efforts to accomplish this task, auto-priors-rs"], ["software", "NPO-53718-1", "NPO-53718-1", "Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) Snapshot Area Mapping (SAM) Tool", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3) is a space instrument that will investigate important questions about the distribution of carbon dioxide on Earth as it relates to growing urban populations and changing patterns of fossil fuel combustion. OCO-3 explores, for the first time, daily variations"], ["software", "NPO-53720-1", "NPO-53720-1", "Delay Tolerant Networking Interface for Robotics Systems", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "Develop a gateway module to enable communication between isolated ROS2 networks through a DTN using the ION framework. Ensure transparent interoperability (ROS2 nodes should exchange data without any modification to their code). Design an autonomous discovery mechanism allowing gateways to detect ea"], ["software", "NPO-53723-1", "NPO-53723-1", "Adaptation of an Established Evolutionary Algorithm (for Neural Net Training) to Graph Discovery for Lunar Track Network Planning", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This algorithm is an adaptation of NEAT (NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies), originally designed for optimizing weights and topologies of neural networks, but repurposed to instead find graphs with 2D spatial meaning. It uses the core ideas behind NEAT for evolving solutions stochastically, an"], ["software", "NPO-53740-1", "NPO-53740-1", "Diffusion-based Galaxy Simulations for Roman's High Latitude Survey", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Precise weak lensing measurements from upcoming large area surveys (Roman, Euclid, Rubin) require billions of realistic galaxy images. Traditional simulation pipelines are computationally prohibitive and often lack fidelity because galaxy formation physics is incompletely understood. Generative Diff"], ["software", "NPO-53753-1", "NPO-53753-1", "doc-verification-bridge: Theorem classification for specification-implementation refinement", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Doc-verification-bridge is a semantic documentation and verification coverage tool for Lean 4 that automatically classifies theorems according to their role in specification-implementation refinement. The tool addresses a critical gap in verified software development: while proof assistants guarante"], ["software", "NPO-53765-1", "NPO-53765-1", "WildOS: Open-Vocabulary Object Search in the Wild", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This work presents WildOS, a unified system for long-range, open-vocabulary object search that combines safe geometric exploration with semantic visual reasoning. WildOS builds a sparse navigation graph to maintain spatial memory, while utilizing a foundation-model-based vision module, ExploRFM, to "], ["software", "NPO-53767-1", "NPO-53767-1", "Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Simulation", "aeronautics", "JPL", "The software is a simulation environment for autonomous underwater vehicles that simulates vehicle motion, navigation, and sensors for the testing of autonomous planning behaviors for exploration. This software also focuses specifically on tools for testing autonomous planning algorithms by removing"], ["software", "NPO-53779-1", "NPO-53779-1", "Hermes - A Command & Telemetry Framework", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Hermes is a platform meant to speed up the development of robotics software for spaceflight by providing an integrated tool for development of common JPL mission autonomous paradigms. JPL deep space missions typically utilize sequencing to prescribe the day-to-day autonomy carried out by surface rob"], ["software", "NPO-53780-1", "NPO-53780-1", "Teamtools Studio Suite and DemoSat Adaptation", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This software is meant to enable spacecraft operators and operators of other complex systems to build last-mile solutions around existing Ground Data System solutions (GDS).It provides a wide range of functionalities across the Planning, Scheduling, Sequencing, Sequence Simulation, Sequence Validati"], ["software", "NPO-53786-1", "NPO-53786-1", "SpaceWASM", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Command sequences drive many of our spacecraft's higher level behaviors. The nature of a command sequence allows an operator to change the behavior of a spacecraft without changing its flight-software which would impose a much greater validation cost. Sequences running on the same flight-software ca"], ["software", "NPO-53788-1", "NPO-53788-1", "Roman CGI CTC Data Integration Processor (DIP)", "aeronautics", "JPL", "It acts as the clerk to collate information, delegate tasks to work upon the collated information, then distribute any and all results to an archivist and publisher. It glues existing NASA open source technologies together for a specific purpose of organizing and managing the data flow through the C"], ["software", "NPO-53790-1", "NPO-53790-1", "Enabling Time Sensitive Networking into the Space Ecosystem", "aeronautics", "JPL", "This software accomplishes the following:* Configures a dual-fault tolerant TSN network* Generates traffic over a TSN network in flight-like scenarios* Implements a fault-tolerant time distribution algorithm* Performs TSN to EtherCAT bridge functionality* Demonstrates a remote data concentrator over"], ["software", "NPO-53794-1", "NPO-53794-1", "TaskSAT, a Framework for Analyzing Task nets", "aeronautics", "JPL", "TaskSAT is a domain-specific language and tool for modeling and verifying task scheduling problems with rich temporal and resource constraints. The system combines a declarative specification language with SMT-based automated reasoning using Z3. TaskSAT supports multiple types of state variables tha"], ["software", "NPO-53799-1", "NPO-53799-1", "lean4-yaml", "aeronautics", "JPL", "Current YAML parsers are written in languages that do not provide good support for rigorous formal verification (e.g. Python, C, Perl). Formally verifying architecture specifications written in YAML files. Such files are organized according to an implicit YAML schema that, currently, is not specifie"], ["software", "NPO-53803-1", "NPO-53803-1", "GRACE missions SDS processing and Open Science Application recipes", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "JPL", "Changes in how mass is distributed within and between Earth's atmosphere, oceans, groundwater and ice sheets are fundamental indicators of the large-scale dynamics of the planet. For more than 15 years, NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission monitored mass changes every month"], ["software", "NPO-53804-1", "NPO-53804-1", "lean4-yaml-verified", "aeronautics", "JPL", "lean4-yaml-verified is a formally verified YAML 1.2.2 and JSON parser and schema validator implemented in the Lean 4 interactive theorem prover. It parses YAML and JSON documents into a typed abstract syntax tree (AST), validates them against schemas specified as Lean 4 type definitions, and provide"], ["software", "NPO-53831-1", "NPO-53831-1", "mux", "data and image processing", "JPL", "mux is a collection of container-based services for interacting with hardware commonly used on adaptive optics instruments for ground-based telescopes. Containerized architecture allowing only the exact features a system needs to be deployed. Similar software exists at the python module level. We im"], ["software", "NPO-53837-1", "NPO-53837-1", "Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) Node Registry for the Interplanetary Networking Overlay (ION) DTN software.", "aeronautics", "JPL", "A Centralized DTN Node Registry for ION-Based Network Configuration As the deployment of Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) expands across complex aerospace and terrestrial environments, the lack of a standardized, automated registry for node characteristics presents a significant bottleneck. DTN "], ["software", "NPO-53841-1", "NPO-53841-1", "An AI-Powered Platform for Quantifying Scientific Impact Across JPL Earth System Models and Missions", "aeronautics", "JPL", "An integrated platform combining four innovations: (1) Automated citation analytics using large language models (Gemini, Gemma3) to classify engagement levels (4 tiers: background citation foundational method usage), research domains (10 Earth science categories), and geographic reach across 26,741 "], ["software", "NPO-53874-1", "NPO-53874-1", "Astria Backend Mars Image Service", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We developed a new backend service comprising two micro-services which are exposed to remote web clients using standard secure web protocols. These services integrate with mission authentication and cloud infrastructure to securely deliver image data on an as-needed basis to mission users for scienc"], ["software", "NPO-53880-1", "NPO-53880-1", "ISOFire - Real-time full-physics wildfire temperature retrieval from imaging spectroscopy", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Airborne imaging spectrometers can observe thermal emissions and traditional approaches to retrieving temperature have often relay on utilizing a small selection of wavelengths and offline modeling using end member mixtures. We developed ISOFire, a full-physics based approach which utilizes a forwar"], ["software", "NPO-53890-1", "NPO-53890-1", "VBRCpy: Very Broadband Rheology Calculator (Python)", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Geodynamic models often require 3D mantle structure as input, and seismic tomography provides seismic shear wave (Vs) and quality factor (Q) observations throughout the mantle that can constrain this structure. Interpreting these Vs and Q anomalies in terms of temperature and viscosity variations re"], ["software", "NPO-53893-1", "NPO-53893-1", "Generate custom and malicious BPv7 bundles and LTP segments to ensure DTN implementations meet conformance and security requirements", "data and image processing", "JPL", "Existing tools for testing Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) implementations often rely on complex, brittle shell scripts and binary processing utilities. Furthermore, while standard packet analyzers exist, they struggle to dissect custom or experimental DTN traffic and offer limited capabilities for "], ["software", "NPO-53914-1", "NPO-53914-1", "Deep Learning-Based Detector and Automatic Labeler for Vehicles in Overhead Imagery", "data and image processing", "JPL", "We want to detect vehicles in a series of overhead images to ultimately track these vehicles. Off-the-shelf detection models are not good at detecting vehicles in overhead imagery. Open source labeled dataset COWC (Cars Overhead with Context) provides center point annotations, but we want bounding b"], ["software", "NPO-53933-1", "NPO-53933-1", "INCUS DAR L1 processor and report tools", "data and image processing", "JPL", "For the INCUS mission, three Ka-band radars collect raw echo power from precipitation. This software runs as part of the INCUS science data system to process the raw DAR instrument data into segmented granules, that are time and geolocated, of calibrated and quality-controlled radar reflectivity fac"], ["software", "NPO-53961-1", "NPO-53961-1", "libtmux_easy - Python libtmux wrapper for easier programmatic creation of tmux sessions.", "data and image processing", "JPL", "A wrapper around libtmux for easier creation of tmux sessions with python. Doing so is possible in libtmux, but there is quite a bit of boilerplate still. This wrapper lib makes session creation easy and provides some quality of life features. Creating a tmux session is a useful way to manage multip"], ["software", "SSC-00151-1", "SSC-00151-1", "Engineering Units Generator (EUGEN)", "data servers processing and handling", "SSC", "EUGEN converts digitized sensor output voltage data to engineering units. The tool creates individual processed data files (one file per transducer per test run), converting raw voltage to meaningful measurements such as pressure or temperature. Engineering Units are generated by the Low Speed Data "], ["software", "SSC-00181", "SSC-00181", "Application Research Toolbox (ART)", "data servers processing and handling", "SSC", "The Application Research Toolbox (ART) is a collection of computer programs that implement algorithms and parametric mathematical models for simulating remote sensing systems, developed in MATLAB. The ART is intended to be especially useful for performing design-tradeoff studies and statistical anal"], ["software", "SSC-00281", "SSC-00281", "Rocket Plume Spectroscopy Simulation for Hydrocarbon-Fueled Rocket Engines", "data and image processing", "SSC", "Enhancements and modifications to a code developed for plume spectral data analysis in 1994 have made the original computer program applicable to the Space Shuttle Maine Engine and the Diagnostic Test-bed Facility Thruster (DTFT). The new code can now handle the non-uniform wavelength intervals at w"], ["software", "SSC-00321", "SSC-00321", "Phenological Parameters Estimation Tool (PPET)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "SSC", "The Phenological Parameters Estimation Tool (PPET) is a set of algorithms implemented in MATLAB that estimates key vegetative phenological parameters. For a given year, the PPET software package takes in temporally processed vegetation index data (3-D spatio-temporal arrays) generated by the Time Se"], ["software", "SSC-00339", "SSC-00339", "Spatial Resolution Verification Tool (SRVT)", "data and image processing", "SSC", "An automated Spatial Resolution Verification Tool (SRVT) was developed to rapidly determine the spatial resolution characteristics of remotely sensed aerial and satellite imagery. Most current methods for assessing spatial resolution characteristics of imagery rely on pre-deployed engineered targets"], ["software", "SSC-00393", "SSC-00393", "Software Suite to Support In-Flight Characterization of Remote Sensing Systems", "data servers processing and handling", "SSC", "A software suite, developed to support NASAs in-flight characterization of commercial remote sensing systems, efficiently automates reproducible processing of ground truth data. It is unique in that it takes input from a number of disparate data sources, condenses and rapidly processes it, to a form"], ["software", "SSC-00404", "SSC-00404", "Time Series Product Tool (TSPT) 3.0", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "SSC", "The Time Series Product Tool (TSPT) is custom designed software developed to compute and display superior quality Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images from satellite data products for enabling or aiding rapid regional surveillance of canopy greenness for crops, forests, and other veg"], ["software", "SSC-00424", "SSC-00424", "Stennis Space Center (SSC) Site Status Mobile Application", "business systems and project management", "SSC", "This application provides SSC civil servants, contractors, and tenants the ability to view the Center's weather radar and current site status bulletin from a mobile device. The application also alerts users via push notification when a new site status is posted. Available at the Apple App Store."], ["software", "SSC-00492", "SSC-00492", "Coastal Salinity and Temperature (CSalT) Web Application", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "SSC", "The Coastal Salinity and Temperature Monitoring (CSalT) web application Version 1.0, objective is to provide daily access to salinity and temperature data on a continuous and unrestricted basis to authorized users. Numerical model data from multiple sources is collected and integrated with NASA remo"], ["software", "SSC-00505", "SSC-00505", "Algorithm for Automated Sargassum Detection for Landsat-8 OLI Imagery", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "SSC", "Methodology and software were implemented to automatically detect Sargassum spp., a floating aquatic seaweed, in 30-meter LANDSAT-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery. This Sargassum spp. detection is an extended form of Hus approach to derive a floating algae index (FAI), which is defined as the"], ["software", "SSC-00507", "SSC-00507", "MEKONG RIVER TOTAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS (Mekong_TSS)", "environmental science earth air space exoplanet", "SSC", "The Mekong River Total Suspended Sediment Software Application (TSS_Mekong) computes the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations of the Mekong River from data of the Operational Land Imager (OLI), flying on board of the LANDSAT-8. In this application, computation of TSS follows a two-step proc"], ["software", "SSC-00529", "SSC-00529", "NOSS (NDAS One Stop Shop)", "operations", "SSC", "NOSS is a web based central configuration interface for NASA Data Acquisition System(NDAS) or can additionally be used as a frontend for other types of data acquisition systems. NOSS is accessed using a web browser and allows for concurrent multi-user access. After configuration is complete, a user "], ["software", "SSC-00592", "SSC-00592", "NDAS ( NASA Data Acquisition System )", "propulsion", "SSC", "NASA Data Acquisiton System (NDAS) encompasses a suite of Data Acquisition Applications including acquisition, data processing, calibration, display, recording as well as distribution. This software system is intended to be used across all data acquisition hardware platforms."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-1", "ARC-SO-1", "Analytical Device", "health and medicine", "ARC", "In the mid 60's under contract with NASA, Dr. Benjamin W. Grunbaum was responsible for the development of an automated electrophoresis device that would work in the weightless environment of space. The device was never used in space but was revived during the mid 70's as a technology utilization pro"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-10", "ARC-SO-10", "Planning for “What If” Scenarios", "computer technology", "ARC", "Interval Logic Corporation is a graduate of the Ames Technology Commercialization Center (Ames Research Center's business incubator). The founders are the developers of the Spike Scheduling system, the most successful scheduling technology ever developed for NASA. This software was used to double th"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-100", "ARC-SO-100", "Bike Racing Helmet", "public safety", "ARC", "In 1985, the U.S. Cycling Federation ruled that all racing bikers must wear helmets that meet American National Safety Institute Standards. Existing helmets were hot and heavy. Jim Gentes, president of Giro Sport Design, Inc. turned to Raymond Hicks an aerodynamicist at Ames Research Center for a de"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-101", "ARC-SO-101", "Keeping Hearts Pumping", "health and medicine", "ARC", "A collaboration between NASA, Dr. Michael DeBakey, Dr. George Noon, and MicroMed Technology, Inc., resulted in a lifesaving heart pump for patients awaiting heart transplants. The MicroMed DeBakey VAD functions as a bridge to heart transplant\" by pumping blood throughout the body to keep critically "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-102", "ARC-SO-102", "The Eyes Have It", "health and medicine", "ARC", "NASA'S Ames Research Center contracted with SRI international to construct a device that would be able to anticipate, track, and monitor involuntary ocular movement horizontally, vertically, and with respect to depth-of-field. This development helped research institutions to understand the eye. The "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-103", "ARC-SO-103", "Home Insulation With the Stroke of a Brush", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "As a manufacturer and marketer of thermal solutions for residential, commercial, and industrial applications, Hy-Tech Thermal Solutions attributes its success to the high performance insulating ceramic microsphere originally developed from NASA thermal research at Ames Research Center. Shaped like a"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-104", "ARC-SO-104", "Network Software", "computer technology", "ARC", "In the mid-1980s, ARC needed to upgrade its entire computer network to support a more advanced Numerical Aerodynamics Simulation program. When no existing or planned networking products were available, James Perdue, an ARC computer engineer, resigned from NASA and founded Ultra Network Technologies."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-105", "ARC-SO-105", "3D Audio System", "computer technology", "ARC", "Ames Research Center research into virtual reality led to the development of the Convolvotron, a high speed digital audio processing system that delivers three-dimensional sound over headphones. It consists of a two-card set designed for use with a personal computer. The Convolvotron's primary appli"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-106", "ARC-SO-106", "Cleaner Landfills", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Osmotek, Inc. developed the Direct Osmosis treatment system through SBIR funding from Ames Research Center. Using technology originally developed for flight aboard the Space Station, the company brought it to their commercial water purification treatment system, Direct Osmosis. This water purificati"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-107", "ARC-SO-107", "Ocean Observation Instrument", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "The Airborne Ocean Color Imager (AOCI) was developed by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc. for Ames Research Center under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract as a simulator for an advanced oceanographic satellite instrument. The instrument measures water temperature and detects water color "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-108", "ARC-SO-108", "Technology for Manufacturing Efficiency", "computer technology", "ARC", "The Ground Processing Scheduling System (GPSS) was developed by Ames Research Center, Kennedy Space Center and divisions of the Lockheed Company to maintain the scheduling for preparing a Space Shuttle Orbiter for a mission. Red Pepper Software Company, now part of PeopleSoft, Inc., commercialized t"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-109", "ARC-SO-109", "Imaging System", "computer technology", "ARC", "The 1100C Virtual Window is based on technology developed under NASA Small Business Innovation (SBIR) contracts to Ames Research Center. For example, under one contract Dimension Technologies, Inc. developed a large autostereoscopic display for scientific visualization applications. The Virtual Wind"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-11", "ARC-SO-11", "Software Smarts", "transportation", "ARC", "Under an SBIR contract with Johnson Space Center, Knowledge Based Systems Inc. (KBSI) developed an intelligent software environment for modeling and analyzing mission planning activities, simulating behavior, and, using a unique constraint propagation mechanism, updating plans with each change in mi"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-110", "ARC-SO-110", "Anti-Shock Garment", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Ames Research Center developed a prototype pressure suit for hemophiliac children, based on research of astronauts' physiological responses in microgravity. Zoex Corporation picked up the design and patents and developed an anti-shock garment for paramedic use. Marketed by Dyna Med, the suit reverse"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-111", "ARC-SO-111", "Learning That's Out of This World", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "NASA's Ames Research Center developed a new curriculum to educate the space explorers of tomorrow. The Mars Virtual Exploration CD-ROM is exclusively licensed to Modern School Supplies, Inc., of Bloomfield, Connecticut. The CD-ROM allows students to imagine they are residents of a research team at a"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-112", "ARC-SO-112", "Paper-Thin Coating Offers Maximum Protection", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Wessex Incorporated has recently taken a technology that was originally developed for NASA as a protective coating for ceramic materials used in heatshields for space vehicles, and modified it for use in applications such as building materials, machinery, and transportation. The technology, develope"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-113", "ARC-SO-113", "A Genuine TEAM Player", "computer technology", "ARC", "Qualtech Systems, Inc. developed a complete software system with capabilities of multisignal modeling, diagnostic analysis, run-time diagnostic operations, and intelligent interactive reasoners. Commercially available as the TEAMS (Testability Engineering and Maintenance System) tool set, the softwa"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-114", "ARC-SO-114", "Human Factors Model", "transportation", "ARC", "Jack is an advanced human factors software package that provides a three dimensional model for predicting how a human will interact with a given system or environment. It can be used for a broad range of computer-aided design applications. Jack was developed by the computer Graphics Research Laborat"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-115", "ARC-SO-115", "Virtual Reality: You Are There", "computer technology", "ARC", "Telepresence or virtual reality allows a person, with assistance from advanced technology devices, to figuratively project himself into another environment. This technology is marketed by several companies, among them Fakespace, Inc., a former Ames Research Center contractor. Fakespace developed a t"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-117", "ARC-SO-117", "Nutritional Products from Space Research", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Six scientists from Martin Marietta who did research for NASA on algae as food supply, oxygen source and a recycling agent for long duration space travel founded Martek Biosciences Corporation. Martek's main product is Formulaid for infants, an algae-based, vegetable-like oil containing two essentia"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-118", "ARC-SO-118", "Collision Avoidance System", "public safety", "ARC", "Ames Research Center teamed with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to study human performance factors associated with the use of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance system (TCAS II) in an operational environment. TCAS is designed to alert pilots of the presence of other aircraft in the"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-119", "ARC-SO-119", "Illuminating Cell Biology", "health and medicine", "ARC", "NASA's Ames Research Center awarded Ciencia, Inc., a Small Business Innovation Research contract to develop the Cell Fluorescence Analysis System (CFAS) to address the size, mass, and power constraints of using fluorescence spectroscopy in the International Space Station's Life Science Research Faci"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-12", "ARC-SO-12", "Intruder Detector", "public safety", "ARC", "The intruder detector, developed with a NASA license is designed to prevent burglaries. This technology was simulated from the Apollo Lunar Exploration Program. Before a prowler breaks in, he is unaware that his presence has already been detected and reported. Encased in a stainless steel tube, dete"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-120", "ARC-SO-120", "Archeological/Environmental Research", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Landsat/Seasat remote sensing was used by Ames Research Center to evaluate environmental influence on ancient Mayan civilization. Over 35 archeological sites were imaged and valuable information concerning Maya settlement patterns, environment, and resource usage resulted. The imagery was also used "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-121", "ARC-SO-121", "Innovations in Aircraft Design", "transportation", "ARC", "The Boeing 777 carries with it basic and applied research, technology, and aerodynamic knowledge honed at several NASA field centers. Several Langley Research Center innovations instrumental to the development of the aircraft include knowledge of how to reduce engine and other noise for passengers a"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-122", "ARC-SO-122", "Foot Comfort for the Fashionable", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Modellista Footwear's new shoe line uses TempurT material, which conforms to each wearer's unique foot shape to absorb shock and cushion the foot. The foam's properties allow the shoe to change with the wearer's foot as it shrinks and swells throughout the day. Scientists at NASA's Ames Research Cen"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-123", "ARC-SO-123", "Ice Protection", "public safety", "ARC", "A new ice removal system developed by Ames Research Center (ARC) and refined and marketed by DNE Technologies, Inc., employs a technique known as expulsive ice shedding. Expulsive separation blankets\" are applied to airplane wings helicopter rotors engine inlets etc. A strong direct current pulse is"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-124", "ARC-SO-124", "Force Feedback Joystick", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "I-FORCE, a computer peripheral from Immersion Corporation, was derived from virtual environment and human factors research at the Advanced Displays and Spatial Perception Laboratory at Ames Research Center in collaboration with Stanford University's Center for Design Research. Entrepreneur Louis Ros"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-125", "ARC-SO-125", "Mapping a Better Vintage", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "NASA's Earth Science Enterprise partnered with the U.S. wine and commercial remote sensing industries for a project known as the Viticultural Integration of NASA Technologies for Assessment of the Grapevine Environment (VINTAGE). Based on VINTAGE's applied research, VESTRA Resources, Inc., released "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-126", "ARC-SO-126", "A Boom in Boomerangs", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Ted Bailey, a highly-ranked international boomerang designer and thrower, used information from a variety of NASA technical reports on aerodynamics and low-speed airfoils to design more competitive boomerangs. Because the boomerang is essentially an airfoil like an airplane wing, the technology tran"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-127", "ARC-SO-127", "Technology for the Sound of Music", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "In the early 1960s during an industry recession, Kaman Aircraft lost several defense contracts. Forced to diversify, the helicopter manufacturer began to manufacture acoustic guitars. Kaman's engineers used special vibration analysis equipment based on aerospace technology. While a helicopter's roto"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-128", "ARC-SO-128", "Faster Aerodynamic Simulation With Cart3D", "computer technology", "ARC", "Cart3D offers a revolutionary approach to computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the computer simulation of how fluids and gases flow around an object of a particular design. By fusing technological advancements in diverse fields such as mineralogy, computer graphics, computational geometry, and fluid "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-129", "ARC-SO-129", "Real-time Simulation", "computer technology", "ARC", "Coryphaeus Software, founded in 1989 by former NASA electronic engineer Steve Lakowske, creates real-time 3D software. Designer's Workbench, the company's flagship product, is a modeling and simulation tool for the development of both static and dynamic 3D databases. Other products soon followed. Ac"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-13", "ARC-SO-13", "Helicopter Design Analysis", "transportation", "ARC", "Design of military and civil helicopters, produced by Bell Helicopter Textron, and aided by the use of COSMIC'S computer program VASP enables performance of more accurate analyses to insure product safety and improved production efficiency."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-130", "ARC-SO-130", "Self Cooling/Heating Devices", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "A NASA RTTC assisted International Thermal Packaging (ITP) in the identification of a NASA-developed synthetic polymer that can absorb 1,000 times its weight in water. The desiccant was used in the manufacture of a self-chilling can, a major innovation for packaging food and beverages. The refrigera"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-131", "ARC-SO-131", "Real-time 3D Visualization", "computer technology", "ARC", "Butler Hine, former director of the Intelligent Mechanism Group (IMG) at Ames Research Center, and five others partnered to start Fourth Planet, Inc., a visualization company that specializes in the intuitive visual representation of dynamic, real-time data over the Internet and Intranet. Over a fiv"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-132", "ARC-SO-132", "Students Soaring High with Software Spinoff", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "An educational software product designed at Ames Research Center is bringing actual aeronautical work performed by NASA engineers to the public in an interactive format for the first time, in order to introduce future generations of engineers to the fundamentals of flight. Bill Maecker, the presiden"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-133", "ARC-SO-133", "Software Sharing Enables Smarter Content Management", "computer technology", "ARC", "In 2004, NASA established a technology partnership with Xerox Corporation to develop high-tech knowledge management systems while providing new tools and applications that support the Vision for Space Exploration. In return, NASA provides research and development assistance to Xerox to progress its "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-134", "ARC-SO-134", "Engineering Software Suite Validates System Design", "computer technology", "ARC", "EDAptive Computing Inc.'s (ECI) EDAstar engineering software tool suite, created to capture and validate system design requirements, was significantly funded by NASA's Ames Research Center through five Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts. These programs specifically developed Syscape"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-135", "ARC-SO-135", "Multispectral Imaging Broadens Cellular Analysis", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Amnis Corporation, a Seattle-based biotechnology company, developed ImageStream to produce sensitive fluorescence images of cells in flow. The company responded to an SBIR solicitation from Ames Research Center, and proposed to evaluate several methods of extending the depth of field for its ImageSt"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-136", "ARC-SO-136", "Comprehensive Software Eases Air Traffic Management", "transportation", "ARC", "To help air traffic control centers improve the safety and the efficiency of the National Airspace System, Ames Research Center developed the Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET) software, which won NASA's 2006 Software of the Year\" competition. In 2005, Ames licensed FACET"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-137", "ARC-SO-137", "Modeling Tool Advances Rotorcraft Design", "transportation", "ARC", "Continuum Dynamics Inc. (CDI), founded in 1979, specializes in advanced engineering services, including fluid dynamic modeling and analysis for aeronautics research. The company has completed a number of SBIR research projects with NASA, including early rotorcraft work done through Langley Research "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-138", "ARC-SO-138", "Air Data Report Improves Flight Safety", "transportation", "ARC", "NASA's Aviation Safety Program in the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, which seeks to make aviation safer by developing tools for flight data analysis and interpretation and then by transferring these tools to the aviation industry, sponsored the development of Morning Report software."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-139", "ARC-SO-139", "Managing Content in a Matter of Minutes", "computer technology", "ARC", "NASA software created to help scientists expeditiously search and organize their research documents is now aiding compliance personnel, law enforcement investigators, and the general public in their efforts to search, store, manage, and retrieve documents more efficiently. Developed at Ames Research"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-14", "ARC-SO-14", "Image Processing Software", "computer technology", "ARC", "The Ames digital image velocimetry technology has been incorporated in a commercially available image processing software package that allows motion measurement of images on a PC alone. The software, manufactured by Werner Frei Associates, is IMAGELAB FFT. IMAGELAB FFT is a general purpose image pro"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-140", "ARC-SO-140", "NASA Technology Takes Center Stage", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Ames Research Center's Perilog, a suite of data-mining tools, searches for hidden patterns in large databases to determine previously unrecognized relationships. The software can intelligently compile information about desired topics from databases. Audition For Hollywood uses Perilog in an effort t"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-141", "ARC-SO-141", "Hearing in True 3-D", "computer technology", "ARC", "In 1984, researchers from Ames Research Center came together to develop advanced human interfaces for NASA's teleoperations that would come to be known as virtual reality.\" Twenty years later this prolific research continues to pay dividends to society in the form of cutting-edge virtual reality pro"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-142", "ARC-SO-142", "Advanced Control System Increases Helicopter Safety", "transportation", "ARC", "With support and funding from a Phase II NASA SBIR project from Ames Research Center, Hoh Aeronautics Inc. (HAI), of Lomita, California, produced HeliSAS, a low-cost, lightweight, attitude-command-attitude-hold stability augmentation system (SAS) for civil helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. H"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-143", "ARC-SO-143", "Advanced X-Ray Sources Ensure Safe Environments", "public safety", "ARC", "Ames Research Center awarded inXitu Inc. (formerly Microwave Power Technology), of Mountain View, California, an SBIR contract to develop a new design of electron optics for forming and focusing electron beams that is applicable to a broad class of vacuum electron devices. This technology offers an "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-144", "ARC-SO-144", "Robots Explore the Farthest Reaches of Earth and Space", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Deep Ocean Engineering (DOE) Inc., of San Leandro, California, received several SBIR awards from NASA to develop remotely operated vehicle (ROV) technologies with Ames Research Center. DOE engineers developed a concept for a versatile and robust locomotion methodology based on snake and worm morphol"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-145", "ARC-SO-145", "Software Simulates Sight: Flat Panel Mura Detection", "computer technology", "ARC", "Radiant Imaging Inc., of Duvall, Washington, licensed the Spatial Standard Observer (SSO) software from Ames Research Center. The SSO simulates a simplified model of human spatial vision, operating on a pair of images that are viewed at a specific viewing distance with pixels having a known relation"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-146", "ARC-SO-146", "Scheduling Accessory Assists Patients with Cognitive Disorders", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Recom Technologies Inc. received initial funding from NASA to research the commercial potential of an artificially intelligent planning reaction model to serve as a tool to help individuals suffering from various forms and levels of brain impairment. In 1993, the chief of the Artificial Intelligence"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-147", "ARC-SO-147", "The New Realm of 3-D Vision", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Dimension Technologies Inc., developed a line of 2-D/3-D Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens, including a 15-inch model priced at consumer levels. DTI's family of flat panel LCD displays, called the Virtual Window,T provide real-time 3-D images without the use of glasses, head trackers, helmets, or"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-148", "ARC-SO-148", "Space Research Fortifies Nutrition Worldwide", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems program attempted to address basic needs of crews, meet stringent payload and power usage restrictions, and minimize space occupancy, by developing living, regenerative ecosystems that would take care of themselves and their inhabitants. An experimen"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-149", "ARC-SO-149", "Water and Air Measures That Make ‘PureSense’", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "In the spring of 2002, NASA and several of the eventual founders of PureSense sponsored a series of work sessions for emergency response and water system agencies, with representation from a wide variety of Federal, state, local, and first-response officials. The sessions focused on understanding ho"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-15", "ARC-SO-15", "Vision Test in Seconds", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Acuity Systems, Inc. developed an electro-optical instrument under a grant from NASA to measure the visual performance of pilots. Transferred from Ames Research Center, this instrument now allows you to have your eyes tested in seconds by relatively unskilled operators. The device automatically meas"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-150", "ARC-SO-150", "Portable Device Analyzes Rocks and Minerals", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "inXitu Inc., of Mountain View, California, entered into a Phase II SBIR contract with Ames Research Center to develop technologies for the next generation of scientific instruments for materials analysis. The work resulted in a sample handling system that could find a wide range of applications in r"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-151", "ARC-SO-151", "Inductive System Monitors Tasks", "computer technology", "ARC", "The Inductive Monitoring System is software developed at Ames Research Center that uses artificial intelligence and data mining techniques to build system-monitoring knowledge bases from archived or simulated sensor data. This information is then used to detect unusual or anomalous behavior that may"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-152", "ARC-SO-152", "Nanoscale Liquid Jets Shape New Line of Business", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Early on in his 6-year NASA career, Emanuel Barros led the development of re-flown flight hardware for an award-winning Spacelab project called NeuroLab.\" This project the sixteenth and final Spacelab mission focused on a series of experiments to determine the effects of microgravity on the developm"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-153", "ARC-SO-153", "Mars Cameras Make Panoramic Photography a Snap", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "The Mars rover Panoramic Mast Assemblies inspired scientists at Ames Research Center and Carnegie Mellon University to find more down-to-Earth\" photographic and virtual exploration applications for consumers. With the Austin, Texas-based Charmed Labs LLC, scientists created a prototype for the Gigap"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-154", "ARC-SO-154", "Computer Model Locates Environmental Hazards", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Catherine Huybrechts Burton founded San Francisco-based Endpoint Environmental (2E) LLC in 2005 while she was a student intern and project manager at Ames Research Center with NASA's DEVELOP program. The 2E team created the Tire Identification from Reflectance model, which algorithmically processes "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-155", "ARC-SO-155", "Fire-Resistant Reinforcement Makes Steel Structures Sturdier", "public safety", "ARC", "Built and designed by Avco Corporation, the Apollo heat shield was coated with an ablative material whose purpose was to burn and, thus, dissipate energy. The burned material charred to form a protective coating which blocked heat penetration beyond the outer surface. Avco Corporation subsequently e"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-156", "ARC-SO-156", "Building Safer Systems With SpecTRM", "computer technology", "ARC", "The Specification Tools and Requirements Methodology (SpecTRM) product helps system and software engineers develop specifications for large, complex safety-critical systems. SpecTRM enables engineers to find errors early in development so that they can be fixed with the lowest cost and impact on the"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-157", "ARC-SO-157", "Processing at the Speed of Light", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) are critical elements in optical processing systems used for imaging, displaying, data storage, communications, and other applications. By taking advantage of the natural properties of light beams, the devices process information at speeds unattainable by human operat"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-158", "ARC-SO-158", "From Planetary Imaging to Enzyme Screening", "health and medicine", "ARC", "To work in NASA's Mission Control Center and share in the excitement of seeing the very first close-up images of Saturn being piped back to Earth (from the Pioneer 11 spacecraft in 1979) is not a sensation that most high school students get to experience. However, as part of an internship in NASA's "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-159", "ARC-SO-159", "Feeling Well Rested and Wide Awake When it Counts", "public safety", "ARC", "Dr. Mark Rosekind led NASA's Fatigue Countermeasures Program from 1990 until 1997. During his tenure, he made many important contributions to applied research, accident investigation, aviation policy, and operational environments. In 1997, Rosekind brought his expertise to the private sector by foun"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-16", "ARC-SO-16", "Gait Analysis Laboratory", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Complete motion analysis laboratory has evolved out of analyzing walking patterns of crippled children at Stanford Children's Hospital. Data is collected by placing tiny electrical sensors over muscle groups of child's legs and inserting step-sensing switches in soles of shoes. Miniature radio trans"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-160", "ARC-SO-160", "A History of High-Performance Computing", "computer technology", "ARC", "To construct the latest NASA supercomputer, Columbia, the Space Agency tapped into years of supercomputing experience, dating as far back as the early 1980s, when computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer codes originated, and as recent as 2004, when the Agency adopted novel immersive visualizatio"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-161", "ARC-SO-161", "Sensor Network Provides Environmental Data", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "The National Biocomputation Center, a joint partnership between the Stanford University School of Medicine's Department of Surgery and NASA's Ames Research Center, is the test bed for much of NASA's research in telemedicine, the remote delivery of medical care. In early 2005, researchers at the Nati"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-162", "ARC-SO-162", "Preventing Ice Before it Forms", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "A team of engineers at Ames Research Center invented an environmentally friendly anti-icing fluid to keep hazardous ice from building up on airplane wings. The typical approach to clearing off the ice is to use a deicing solution once the ice has built up. The fluid created by the Ames team, though,"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-163", "ARC-SO-163", "‘Anti-Gravity’ Treadmills Speed Rehabilitation", "health and medicine", "ARC", "A former Ames Research Center engineer, Dr. Robert Whalen, invented a treadmill that he licensed to a Menlo Park, California company, Alter-G Inc. The company's G-Trainer is an enclosed treadmill that uses air pressure to help patients feel up to 80-percent lighter, easing discomfort during rehabili"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-164", "ARC-SO-164", "Crew Management Processes Revitalize Patient Care", "health and medicine", "ARC", "In 2005, two physicians, former NASA astronauts, created LifeWings Partners LLC, in Memphis, Tennessee, and began using Crew Resource Management (CRM) techniques developed at Ames Research Center in the 1970s to help improve safety and efficiency at hospitals. According to the company, when hospital"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-165", "ARC-SO-165", "Hubble Systems Optimize Busy Hospital Schedules", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Don Rosenthal, a former Ames Research Center computer scientist who helped design the Hubble Space Telescope's scheduling software, co-founded Allocade Inc., of Menlo Park, California, in 2004. Allocade's OnCue software helps hospitals reclaim unused capacity and optimize constantly changing schedul"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-166", "ARC-SO-166", "Surface Operations Systems Improve Airport Efficiency", "transportation", "ARC", "With SBIR contracts from Ames Research Center, Mosaic ATM, of Leesburg, Virginia, created software to analyze surface operations at airports. Surface surveillance systems, which report locations every second for thousands of air and ground vehicles, generate massive amounts of data, making gathering"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-167", "ARC-SO-167", "Electrolyte Concentrates Treat Dehydration", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Wellness Brands Inc. of Boulder, Colorado, exclusively licensed a unique electrolyte concentrate formula developed by Ames Research Center to treat and prevent dehydration in astronauts returning to Earth. Marketed as The Right Stuff, the company's NASA-derived formula is an ideal measure for athlet"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-168", "ARC-SO-168", "Sensors Provide Early Warning of Biological Threats", "public safety", "ARC", "Early Warning Inc., of Troy, New York, licensed powerful biosensor technology from Ames Research Center. Incorporating carbon nanotubes tipped with single strands of nucleic acid from waterborne pathogens, the sensor can detect even minute amounts of targeted, disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-169", "ARC-SO-169", "Software Tools Streamline Project Management", "computer technology", "ARC", "Three innovative software inventions from Ames Research Center (NETMARK, Program Management Tool, and Query-Based Document Management) are finding their way into NASA missions as well as industry applications. The three software tools have been bundled together for the purpose of executing a nonexcl"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-17", "ARC-SO-17", "Pressure Controller", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "EPIC is Electronic Pressure Indicating Controller produced by North American Manufacturing Company. It is a high-sensitivity device for improving combustion efficiency in industrial furnaces that interprets a signal from a pressure transducer on a furnace and regulates furnace pressure accordingly. "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-170", "ARC-SO-170", "Programs Model the Future of Air Traffic Management", "transportation", "ARC", "Through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Ames Research Center, Intelligent Automation Inc., based in Rockville, Maryland, advanced specialized software the company had begun developing with U.S. Department of Defense funding. The agent-based infrastructure now allows NASA's A"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-171", "ARC-SO-171", "Energy-Efficient Systems Eliminate Icing Danger for UAVs", "public safety", "ARC", "Ames Research Center engineer Leonard Haslim invented an anti-icing technology called an electro-expulsive separation system, which uses mechanical force to shatter potentially dangerous ice buildup on an aircraft surface. Temecula, California-based Ice Management Systems (now known as IMS-ESS) lice"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-172", "ARC-SO-172", "Hand-Held Devices Detect Explosives and Chemical Agents", "public safety", "ARC", "Ion Applications Inc., of West Palm Beach, Florida, partnered with Ames Research Center through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) agreements to develop a miniature version ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). While NASA was interested in the instrument for detecting chemicals during exploration "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-173", "ARC-SO-173", "Toolsets Maintain Health of Complex Systems", "computer technology", "ARC", "Qualtech Systems Inc. (QSI), of Wethersfield, Connecticut, adapted its Testability, Engineering, and Maintenance System (TEAMS) toolset under Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from Ames Research Center to strengthen NASA's systems health management approach for its large, complex, "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-174", "ARC-SO-174", "Framework Resources Multiply Computing Power", "computer technology", "ARC", "As an early proponent of grid computing, Ames Research Center awarded Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding to 3DGeo Development Inc., of Santa Clara, California, (now FusionGeo Inc., of The Woodlands, Texas) to demonstrate a virtual computer environment that linked geographically disper"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-175", "ARC-SO-175", "Energy Servers Deliver Clean, Affordable Power", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "K.R. Sridhar developed a fuel cell device for Ames Research Center that could use solar power to split water into oxygen for breathing and hydrogen for fuel on Mars. Sridhar saw the potential of the technology, when reversed, to create clean energy on Earth. He founded Bloom Energy, of Sunnyvale, Ca"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-176", "ARC-SO-176", "Verification Tools Secure Online Shopping, Banking", "computer technology", "ARC", "Just like rover or rocket technology sent into space, the software that controls these technologies must be extensively tested to ensure reliability and effectiveness. Ames Research Center invented the open-source Java Pathfinder (JPF) toolset for the deep testing of Java-based programs. Fujitsu Lab"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-177", "ARC-SO-177", "Onboard Systems Record Unique Videos of Space Missions", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Ecliptic Enterprises Corporation, headquartered in Pasadena, California, provided onboard video systems for rocket and space shuttle launches before it was tasked by Ames Research Center to craft the Data Handling Unit that would control sensor instruments onboard the Lunar Crater Observation and Se"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-178", "ARC-SO-178", "Cameras Reveal Elements in the Short Wave Infrared", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Goodrich ISR Systems Inc. (formerly Sensors Unlimited Inc.), based out of Princeton, New Jersey, received Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center, Kennedy Space Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Ames Research Center, Ste"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-179", "ARC-SO-179", "Ducted Fan Designs Lead to Potential New Vehicles", "transportation", "ARC", "In 1994, aerospace engineers Rob Bulaga and Mike Moshier formed Trek Aerospace Inc., based in Folsom, California, to develop personal air vehicles using a novel ducted fan design. The company relied on Ames Research Center for a great deal of testing, the results of which have provided greater lift,"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-18", "ARC-SO-18", "Giving E-Commerce a Boost", "computer technology", "ARC", "A former Ames employee, Monte Zweben, sounded a new company, Blue Martini Software, that provides software to companies seeking to personalize their products to individual customers. This customer targeting approach is accomplished through the use of artificial intelligence concepts Zweben worked on"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-180", "ARC-SO-180", "Advisory Systems Save Time, Fuel for Airlines", "transportation", "ARC", "Heinz Erzberger led a team at Ames Research Center to develop a suite of automated tools to improve air traffic control operations. Chicago-based Boeing licensed one of the tools and incorporated it into a product called Direct Routes, which can save tens of thousands of flight minutes and millions "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-181", "ARC-SO-181", "World Wind Tools Reveal Environmental Change", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Originally developed under NASA_s Learning Technologies program as a tool to engage and inspire students, World Wind software was released under the NASA Open Source Agreement license. Honolulu, Hawaii-based Intelesense Technologies is one of the companies currently making use of the technology for "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-182", "ARC-SO-182", "High-Temperature Coatings Offer Energy Savings", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "As a result of its research and development efforts for a new thermal protection material to test on the X-33 and X-34 supersonic aircraft, Ames Research Center invented the Protective Ceramic Coating Material (PCCM). Emisshield Inc. in Blacksburg, Virginia, licensed the technology and now provides "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-183", "ARC-SO-183", "Monitors Track Vital Signs for Fitness and Safety", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Through a Space Act Agreement with Ames Research Center, Zephyr Technology of Annapolis, Maryland, worked with NASA physiology experts on motion sickness experiments, resulting in improvements to the company's wearable vital-sign monitors. Zephyr's monitors are now used to monitor the health and fit"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-184", "ARC-SO-184", "Analyzers Measure Greenhouse Gasses, Airborne Pollutants", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Los Gatos Research Inc. of Mountain View, California, partnered with Ames Research Center to develop instrumentation for detecting signs of life in deep sea and deep space environments. This led the company to commercialize a range of highly accurate and sensitive analyzers for detecting pollutants "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-185", "ARC-SO-185", "Anti-Icing Formulas Prevent Train Delays", "transportation", "ARC", "Because an airplane must be snow- and ice-free to fly safely, researchers at Ames Research Center devised a solution that prevented ice from sticking to the surface. Midwest Industrial Supply Inc. of Canton, Ohio, licensed the technology for use in anti-icing products for train tracks and switches. "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-186", "ARC-SO-186", "Gigapixel Images Connect Sports Teams with Fans", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Technology developed at Ames Research Center to take high-resolution imagery on Mars is now being used in baseball stadiums across the country. New York City-based Major League Baseball Advanced Media LP customized the platform to accommodate in-game shots that capture nearly the whole stadium. Fans"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-187", "ARC-SO-187", "Web Solutions Inspire Cloud Computing Software", "computer technology", "ARC", "An effort at Ames Research Center to standardize NASA websites unexpectedly led to a breakthrough in open source cloud computing technology. With the help of Rackspace Inc. of San Antonio, Texas, the resulting product, OpenStack, has spurred the growth of an entire industry that is already employing"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-188", "ARC-SO-188", "Data Mining Tools Make Flights Safer, More Efficient", "transportation", "ARC", "A small data mining team at Ames Research Center developed a set of algorithms ideal for combing through flight data to find anomalies. Dallas-based Southwest Airlines Co. signed a Space Act Agreement with Ames in 2011 to access the tools, helping the company refine its safety practices, improve its"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-189", "ARC-SO-189", "Heat Shield Paves the Way for Commercial Space", "transportation", "ARC", "The Phenolic-Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) heat shield, a lightweight material designed to withstand high temperatures, was used for the Stardust reentry into Earth atmosphere. Hawthorne, California-based SpaceX later worked with the inventors at Ames Research Center to outfit PICA on its Dragon"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-19", "ARC-SO-19", "Carbon Monoxide Detector", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Beckman Instruments, Inc. has introduced another technical approach to pollution detection which was used aboard skylab. This technique, developed with Ames assistance is known as nondispersive infrared spectroscopy. Previous nondispersive analyzers could not selectively distinguish between water va"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-190", "ARC-SO-190", "Procedure-Authoring Tool Improves Safety on Oil Rigs", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Dark, cold, and dangerous environments are plentiful in space and on Earth. To ensure safe operations in difficult surroundings, NASA relies heavily on procedures written well ahead of time. Houston-based TRACLabs Inc. worked with Ames Research Center through the SBIR program to create an electronic"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-191", "ARC-SO-191", "Mars Technologies Spawn Durable Wind Turbines", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "To develop and test wind power technology for use on Mars, Ames Research Center turned to Northern Power Systems (NPS), based in Barre, Vermont. Ames awarded NPS an SBIR contract so the company could enhance their turbine function. Today, over 200 NASA-derived Northern Power 100s are in operation on"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-192", "ARC-SO-192", "Software Accelerates Computing Time for Complex Math", "computer technology", "ARC", "Ames Research Center awarded Newark, Delaware-based EM Photonics Inc. SBIR funding to utilize graphic processing unit (GPU) technology—traditionally used for computer video game—so develop high-computing software called CULA. The software gives users the ability to run complex algorithms on personal"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-193", "ARC-SO-193", "Vision Algorithms Catch Defects in Screen Displays", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Andrew Watson, a senior scientist at Ames Research Center, developed a tool called the Spatial Standard Observer (SSO), which models human vision for use in robotic applications. Redmond, Washington-based Radiant Zemax LLC licensed the technology from NASA and combined it with its imaging colorimete"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-194", "ARC-SO-194", "Liquid Cooling Technology Increases Exercise Efficiency", "health and medicine", "ARC", "To keep astronauts_ airtight spacesuits from becoming hot and humid, Ames Research Center developed liquid cooling garments that were integrated into each suit_s long underwear. Vasper Systems, in San Jose, California, is using the technology in its liquid-cooled compression cuffs, which help people"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-195", "ARC-SO-195", "Algae-Derived Dietary Ingredients Nourish Animals", "health and medicine", "ARC", "In the 1980s, Columbia, Maryland-based Martek Biosciences Corporation worked with Ames Research Center to pioneer the use of microalgae as a source of essential omega-3 fatty acids, work that led the company to develop its highly successful Formulaid product. Now the Nutritional Products Division of"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-196", "ARC-SO-196", "Vision Trainer Teaches Focusing Techniques at Home", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Based on work Stanford Research Institute did for Ames Research Center, Joseph Trachtman developed a vision trainer to treat visual focusing problems in the 1980s. In 2014, Trachtman, operating out of Seattle, released a home version of the device called the Zone-Trac. The inventor has found the bio"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-197", "ARC-SO-197", "Aircraft Geared Architecture Reduces Fuel Cost and Noise", "transportation", "ARC", "In an effort to increase fuel efficiency and reduce noise in commercial airplanes, NASA aeronautics teamed up with East Hartford, Connecticut-based Pratt & Whitney through a Space Act Agreement to help the company increase the efficiency of its turbofan engine. The company_s new PurePower line of en"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-198", "ARC-SO-198", "Remote Sensing Technologies Mitigate Drought", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Ames Research Center has partnered with the California Department of Water Resources to develop satellite-based technologies to mitigate drought conditions. One project aims to help water managers adjust their irrigation to match the biological needs of each crop, and another involves monitoring are"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-199", "ARC-SO-199", "Cloud Computing Technologies Facilitate Earth Research", "computer technology", "ARC", "Under a Space Act Agreement, NASA partnered with Seattle-based Amazon Web Services to make the agency's climate and Earth science satellite data publicly available on the company's servers. Users can access the data for free, but they can also pay to use Amazon's computing services to analyze and vi"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-200", "ARC-SO-200", "Rodent Research Contributes to Osteoporosis Treatments", "health and medicine", "ARC", "NASA has long worked to mitigate bone loss caused by visits to space. Ames Research Center worked with Amgen Inc., a Thousand Oaks, California-based biotechnology company, to test a series of new osteoporosis treatments on mice in microgravity, in the hopes of helping astronauts and the earthbound a"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-201", "ARC-SO-201", "Pressure Garments Save New Mothers’ Lives", "health and medicine", "ARC", "In the 1960s, Ames Research Center used an astronaut G-suit to successfully treat a woman suffering from post-obstetric hemorrhaging. Subsequent research showed that a noninflatable garment could effectively and more safely treat the condition. Suellen Miller, a professor of obstetrics and gynecolog"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-202", "ARC-SO-202", "NODE+ Platform Integrates Sensors with Smartphones", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "In 2007, George Yu helped Ames Research Center integrate a sensor for detecting dangerous gases and chemicals with a smartphone. Most of the design for the microprocessor, memory, communication protocol, back-end web structure, and data storage Yu developed under this NASA subcontract later appeared"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-203", "ARC-SO-203", "Precision Coffeemaker Adapts Brews to Beans, Taste", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "During four summer internships at NASA Research Park, part of Ames Research Center, Matt Walliser learned various skills related to building intelligent, autonomous robotic systems. Some of these, like proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and embedded communications, became central to "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-204", "ARC-SO-204", "Heat-Reflecting Material Regulates Body Temperature", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "In the 1990s, NASA was researching the feasibility of rocket planes to reduce the cost of launching payloads into space, and Protective Ceramic Coating Material, or PCCM, was developed as a heat shield for use during reentry. The versatile technology has since been licensed for a variety of uses, su"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-205", "ARC-SO-205", "Flock of Nanosatellites Provides a Daily Picture of Earth", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "While working at Ames Research Center, physicist Chris Boshuizen helped start the PhoneSat project, which aims to make satellites more affordable to build and launch without sacrificing performance. He took those same ideas with him when he cofounded San Francisco-based Planet Labs Inc. in 2011. The"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-206", "ARC-SO-206", "Buildings for Manipulating Magnetism Revolutionize Magnetometers", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "A pair of buildings where magnetism can be manipulated at Ames Research Center fell into disuse by the 1990s, but they piqued the interest of San Jose, California-based Geometrics Inc., which needed a test facility for its magnetometers, used to find magnetic anomalies in soil and water. The company"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-207", "ARC-SO-207", "Wide Area Thermal Imaging System Brings the Landscape into Focus", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "NASA has a number of imaging systems for finding fires, but none were capable of identifying small fires or indicating the flames_ intensity. Thanks to a series of SBIR contracts between Ames Research Center and Ypsilanti, Michigan-based Xiomas Technologies LLC, the Wide Area Imager aerial scanner d"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-208", "ARC-SO-208", "Photocatalytic Water Splitter Stores Energy as Hydrogen", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "When titania is exposed to ultraviolet light, it becomes a photocatalyst to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Only 4 percent of sunlight, however, is ultraviolet. Under two SBIR contracts with Ames Research Center, Nanoptek Corp., based in Concord, Massachusetts, grew titania crystals with such "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-209", "ARC-SO-209", "System-Health Monitor Predicts Failures before They Happen", "computer technology", "ARC", "In 2012 Phoenix-based CEMSol LLC licensed system-monitoring software from Ames Research Center. The program mines years_ worth of data samples from a given system to establish relationships between components, determine a baseline for normal behavior, and detect any deviation from that norm that mig"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-21", "ARC-SO-21", "Temperature Measurement Aid", "health and medicine", "ARC", "With new tool developed by Yellow Spring Instrument Co., it is possible to determine more accurately the physiological effects of strenuous exercise, particularly on the treadmill. Ames developed thermistor holder is a plastic ring with tab extensions on the chest, arm and leg of the patient undergo"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-210", "ARC-SO-210", "Open Source Tools Popularize Infrastructure for Cloud Computing", "computer technology", "ARC", "Shortly after software developers at Ames Research Center partnered with industry to create OpenStack, the world_s most popular open source cloud-computing platform, Canonical Ltd., an international organization with offices in Boston, incorporated the software into its Linux-based operating system "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-211", "ARC-SO-211", "Fluorescent Diagnostic Test Readers Offer Fast, Low-Cost Results", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Ames Research Center wanted a simple, lightweight device to diagnose astronauts_ illnesses within minutes. Los Angeles-based Holomic, now Cellmic LLC, was hired as a subcontractor to develop a device that used a smartphone to read results from a lateral flow test strip_the same technology as a home "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-212", "ARC-SO-212", "Cooling Garments Find New Medical, Athletic, and Industrial Uses", "health and medicine", "ARC", "In the 1960s and _70s, Bill Elkins worked with engineers at NASA and the Air Force, including several at Ames Research Center, on liquid cooling garments to be worn under spacesuits and flight suits. He has spun that experience off into several companies, including Downers Grove, Illinois-based WElk"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-213", "ARC-SO-213", "Design Software Shapes Future Sonic Booms", "transportation", "ARC", "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was hailed as a way to replace costly wind tunnel testing, but the software was time-consuming and itself costly to implement. Michael Aftosmis at Ames Research Center came up with a way to simplify and automate CFD processes. Desktop Aeronautics, now owned by Reno"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-214", "ARC-SO-214", "Software Opens Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Uninitiated", "transportation", "ARC", "Following a 1999 SBIR contract with Ames Research Center, Sukra Helitek Inc. released its Rot3DC program to model air flows generated by aircraft rotors. A series of additional NASA and military SBIR contracts for the Ames, Iowa-based company, including seven more from Ames, has resulted in RotCFD_s"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-215", "ARC-SO-215", "Blue-Light-Cancelling Lens Gives Skiers a Clearer View", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "In the 1990s, a scientist at Ames Research Center developed optical filters to block blue and green light, allowing other hues to stand out and making camouflaged objects more visible in forests. His work was later commercialized through a Space Act Agreement with NASTEK, which then partnered with W"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-216", "ARC-SO-216", "Building Sensor Monitors Power Usage, Device by Device", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Verdigris Technologies Inc. created a sensor that _listens_ to electronic signals as they pass through a circuit panel to determine how much power each device is using. Thanks to a nonreimbursable Space Act Agreement and testing at Ames Research Center_s Sustainability Base, the Moffett Field, Calif"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-217", "ARC-SO-217", "Earth Observation Spots, Helps Prevent Rainforest Fires", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "A partnership between NASA and Arlington, Virginia-based Conservation International let the company use funding from the Agency_s headquarters and the supercomputing power of the NASA Earth Exchange at Ames Research Center to upgrade, combine, and expand its fire alert and fire risk forecasting syst"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-218", "ARC-SO-218", "Mineral Analyzer Shakes Answers Out of Soil and Rocks", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "A small, rugged X-ray diffraction (XRD) tool, CheMin, went to Mars on the Curiosity rover, and one of its inventors, Philippe Sarrazin, started a company to sell devices based on the same technology. The final product incorporated SBIR-financed work as well as a license for a patent filed while Sarr"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-219", "ARC-SO-219", "Program Predicts Aerothermodynamics of Reentry, Subsonic Flight", "computer technology", "ARC", "An engineer at Ames Research Center created software called Configuration-Based Aerodynamics (CBAERO), capable of importing spacecraft models created with computer-aided design and predicting the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic forces they would experience during reentry. The program generates res"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-22", "ARC-SO-22", "Springback Foam", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Dentsply International commercialized Temper Foam which is an open-cell, flame-resistant foam with unique qualities. When employed as furniture cushioning it molds to conform to body shape, evenly distributing weight over the entire contact area for comfort and working efficiency. Material absorbs 9"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-220", "ARC-SO-220", "3D Weaving Technology Strengthens Spacecraft, Race Cars", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Seeking a new, structurally strong heat shielding material, Ames Research Center teamed up with high-tech 3D weaving company Bally Ribbon Mills. With seed money from Ames, they created a material that solved a challenging connection issue on the Orion_s heat shield. Development continued with additi"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-221", "ARC-SO-221", "Biometric Sensors Optimize Workouts", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Biometric sensors could give warnings when astronauts near a blackout while pulling heavy G-forces. LifeBeam founder Omri Yoffe and his team made a prototype of such a sensor when they won the opportunity to work with NASA personnel as part of a program run by Singularity University, which has a Spa"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-222", "ARC-SO-222", "Design Software Transforms How Commercial Jetliners Are Built", "transportation", "ARC", "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software that simulates aerodynamics has been a major boon to aircraft designers. NASA funded the creation of Pegasus 5, a preprocessor that greatly decreases the work necessary to prepare a design for CFD analysis. Ames Research Center took over the program and re"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-223", "ARC-SO-223", "Drone Traffic Forecasts Show Commercial Skies of the Future", "public safety", "ARC", "As Ames Research Center worked with the Federal Aviation Administration to craft regulations for future drone traffic, the team ran into a problem: it needed data on drone flights that wouldn’t exist until regulations were already in place. Under Ames SBIR contracts, Rockville, Maryland-based Intell"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-224", "ARC-SO-224", "Remote Sensing Technology Fights Forest Fires Smarter", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "A long-standing partnership between NASA and the U.S. Forest Service aims to help firefighting agencies make good use of advanced technology to better fight forest fires. One recent collaboration with researchers at Ames Research Center led to installing a digital downlink connection on the Forest S"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-225", "ARC-SO-225", "Micronutrient Formula Strengthens Plants, Increasing Yields", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Keeping astronauts healthy on long-duration space missions will require packing maximum nutrition into small packages. Boca Raton, Florida-based Zero Gravity Solutions Inc. developed one solution under Space Act Agreements including one with Ames Research Center, infusing extra micronutrients into p"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-226", "ARC-SO-226", "Chemical Simulation Software Predicts Climate Change, Air Quality", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Climate scientists use physical measurements coupled with computer models to observe what is happening across the entire planet over time. This requires supercomputers and can be very slow, especially for modeling chemical reactions. Baltimore-based ParaTools Inc., with SBIR funding through Ames Res"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-227", "ARC-SO-227", "Quake Hunter Maps a Century of Quakes Worldwide", "computer technology", "ARC", "Government agencies, companies, and individuals use the NASA-created World Wind software development kit, based on a virtual model of Earth developed at Ames Research Center, for many different purposes. In 2016, interns at Ames used it to create Quake Hunter, which charts every earthquake of the la"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-228", "ARC-SO-228", "Image-Analysis Software Sees Cancer in 3D", "health and medicine", "ARC", "NASA studies the physical effects of space travel, and that research benefits ground-based medical research as well. For a 2011 study on vascular changes in microgravity funded by Ames Research Center, lead researcher Ron Midura called on Image IQ, now owned by Philadelphia-based ERT, which develope"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-229", "ARC-SO-229", "Membranes Mimic Kidneys to Filter Water", "public safety", "ARC", "Aquaporin A/S, based in Copenhagen, Denmark, approached Ames Research Center in 2007 with a proposal to create filters by infusing membranes with aquaporins, the proteins that let water in and out of living cells. With Ames funding and testing and eight years of development, the company released und"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-230", "ARC-SO-230", "Detailed Spectrometry Makes Dangerous-Materials Testing Safer", "public safety", "ARC", "Mars rovers carry an instrument that can zap a sample with a laser and read its composition in the resulting flash. But this process can only identify molecules, not their isotopes, which would reveal more about a sample’s age, formation, and radioactivity. An Ames Research Center scientist set out "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-231", "ARC-SO-231", "Memory Foam Supports and Shapes in Women’s Apparel", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "The famous, and famously cushy, memory foam was invented for a 1960s Ames Research Center project to improve airline seating safety. A new foam cushion, made out of “temper foam,” did a remarkable job of absorbing impact. Today, the material, more commonly known as memory foam, is used in many comme"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-232", "ARC-SO-232", "Building-Monitoring System Provides Insights for Sustainability", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "When Ames Research Center built Sustainability Base, the “greenest” building in the Federal Government, it counted on producing more energy than it consumed. To monitor energy consumption and production, it turned to Ramon, California-based Integrated Building Solutions Inc., which, with help from A"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-233", "ARC-SO-233", "Carbon Capture Process Makes Sustainable Oil", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Palm oil, found in everything from soap to ice cream, is also a key driver of deforestation. Likewise, soybeans provide protein for fish and livestock but only at huge environmental cost. Now, San Francisco Bay Area-based Kiverdi offers a sustainable alternative: proteins and oils produced by bacter"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-234", "ARC-SO-234", "Emissive Coatings Cut Industrial Costs, Emissions, Fuel Consumption", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "A high-heat coating first developed for a planned Reusable Launch Vehicle now helps industrial plants save money and cut way down on harmful emissions. The Protective Coating for Ceramic Materials, created at Ames Research Center in the 1990s, can withstand temperatures up to 3,000 °F. Blacksburg, V"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-235", "ARC-SO-235", "Weight-Estimating Software Helps Design Urban Air Taxis", "transportation", "ARC", "Designing new concepts for aircraft opens a universe of uncertainty. One important detail is weight, which can be difficult to estimate on a brand-new design. Software built by Long Beach, California company M4 Engineering Inc., with help from SBIR funding from Ames and Langley research centers, as "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-236", "ARC-SO-236", "Virtual Airspace Hosts a Training Program for Air Traffic Managers", "transportation", "ARC", "Training air traffic controllers and managers to keep flights running smoothly in increasingly crowded skies is a key aspect of efforts to modernize the national airspace. That’s why Leesburg, Virginia-based Mosaic ATM built the COMETTS training platform, which simulates conditions—including flights"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-237", "ARC-SO-237", "Water-Powered Engines Offer Satellite Mobility", "transportation", "ARC", "Thrusters powered by electrolyzed water have been integral to NASA’s plans for deep-space exploration since the 1960s. With funding from SBIR contracts with Ames Research Center and through NASA’s Tipping Point solicitation, Tethers Unlimited Inc. of Bothell, Washington, has built the first practica"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-238", "ARC-SO-238", "AirMap Guides Drones toward Widespread Use", "public safety", "ARC", "Autonomous flying vehicles have incredible potential to change how we use the skies. But first we need a system to safely track them. Engineers at Ames Research Center envision a future where drone operators share trajectories and flight plans with each other, and onboard algorithms and sensors ensu"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-239", "ARC-SO-239", "Autonomous Drone Navigation System Ends Reliance on GPS", "public safety", "ARC", "When regulations are issued to allow self-piloted drones to fly beyond operators’ line of sight, one requirement will be that they be able to navigate without GPS. SBIR contracts from Ames Research Center funded one company’s development of a simultaneous localization and mapping system that can do "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-24", "ARC-SO-24", "Airborne Imagery", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "ATM was developed for NSTL by Daedalus Company. It offers expanded capabilities for timely, accurate and cost effective identification of areas with prospecting potential. A related system is TIMS, Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner. Originating from Landsat 4, it is also used for agricultural s"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-240", "ARC-SO-240", "Freeze-Dried Foods Nourish Adventurers and the Imagination", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Freeze-dried food is commonplace today, thanks in part to NASA, which helped innovate many of the modern techniques during early research into food preservation for space exploration. In particular, NASA’s advances made freeze-dried meals easier to rehydrate without boiling water. Capitalizing on th"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-241", "ARC-SO-241", "Data Visualization Platform Helps Missions Fly", "computer technology", "ARC", "Software designed at Ames Research Center helps mission controllers see at a glance what’s happening and when there’s a problem. The web-based platform, Open MCT, can display streaming and historical data, imagery, timelines, procedures, and other data visualizations and can be quickly configured an"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-242", "ARC-SO-242", "Electrostatic Discharge Training Improves Manufacturing Practices", "ip", "ARC", "The shock you might get when touching a doorknob is electrostatic discharge, and when you’re building sensitive electronics, it can wreak havoc. Goddard Space Flight Center’s Alvin Boutte and others across NASA devise and implement protocols to minimize electrostatic discharge. One tool that helps i"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-243", "ARC-SO-243", "Flying in the Fast Lane with Air Traffic Software", "transportation", "ARC", "Years of air traffic research conducted for NASA helped shape Metron Aviation's air traffic control software, which enables airports and private freight-carrying businesses to share flight data, track airplanes, predict weather impacts and find alternative flight paths."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-244", "ARC-SO-244", "NASA Investment in Small Businesses Helps Both Thrive", "", "ARC", "NASA's Small Business Innovation Research program funds early technology that shows promise for the Agency's missions and commercial markets. In recent years, this has included research on resilient materials for supersonic airplanes now being used for medical implants, funding for improved temperat"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-245", "ARC-SO-245", "In Cloud Computing, Open Source Becomes Big Business", "computer technology", "ARC", "NASA co-created the first open source cloud infrastructure, OpenStack, which companies like Red Hat have commercialized and built upon with other open source tools like the OpenShift platform. Open source cloud computing subsequently exploded across industries."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-246", "ARC-SO-246", "Artificial Intelligence for Astronauts Monitors Patients at Home", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Custom software was able to automate data collection from the space station, distributing it across NASA. Under exclusive license to Ejenta, that same program is now organizing and disseminating patient data for healthcare systems."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-247", "ARC-SO-247", "New Fluid Prevents Railway Ice", "public safety", "ARC", ""], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-249", "ARC-SO-249", "Scheduling Accessory Assists Patients with Cognitive Disorders", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Recom Technologies Inc. received initial funding from NASA to research the commercial potential of an artificially intelligent planning reaction model to serve as a tool to help individuals suffering from various forms and levels of brain impairment. In 1993, the chief of the Artificial Intelligence"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-25", "ARC-SO-25", "Gas Analyzer (1983)", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "A miniature gas chromatograph - a system which separates a gaseous mixture into its components and measures the concentration of the individual gases - was designed for the Viking Lander. The technology was further developed under National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and fun"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-250", "ARC-SO-250", "Multispectral Imaging Broadens Cellular Analysis", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Amnis Corporation, a Seattle-based biotechnology company, developed ImageStream to produce sensitive fluorescence images of cells in flow. The company responded to an SBIR solicitation from Ames Research Center, and proposed to evaluate several methods of extending the depth of field for its ImageSt"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-251", "ARC-SO-251", "Taking Out the Trash, NASA-Style", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "To test head-shield material for spacecraft, NASA developed high-heat plasma-arc technology. The research and patents – now expired – were published, and one company used them to create plasma enhanced melters that turn garbage into useful materials."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-252", "ARC-SO-252", "Debugging Code Is Rocket Science", "computer technology", "ARC", "Incorrect computer code can blow up rockets. So Ames Research Center developed software to evaluate any program written in C or C++ computer language. The open source code now saves businesses costly mistakes and ensures customer safety."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-254", "ARC-SO-254", "Using Nature’s R&D Lab", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "With early NASA funding and testing, a company incorporated nature’s water-filtering proteins into membranes. Now companies and researchers are trying them out for many applications, from wastewater treatment to dialysis."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-255", "ARC-SO-255", "Fiber Optics Feel the Heat", "computer technology", "ARC", "Spacecraft heat shields need to withstand incredible temperatures during atmospheric entry, and sensors to test these systems accurately need to be robust. STTR funding from NASA helped create better temperature-sensing technology, which is now showing promise for improving semiconductor manufacturi"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-256", "ARC-SO-256", "NASA Helps Drones Take Flight", "transportation", "ARC", "After working with engineers at NASA under a Space Act Agreement, Santa Monica, California-based Avision Inc. developed its own drone management app to help pilots navigate small drones in low-altitude airspace."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-257", "ARC-SO-257", "NASA Enlists Trees, Bacteria to Clean Up Earth", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "The use of symbiotic bacteria to help trees eliminate environmental contaminants got its first field test at a NASA center, leading to the formation of Moffett Field, California-based Intrinsyx Environmental. The company’s trees are now cleaning up pollution across the country."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-258", "ARC-SO-258", "NASA-born Software Keeps Cloud Traffic Moving", "computer technology", "ARC", "When NASA Ames needed to keep their computers from traffic jams, they developed a tool that’s seen decades of continued development from Altair Engineering of Troy, Michigan, helping companies and researchers make the most of cloud computing."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-259", "ARC-SO-259", "Plasma Improves 3D Electronics Printing", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "A new method of 3D printing electronics uses plasma to fine-tune the electronic properties of the print materials, or inks. It was developed by San Jose, California-based Space Foundry with NASA funding and help."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-26", "ARC-SO-26", "Fire Protection Materials", "public safety", "ARC", "Avco has drawn upon its heat shield experience to develop a number of widely-accepted commercial fire protection materials. Originating from NASA's space shuttle thermal protection system, one such material is Chartek 59 fireproofing, an intumescent epoxy coating specifically designed for outdoor us"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-260", "ARC-SO-260", "CubeSats Take a Bus into Space", "computer technology", "ARC", "CubeSats start with a hardware bus that houses and enables payloads. NASA Tipping Point funding for test flights informed the development of the Trestles bus sold by Irvine, California-based Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems Inc. Goddard Space Flight Center supports development of these technologies for "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-261", "ARC-SO-261", "'A Million Baby Steps'", "transportation", "ARC", "Fort Worth, Texas-based American Airlines gave NASA a wealth of information about everything from wait times and crew schedules to ground services. In return, the IADS system helped the airline save millions of gallons of jet fuel, preventing thousands of tons of carbon emissions."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-262", "ARC-SO-262", "Ending Tarmac Gridlock", "transportation", "ARC", ""], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-263", "ARC-SO-263", "Filling the Gaps", "transportation", "ARC", "Dallas-based Southwest Airlines tested and provided feedback on the IADS feature that enables airlines to review and revise flight routes and request changes. The opportunity to avoid restrictions that can cause delays contributes to more efficient operation, which translates into cost savings."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-265", "ARC-SO-265", "Temperature-Regulating Clothing Additive Heats Up", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "A highly emissive coating that NASA invented to protect the heat shield on a planned spaceplane in the 1990s was licensed and turned into the Emisshield product line. Now it’s been incorporated into textiles by Clean Textile Technology LLC of North Naples, Florida, under the brand name Trizar and im"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-266", "ARC-SO-266", "Spherical Robots to the Rescue", "public safety", "ARC", "Dr. Alice Agogino realized the spherical robots she was designing to comb planetary and lunar surfaces could also help first responders assess disaster scenes on Earth. She cofounded Berkeley, California-based Squishy Robotics Inc. to sell terrestrial versions the technology she was working on with "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-267", "ARC-SO-267", "Where the Wildfires Are", "public safety", "ARC", "Technosylva Inc.’s wildfire monitoring service combines Landsat Earth-observation data with other fire resources, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to predict, monitor, and support post-fire recovery. The San Diego-based company also uses other NASA fire data resources compiled by Ames R"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-27", "ARC-SO-27", "Improving Airline Safety", "public safety", "ARC", "Under a NASA-Ames Space Act Agreement, Coryphaeus Software and Simauthor, Inc., developed an Aviation Performance Measuring System (APMS). This software, developed for the aerospace and airline industry, enables the replay of Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) data in a flexible, user-configurable,"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-270", "ARC-SO-270", "Levelling the Pond", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Utah State University in Logan developed an online tool that identifies degraded streams most likely to benefit from the introduction of beavers. The project benefited from a NASA grant and uses data from satellites built at Goddard Space Flight Center."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-271", "ARC-SO-271", "Buck-Toothed Ecosystem Engineers", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Tracking the success of beaver-enabled stream restoration projects is easier with the open-source program built by Boise State University in Idaho. Partly funded by a NASA grant, the tool also uses data from satellites built at Goddard Space Flight Center."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-272", "ARC-SO-272", "Space Tech Gives Treadmill Users a ‘Boost’", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Boost Treadmills of Palo Alto, California, is the second company cofounded by the son of a former Ames Research Center employee to capitalize on a concept his father developed for exercise in space and then modified for use on Earth as an antigravity treadmill."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-273", "ARC-SO-273", "Launch, Return, Repeat", "transportation", "ARC", "After attending a NASA Technology Transfer Program Startup Studio, Canopy Aerospace entered into a Space Act Agreement with the Ames Research Center to learn how to manufacture the thermal protection tiles used on the space shuttles. The Littleton, Colorado-based company helps commercial space compa"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-274", "ARC-SO-274", "Intelligent Machines Remove Humans from the Loop", "computer technology", "ARC", "Machine-to-Machine Intelligence Corporation of Tiburon, California, operates an automated, secure, ground-based global communications network. The technology started with a Space Act Agreement and Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, both from Ames Research Center."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-276", "ARC-SO-276", "New Insulation to Benefit Many Industries", "transportation", "ARC", "With SBIR funding from Glenn Research Center and other NASA field centers, Quest Thermal Group developed a more uniform, effective, structurally sound take on traditional multilayer insulation and refined it into several specialized versions for different applications. These insulators will also be "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-277", "ARC-SO-277", "Weaving Data Fabric with AI", "computer technology", "ARC", "Through a Space Act Agreement with NASA Ames Research Center, Autonomy Association International of Mountain View, California, developed an artificial intelligence platform that is used by industrial customers today and air taxis of the future."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-278", "ARC-SO-278", "Handbag Made from NASA Research", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "The manufacturing process for a fungi-based leather alternative from Hydefy, a brand from Nature’s Fynd in Chicago, benefited from Small Business Innovation Research funding from NASA Ames Research Center."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-279", "ARC-SO-279", "Search for Life Helps the Search for Oil", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "To bolster development of sensors for exploring alien worlds, NASA provided SBIR funding to Impossible Sensing to improve spectroscopic sensors, which are now used to help oil companies explore deposits and increase yields."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-28", "ARC-SO-28", "Grid Work", "computer technology", "ARC", "Pointwise Inc.'s, Gridgen Software is a system for the generation of 3D, multiple block, structured grids. Gridgen is a visually-oriented, graphics-based interactive code used to decompose a 3D domain into blocks, distribute grid points on curves, initialize and refine grid points on surfaces and in"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-280", "ARC-SO-280", "NASA ‘Arms’ Astronauts, Industry with Robotic Intelligence", "computer technology", "ARC", "With help from SBIR funding from Johnson Space Center, PickNik Robotics of Boulder, Colorado, developed and refined its MoveIt Pro robotic automation software and then worked with roboticists in Johnson’s Integrated Mobile Evaluation Testbed for Robotics Operations facility to prove the software’s f"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-281", "ARC-SO-281", "Greens Grow in Circles", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "After working on research funded by Ames Research Center into growing plants indoors, the founders of Anu used what they learned to develop a system to aeroponically grow fruits and veggies."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-282", "ARC-SO-282", "Drone Company Makes It Rain Forests", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "At Ames Research Center, Lauren Fletcher learned about building hardware around plant and animal biology. Later, he applied those lessons to create seedball-launching drones that are helping to reforest the planet, including at his latest company, Flying Forests of Reno, Nevada."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-283", "ARC-SO-283", "Lorem Ipsum", "computer technology", "ARC", ""], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-3", "ARC-SO-3", "Visualizing Progress", "computer technology", "ARC", "Reality Capture Technologies, Inc. is a spinoff company from Ames Research Center. Offering e-business solutions for optimizing management, design and production processes, RCT uses visual collaboration environments (VCEs) such as those used to prepare the Mars Pathfinder mission. The product, 4-D R"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-30", "ARC-SO-30", "An Instrumental Innovation", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "Kaman Music Corporation is a subsidiary of Kaman Corporation, a diversified company originally formed to develop and build helicopters. Charles H. Kaman, the company's president and founder, and a guitarist of professional caliber, reasoned that vibration-dampening technology could be turned around "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-31", "ARC-SO-31", "New Life for the Cable Cars", "public safety", "ARC", "San Francisco's Municipal Railway's century-old cable car system is being modernized, and NASA is participating in the rejuvenation program. NASA Ames Research Center's major recommendations involved ways of extending cable life in the interest of safety and economy. Other recommendations included r"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-32", "ARC-SO-32", "Solving a Corrosion Problem", "public safety", "ARC", "Golden Gates Transit Authority's ferries were experiencing excessive corrosion due to electrolysis, which, unchecked, could have caused perforation of the hulls. New wire-and-rod grounding system was made of aluminum like the ferry's hull so there would be no longer dissimilar metals in contact. Ame"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-33", "ARC-SO-33", "Liquid Cooled Garments", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Astronauts working on the surface of the moon had to wear liquid-cooled garments under their space suits as protection from lunar temperatures which sometimes reach 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Fifteen year-old Karen MacKenzie was confined to bed or ice baths for several years due to a disease known as b"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-34", "ARC-SO-34", "Cable Tester", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "NASA Tech Brief's provided Sonics Associates, Inc. with a method of saving many hours of testing time and money. James B. Cawthon, Sonics Vice-President, read about a device developed at Ames Research Center. Sonics adapted the device and produced an effective tester that uses a clocked shift regist"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-35", "ARC-SO-35", "A Virtual World of Visualization", "computer technology", "ARC", "In 1990, Sterling Software, Inc., developed the Flow Analysis Software Toolkit (FAST) for NASA Ames on contract. FAST is a workstation-based modular analysis and visualization tool. It is used to visualize and animate grids and grid-oriented data, typically generated by finite-difference, finite ele"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-36", "ARC-SO-36", "Safer Pleasure Boats", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Flamarest\" coating developed by Avco Corporation for NASA to protect fuel lines and tanks is sprayed on the interior of polyester boat hull in commercial application. About 30 mils of the coating prevented structural damage to hull during test in which a 13 minute interior gasoline fire was started."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-37", "ARC-SO-37", "New Cure for Medical Errors", "health and medicine", "ARC", "In May 2000, senior officials of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and NASA signed an agreement that would commit the two agencies to create the Patient Safety Reporting System (PSRS) to report: events or situations that could have resulted in accident, injury, or illness, but did not, ei"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-38", "ARC-SO-38", "Virtually Out of This World!", "computer technology", "ARC", "Ames Research Center granted Reality Capture Technologies (RCT), Inc., a license to further develop NASA's Mars Map software platform. The company incorporated NASA's innovation into software that uses the Virtual Plant Model (VPM)T to structure, modify, and implement the construction sites of indus"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-39", "ARC-SO-39", "A Cool Tool for Deicing Planes", "public safety", "ARC", "Nicknamed the ice zapper the Electro Expulsive Separation System (EESS) is an aircraft ice removal system that pulverizes ice and removes layers of ice as thin as frost or as thick as an inch of glaze according to the principle inventor of the technology. Patented by NASA's Ames Research Center, the"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-4", "ARC-SO-4", "Go With the Flow", "computer technology", "ARC", "Based on work begun in the 1970s, Analytical Methods, Inc. (AMI) developed computation fluid dynamics (CFD) technology called VSAERO. VSAERO can image aerodynamic flows and has been used in a number of unique designs such as the U.S. sailboat used in the 1996 America's Cup, solar automobiles, and so"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-40", "ARC-SO-40", "Real World Audio", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Crystal River Engineering was originally featured in Spinoff 1992 with the Convolvotron, a high speed digital audio processing system that delivers three-dimensional sound over headphones. The Convolvotron was developed for Ames' research on virtual acoustic displays. Crystal River is a now a subsid"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-41", "ARC-SO-41", "Anti-hassle Chip", "computer technology", "ARC", "With assistance from NASA's Ames Research Center, the iTV Corporation has developed a full custom microprocessor that enables access to the Internet through a $49 device. The microprocessor is supported with a compliment of design tools for customization and adaptation as either a licensable core or"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-42", "ARC-SO-42", "Window Insulation", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Standard Packaging Corp. along with NASA assistance developed nunsun, a thin metallized film adhesively bonded to windows of homes, office buildings, schools, industrial plants and other facilities. The film, originally used in Echo and Skylab, reflects sun's heat and glare outwards thereby cutting "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-43", "ARC-SO-43", "High-Tech, Low-Temp Insulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Under an SBIR contract with Ames, S.D. Miller & Associates developed new manufacturing methods for multi-layer metal spacecraft insulation that could significantly reduce launch weight and launch costs. The new honeycomb structure is more efficient than fibers for insulation. Honeycombs can be made "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-44", "ARC-SO-44", "Better Brakes", "transportation", "ARC", "Through continuing studies on high-temperature space materials useful for better brake linings, Bendix Corporation worked with Ames Research Center to develop a novel composite. This team worked to fabricate several combinations of composite materials and evaluated results. The one selected increase"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-45", "ARC-SO-45", "Brain Pressure Monitoring", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Konigsberg Instrument Co. worked with Ames to produce an Intercranial Monitor (ICP). Brain damage is largely attributable to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Both medical and surgical techniques exist for controlling ICP but there is widespread need for accurate and continuous information on t"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-46", "ARC-SO-46", "Versatile Padding", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Dynamic Systems, Inc. started after NASA-Ames scientists began work on a padding concept in 1968. They were looking for a better airplane seat. They found a new foam material that today has all kinds of additional applications including wheelchairs, x-ray table pads, off road vehicle seats, ski boot"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-47", "ARC-SO-47", "Power Play—Laser Style", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "Under a NASA SBIR SDL, Inc., has developed the TC40 Single-Frequency Continuously Tunable 500 mw Laser Diode System. This is the first commercially available single frequency diode laser system that offers the broad tunability and the high powers needed for atomic cooling and trapping as well as a v"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-48", "ARC-SO-48", "Entrepreneurial Aspirations", "computer technology", "ARC", "Recom Technologies, Inc., was established in 1980 by Jack Lee, a former NASA contractor. After forming the new company, Recom was awarded NASA contracts, which eventually grew to 50 percent of the company's business. Two companies have spun-off from Recom, both of which have their basis in NASA tech"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-49", "ARC-SO-49", "Coating Plastic Lenses", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "Bell & Howell Company (at their own expense) arranged to work with an Ames Research Center scientist to learn NASA's technique of plasma polymerization. Plastic is easily formed into aspherical surfaces and compound lenses are made from plastics of different refractive indexes. Plastic lenses are in"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-5", "ARC-SO-5", "Batching System for Superior Service", "computer technology", "ARC", "Veridian's Portable Batch System (PBS) was the recipient of the 1997 NASA Space Act Award for outstanding software. A batch system is a set of processes for managing queues and jobs. Without a batch system, it is difficult to manage the workload of a computer system. By bundling the enterprise's com"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-50", "ARC-SO-50", "Heart Sonar Images", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Stanford University cardiologists, with the help of Ames engineers, have validated the operation of the echo-cardioscope to monitor cardiac functions of astronauts in flight. This device forms images of internal structures using high-frequency sound. The instrument is compact, lightweight, portable,"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-51", "ARC-SO-51", "Shock Absorbing Helmets", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Protective Products commercialized helmets used by Little League football players. These helmets offer a new level of protection because they have three times the shock absorbing capacity of earlier types. Key to shock reduction is an interior padding of Temper Foam, first used in aircraft seats. Li"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-52", "ARC-SO-52", "Foam Cushioning", "health and medicine", "ARC", "One innovation developed by a contractor at Ames Research Center was an open cell polymeric foam material with unusual properties. Intended as padding for aircraft seats the material offered better impact protection against accidents, and also enhanced passenger comfort because it distributed body w"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-53", "ARC-SO-53", "Liquid Cooled Garment", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Liquid-cooled bra aids in detection of cancer using technique known as infrared thermography. Water flowing through tubes in bra cools the skin surface to improve resolution of thermograph image. Cancerous tissue recovers from cooling faster than normal tissue because of increased blood flow charact"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-54", "ARC-SO-54", "New Help for the Sightless (Optacon)", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Telesensory manufactured a device which allows blind people to read anything. Derived from NASA technology, the Optacon works by passing a mini-camera over a printed page with right hand, the left hand senses a vibrating image of the letters the camera is viewing. Optacon allows the blind to read al"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-55", "ARC-SO-55", "Plasma Heating: An Advanced Technology", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "The Mercury and Apollo spacecraft shields were designed to protect astronauts from high friction temperatures (well over 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit) when re-entering the Earth's atmosphere. It was necessary to test and verify the heat shield materials on Earth before space flight. After exhaustive res"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-57", "ARC-SO-57", "Infant Transport Monitoring", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Medical experts say infant's survival frequently depends on efficient transport management and enroute care. With Telecare's pediatric monitoring and transport system, baby is under constant direct and remote supervision throughout the trip. This technology was first used for monitoring astronauts i"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-58", "ARC-SO-58", "Strain Gage", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "ARC", "HITEC Corporation developed a strain gage application for DanteII, a mobile robot developed for NASA. The gage measured bending forces on the robot's legs and warned human controllers when acceptable forces were exceeded. HITEC further developed the technology for strain gage services in creating tr"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-59", "ARC-SO-59", "Reborn Sabreliner", "transportation", "ARC", "Raisbeck Mark Five Sabreliner 60A is a modernized, higher performance version of the Sabreliner business jet designed more than 20 years ago. Rockwell decided to update the design to incorporate NASA's computational fluid dynamics technology, thereby insuring continuing production of a competitive n"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-6", "ARC-SO-6", "Stress-detection Lenses", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "An Ames Research Center scientist invented an infrared lens used in sunglasses to filter out ultraviolet rays. This product finds its origins in research for military enemy detection. Through a Space Act Agreement, Optical Sales Corporation introduced the Hawkeye Lenses not only as sunglasses but as"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-60", "ARC-SO-60", "Spinoff from a Mooncraft Technology", "public safety", "ARC", "Avco Specialty Materials' Chartek III fireproofing provides longterm fire protection for structural steel in high risk industrial applications such as structural conduits, pipes and valves of offshore platforms, and storage tanks used in hydrocarbon processing industry. In the presence of fire, Char"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-61", "ARC-SO-61", "Space Data for Crop Management", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "CROPIX, Inc., formed in 1984 by Frank Lamb, president of the Eastern Oregon Farming Company, monitors primarily potato crops in a 20,000 square mile area of northern Oregon and central Washington. Potatoes are a high value specialty crop that can be more profitable to the farmer if he has advance kn"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-62", "ARC-SO-62", "Forest Fire Observation", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Conditions on the perimeter of a forest fire can be obtained by use of airborne remote sensing techniques demonstrated by Ames Research Center. An Ames U-2 high-altitude survey aircraft served as an aerial fire observation system. Equipped with two types of sensors, the U-2 produces real-time infrar"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-63", "ARC-SO-63", "Spinoff from a Moonsuit", "", "ARC", "Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia refers to the absence of sweat glands which allow body heat to escape. Children with the disease become overheated quickly and suffer from a number of related afflictions. Several have been assisted by Life Support Systems, Inc., a NASA spinoff company which manufac"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-64", "ARC-SO-64", "Biofeedback for Better Vision", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Biofeedtrac, Inc.'s Accommotrac Vision Trainer, invented by Dr. Joseph Trachtman, is based on vision research performed by Ames Research Center and a special optometer developed for the Ames program by Stanford Research Institute. In the United States, about 150 million people are myopes (nearsighte"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-65", "ARC-SO-65", "Breaking the Ice", "public safety", "ARC", "Electro-Expulsive Separation System, a low power electro-thermal deicer, was invented by Leonard A. Haslim from the Ames Research Center, who was named 1988 NASA Inventor of the Year for his work. Sold under license by Dataproducts New England, Inc., it consists of an elastic, rubberlike deicer boot"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-66", "ARC-SO-66", "Computer Reader for the Blind", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Optacon II uses the same basic technique of converting printed information into a tactile image as did Optacon. Optacon II can also be connected directly to a personal computer, which opens up a new range of job opportunities for the blind. Optacon II is not limited to reading printed words, it can "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-67", "ARC-SO-67", "Jetliner Alert Systems", "public safety", "ARC", "NASA research and design has significantly improved crew alert systems. The Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS), developed by Psycho-Linguistic Research Associates, is technologically advanced and able to order alerts by priority. Ames has also developed computer controlled voice synt"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-68", "ARC-SO-68", "Bone Analyzer", "health and medicine", "ARC", "The danger of disuse osteoporosis under weightless condition in space led to extensive research into measurements of bone stiffness and mass by the Biomedical Research Division of Ames and Stanford University. Through its Technology Utilization Program, NASA funded an advanced SOBSA, a microprocesso"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-69", "ARC-SO-69", "Medical Training Aid", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Dr. Steven S. Saliterman developed his Dynacath Critical Care Patient Simulator as a training system for medical personnel involved in critical care management and hemodynamic monitoring. The system incorporates NASA simulation technology and allows hospitals and medical manufacturers to conduct tra"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-7", "ARC-SO-7", "Software of Seismic Proportions Promotes Enjoyable Learning", "computer technology", "ARC", "Jack Sculley, a former researcher at Ames Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and Apple, Inc.'s and LucasFilm Ltd.'s multimedia labs, and Terry Brooks, a former public information officer at JPL and an Emmy award-winning documentary film producer, founded Seismic Entertainment in 1"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-70", "ARC-SO-70", "A New Continent of Ideas", "computer technology", "ARC", "While a new technology called virtual reality\" is still at the \"ground floor\" level one of its basic components 3D computer graphics is already in wide commercial use and expanding. Other components that permit a human operator to \"virtually\" explore an artificial environment and to interact with it"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-71", "ARC-SO-71", "Cooling Vest", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Because quadriplegics are unable to perspire below the level of spinal injury, they cannot tolerate heat stress. A cooling vest developed by Ames Research Center and Upjohn Company allows them to participate in outdoor activities. The vest is an adaptation of Ames technology for thermal control garm"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-72", "ARC-SO-72", "A Boon for Bone Research", "health and medicine", "ARC", "NASA studies for astronaut health in long-term space missions led to the development of the Mechanical Response Tissue Analyzer (MRTA), a research tool for astronaut disuse, osteoporosis and related bone disorders among the general population. Ames Research Center and Stanford University generated a"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-73", "ARC-SO-73", "Subsurface Mapping", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Target areas for sinking base holes, underground pipelines, etc., can be identified with the assistance of NASA Ames developed technology, by Airborne Pipeline Services, Inc. Subsurface features are computer processed; the system can cover 250 miles a day and was first developed by Applied Science, "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-74", "ARC-SO-74", "Reusable Surface Insulation", "transportation", "ARC", "Advanced Flexible Reusable Surface Insulation, developed by Ames Research Center, protects the Space Shuttle from the searing heat that engulfs it on reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. Initially integrated into the Space Shuttle by Rockwell International, production was transferred to Hi-Temp Insu"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-75", "ARC-SO-75", "Personal Cooling System", "public safety", "ARC", "Cool Head, a personal cooling system for use in heat stress occupations, is a spinoff of a channeled cooling garment for space wear. It is portable and includes a heat exchanger, control display unit, liquid reservoir and temperature control unit. The user can eliminate 40 to 60 percent of his body'"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-76", "ARC-SO-76", "Temper Foam", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Fabricated by Expanded Rubber & Plastics Corporation, Temper Foam provides better impact protection for airplane passengers and enhances passenger comfort on long flights because it distributes body weight and pressure evenly over the entire contact area. Called a memory foam\" it matches the contour"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-77", "ARC-SO-77", "Flight Simulation", "public safety", "ARC", "Advanced Rotorcraft Technology, (ART), Mountain View, CA, developed FLIGHTLAB, a design/analysis tool and pilot simulation system for rotary wing aircraft, based on a research project conducted by ART, the Army Aerodynamics Directorate and Ames Research Center on using parallel processing in simulat"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-78", "ARC-SO-78", "Performance Testing", "public safety", "ARC", "Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, CA, developed an electronic Critical Tracking Task (CTT) system that analyzes and rates a subject's visual/motor responses for Ames Research Center. Originally applied to measuring the effects of long term confinement in the mid 1960's, the CTT system is now mark"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-79", "ARC-SO-79", "Signal Isolators", "public safety", "ARC", "The City of Dubuque, Iowa's new Water Division computer system was experiencing failures of the analog inputs ranging from signals out of tolerance by more than 30 percent to intermittent and sometimes complete loss of signals. The problem stemmed from a lack of signal isolation of the analog input "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-8", "ARC-SO-8", "Forty-Year-Old Foam Springs Back With New Benefits", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Four decades after its emergence, the world has come to realize that there are no bounds to temper foam's benefits. Though the rights to the technology have been shared amongst various manufacturers, the original product-maker, Dynamic Systems, Inc., is still going strong, pushing temper foam into n"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-80", "ARC-SO-80", "Airline Crew Training", "public safety", "ARC", "The discovery that human error has caused many more airline crashes than mechanical malfunctions led to an increased emphasis on teamwork and coordination in airline flight training programs. Human factors research at Ames Research Center has produced two crew training programs directed toward more "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-81", "ARC-SO-81", "New Help for MS Patients", "health and medicine", "ARC", "The Mark VII MicroClimate Medical Personal Cooling system enables multiple sclerosis' victims, as well as cerebral palsy, spinabifida patients and others to lower their body temperatures. Although this is not a cure, cooling can produce a dramatic improvement in symptoms. The Multiple Sclerosis Asso"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-82", "ARC-SO-82", "Talking Wheelchair", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Communication is made possible for disabled individuals by means of an electronic system, developed at Stanford University's School of Medicine, which produces highly intelligible synthesized speech. Familiarly known as the talking wheelchair\" and formally as the Versatile Portable Speech Prosthesis"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-83", "ARC-SO-83", "Aircraft Design Software", "computer technology", "ARC", "Successful commercialization of the AirCraft SYNThesis (ACSYNT) tool has resulted in the creation of Phoenix Integration, Inc. ACSYNT has been exclusively licensed to the company, an outcome of a seven year, $3 million effort to provide unique software technology to a focused design engineering mark"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-84", "ARC-SO-84", "Portable Gas Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "The Michromonitor M500 universal gas analyzer contains a series of miniature modules, each of which is a complete gas chromatograph, an instrument which separates a gaseous mixture into its components and measures the concentrations of each gas in the mixture. The system is manufactured by Microsens"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-85", "ARC-SO-85", "Control Software", "computer technology", "ARC", "Real-Time Innovations, Inc. (RTI) collaborated with Ames Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Stanford University to leverage NASA research to produce ControlShell software. RTI is the first graduate\" of Ames Research Center's Technology Commercialization Center. The ControlShell syste"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-86", "ARC-SO-86", "A Coating That Cools and Cuts Costs", "industrial productivity", "ARC", "To enable low-cost space access for advanced exploration vehicles, Ames Research Center invented and patented a protective coating for ceramic materials (PCCM) in 1994. Wessex received a license for PCCM in 1996 and initially applied it to building materials for firewall applications. Through furthe"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-87", "ARC-SO-87", "Gearing Up for the Big Game...and More", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Honored as an inductee of the U.S. Space Foundation's Space Technology Hall of Fame and recognized by the American Astronautical Society as one of the true fathers of the space suit Bill Elkins spent years conducting extensive research on clothing technology for hostile environments while he worked "], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-88", "ARC-SO-88", "Remote Sensing Spinoff", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "Delta Data Systems Inc., founded by ex-NASA engineers, used ELAS, a COSMIC-provided computer program for processing remotely sensed data as a starting point for its development of ATLAS. ATLAS is used to process satellite and aircraft data, to digitize soil topographic maps, and to generate land use"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-89", "ARC-SO-89", "Gas Analyzer (1989)", "environment and resource management", "ARC", "The M200 originated in the 1970's under an Ames Research Center/Stanford University contract to develop a small, lightweight gas analyzer for Viking Landers. Although the unit was not used on the spacecraft, it was further developed by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-9", "ARC-SO-9", "Inertial Motion-Tracking Technology for Virtual 3-D", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "NASA uses virtual reality technology for a variety of purposes, mostly training of astronauts and has funded a great deal of virtual reality research.. A graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Eric Foxlin, was conducting research in virtual reality systems when he came up wit"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-90", "ARC-SO-90", "Sunglass Lens", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Foster Grant's Space Technology Lens, manufactured under license from NASA, combines NASA technology with Foster Grant's own technology. The NASA contribution was a highly abrasion-resistant coating developed at Ames Research Center as a means of protecting plastic surfaces of aerospace equipment fr"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-91", "ARC-SO-91", "Physical Therapy Machine", "health and medicine", "ARC", "Loredan Biomedical, Inc.'s LIDO, a computerized physical therapy system, was purchased by NASA in 1985 for evaluation as a Space Station Freedom exercise program. In 1986, while involved in an ARC muscle conditioning project, Malcom Bond, Loredan's chairman, designed an advanced software package for"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-92", "ARC-SO-92", "Crawling Aid", "health and medicine", "ARC", "The Institute for the Achievement of Human Potential developed a device known as the Vehicle for Initial Crawling (VIC); the acronym is a tribute to the crawler's inventor, Hubert Vic\" Vykukal; is an effective crawling aid. The VIC is used by brain injured children who are unable to crawl due to the"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-93", "ARC-SO-93", "Solving the Hidden Line\" Problem\"", "computer technology", "ARC", "David Hedgley Jr., a mathematician at Dryden Flight Research Center, has developed an accurate computer program that considers whether a line in a graphic model of a three dimensional object should or should not be visible. The Hidden Line Computer Code, program automatically removes superfluous lin"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-94", "ARC-SO-94", "Suitcase Communicator", "computer technology", "ARC", "A joint development of Ames Research Center and General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY has produced a portable communications system designed to relay messages over long distances by satellite. It consists of a collapsible antenna and computerized transceiver, and a terminal for sending and recei"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-95", "ARC-SO-95", "Drunk Driver Testing", "public safety", "ARC", "Systems Technology, Inc. developed a technique to study/measure behavioral changes brought on by long term isolation is now being used in a system for determining whether a driver is too drunk to drive. Device is intended to discourage intoxicated drivers from taking to the road by advising them the"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-96", "ARC-SO-96", "Space Technology for Deepwater Divers", "public safety", "ARC", "Can-Dive Services Ltd.'s Newtsuit offers several features that the Canadian company feels will attract divers and their employers. Although it is a hard shell armored suit, it is a relatively light 400 pounds made of aluminum. Future Newtsuits may be made of carbon fiber composite material that is l"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-97", "ARC-SO-97", "Cool Suit", "public safety", "ARC", "Acurex developed a heat stress alleviating, liquid cooled helmet liner for military pilots after a series of accidents in Vietnam suggested heat exhaustion as the cause. System pumped a cooled liquid through channels in the helmet liner proved effective in eliminating 40-60% of stored body heat."], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-98", "ARC-SO-98", "Balance System", "health and medicine", "ARC", "TherEx Inc.'s AT-1 Computerized Ataxiameter precisely evaluates posture and balance disturbances that commonly accompany neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Complete system includes two-strain gauged footplates, signal conditioning circuitry, a computer monitor, printer and a stand-alone til"], ["spinoff", "ARC-SO-99", "ARC-SO-99", "Thermoelectric Products", "consumer/home/recreation", "ARC", "Instead of bulky coils and compressors used in conventional refrigeration systems, UST design engineers drew on thermo-electric technology. UST's precision temperature chambers (PTC's) feature small thermoelectric modules that measure not much more than 1 square inch and operate on unique phenomenon"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-026", "DFRC-SO-026", "Fiber Optics Deliver Real-Time Structural Monitoring", "industrial productivity", "DFRC", "To alter the shape of aircraft wings during flight, researchers at Dryden Flight Research Center worked on a fiber optic sensor system with Austin-based 4DSP LLC. The company has since commercialized a new fiber optic system for monitoring applications in health and medicine, oil and gas, and transp"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-029", "DFRC-SO-029", "Flight Controller Software Protects Lightweight Flexible Aircraft", "transportation", "DFRC", "Lightweight flexible aircraft may be the future of aviation, but a major problem is their susceptibility to flutter_uncontrollable vibrations that can destroy wings. Armstrong Flight Research Center awarded SBIR funding to Minneapolis, Minnesota-based MUSYN Inc. to develop software that helps progra"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-030", "DFRC-SO-030", "Open Source Initiative Powers Real-Time Data Streams", "environment and resource management", "DFRC", "Under an SBIR contract with Dryden Flight Research Center, Creare Inc. developed a data collection tool called the Ring Buffered Network Bus. The technology has now been released under an open source license and is hosted by the Open Source DataTurbine Initiative. DataTurbine allows anyone to stream"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-031", "DFRC-SO-031", "Unmanned Research Aircraft Test Cutting-Edge Innovations", "transportation", "DFRC", "Many of NASA_s aeronautical advances go through testing with unmanned experimental aircraft before they see any commercial flight time. Armstrong Flight Research Center awarded multiple SBIR contracts to Kennesaw, Georgia-based Area-I Inc. for the development of a medium-range, narrow-body, twinjet "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-031--597a6f63", "DFRC-SO-031", "Hydraulic Carts Streamline Structural Tests for Aircraft", "transportation", "DFRC", "Aircraft hydraulic testing facilities can be jungles of hoses, wires, and pipes. When replacing its hydraulic system, the Flight Loads Laboratory at Armstrong Flight Research Center significantly reduced the miles of connections by hiring East Aurora, New York-based Moog Inc. to develop a series of "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-033", "DFRC-SO-033", "Virtual Reality Platform Helps Pilots Land in the Sky", "public safety", "DFRC", "A pilot can practice landing on a virtual runway in the air, thanks to a Fused Reality platform built by Hawthorne, California-based Systems Technology Inc. SBIR contracts from Armstrong Flight Research Center helped the company turn a ground-based system first developed by the Air Force into an in-"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-034", "DFRC-SO-034", "Battery Innovations Power All-Electric Aircraft", "transportation", "DFRC", "One major challenge to developing all-electric aircraft—safely delivering enough power to the motors—got a boost from industry, California-based Electric Power Systems. The company used funding from Armstrong Flight Research Center to develop a new technique to safely package thousands of off-the-sh"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-037", "DFRC-SO-037", "Test Rockets Prepare for Distant Landings", "transportation", "DFRC", "Needing to test space landing systems on Earth, NASA funded a small startup, Masten Space Systems, based in Mojave, California, to develop a rocket-powered testing platform that now supports the aerospace industry."], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-038", "DFRC-SO-038", "Flying (Not Quite) Blind", "transportation", "DFRC", "Commercial helicopters now use the video switcher developed by Van Nuys, California-based Eon Instrumentation Inc. to meet Langley Research Center specifications. It enables the X-59 supersonic test plane to switch between two video feeds in milliseconds and also supports simultaneous recording of b"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-039", "DFRC-SO-039", "From Shark Searches to Space Tours", "transportation", "DFRC", "Aurora Flight Sciences incorporates NASA expertise gained through multiple Armstrong Flight Research Center SBIR contracts to develop technology that enables remote piloting of conventional small planes. The Manassas, Virginia-based company also designs and tests remotely piloted vehicles, in additi"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-040", "DFRC-SO-040", "Giving Sensors Good Optics", "public safety", "DFRC", "When Armstrong Flight Research Center needed a way to make temperature measurements over wide surfaces, it developed algorithms to create a flight-ready fiber-optic sensor. Sensuron of Austin, Texas, licensed the algorithms to manufacture its own fiber-optic sensing platforms."], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-1", "DFRC-SO-1", "Emission Testing", "transportation", "DFRC", "Nitrous oxide emissions readings vary with relative humidity in the test facility. EPA uses standard humidity measurement, but allows manufacturers to test under different humidity conditions. They apply a correction factor to adjust the results to the EPA standard. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Cen"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-10", "DFRC-SO-10", "Streamlined Livestock Trailer", "transportation", "DFRC", "Bull Nose livestock trailer, manufactured by American Trailer, Inc. is one of a line of highway transport vehicles manufactured by American Trailers, Inc. The slant side front end is a streamlining feature based on a NASA Research Program which investigated the aerodynamic characteristics of trailer"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-11", "DFRC-SO-11", "Business Jets", "transportation", "DFRC", "Learjet Inc.'s Learjet 31 and Learjet 55C both feature NASA developed winglets, nearly vertical extensions of the wing designed to reduce fuel consumption and generally improve airplane's performance. Winglets are lifting surfaces designed to operate in the vortex or air whirlpool that occurs at an "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-12", "DFRC-SO-12", "Solving the Hidden Line\" Problem\"", "computer technology", "DFRC", "David Hedgley Jr., a mathematician at Dryden Flight Research Center, has developed an accurate computer program that considers whether a line in a graphic model of a three dimensional object should or should not be visible. The Hidden Line Computer Code, program automatically removes superfluous lin"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-14", "DFRC-SO-14", "Heat Flux Sensor", "public safety", "DFRC", "A heat flux microsensor developed under a NASP Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) has a wide range of potential commercial applications. Vatell Corporation originally designed microsensors for use in very high temperatures. The company then used the technology to develop heat flux sensors to "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-15", "DFRC-SO-15", "New Sensor Gaining Interest on Industry Radar Screen", "industrial productivity", "DFRC", "Radatec, a designer, manufacturer, and implementer of sensor systems for monitoring combustion-zone components in turbine engines, was formed in 2001 to commercialize the patented radio frequency vibrometer technology from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). In readying the technolog"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-16", "DFRC-SO-16", "Improving Communications Systems", "industrial productivity", "DFRC", "The Space Shuttle has many communications systems which are used throughout a typical mission. Given that the radio spectrum has become increasingly congested, the ability to hear extremely weak signals requires greater receiver sensitivity. Dryden Flight Research Center approached Angle Linear, a m"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-17", "DFRC-SO-17", "Aerodynamics Research Revolutionizes Truck Design", "transportation", "DFRC", "During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers at Dryden Flight Research Center conducted numerous tests to refine the shape of trucks to reduce aerodynamic drag and improved efficiency. During the 1980s and 1990s, a team based at Langley Research Center explored controlling drag and the flow of air around"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-18", "DFRC-SO-18", "Advanced Air Data Systems for Commercial Aircraft", "transportation", "DFRC", "NASA has been working with Ophir Corporation, of Littleton, Colorado, since 1985 on a variety of remote optical sensing projects. Most of this work has been in the form of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants. In the 1990s, Ophir's work with NASA shifted from the weather-related sensors "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-19", "DFRC-SO-19", "Harnessing the Power of the Sun", "environment and resource management", "DFRC", "The Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) Alliance was created in 1994 and operated for 9 years as a NASA-sponsored coalition of 28 members from small companies, government, universities, and nonprofit organizations. ERAST's goal was to foster development of remotely piloted "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-2", "DFRC-SO-2", "Good Vibrations", "industrial productivity", "DFRC", "A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) sponsorship from NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, assisted MetroLaser, of Irvine, California, in the development of a self-aligned laser vibrometer system. VibroMet, capable of measuring surface vibrations in a variety of industries, provides informat"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-20", "DFRC-SO-20", "Hybrid Modeling Improves Health and Performance Monitoring", "computer technology", "DFRC", "Scientific Monitoring Inc. was awarded a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) project by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center to create a new, simplified health-monitoring approach for flight vehicles and flight equipment. The project developed a hybrid physical model concept that provi"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-21", "DFRC-SO-21", "Winglets Save Billions of Dollars in Fuel Costs", "transportation", "DFRC", "The upturned ends now featured on many airplane wings are saving airlines billions of dollars in fuel costs. Called winglets, the drag-reducing technology was advanced through the research of Langley Research Center engineer Richard Whitcomb and through flight tests conducted at Dryden Flight Resear"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-22", "DFRC-SO-22", "Sensor Systems Collect Critical Aerodynamics Data", "transportation", "DFRC", "With the support of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Dryden Flight Research Center, Tao of Systems Integration Inc. developed sensors and other components that will ultimately form a first-of-its-kind, closed-loop system for detecting, measuring, and controlling aerodynamic f"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-24", "DFRC-SO-24", "Modeling Programs Increase Aircraft Design Safety", "transportation", "DFRC", "Partnering with Dryden Flight Research Center through the SBIR program, ZONA Technology Inc. of Scottsdale, Arizona, developed innovative tools for addressing a key safety concern during aircraft design. The company is also working on a cost-effective alternative to wind tunnel testing through anoth"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-25", "DFRC-SO-25", "Fly-by-Wire Systems Enable Safer, More Efficient Flight", "transportation", "DFRC", "Using the ultra-reliable Apollo Guidance Computer that enabled the Apollo Moon missions, Dryden Flight Research Center engineers, in partnership with industry leaders such as Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Draper Laboratory, demonstrated that digital computers could be used to fly aircraft. Digital "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-3", "DFRC-SO-3", "The Center of Attention", "computer technology", "DFRC", "New Hampshire-based Creare, Inc. used a NASA SBIR contract with Dryden to develop middleware\" known commercially as DataTurbine. DataTurbine acts as \"glueware\" allowing communication between dissimilar computer platforms and analysis storage and acquisition of shared data. DataTurbine relies on Ring"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-4", "DFRC-SO-4", "A Measurable Difference — Bridge Versus Loop", "industrial productivity", "DFRC", "Trig-Tek, Inc.'s Model 251A ACL-8 Anderson Current Loop Conditioner is an eight channel device designed to condition variable-resistant senor signals from Strain Gage and RTD's. It uses NASA's patented ACL technology instead of the classic wheatstone bridge. The electronic measurement circuit delive"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-5", "DFRC-SO-5", "Lightning Protection", "public safety", "DFRC", "An airplane's wingtip tank is being struck by simulated lightning in a test conducted by Lightning Technologies, Inc., a firm specializing in design features to protect aircraft from the hazard of electrical phenomena. Much of the technology employed in tests originated in NASA-sponsored studies foc"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-6", "DFRC-SO-6", "Hight Temperature Strain Gauges", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "DFRC", "Technology developed by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center was incorporated into new high-temperature strain gages produced by Hitec Corporation. Technology provides method of compensating for erroneous strain measurements caused by expansion of metals at high temperatures. The Dryden system devel"], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-7", "DFRC-SO-7", "Mining for Data", "computer technology", "DFRC", "AbTech Corporation used an F-18 HARV simulation developed by NASA to create an interactive computer-based prototype of the MQ SV tool. Dryden Flight Research Center provided support to develop, test, and rapidly reprogram the validation function. AbTech's ModelQuest Enterprises highly automated and "], ["spinoff", "DFRC-SO-8", "DFRC-SO-8", "Motion of a Moving Object", "transportation", "DFRC", "SpaceAge Control, Inc., was established in 1968 to design, develop and manufacture pilot protection devices in support of space-based and high-performance test aircraft programs. In 1970, the company was awarded a NASA contract to produce, precision, small-format position transducers for aircraft fl"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-1", "GRC-SO-1", "Apparel for Cleaner Clean Rooms", "health and medicine", "GRC", "In the 1960's NASA pioneered contamination control technology, providing a base from which aerospace contractors could develop control measures. NASA conducted special courses for clean room technicians and supervisors, and published a series of handbooks with input from various NASA field centers. "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-10", "GRC-SO-10", "New Technology Sparks Smoother Engines and Cleaner Air", "transportation", "GRC", "Automotive Resources, Inc. (ARI) has developed a new device for igniting fuel in engines-the SmartPlug.T SmartPlug is a self-contained ignition system that may be retrofitted to existing spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. The SmartPlug needs as little as six watts of power for warm-up,"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-100", "GRC-SO-100", "Reducing the Time and Cost of Testing Engines", "transportation", "GRC", "To reduce the extensive time and cost of producing new aircraft engines, NASA's Glenn Research Center collaborated with the aerospace industry and academia to develop its Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) for the analysis and design of aerospace propulsion systems and components. NPSS ge"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-101", "GRC-SO-101", "Solar Heating Equipment", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Solar Unlimited, Inc.'s suncatcher line includes a variety of solar arrays, derived from NASA's satellite program: water heating only, partial home heating, or water and whole house central heating. Solar Unlimited developed a set of vigorous requirements to avoid problems common to solar heating te"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-102", "GRC-SO-102", "Improving the Flow", "computer technology", "GRC", "NASA's Glenn Research Center formed an industry-government team with several jet engine companies to develop the National Combustion Code (NCC). The code helps aerospace engineers solve complex aerodynamics and combustion problems in gas turbine, rocket, and hypersonic engines. A Space Act Agreement"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-103", "GRC-SO-103", "Composites for Lighter Structures", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "PMR-15, a high temperature polyimide resin, was developed at Lewis in response to the need for a resin capable of withstanding higher temperatures. This was necessary to expand composite applications into high temperature situations. When graphite fiber was impregnated with the resin, the lighter ma"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-104", "GRC-SO-104", "Bringing in the Reinforcements", "transportation", "GRC", "WebCore Technologies utilized Glenn Research Center's Ballistic Impact Facility to develop and commercialize its fiber-reinforced foam technology known as TYCOR.R The foam composite is WebCore Technologies' answer for a lightweight, low-cost sandwich panel that offers superior structural performance"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-105", "GRC-SO-105", "Understanding Fire Through Improved Technology", "public safety", "GRC", "Researchers from NASA's Microgravity Combustion program at Glenn Research Center needed a laser capable of high sensitivity trace gas detection at unique wavelengths as part of their work to measure fire behaviors. NASA granted Southwest Sciences, Inc., a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-106", "GRC-SO-106", "Gear Drive Testing", "computer technology", "GRC", "Philadelphia Gear Corporation used two COSMIC computer programs; one dealing with shrink fit analysis and the other with rotor dynamics problems in computerized design and test work. The programs were used to verify existing in-house programs to insure design accuracy by checking its company-develop"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-107", "GRC-SO-107", "Nacelle Design", "computer technology", "GRC", "Rohr Industries, Inc. specializes in the manufacturing of nacelles, thrust reversers, and other engine components, has made use of the COSMIC program in nacelle work for aircraft like the McDonnell Douglas DC-10, the French/German Airbus and the Boeing 727, 737 and 747 jetliners. They also manufactu"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-108", "GRC-SO-108", "Turbine Blade Research", "computer technology", "GRC", "Under contract with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, GE's Energy Systems Programs Department used a COSMIC program in assessing the problem of blade erosion in a PFB (pressurized fluid bed) environment. Data provided by this program and an associated program enabled the "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-109", "GRC-SO-109", "Motor Controllers", "transportation", "GRC", "Kollmorgen Corporation's Mermaid II two person submersible is propeller-driven by a system of five DC brushless motors with new electronic controllers that originated in work performed in a NASA/DOE project managed by Lewis Research Center. A key feature of the system is electric commutation rather "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-11", "GRC-SO-11", "Rhenium Redefined", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract with NASA's Glenn Research Center, Rhenium Alloys, Inc., of Elyria, Ohio, developed a new method for producing rhenium combustion chambers. Using room temperature isostatic pressing, Rhenium Alloys, Inc., compacted rhenium powder to a high"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-110", "GRC-SO-110", "The Stirling Project", "transportation", "GRC", "Stirling Engine's advanced technology engine offers multiple advantages, principal among them reduced fuel consumption and lower exhaust emissions than comparable internal combustion auto engines, plus multifuel capability. Stirling can use gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, jet fuel, alcohol, methano"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-111", "GRC-SO-111", "Clean Room Apparel", "health and medicine", "GRC", "American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC), Baxter Healthcare Corporation's predecessor, used the NASA informational base on contamination control technology to improve industrial contamination control technology. When a study determined that microscopic body particles escaping through tiny windows"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-112", "GRC-SO-112", "Turbocharged Diesels", "transportation", "GRC", "In a number of feasibility studies of turbine rotor designs, engineers of Cummins Engine Company, Inc.'s turbocharger group have utilized a computer program from COSMIC. Part of Cummins research effort is aimed toward introduction of advanced turbocharged engines that deliver extra power with greate"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-113", "GRC-SO-113", "Power Supply Unit", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "The Cuk DC to DC Switching Converter was developed by Caltech Professors, Slobodan Cuk and R. D. Middlebrook. The converter changes unsuitable dc voltage into one or more voltages suitable for powering electronic equipment; it can also be used in converting dc current to ac and vice versa. It was na"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-114", "GRC-SO-114", "Sports Training", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Practitioners of martial arts have long seen a need for a precise method of measuring the power of a karate kick or a boxer's punch in training and competition. Impax sensor is a piezoelectric film less than one thousandth of an inch thick, yet extremely durable. They give out a voltage impulse when"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-116", "GRC-SO-116", "Traffic Monitor", "public safety", "GRC", "Intelligent Vision Systems, Inc. (InVision) needed image acquisition technology that was reliable in bad weather for its TDS-200 Traffic Detection System. InVision researchers used information from NASA Tech Briefs and assistance from Johnson Space Center to finish the system. The NASA technology us"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-117", "GRC-SO-117", "Cool Software for Hot Materials", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Deformation Control Technology, Inc. (DCT) used a NASA SBIR contract to develop a computer modeling system for evaluating thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) beforehand. Traditional tests of TBCs required Burner Rig tests, which involved the actual application of a coating to a surface. DCT's software r"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-118", "GRC-SO-118", "Fuel Cells for Society", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Through a SBIR contract with Lewis Research Center, ElectroChem, Inc. developed a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell. The objective for Lewis Research Center's collaboration with ElectroChem was to develop a fuel cell system that could deliver 200-W (minimum) approximately to 10kWh of electrical energy."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-119", "GRC-SO-119", "Efficient, Multi-Scale Designs Take Flight", "computer technology", "GRC", "The HyperSizerR Structural Sizing Software is a design, analysis, and documentation tool that increases productivity and standardization for a design team. Based on established aerospace structural methods for strength, stability, and stiffness, it designs on the micro scale, considering the individ"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-12", "GRC-SO-12", "Personal Beacon", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "The MicroPLB (personal locater beacon) is a search and rescue satellite-aided tracking (SARSAT) transmitter. When activated it emits a distress signal to a constellation of internationally operated satellites. The endangered person's identity and location anywhere on Earth is automatically forward t"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-120", "GRC-SO-120", "Multiplying Electrons With Diamond", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "NASA's Dr. Gerald Mearini, Dr. Isay Krainsky, and Dr. James Dayton discovered that laboratory-grown diamond films can produce up to 45 electrons from a single incident electron. Having built an electron multiplier prototype at NASA, Mearini started his own company, GENVAC, to develop diamond structu"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-121", "GRC-SO-121", "Wear Measurement System", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Lewis Research Center developed a tribometer for in-house wear tests. Implant Sciences Corporation (ISC), working on a NASA contract to develop coatings to enhance the wear capabilities of materials, adapted the tribometer for its own use and developed a commercial line of user-friendly systems. The"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-122", "GRC-SO-122", "Helping Aircraft Engines Lighten Up", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "The Polymers Branch at NASA's Glenn Research Center develops high-temperature polyimide/carbon fiber matrix composites. These materials can withstand high temperatures and have good processing properties, which make them particularly useful for jet and rocket engines. Applying polyimide composites a"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-123", "GRC-SO-123", "Rehabilitation Tool", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Biotran, or Fastex as named by Cybex, the company that manufactures it, is a force sensing system that helps physicians and physical therapists treat people with movement deficiencies. Based on NASA sensor technology, it also has applications in sports training and evaluation. Biotran provides a mea"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-125", "GRC-SO-125", "Going Places No Infrared Temperature Devices Have Gone Before", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "In 2002, NASA's Glenn Research Center approached Exergen with a simple request to modify the company's product line, reducing the size of its sensors. The outcome led to the development of a family of top-notch IRt/c devices that are pushing production line performance to record highs. Glenn was see"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-126", "GRC-SO-126", "Superconducting Materials", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "After working with Lewis Research Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Superconducting Technologies, Inc. (STI) adapted NASA requirements and refined its own standard production recipe. STI uses high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials in its basic products: high quality thin films, circuit"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-127", "GRC-SO-127", "Liquid Crystals", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Thermochromic liquid crystals, or TLCs, are a type of liquid crystals that react to changes in temperature by changing color. The Hallcrest/NASA collaboration involved development of a new way to visualize boundary layer transition in flight and in wind tunnel testing of aircraft wing and body surfa"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-128", "GRC-SO-128", "A Giant Step in Jetliner Propulsion", "transportation", "GRC", "GE Aircraft's GE90 is a high bypass turbofan jetliner engine capable of well over 84,700 pounds thrust. The turbofan is a propulsion system that compresses some of the air taken in, burns it in a combuster and expells it to generate power for driving the fan and compressor. A greater amount of air b"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-129", "GRC-SO-129", "Design Tool", "transportation", "GRC", "Developed under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, RAMPANT is a CFD software package for computing flow around complex shapes. The package is flexible, fast and easy to use. It has found a great number of applications, including computation of air flow around a Nordic ski jumper, "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-13", "GRC-SO-13", "Designing Cool Components", "computer technology", "GRC", "A NASA SBIR contract served as the beginning for the development of Daat Research Corporation's Coolit software. Coolit is a unique computational fluid dynamics (CFD) application aimed at thermal and cooling design problems. Coolit can generate 3-D representations of the thermofluid environment and "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-130", "GRC-SO-130", "Surface Enhancement Improves Crack Resistance", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "The low plasticity burnishing (LPB) process produces a deep layer of surface compression in a quick and affordable manner to produce metal surfaces free of scratches, nicks, and gouges. The process, designed for easy inclusion in the manufacturing environment, can be performed with conventional Comp"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-131", "GRC-SO-131", "Deicing and Anti-Icing Unite", "public safety", "GRC", "With funding from Glenn's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, Cox & Company, Inc., built an ice protection system that combines thermal anti-icing and mechanical deicing to keep airfoils (wings and other lifting surfaces) clear of ice. Cox's concept was to combine an anti-icing system"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-132", "GRC-SO-132", "Corporate Jet", "transportation", "GRC", "Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, GA, used a version of a NASA program called WIBCO to design a wing for the Gulfstream IV (G-IV) which will help to reduce transonic drag (created by shock waves that develop as an airplane approaches the speed of sound). The G-IV cruises at 88 percent of t"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-133", "GRC-SO-133", "The Ferrofluids Story", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "GRC", "A new Ferrofluidics exclusion seal promises improvement in controlling \"fugitive emissions\" - vapors that escape into the atmosphere from petroleum refining and chemical processing facilities. These are primarily volatile organic compounds, and their emissions are highly regulated by the EPA. The fe"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-134", "GRC-SO-134", "Power Switching Device", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "The MOS-Controlled Thyristor is a new type of power switching device for faster and more efficient control and management of power electronics. It enables power electronic switching at frequencies of 50 to 100 thousand times a second with much lower power losses than other semiconductor devices. Adv"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-136", "GRC-SO-136", "A \"Tread\" Ahead of the Competition", "transportation", "GRC", "Through a consortium formed by NASA's Glenn Research Center and the Great Lakes Industrial Technology Center, Goodyear acquired a software use agreement for NASA's Micromechanics Analysis Code (MAC), in an effort to design stronger and safer tires. Based on the Generalized Method of Cells micromecha"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-137", "GRC-SO-137", "Powering the Future", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Stirling Technology Company (STC) developed the RG-350 convertor using components from separate Goddard Space Center and U.S. Army Natick SBIR contracts. Based on the RG-350, STC commercialized a product line of Stirling cycle generator sets, known as RemoteGen,T with power levels ranging from 10We "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-138", "GRC-SO-138", "Thermal Barrier Coatings", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "In order to reduce heat transfer between a hot gas heat source and a metallic engine component, a thermal insulating layer of material is placed between them. This thermal barrier coating is applied by plasma spray processing the thin films. The coating has been successfully employed in aerospace ap"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-139", "GRC-SO-139", "Engine Lubricant", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "PS 212, a plasma-sprayed coating developed by NASA, is used to coat valves in a new rotorcam engine. The coating eliminates the need for a liquid lubricant in the rotorcam, which has no crankshaft, flywheel, distributor or water pump. Developed by Murray United Development Corporation, it is a rotar"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-14", "GRC-SO-14", "Giving Bigger Satellites a Boost", "transportation", "GRC", "Ultramet, Inc. has spurred a new process for producing rocket engine thrust chambers, through SBIR funding and the Glenn Research Center. High-temperature oxidation-resistant thruster materials are being produced in order to achieve high-temperature capability without sacrificing reliability. These "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-140", "GRC-SO-140", "Sensor Validation Software", "public safety", "GRC", "Under a Small Business Innovation Research contract from Lewis Research Center, Expert Microsystems, Inc. developed SureSense, real-time sensor data validation software. This ultra-reliable control and sensing system product was produced through a partnership in 1994 between Expert Microsystems and "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-141", "GRC-SO-141", "Putting Fuel Cells to the Test", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "The fuel cell test equipment was invented by Lynntech in the early-to-mid 1990s, with funding for design, fabrication, and testing stemming from a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research contract with NASA's Glenn Research Center. Glenn awarded the company the SBIR with the intent of utilizing t"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-142", "GRC-SO-142", "Carbon Fiber Composites", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "HyCompR, Inc. developed a line of high temperature carbon fiber composite products to solve wear problems in the harsh environment of steel and aluminum mills. WearCompR, self-lubricating composite wear liners and bushings, combines carbon graphite fibers with a polyimide binder. The binder, in conj"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-143", "GRC-SO-143", "Ion Generators", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Kaufman thrusters or electron bombardment thrusters, were developed for a spacecraft electric propulsion technique called ion propulsion. The technique, conceived by a Lewis Research Center engineer, is used by industry to etch microcircuits for electronic systems and deposition of thin films as coa"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-144", "GRC-SO-144", "Paint Analysis", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Lewis Research Center (LEW) has assisted The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) in analyzing the museum's paintings. Because of the many layers of paint that are often involved, this is a complex process. The cross-section of a paint chip must be scanned with a microscope to determine whether a paint lay"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-146", "GRC-SO-146", "Smart Test Machines", "computer technology", "GRC", "Vern Wedeven, president of Wedeven Associates, developed the WAM4, a computer-aided smart\" test machine for simulating stress on equipment based on his bearing lubrication expertise gained while working for Lewis Research Center. During his NASA years from the 1970s into the early 1980s Wedeven init"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-147", "GRC-SO-147", "Engine Coatings", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Increasing the operating temperature of turbine engines reduces fuel consumption and increases engine efficiency. However, engine components must be protected from excessive heat. Lewis Research Center has successfully developed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which are deposited on the components."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-148", "GRC-SO-148", "Analysis Software", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "General Purpose Boundary Element Solution Technology (GPBEST) software employs the boundary element method of mechanical engineering analysis, as opposed to finite element. It is, according to one of its developers, 10 times faster in data preparation and more accurate than other methods. Its use re"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-149", "GRC-SO-149", "Computational Modeling Develops Ultra-Hard Steel", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center's Mechanical Components Branch developed a spiral bevel or face gear test rig for testing thermal behavior, surface fatigue, strain, vibration, and noise; a full-scale, 500-horsepower helicopter main-rotor transmission testing stand; a gear rig that allows fundamental studies o"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-15", "GRC-SO-15", "Getting a Grip on Grid Generation", "computer technology", "GRC", "GridPro is an automatic, object-oriented, multi-block grid generator that provides ease of use, high quality, rapid production, and parametric design. When paired with a 3-D graphic user interface called az-Manager, GridPro presents users with an extremely efficient, interactive capability to build "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-150", "GRC-SO-150", "Deicing System Protects General Aviation Aircraft", "transportation", "GRC", "Kelly Aerospace Thermal Systems LLC worked with researchers at Glenn Research Center on deicing technology with assistance from the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. Kelly Aerospace acquired Northcoast Technologies Ltd., a firm that had conducted work on a graphite foil heating elem"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-151", "GRC-SO-151", "Thin, Light, Flexible Heaters Save Time and Energy", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "The Icing Branch at NASA's Glenn Research Center uses the Center's Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) and Icing Research Aircraft to research methods for evaluating and simulating the growth of ice on aircraft, the effects that ice may have on aircraft in flight, and the development and effectiveness of va"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-152", "GRC-SO-152", "Thermoelectric Devices Advance Thermal Management", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Thermoelectric (TE) devices heat, cool, and generate electricity when a temperature differential is provided between the two module faces. In cooperation with NASA, Chico, California-based United States Thermoelectric Consortium Inc. (USTC) built a gas emissions analyzer (GEA) for combustion researc"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-153", "GRC-SO-153", "Infrared Imaging Sharpens View in Critical Situations", "public safety", "GRC", "Innovative Engineering and Consulting (IEC) Infrared Systems, a leading developer of thermal imaging systems and night vision equipment, received a Glenn Alliance for Technology Exchange (GATE) award, half of which was in the form of additional NASA assistance for new product development. IEC Infrar"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-154", "GRC-SO-154", "Corrosive Gas Restores Artwork, Promises Myriad Applications", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Atomic oxygen's unique characteristic of oxidizing primarily hydrogen, carbon, and hydrocarbon polymers at surface levels has been applied in the restoration of artwork, detection of document forgeries, and removal of bacterial contaminants from surgical implants. The Electro-Physics Branch at Glenn"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-155", "GRC-SO-155", "Food Supplement Reduces Fat, Improves Flavor", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Diversified Services Corporation, seeking to develop a new nutritional fat replacement and flavor enhancement product, took advantage of the NASA Glenn Garrett Morgan Commercialization Initiative (GMCI) for technology acquisition and development and introductions to potential customers and strategic"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-156", "GRC-SO-156", "Getting the Bigger Picture With Digital Surveillance", "computer technology", "GRC", "Through a Space Act Agreement, Diebold, Inc., acquired the exclusive rights to Glenn Research Center's patented video observation technology, originally designed to accelerate video image analysis for various ongoing and future space applications. Diebold implemented the technology into its AccuTrac"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-157", "GRC-SO-157", "Hydrogen Sensors Boost Hybrids; Today’s Models Losing Gas?", "transportation", "GRC", "NASA endeavored to improve propellant leak-detection capabilities during assembly, pre-launch operations, and flight to reduce the operational cost of assembling and maintaining hydrogen delivery systems with automated detection systems. Efforts focused on developing an automated hydrogen leak detec"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-158", "GRC-SO-158", "Polyimide Boosts High-Temperature Performance", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Maverick Corporation, of Blue Ash, Ohio, licensed DMBZ-15 polyimide technology from Glenn Research Center. This ultrahigh-temperature material provides substantial weight savings and reduced machining costs compared to the same component made with more traditional metallic materials. DMBZ-15 has a w"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-159", "GRC-SO-159", "Continuously Connected With Mobile Internet Protocol", "computer technology", "GRC", "Cisco Systems developed Cisco Mobile Networks, making IP devices mobile. With this innovation, a Cisco router and its connected IP devices can roam across network boundaries and connection types. Because a mobile user is able to keep the same IP address while roaming, a live IP connection can be mai"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-16", "GRC-SO-16", "Scratch-Resistant Lenses", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Lewis Research Center developed a process for achieving diamond-hard coatings for aerospace systems. The technique involves coating the material with a film of diamond-like carbon (DLC) using direct ion deposition. An ion generator creates a stream of ions from a hydrocarbon gas source; the carbon i"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-160", "GRC-SO-160", "Sensors Increase Productivity in Harsh Environments", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "California's San Juan Capistrano-based Endevco Corporation licensed three patents covering high-temperature, harsh-environment silicon carbide (Si-C) pressure sensors from Glenn Research Center. The company is exploring their use in government markets, as well as in commercial markets, including com"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-161", "GRC-SO-161", "Water-Based Coating Simplifies Circuit Board Manufacturing", "computer technology", "GRC", "The Polymers Branch at Glenn Research Center's extensive knowledge of polyimide chemistry and its expertise in the synthesis of ultraviolet light curable polyimides was the critical component that allowed Advanced Coatings International, of Akron, Ohio, to prototype the platform chemistry for a poly"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-162", "GRC-SO-162", "Novel Process Revolutionizes Welding Industry", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center, Delphi Corporation, and the Michigan Research Institute entered into a research project to study the use of Deformation Resistance Welding (DRW) in the construction and repair of stationary structures with multiple geometries and dissimilar materials, such as those NASA might "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-163", "GRC-SO-163", "Paper-Thin Plastic Film Soaks Up Sun to Create Solar Energy", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "In November 1989, Glenn Research Center awarded Iowa Thin Film Technologies with a $50,000 Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to research the potential for a lightweight and flexible thin film solar cell that uses amorphous silicon as a semiconductor source, for air and space"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-164", "GRC-SO-164", "Microspheres in Plasma Display Panels", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "When Microsphere Systems, Inc. (MSI), of Ypsilanti, Michigan, and Imaging Systems Technology, Inc. (IST), of Toledo, Ohio, were trying to push the limits of plasma displays but were having difficulty with the designs, NASA's Glenn Garrett Morgan Commercialization Initiative (GMCI) assembled key pers"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-165", "GRC-SO-165", "Structural Analysis Made ‘NESSUSary’", "computer technology", "GRC", "In 1984, NASA initiated the Probabilistic Structural Analysis Methods (PSAM) project at Glenn Research Center to develop analysis methods and computer programs for the probabilistic structural analysis of select engine components for current Space Shuttle and future space propulsion systems. NASA en"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-166", "GRC-SO-166", "Washing Away the Worries About Germs", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Microcide was introduced to NASA through the Glenn Research Center-sponsored Garrett Morgan Commercialization Initiative (GMCI), a program for small, minority- and woman-owned businesses that can benefit from NASA resources. As a result of this meeting, Microcide was welcomed to join the NASA Food T"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-167", "GRC-SO-167", "Making the Most of Waste Energy", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "According to Unitel Technologies, each and every day, all around the world, an incalculable amount of energy is wasted and literally blown into the atmosphere through power plant smokestacks and industrial and commercial heating systems. In an effort to recover and transform low-temperature waste he"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-168", "GRC-SO-168", "Battery Technology Stores Clean Energy", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Headquartered in Fremont, California, Deeya Energy Inc. is now bringing its flow batteries to commercial customers around the world after working with former Marshall Space Flight Center scientist, Lawrence Thaller. Deeya's liquid-cell batteries have higher power capability than Thaller's original d"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-169", "GRC-SO-169", "The Cutting Edge of High-Temperature Composites", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "By working with Glenn Research Center and Marshall Space Flight Center, Hyper-Therm HTC was able to further develop and optimize its composite technology for government and commercial aerospace, plus commercial industrial applications. This technology has been folded into everything from hypersonic "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-17", "GRC-SO-17", "Solar Hot Water Heater", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Lennox Industries, Inc. along with NASA developed the solar panels that are part of domestic hot water heater capable of up to 100 percent of home or small business hot water needs. Key to solar collector's efficiency is a black chrome coating on the plate developed for use on spacecraft which preve"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-170", "GRC-SO-170", "Designing It Smart With SIV", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Digital Interface Systems (DIS), Inc., acquired an exclusive license to market Glenn Research Center's Stereo Imaging Velocimetry (SIV), the world's first 3-D, full-field quantitative and qualitative analysis tool to investigate flow velocities. SIV's applications range from improving the aerodynami"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-172", "GRC-SO-172", "Cost-Cutting Powdered Lubricant", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center developed a high-temperature, solid lubricant coating material that is saving the manufacturing industry millions of dollars. It was developed as a shaft coating deposited by thermal spraying to protect foil air bearings used in oil-free turbomachinery, lik"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-173", "GRC-SO-173", "Popping a Hole in High-Speed Pursuits", "transportation", "GRC", "Plum Brook Station's test facilities and NASA's engineering experience were combined to improve a family of tire deflating devices (TDDs) that helps law enforcement agents safely, simply, and successfully stop fleeing vehicles with impromptu roadblocks during high-speed pursuits. Phoenix Internation"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-174", "GRC-SO-174", "Secure Networks for First Responders and Special Forces", "public safety", "GRC", "In early 2000, Glenn Research Center asked Western DataCom Co., Inc., to develop an IP router so that NASA could better secure its communications with orbiting satellites. This was part of NASA's IP in Space\" initiative which looked to employ commercial off-the-shelf products to support reliable fas"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-175", "GRC-SO-175", "Going End to End to Deliver High-Speed Data", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "While searching for opportunities to run proof-of-concept tests on a new router/switch optical memory storage system, Access Optical encountered a team of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) researchers at NASA's Glenn Research Center. These researchers saw that the high-speed, multi-gigabit data transf"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-176", "GRC-SO-176", "Superior Sensor Making Sense in Military, Medicine", "public safety", "GRC", "A decade ago, Srico, Inc., created a voltage sensor in cooperation with Glenn Research Center under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, in support of NASA's aircraft and space power systems. On the commercial end, Srico successfully marketed it as a solution for fiber-optic communi"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-177", "GRC-SO-177", "Cooking Dinner at Home—From the Office", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "In 1994, David Mansbery was at the helm of an active family whose schedule rarely allowed for home-cooked meals. Growing tired of frequent fast-food dinners, Mansbery set out to bring traditional, home-cooked dinners back into his home. At the time, Mansbery was president of a natural gas supply com"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-178", "GRC-SO-178", "Nano Goes Magnetic to Attract Big Business", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "In 1999, Inframat Corporation received funding and technical support from Glenn Research Center in the form of Phase I and Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts, to fabricate high-frequency, soft magnetic/ceramic nanocomposites for advanced magnetic performance of the Space Ag"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-179", "GRC-SO-179", "Damage-Tolerant Fan Casings for Jet Engines", "transportation", "GRC", "NASA spearheaded research into improving jet engine fan casings, ultimately discovering a cost-effective approach to manufacturing damage-tolerant fan cases that also boast significant weight reduction. A&P Technology, Inc., of Cincinnati, a leading manufacturer of braided fabrics for composite rein"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-18", "GRC-SO-18", "Pressure Relief Valve", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Sputtering\" is the process of applying filmlike metal coatings onto a surface by bombarding the coating material with electrocharged ions. This causes the material to disintegrate and relocate on the substrate an atom layer at a time. The process allows a variety of coating materials to be deposited"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-180", "GRC-SO-180", "Design Application Translates 2-D Graphics to 3-D Surfaces", "computer technology", "GRC", "Fabric Images Inc., specializing in the printing and manufacturing of fabric tension architecture for the retail, museum, and exhibit/tradeshow communities, designed software to translate 2-D graphics for 3-D surfaces prior to print production. Fabric Images' fabric-flattening design process models "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-181", "GRC-SO-181", "Cryogenic Cooling for Myriad Applications—A STAR Is Born!", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Cryogenics, the science of generating extremely low temperatures, has wide applicability throughout NASA. In the late 1980s, NASA wanted a compact linear alternator/motor with reduced size and mass, as well as high efficiency, that had unlimited service life for use in a thermally driven power gener"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-182", "GRC-SO-182", "Mobile Instruments Measure Atmospheric Pollutants", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Under SBIR contracts from Glenn Research Center, Billerica, Massachusetts-based Aerodyne Research Inc. (ARI) has created spectrometers for use in mobile laboratories to study ground-based air pollution. ARI developed its tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometers to detect a range "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-183", "GRC-SO-183", "Modeling Innovations Advance Wind Energy Industry", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "In 1981, Glenn Research Center scientist Dr. Larry Viterna developed a model that predicted certain elements of wind turbine performance with far greater accuracy than previous methods. The model was met with derision from others in the wind energy industry, but years later, Viterna discovered it ha"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-184", "GRC-SO-184", "Coatings Extend Life of Engines and Infrastructure", "transportation", "GRC", "MesoCoat Inc., of Euclid, Ohio, collaborated with Glenn Research Center to provide thermal barrier coating (TBC) technology, developed by Glenn researcher Dongming Zhu, to enhance the lifespan and performance of engines in U.S. Air Force legacy aircraft. The TBC reduces thermal stresses on engine pa"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-185", "GRC-SO-185", "Radiometers Optimize Local Weather Prediction", "public safety", "GRC", "Radiometrics Corporation, headquartered in Boulder, Colorado, engaged in Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) agreements with Glenn Research Center that resulted in a pencil-beam radiometer designed to detect supercooled liquid along flight paths-a prime indicator of dangerous icing conditions."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-186", "GRC-SO-186", "Burnishing Techniques Strengthen Hip Implants", "health and medicine", "GRC", "In the late 1990s, Lambda Research Inc., of Cincinnati, Ohio, received Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards from Glenn Research Center to demonstrate low plasticity burnishing (LPB) on metal engine components. By producing a thermally stable deep layer of compressive residual stress, LPB"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-187", "GRC-SO-187", "Inflatable Antennas Support Emergency Communication", "public safety", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center awarded Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to ManTech SRS Technologies, of Newport Beach, California, to develop thin film inflatable antennas for space communication. With additional funding, SRS modified the concepts for groundbased inflatable antennas. GATR "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-188", "GRC-SO-188", "Fuel Cell Stations Automate Processes, Catalyst Testing", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center looks for ways to improve fuel cells, which are an important source of power for space missions, as well as the equipment used to test fuel cells. With Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards from Glenn, Lynntech Inc., of College Station, Texas, addressed a major limit"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-189", "GRC-SO-189", "Composite Sandwich Technologies Lighten Components", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Leveraging its private resources with several Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with both NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense, WebCore Technologies LLC, of Miamisburg, Ohio, developed a fiber-reinforced foam sandwich panel it calls TYCOR that can be used for a wide variety of i"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-19", "GRC-SO-19", "A Powerful New Engine", "transportation", "GRC", "Through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding from NASA's Glenn Research Center, Moller International created a new coating for rotary engines, which significantly improves the fuel consumption of a vehicle while reducing emissions. The new coatings are offered in the new RotapowerR engi"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-190", "GRC-SO-190", "Catalyst Substrates Remove Contaminants, Produce Fuel", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "A North Haven, Connecticut-based company, Precision Combustion Inc. (PCI) worked with Glenn Research Center to prove the viability of its technology for catalytic reduction of emissions from combustion. Also enhanced through Marshall Space Flight Center SBIR program funding, PCI's NASA-improved air "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-191", "GRC-SO-191", "Nanotube Production Devices Expand Research Capabilities", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "To assist in research on how to improve solar cells, scientists at Glenn Research Center devised a new way to grow high-quality carbon nanotubes. Glenn released the technology to the inventors, one of whom founded Nanotech Innovations in Oberlin, Ohio. Today, the technology is supporting the incorpo"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-192", "GRC-SO-192", "Materials Advance Chemical Propulsion Technology", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center partnered with Marshall Space Flight Center and Aerojet through a NASA Research Announcement to work on the Advanced Materials Bipropellant Rocket. Aerojet subcontracted a company in Huntsville, Alabama, called plasma Processes Inc. (PPI) to modify a state-of-the-art engine des"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-193", "GRC-SO-193", "Simulation Tools Model Icing for Aircraft Design", "public safety", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center developed the LEWICE software for simulating how ice builds up on aircraft surfaces, a potential detriment to safety and performance. American Kestrel Company LLC of Ithaca, New York, partnered with Glenn through a Space Act Agreement and now distributes LEWICE with an improved"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-194", "GRC-SO-194", "Control Algorithms Charge Batteries Faster", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Advanced Power Electronics Corporation of Orlando, Florida, partnered with Glenn Research Center through the SBIR program to develop an advanced power converter for space systems. The company incorporated control algorithms created through the partnership into a solar charger that charges batteries "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-195", "GRC-SO-195", "Retrofits Convert Gas Vehicles into Hybrids", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Working with Glenn Research Center through the NASA Illinois Commercialization Center, NetGain Technologies LLC of Lockport, Illinois, developed a retrofit system for converting gas-powered vehicles to gas-electric hybrids. The partnership also resulted in a line of electric motors for vehicles mark"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-196", "GRC-SO-196", "Coating Processes Boost Performance of Solar Cells", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "While working on Glenn Research Centerfunded projects, scientist Maria Faur invented a process for coating solar cells that both significantly reduces production costs and increases cell efficiency. Faur_s company, North Olmstead, Ohio-based SPECMAT Inc., has licensed the process to a company that b"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-197", "GRC-SO-197", "Superconductors Enable Lower Cost MRI Systems", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Hyper Tech Research, a Columbus, Ohio-based company, received funding from Glenn Research Center's SBIR program to investigate a magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconductor for future aircraft propulsion systems. The company advanced MgB2 to a point where it is now used in prototype MRI devices, has be"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-198", "GRC-SO-198", "Wireless Sensors Pinpoint Rotorcraft Troubles", "transportation", "GRC", "With the help of SBIR contracts from Glenn Research Center, Tucson, Arizona-based Ridgetop Group Inc. has pioneered wireless sensors that can function inside of rotorcraft transmissions. The sensors have a large number of applications, and the data they provide can improve mean time to repair by as "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-199", "GRC-SO-199", "Efficient Cells Cut the Cost of Solar Power", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center engineer Bernard Sater spent his spare time developing a solar concentrator that would use less silicon, making solar arrays cheaper. After retiring from NASA, Sater and his son formed Oberlin, Ohio-based GreenField Solar and, under a Space Act Agreement with Glenn, moved the t"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-2", "GRC-SO-2", "Stress Corrosion Testing", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Advanced testing of structural materials was developed by Lewis Research Center and Langley Research Center working with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Under contract, Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) conducted a study for evaluating stress corrosion cracking, and recommen"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-20", "GRC-SO-20", "Air Taxi at Your Service", "transportation", "GRC", "Under an exclusive agreement with Eclipse Aviation Corporation, Williams International is manufacturing the EJ22 engine, a commercial version of the NASA/Williams FJX-2, for the Eclipse 500 aircraft. The new engine, which weighs approximately 85 pounds and delivers over 770 pounds of thrust, provide"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-200", "GRC-SO-200", "Concentrators Enhance Solar Power Systems", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center and Fort Worth, Texas-based Entech Solar partnered through the SBIR program to adapt Entech's solar concentrator. Soon after developing the Solar Concentrator Array with Refractive Linear Element Technology, Entech and NASA worked on a version called the Stretched Lens Array (S"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-201", "GRC-SO-201", "Miniaturized, Portable Sensors Monitor Metabolic Health", "health and medicine", "GRC", "In order to measure astronautsՠmetabolic rates in space, Glenn Research Center partnered with Case Western University and the Cleveland Clinic to develop the Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA). Cleveland-based Orbital Research licensed and then modified PUMA to help the US Navy assess pilot"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-202", "GRC-SO-202", "Monitors Enable Medication Management in Patients’ Homes", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center awarded SBIR funding to ZIN Technologies to develop a platform that could incorporate sensors quantifying an astronautճ health status and then communicate with the ground. ZIN created a device, developed the system further, and then formed Cleveland-based FlexLife Health to com"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-203", "GRC-SO-203", "Handheld Diagnostic Device Delivers Quick Medical Readings", "health and medicine", "GRC", "To monitor astronautsՠhealth remotely, Glenn Research Center awarded SBIR funding to Cambridge, Massachusetts-based DNA Medical Institute, which developed a device capable of analyzing blood cell counts and a variety of medical biomarkers. The technology will prove especially useful in rural areas w"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-204", "GRC-SO-204", "Micro-Accelerometers Monitor Equipment Health", "computer technology", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center awarded SBIR funding to Ann Arbor, Michigan-based Evigia Systems to develop a miniaturized accelerometer to account for gravitational effects in space experiments. The company has gone on to implement the technology in its suite of prognostic sensors, which are used to monitor "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-205", "GRC-SO-205", "Reactors Save Energy, Costs for Hydrogen Production", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "While examining fuel-reforming technology for fuel cells onboard aircraft, Glenn Research Center partnered with Garrettsville, Ohio-based Catacel Corporation through the Glenn Alliance Technology Exchange program and a Space Act Agreement. Catacel developed a stackable structural reactor that is now"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-206", "GRC-SO-206", "Space Grant Research Launches Rehabilitation Chair", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Working with funding from the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program_which was implemented by NASA headquarters to fund research, education, and public service projects_a biomedical engineering student created a vibration-based system that could combat bone loss from prolonged trips to "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-208", "GRC-SO-208", "Magnetic Fluids Deliver Better Speaker Sound Quality", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "In the 1960s, Glenn Research Center developed a magnetized fluid to draw rocket fuel into spacecraft engines while in space. Sony has incorporated the technology into its line of slim speakers by using the fluid as a liquid stand-in for the speaker_s dampers, which prevent the speaker from blowing o"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-209", "GRC-SO-209", "Metalworking Techniques Unlock a Unique Alloy", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Approached by West Hartford, Connecticut-based Abbot Ball Company, Glenn Research Center agreed to test an intriguing alloy called Nitinol 60 that had been largely unused for a half century. Using powdered metallurgy, the partners developed a method for manufacturing and working with the material, w"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-21", "GRC-SO-21", "A Lifetime of Shine", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Moen Incorporated identified a market need for more durable polished brass plumbing fixtures. NASA's Glenn Research Center is a leader in surface coating technology, which enhances the physical properties of a wide range of materials. The collaborative efforts of Glenn and Moen resulted in a new pol"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-210", "GRC-SO-210", "Compact Vapor Chamber Cools Critical Components", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Advancements in the production of proton exchange membrane fuel cells have NASA considering their use as a power source for spacecraft and robots in future space missions. With SBIR funding from Glenn Research Center, Lancaster, Pennsylvania-based Thermacore Inc. developed strong, lightweight titani"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-211", "GRC-SO-211", "Multidisciplinary Software to Help Take Aircraft to the Next Level", "transportation", "GRC", "Future advances in commercial aircraft will require multidisciplinary analysis and optimization (MDAO), which finds optimal designs by considering how each aircraft component interacts with every other in light of multiple engineering fields. In order to simplify this complex process, Glenn Research"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-212", "GRC-SO-212", "Temperature Sensors Cement Integrity of Bridges", "public safety", "GRC", "When the White House called on Glenn Research Center to get involved in its community, the center launched an Adopt a City program to find companies to mentor. Pile Dynamics Inc. (PDI), in nearby Cleveland, Ohio, needed help crafting a sensor used to ensure the structural integrity of concrete shaft"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-213", "GRC-SO-213", "Cost-Saving Method Yields Solar Cells for Exploration, Gadgets", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Solar cells are expensive, but through a series of SBIR contracts from Glenn Research Center, Niles, Illinois-based MicroLink Devices Inc. has come up with a new way to create flexible cells that reduces manufacturing costs. NASA is considering the technology for massive solar arrays on future space"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-214", "GRC-SO-214", "Recycling Technology Converts Plastic Waste to Energy", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Through the Obama administration_s Strong Cities, Strong Communities Initiative, Glenn Research Center worked with Vadxx Energy LLC, based in Cleveland, Ohio, to optimize the company_s proprietary process for converting used plastics into diesel additives, fuel gas, and inert char. The technology st"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-215", "GRC-SO-215", "DigitalClone Software Predicts, Extends Machine Life", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Buffalo, New York-based Sentient Science Inc. developed software called DigitalClone, which predicts the lifespan of machine components. Under an SBIR contract, Glenn Research Center validated DigitalClone_s predictions for a particular gear against 25 years_ worth of data, prompting the company to "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-216", "GRC-SO-216", "Mini Heat Pipes Wick Away Heat in Brain Surgery", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Over the course of more than 40 SBIR contracts since the 1980s, many at Glenn Research Center, NASA has helped Lancaster, Pennsylvania-based Thermacore advance the technology of heat pipes, a tool used to move heat so it can dissipate safely. In the last decade or so, the NASA-improved heat pipes ha"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-217", "GRC-SO-217", "Reconfigurable Radio Tracks Flights Worldwide", "transportation", "GRC", "NASA was looking for a new high-bandwidth, software-reconfigurable radio. Through a 50/50 cost-share cooperative agreement, Glenn Research Center developed one with Harris Corporation, and the final product flew in the ISS SCaN Testbed and was honored with an R&D 100 Award. The Palm Bay, Florida-bas"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-218", "GRC-SO-218", "Micromachined Sensors Monitor Train Rails, Predict Failures", "public safety", "GRC", "Ridgetop Group of Tucson, Arizona, created its RotoSense rotational vibration sensor under SBIR contracts with Glenn Research Center, intending it to be installed on gears in helicopter transmissions to monitor their condition. To create its new Railsafe system, Ridgetop repackaged the sensors to si"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-219", "GRC-SO-219", "Rechargeable Hearing Aid Batteries Draw from NASA Research", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Research In its early days, NASA spent much effort developing rechargeable silver-zinc batteries, as the pairing offers a higher power-to-weight ratio than any other battery couple. Significant advances in the batteries_ durability were made at Glenn Research Center, which ZPower of Camarillo, Calif"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-22", "GRC-SO-22", "Air Sampling Filter", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "General Metal Works' Accu-Vol is a high-volume air sampling system used by many government agencies to monitor air quality for pollution control purposes. Procedure prevents possible test-invalidating contamination from materials other than particulate pollutants, caused by manual handling or penetr"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-220", "GRC-SO-220", "Vibration Tables Shake Up Aerospace, Car Testing", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Team Corporation has been building vibration-testing equipment for NASA since the 1950s. Most recently, the Burlington, Washington-based company built a high-powered system to test the James Webb Space Telescope at Goddard Space Flight Center. Innovations the company has made to satisfy the Agency_s"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-221", "GRC-SO-221", "Polyimide Aerogels Boost Antennas, Insulate Pipes", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Research Center_s Mary Ann Meador is an expert in aerogels: low-density solids that make excellent insulators. Using polyimide polymers, she and her team created a new aerogel five times stronger than earlier polymer-reinforced silica aerogels and one that can be cast into a thin, very flexible laye"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-222", "GRC-SO-222", "Sterilizing Fogger Cleans Ambulances with a Breeze", "health and medicine", "GRC", "When paramedics come racing, the last thing anybody worries about is where the ambulance was earlier that morning. But traces of those earlier calls could be lingering—and they could be spreading disease. With help from the Regional Economic Development Program at Glenn Research Center, Kent, Ohio-b"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-223", "GRC-SO-223", "Optimized Imager Tracks Cancer, Stem Cells in Medical Research", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Under the Adopt a City program, Cleveland-based BioInVision was selected for 40 hours of free technical expertise from Glenn Research Center, aimed at developing a smaller version of its CryoViz imaging system. The device maps the location of fluorescent-tagged cancer or stem cells in a specimen, us"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-224", "GRC-SO-224", "Original Cryogenic Engine Still Powers Exploration, Defense, Industry", "transportation", "GRC", "The first cryogenic rocket engine, the RL10, remains the most used upper-stage rocket engine in the country more than 50 years after its creation. The engine, powered by liquid hydrogen and oxygen, was matured under a contract between what are now known as Glenn Research Center and Aerojet Rocketdyn"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-225", "GRC-SO-225", "Ferrofluid Technology Becomes a Magnet for Pioneering Artists", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Magnetized ferrofluid was developed in the 1960s at what is now Glenn Research Center and has since found a number of industrial uses. More recently, artists have begun experimenting with it. When Nikola Ilic developed a liquid in which ferrofluid could be suspended without staining its container, h"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-226", "GRC-SO-226", "Free Aerodynamic Simulation Code Supports Industry, Education", "computer technology", "GRC", "In the 1990s, what is now Glenn Research Center, the Air Force, and McDonnell Douglas cooperated to produce the versatile, publicly available Wind-US program for computational fluid dynamics, which predicts how aircraft surfaces will interact with air. Alan Cain, who worked on a precursor software a"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-227", "GRC-SO-227", "High-Speed Cameras Test Material Performances on Impact", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "After Space Shuttle Columbia suffered a catastrophic failure, NASA spent months investigating what went wrong and how to prevent it ever happening again. One of the tools it needed, a high-speed stereo photogrammetry system, didn’t exist, so Glenn Research Center worked closely with Philadelphia-bas"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-228", "GRC-SO-228", "3D Printer Aims to Accelerate Materials Development", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "PrintSpace 3D founder Mark Jaster built the expertise he needed to design the Altair 3D printer in part during his years at Glenn Research Center, where he learned about cutting-edge materials, thermal management, and more. His printers now sell to universities, businesses, and research labs across "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-229", "GRC-SO-229", "Space-Age Insulator Evolves to Replace Plastic and Save Weight", "transportation", "GRC", "When aerogels, the world’s lightest solids, were first invented, they were incredibly brittle and nobody had much use for them. Nearly a century later, the material could become as ubiquitous as plastic, says the founder of Boston-based Aerogel Technologies. NASA has discovered ways to make differen"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-23", "GRC-SO-23", "A Two-Way Spinoff", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Gougeon Brothers, Inc. successfully applied their boat building expertise to a NASA problem in wind turbine development. NASA and the department of Energy began experimenting with large wind turbine machines as an energy alternative to fossil fuels. During the development of a first generation wind "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-230", "GRC-SO-230", "Wrapped Tanks Cut Weight on Everything from Buses to Paintball Guns", "public safety", "GRC", "What do infant incubators, a Mars lander, and paintball guns have in common? All employ an invention developed at Glenn Research Center to cut weight from the Space Shuttles. Composite overwrapped pressure vessels, made of a liner tightly wrapped in high-strength filament, weigh half as much as all-"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-231", "GRC-SO-231", "Spray Analyzer Turns Up in Cars, Planes, Medicine, Cutting-Edge TVs", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "A technology an engineer developed with SBIR funding from Glenn Research Center in 1985 continues to find new uses today. With further SBIR funding from NASA and others, Sunnyvale, California-based Artium Technologies Inc. has built on the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer originally created to analyz"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-232", "GRC-SO-232", "Zero-Leak Valve Holds Tight in Demanding Environments", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Liquid leaks in the space station can cause serious problems. So when NASA needed a new fine-mist water fire extinguisher to use in zero gravity, the contents had to stay contained. A zero-leak valve manufactured by Doering Company LLC in Clear Lake, Minnesota, proved to be a perfect fit. After Glen"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-233", "GRC-SO-233", "New Imaging Technique Measures Unseen Flows", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "In the interest of studying interactions of liquids and gases in zero gravity, Johnson Space Center awarded SBIR contracts to Tech4Imaging LLC of Columbus, Ohio. The company had invented a technique that used electrical signals to create a 3D image of solids and gases inside a pipe or vessel. With t"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-236", "GRC-SO-236", "NASA Helps Optimize Air Purifiers with Modeling Expertise", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Through Glenn Research Center’s Adopt-A-City Program, a small vacuum cleaner and air purifier company got engineering help from NASA researchers to improve its product’s efficiency and reduce noise levels."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-237", "GRC-SO-237", "NASA Helps Bring Airport Communications into the Digital Age", "transportation", "GRC", "Airport communications are getting safer and more efficient thanks to a new international technology standard developed with decades of NASA expertise, leveraged in a Space Act Agreement with the FAA and now used by private companies."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-238", "GRC-SO-238", "Neurological Devices, Racecars, Antennas Benefit from NASA Heat Shield Material", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Advanced plastic aerogel insulation provides industry with durable, flexible material that insulates without blocking radio signals. Blueshift Materials Inc. licensed a polyimide aerogel formula from NASA and used the recipe to develop its own proprietary version, AeroZero, which improves the effici"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-24", "GRC-SO-24", "Solar Energy Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Calibrated in kilowatt hours per square meter, the solar counter produced by Dodge Products, Inc. provides a numerical count of the solar energy that has accumulated on a surface. Solar energy sensing, measuring and recording devices in corporate solar cell technology developed by Lewis Research Cen"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-240", "GRC-SO-240", "Engine Pump Helps Computers Chill Out", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "When NASA wanted a lighter, more reliable rocket pump, it awarded SBIR funding to a fluid dynamics specialist to develop one. While the resulting pump didn’t find its way into a space rocket, it soon became the starting point for a liquid cooling system for supercomputers and servers."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-241", "GRC-SO-241", "Earth’s Twin Helps with Extreme Electronics", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "An all-in-one, single-board computer module can withstand 900ºF conditions without a cooling system thanks to Glenn Research Center expertise in extreme-temperature technology. SBIR funding also helped Ozark Integrated Circuits Inc. of Fayetteville, Arkansas, create its eXtreme Nodes modules to supp"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-242", "GRC-SO-242", "Suspended Solar Panels See the Light", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "To determine how well a suspended solar panel system would hold up to potentially destructive oscillations caused by wind, Skysun LLC in Cleveland, Ohio sought the help of NASA employees at Glenn Research Center through the Adopt-A-City program to verify its product would be safe from dangerous reso"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-243", "GRC-SO-243", "Traveling-Wave Tubes Travel Far", "computer technology", "GRC", "To receive scientific data, NASA needed versions of electronic components that were small but powerful for launching on deep space missions, and contracted with Hughes to build them. A successor company, Stellant Systems of Torrence, California, is now the only company in the U.S. that produces spac"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-244", "GRC-SO-244", "Ion Thrusters Keep Satellites Going and Going", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "When Orbion Space Technology Inc. of Houghton, Michigan, wanted to bring high-efficiency ion thrusters to the commercial satellite industry, the company entered into agreements with Glenn Research Center to receive guidance and data about how to build the perfect thrusters for small satellites."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-245", "GRC-SO-245", "From Magnetic Rocket Fuel to Semiconductors", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "A liquid with magnetic properties developed by NASA in the 1960s was the basis for ferrofluids now sold by MAGRON, a company in Ansan, South Korea, whose customers use them in semiconductor manufacturing, fishing rods, and other consumer products. NASA researchers at the Lewis Flight Research Labora"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-246", "GRC-SO-246", "Webb Telescope Made Simulation Software Better", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Developers of the James Webb Space Telescope relied heavily on simulation software, work that helped advance the whole field of integrated modeling. In particular, the Goddard Space Flight Center project informed advances to Zemax OpticStudio, which is now sold by Canonsburg, Pennsylvania-based Ansy"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-247", "GRC-SO-247", "Cutting the Knee Surgery Cord", "health and medicine", "GRC", "The first FDA-cleared wireless arthroscopic camera for minimally invasive knee surgeries and other orthopedic procedures got early support from NASA through the Adopt a City program, which enabled Glenn Research Center engineers to consult with nearby companies. Cleveland-based Lazurite now powers i"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-248", "GRC-SO-248", "Bringing Hybrid Power to the Rescue", "transportation", "GRC", "With Small Business Innovation Research funding from Glenn Research Center, Parallel Flight Technologies of La Selva Beach, California, was able to test its hybrid propulsion technology, enabling longer-running, remotely piloted aircraft for use in agricultural and rescue applications."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-249", "GRC-SO-249", "Hubble Battery Tech Holds Power on Earth", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Nickel-hydrogen batteries store renewable energy for power plants, businesses, and homes, thanks to innovations from Fremont, California-based EnerVenue, informed by NASA papers out of Glenn Research Center about the technology’s performance on the Hubble Telescope, International Space Station, and "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-25", "GRC-SO-25", "Measurement Instruments", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "International Technology Corporation (INTEC) manufactures a line of instruments used for determining the optical properties of materials used in solar energy applications. Some of INTEC's instruments are based on NASA technology, including the Willey Alpha Meter and McDonald Emissometer. The emissom"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-250", "GRC-SO-250", "3D-Printable Alloy Can Take the Heat", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "GRX-810, a new alloy developed by Glenn Research Center, will make lightweight, durable metal parts needed for space travel. Under a co-exclusive license for NASA’s patented alloy, Elementum 3D of Erie, Colorado, is making it available for commercial space, aviation, and other industries on Earth."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-251", "GRC-SO-251", "Extraterrestrial Medical Diagnostics", "health and medicine", "GRC", "A portable device made by Boston-based 1Drop Diagnostics US can test a single drop of blood for numerous medical conditions. Glenn Research Center prepared the technology for testing on the International Space Station, and it now supports medical research on Earth."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-252", "GRC-SO-252", "NASA Invention Goes Straight to the Heart", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Two engineers at Glenn Research Center developed a tiny, implantable transmitter and handheld reader. Endotronix of Naperville, Illinois, now part of Edwards Lifesciences, licensed the patent and used it to develop a heart monitor that warns heart failure patients of an impending crisis."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-26", "GRC-SO-26", "Heat Recovery System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Ball Metal's design of ducting and controls for series of roof top heat exchangers was inspired by Tech Briefs. Heat exchangers are installed on eight press and coating lines used to decorate sheet metal. The heat recovery system provides an estimated energy savings of more than $250,000 per year."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-27", "GRC-SO-27", "Testing Composites", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "A device for testing composites for strength characteristics has been developed by Acoustic Emission Technology Corporation. Called the Model 206AU, the system is lightweight and portable. It is comprised of three sections. The pulser\" section injects ultrasonic waves into the material under test. A"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-28", "GRC-SO-28", "Laser Balancing", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Mechanical Technology, Incorporated developed a fully automatic laser machining process that allows more precise balancing removes metal faster, eliminates excess metal removal and other operator induced inaccuracies, and provides significant reduction in balancing time. Manufacturing costs are redu"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-29", "GRC-SO-29", "Water Powered Tools", "public safety", "GRC", "Space Spin-Offs, Inc. under a contract with Lewis Research Center and Marshall Space Flight Center produced a new water-powered saw that cuts through concrete and steel plate reducing danger of explosion or electric shock in rescue and other operations. In prototype unit efficient water-powered turb"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-3", "GRC-SO-3", "Composite Materials", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "To improve certain characteristics of composite materials, Lewis developed an improved impregnating solution known as PMR-15. Ferro Corporation, interested in adding to its own line of prepregs, obtained, from Lewis, the formula and the procedure for synthesizing PMR-15 and, after a period of compan"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-30", "GRC-SO-30", "Increasing the Flow", "computer technology", "GRC", "Under an SBIR contract with Glenn, SiCOM, Inc. has developed circuit cards for improved wireless communications. The high-speed wireless digital modem is useful for satellite to Earth communication links. Commercial applications include HDTV broadcasts, digital satellite news gathering, Ethernet lin"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-31", "GRC-SO-31", "Temperature Sensor", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Weed Instrument Inc. produces a line of thermocouples - temperature sensors - for a variety of industrial and research uses. One of the company's newer products is a thermocouple specially designed for high accuracy at extreme temperatures above 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Development of sensor brough"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-32", "GRC-SO-32", "High-Temperature Lubricants", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "In the early 1980's, Lewis Research Center began a program to develop high-temperature lubricants for use on future aircraft flying at three or more times the speed of sound, which can result in vehicle skin temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit. A material that emerged from this research"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-33", "GRC-SO-33", "Rotation Measurement", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Electronic shaft angle encoder that measures the angular position of rotating shaft in about one microsecond. This device, manufactured by Real Time Systems, Inc. picks up an electrical pulse generated by the rotating machinery. Computer processes information and presents a coded reading on a displa"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-34", "GRC-SO-34", "Poultry Plant Noise Control", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "A demonstration conducted last winter at the Tip Top Poultry Plant intended to show poultry plant managers from all over the U.S. potential solutions to the problem of plant noise. Plastic covers used over sound absorbing materials need to meet cleanability requirements, high-pressure water cleaning"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-35", "GRC-SO-35", "Engine Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "In design and analysis phases of advanced aircraft propulsion system and other engines, Teledyne makes extensive use of COSMIC's NASTRAN computer program. NASTRAN serves as an analytical tool for design of many engine components. Teledyne also uses two other COSMIC programs in studies of engine airf"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-36", "GRC-SO-36", "Somewhere in the Rainbow", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Aerometrics, Inc.'s Rainbow Refractometer was developed through an SBIR contract with Lewis Research Center. The system is a non-intrusive instrument for measuring droplet inside of refraction. It can also derive the temperature and chemical composition of refractive droplets. The technology can be "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-37", "GRC-SO-37", "NASA's Software Bank (Heath Tecna Aerospace)", "computer technology", "GRC", "Heath Tecna Aerospace used a COSMIC program, Analysis of Filament Reinforced Metal Shell Pressure Vessels to predict stresses in motorcase walls in a composite hybrid rocket and calculate the ideal geometry for the domes at either end of the filament-wound pressure vessel. The COSMIC program predict"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-38", "GRC-SO-38", "Lightning Protection", "public safety", "GRC", "An airplane's wingtip tank is being struck by simulated lightning in a test conducted by Lightning Technologies, Inc., a firm specializing in design features to protect aircraft from the hazard of electrical phenomena. Much of the technology employed in tests originated in NASA-sponsored studies foc"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-39", "GRC-SO-39", "Cancer Therapy", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Under an agreement between Lewis Research Center and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a 50 million volt cyclotron originating from NASA's space propulsion systems is now being used to evaluate the effectiveness of fast neutron\" therapy in treatment of cancerous tumors. One of several alternatives to"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-4", "GRC-SO-4", "Manufacturing Aids", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Contractor's work for Lewis Research Center on thermal barrier coatings designed to improve aircraft engine efficiency resulted in two related but separate spinoffs. The Materials and Manufacturing Technology Center of TRW Inc. invented a robotic system for applying the coating and in the course of "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-40", "GRC-SO-40", "Manufacturing Aids", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "During a research program, MMTC/Textron invented a computer-aided automatic robotic system for spraying hot plasma onto a turbine blade. The need to control the thickness of the plasma deposit led to the development of advanced optical gaging techniques to monitor and control plasma spray build-up o"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-41", "GRC-SO-41", "Wood Bond Testing", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "A joint development program between Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection Technologies and The Weyerhaeuser Company resulted in an internal bond analyzer (IBA), a device which combinesultrasonics with acoustic emission testing techniques. It is actually a spinoff from a spinoff, stemming from a NASA Lewi"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-42", "GRC-SO-42", "Comfort for Sportsmen", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "MPI Outdoor Safety Products developed aluminized mylar to make Echo Satellites more reflective, to insulate cryogenic fluids, and for space suit insulation. This technology has spun off to a variety of consumer products. Sportsman's blankets and jackets, ski parkas, sleeping bags, and even life-raft"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-43", "GRC-SO-43", "No Moving Parts", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Under a NASA SBIR, Research International developed the solid state micromachined pump used for cooling electronics in space, circulation of heat transfer fluids on spacecraft, and monitoring fire and gas hazards aboard naval warships. Incorporating Lewis Research Center's pumping technology, commer"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-44", "GRC-SO-44", "Go With the Flow", "computer technology", "GRC", "Under SBIR contracts with Lewis Research Center, Nektonics, Inc., developed coating process simulation tools, known as Nekton. This powerful simulation software is used specifically for the modeling and analysis of a wide range of coating flows including thin film coating analysis, polymer processin"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-46", "GRC-SO-46", "Voltage Sensor", "public safety", "GRC", "Under a Lewis Research Center Small Business Innovation Research contract, SRICO, Inc. developed a fiber optic voltage sensor to measure voltage in electronic systems in spacecraft. The sensor uses glass and light to sense and transmit electricity, and is relatively safe and accurate. SRICO then com"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-47", "GRC-SO-47", "Age and Stress Prediction", "computer technology", "GRC", "Genoa is a software product that predicts progressive aging and failure in a variety of materials. It is the result of a SBIR contract between the Glenn Research Center and Alpha Star Corporation. Genoa allows designers to determine if the materials they plan on applying to a structure are up to the"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-48", "GRC-SO-48", "Illuminating Development", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Through the support of the NASA SBIR program, Control Vision, Inc. developed novel video techniques for clear, high resolution, real-time imaging of high temperature, high-energy industrial processes, such as welding, plasma arc spraying (coating), arc furnaces, metal casting and refractories (ceram"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-49", "GRC-SO-49", "All-in-One Chip", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Under an SBIR contract, EMC Technology, Inc., was funded to develop a family of Temperature Compensating Attenuators. These devices are used to compensate for changes in amplifier gain with temperatures. Special thermistor materials were developed that not only satisfied NASA requirements, but also "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-5", "GRC-SO-5", "Restoration Process", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Chicago State University in conjunction with Lewis developed an applications engineering project. Serial numbers and other markings are frequently eliminated from metal objects to prevent tracing ownership of guns, motor vehicles, bicycles, cameras, appliances and jewelry. New restoration process is"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-50", "GRC-SO-50", "Tough Like Metal", "industrial productivity", "GRC", "Under an SBIR with Lewis Research Center, Advanced Ceramics Corporation developed a family of high temperature and doped boron nitride coating that offer improvement in interface durability of SiC/SiC composites. The new materials are 1,000 more times durable and greatly extend composite lifetimes. "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-51", "GRC-SO-51", "Versatile Coating", "public safety", "GRC", "A radome at Logan Airport and a large parabolic antenna at the Wang Building in Massachusetts are protected from weather, corrosion and ultraviolet radiation by a coating, specially designed for antennas and radomes, known as CRC Weathertite 6000. The CRC 6000 line that emerged from Boyd Coatings Re"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-52", "GRC-SO-52", "Aircraft Icing Sensor", "public safety", "GRC", "Simmonds Precision's ice system consists of an ultrasonic sensor and a signal conditioner. The sensor has a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (PCC) that sends an ultrasonic pulse into an ice layer and detects an echo returning from the ice; the time elapsed in the pulse-echo round trip provides a basis "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-53", "GRC-SO-53", "Safer Natural Gas", "public safety", "GRC", "After the disaster of Staten Island in 1973 where 40 people were killed repairing a liquid natural gas storage tank, the New York Fire Commissioner requested NASA's help in drawing up a comprehensive plan to cover the design, construction, and operation of liquid natural gas facilities. Two programs"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-54", "GRC-SO-54", "Routing the Power", "transportation", "GRC", "Kilovac, a division of CII Technologies, developed several relays as a result of its work for the space station under subcontract to Rocketdyne and Lewis Research Center. Two of the products originally developed for NASA, the EV250 and the H-19 relay, are now commercially available. The EV250 is in "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-55", "GRC-SO-55", "Safer Bridges", "transportation", "GRC", "U.S. Steel Corporation commercialized NASA's contribution to fracture toughness testing. This represents a broad area of spinoffs. Originally used for fracture toughness in aerospace hardware, this method has been testing a variety of structures and systems besides bridges, ranging from nuclear reac"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-56", "GRC-SO-56", "Iceproofing Helicopters", "transportation", "GRC", "United Technologies adapted NASA's Lewis Research Center's wind tunnel. This tunnel is used for injecting supercooled water droplets into the wind thereby simulating a natural icing cloud and observing how ice builds up on various shaped surfaces. From Lewis, Sikorsky engineers obtained information "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-57", "GRC-SO-57", "Lightweight High-Capacity Oxygen Bottle", "consumer home recreation", "GRC", "Luxfer USA Ltd. produced a lightweight higher capacity oxygen bottle, derived from rocket propellant tank technology. This tank proved an important aid in the 1976 ascent to the summit of Mt. Everest by member of the American Bicentennial Everest Expedition. Individual bottle is aluminum cylinder ov"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-58", "GRC-SO-58", "Sun-Powered Refrigerator", "consumer home recreation", "GRC", "Refrigerator that has potential use for outdoor campers is in operation at a trail construction camp in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, a remote area where electricity is only available at park headquarters. Trail maintenance crews working in the back country get food supplies only once weekly,"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-59", "GRC-SO-59", "Backpack Mounted Power Display", "consumer home recreation", "GRC", "At request of Inyo National Forest personnel, NASA's Lewis Research Center also developed a back pack system. Lightweight solar cell pack charges batteries for portable two-way radios used by trail guards who are on patrol for as much as two weeks at a time. Guards want continuous communications wit"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-6", "GRC-SO-6", "Complicated Geometry", "computer technology", "GRC", "Using NASA SBIR funding, CFD Research Corporation has developed CFD-GEOM, an extension of traditional computer-aided drawing (CAD) software. CFD-GEOM can provide modeling and interactivity of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) latest field, mesh-generation. CFD-GEOM allows for quick and easy updatin"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-60", "GRC-SO-60", "Solar Meter", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Dodge Products, Inc. had adapted NASA's solar cell technology to produce an inexpensive solar meter. This meter is finding wide acceptance among architects, engineers, and others engaged in construction of solar energy facilities. It detects the amount of solar energy available at a building site, i"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-61", "GRC-SO-61", "Space-Spurred Metallized Materials", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Among a score of applications for a space spinoff reflective material called TXG is the emergency blanket manufactured by Metallized Products, Inc. Used by ski patrol to protect a skier shaken by a fall, the blanket retains up to 80% of user's body heat preventing post accident shock or chills. Carr"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-62", "GRC-SO-62", "Heat Loss Imagery", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Infrared scanning devices are being used to produce images that show, by color or black-and-white shading differences, which buildings and homes are losing heat to the outdoors, and how much. Heat loss surveys done by Texas Instruments, Daedalus Enterprises, Inc. and other companies have growing acc"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-63", "GRC-SO-63", "Solar Air Sampler", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Nation's first solar-cell-powered air monitoring station was installed at Liberty State Park, New Jersey. Jointly sponsored by state agencies and the Department of Energy, system includes display which describes its operation to park visitors. Unit samples air every sixth day for a period of 24 hour"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-64", "GRC-SO-64", "Cataract Surgery Tool", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Cataract is a condition which the lens of the eye becomes opaque restricting vision and leading to potential blindness. Surgery to remove the cloudy material is necessary. Tool is tiny cutter-pump which liquefies and pumps cataract lens material from eye. Incorporated in mechanism are two passages f"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-65", "GRC-SO-65", "Electric Car", "transportation", "GRC", "Postal service van is test vehicle for a NASA developed nickel-zinc battery, derived from satellite technology that may spark electric automobile's comeback. Researchers feel that nickel-zinc battery could drive a car 120 miles at an average speed of 40 miles per hour on a single charge, exceeding t"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-66", "GRC-SO-66", "Ceramic Analysis", "computer technology", "GRC", "Lewis Research Center developed the CARES/LIFE software, which predicts the performance of brittle structures over time, such as ceramic compounds. Over 300 companies have used a version of the code, including Philips Display Components Company, AlliedSignal, Solar Turbines Incorporated, and TRW, In"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-67", "GRC-SO-67", "Solar Energy Reporting", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Due to the natural gas shortage in Cleveland, home owners, home builders and civic officials wanted to know just how much solar energy is available in Cleveland. They now get a daily report from Lewis Research Center. Lewis' pyranometer collects sun data for 15 hours daily and measures total solar e"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-68", "GRC-SO-68", "Eye Surgery Light", "health and medicine", "GRC", "During eye surgery, surgeon uses light called ophthalmoscope for close examination of the retina. Ordinarily, electricity is used to power light through a swivel arm or floor pedestal, but when more than one ophthalmoscope is used, tangling and interference of power cords becomes a problem. Lewis Re"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-69", "GRC-SO-69", "Waterway Ice Measurement", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Shippers have long sought out a system of navigation that would allow year-round operation of the lakes and produce enormous economic and fuel conservation benefits. Under Project Icewarn, NASA, the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration collaborated in development and "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-7", "GRC-SO-7", "Television Transmission Technology", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "The VKP-7990 Multistage Depressed Collector (MDC) Klystron is a result of cooperative development by Varian Associates, Inc., the National Association of Broadcasters, Lewis Research Center, the Public Broadcasting System and TV transmitter manufacturers. The effort was initiated to make power ampli"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-70", "GRC-SO-70", "Medical Telemetry", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Telemetry is process whereby physiological or other data acquired by instruments is translated into radio signals and sent to receiving station where signals are decoded and recorded. Telemetry is finding use transmitting medical data between emergency vehicles and hospitals. For example, transmissi"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-71", "GRC-SO-71", "Aid to Solar Collector Development", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "International Technology Corporation developed the emissometer. This instrument is placed above a heated sample and radiation from sample is focused on a detector within the instrument. Rising temperature, determined by heat sensing equipment, indicates degree of emittance which is measured and disp"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-72", "GRC-SO-72", "Marine Jet", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Jacuzzi 12YJ, a jet propulsion system developed by Jacuzzi Brothers, Inc. for pleasure and commercial boating, is a technical advance in that it offers very high propulsive thrust in relation to power output. Powered by conventional marine engine, it operates similar to an airplane jet engine, excep"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-73", "GRC-SO-73", "Industrial Turbine Fans", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Westinghouse Corp. & R &D Center's development of blades of an advanced controllable-pitch axial fan used in electrical power generation was aided by four computer programs supplied by COSMIC. Programs helped determine sensitivity of large industrial turbines and fans to particular matter such as du"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-74", "GRC-SO-74", "Solar Collectors", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Solar Energy's solar panels are collectors for a solar energy system which provides heating for a drive-in bank in Akron, OH. Collectors were designed and manufactured by Solar Energy Products, a firm established by three former NASA employees. Company President, Frank Rom, an example of a personnel"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-75", "GRC-SO-75", "Loudspeaker Performance Aid", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Many manufacturers of loudspeakers are now using a magnetic liquid cooling agent known as ferrofluid. Commercialized by Ferrofluids Corporation, ferrofluid is a liquid material in which sub-microscopic particles of iron oxide are permanently suspended. Injected into the voice coil segment of speaker"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-76", "GRC-SO-76", "Emergency Medical Service", "health and medicine", "GRC", "Lewis Research Center helped design the complex EMS Communication System, originating from space operated telemetry, including the telemetry link between ambulances and hospitals for advanced life support services. In emergency medical use telemetry links ambulances and hospitals for advanced life s"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-77", "GRC-SO-77", "A Solution in Search of Problems", "", "GRC", "Ferrofluids offered vast-problem solving potential. Under license for the NASA technology, Dr. Ronald Moskowitz and Dr. Ronald Rosensweig formed Ferrofluids Corporation. First problem they found a solution for was related to the manufacture of semiconductor chips\" for use in electronic systems. They"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-78", "GRC-SO-78", "Plasma Spray System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Computer aided, fully-automatic TRW system sprays very hot plasma onto a turbine blade. Composed of gas into which metallic and ceramic powders have been injected, the plasma forms a two-layer coating which insulates the blade. Critical part of operation is controlling the thickness of the deposit w"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-79", "GRC-SO-79", "Liquefied Natural Gas Transfer", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Chicago Bridge & Iron Company's tanks and associated piping are parts of system for transferring liquefied natural gas from ship to shore and storing it. LNG is a cryogenic\" fluid meaning that it must be contained and transferred at very low temperatures about 260 degrees below Fahrenheit. Before th"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-8", "GRC-SO-8", "Shedding Light on Solar Power", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Glenn Research Center sponsored an SBIR contract with ENTECH, in which the company worked to mold its successful terrestrial concentrator technology into applications that would generate solar power for space missions. ENTECH's first application made use of small, dome-shaped Fresnel lenses to direc"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-80", "GRC-SO-80", "NASA/State Education Cooperation", "", "GRC", "NASA is cooperating with state departments of education in a number of special education programs. An example is Maryland Summer Centers for Gifted and Talented Students sponsored by the Maryland State Department of Education. Some 2,600 students participated in the 1990 program. One of the 12 cente"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-81", "GRC-SO-81", "Energy Recovery", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "The United States and other countries face the problem of waste disposal in an economical, environmentally safe manner. A widely applied solution adopted by Americans is waste to energy incinerating the refuse and using the steam produced by trash burning to drive an electricity producing generator."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-82", "GRC-SO-82", "Chemistry Research", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Philip Morris research center scientists use a computer program called CECTRP, for Chemical Equilibrium Composition and Transport Properties, to gain insight into the behavior of atoms as they progress along the reaction pathway. Use of the program lets the scientist accurately predict the behavior "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-83", "GRC-SO-83", "Infrared Scanning", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "United Scanning Technologies, Inc.'s Infrared thermography is a relatively new noncontact, nondestructive inspection and testing tool which makes temperatures visible to the human eye. Infrared scanning devices produce images that show, by color or black and white shading differences, heat losses th"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-84", "GRC-SO-84", "Improving Vacuum Cleaners", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Under a Space Act Agreement between the Kirby company and Lewis Research Center, NASA technology was applied to a commercial vacuum cleaner product line. Kirby engineers were interested in advanced operational concepts, such as particle flow behavior and vibration, critical factors to improve vacuum"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-85", "GRC-SO-85", "Coating Process", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "A black chrome coating, originally developed for spacecraft solar cells, led to the development of an efficient flat plate solar collector. The coating, called Chromonyx, helps the collector absorb more heat. Olympic Solar Corporation was formed to electroplate the collector. The coating technique a"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-86", "GRC-SO-86", "Flow Calibration", "public safety", "GRC", "Flow Technology Inc. worked with Lewis Research Center to develop a system for monitoring two different propellants being supplied to a spacecraft rocket thruster. They then commercialized the technology in the Microtrack, an extremely precise low-flow calibration system. Moog Inc., one of the devic"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-87", "GRC-SO-87", "Partners in Technology", "", "GRC", "Deere and Company scientists are working with various NASA centers in a multifaceted technical exchange program investigating areas of aerospace technology that can be applied to company's products. This is a non-traditional type spinoff in that it does not simply reapply existing technology but dev"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-88", "GRC-SO-88", "An Innovation for the Energy Industry", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "REDOX is an economical energy storage system which promises major reductions in the cost of storing electrical energy. The system is based upon the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. 75 percent of the energy used to charge the system is returned. It is flexible and the energy may "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-89", "GRC-SO-89", "Thermionic Energy", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Thermionic energy conversion is the production of energy from a nuclear source. It is a technology advanced by SNSO, a joint research and development organization formed by NASA and the AEC. SNSO contracted with Thermo Electron Corporation to develop high temperature applications, i.e., metals with "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-9", "GRC-SO-9", "A Look From the Inside", "health and medicine", "GRC", "The cutting-edge imaging technology that enhances NASA's Hubble Space Telescope images is now helping physicians to perform micro-invasive arthroscopic surgery, which is the visual examination of an interior joint. Through a Space Act Agreement with Glenn Research Center, Micro Medical Devices, Inc."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-90", "GRC-SO-90", "Magnetic Liquids", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Ferrofluidics Corporation's recent innovation is a spindle for rotating computer discs that supports the disc's rotating shaft on a film of magnetic fluid instead of conventional ball bearings. According to its developers, the spindle offers greatly increased rotational stability, meaning substantia"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-91", "GRC-SO-91", "Auto Design", "transportation", "GRC", "SPAR, a computer program developed by Lewis, is used to optimize the design of body panels by Chrysler Corporation. The program is interactive, easy to use, and fast."], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-92", "GRC-SO-92", "Diamond Coatings", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GRC", "Advances in materials technology have demonstrated that it is possible to get the advantages of diamond in a number of applications without the cost penalty, by coating and chemically bonding an inexpensive substrate with a thin film of diamond-like carbon (DLC). Diamond films offer tremendous techn"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-93", "GRC-SO-93", "Pump Flow Analysis", "computer technology", "GRC", "Ingersoll-Rand Research, Inc.'s use of COSMIC's computer program MERIDL permits designers to evaluate performance and efficiency characteristics to be expected from the pump's impeller. It also provides information that enables a trained hydraulic engineer to make design improvements. Company was ab"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-94", "GRC-SO-94", "Technology for Television", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "A project being conducted by Varian Associates, Inc. and Lewis Research Center would allow a UHF TV station to save 50% of its electricity cost. Because UHF stations need substantially more transmitter power, an amplifying device was needed. In the early 1970's Dr. Henry Kosmahl of Lewis had develop"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-95", "GRC-SO-95", "Coal Research", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Coal slurries are clean\" pulverized coal mixed with oil or water. Significant fuel savings can be realized when using coal slurries. Advanced Fuels Technology (AFT) utilized a COSMIC program (Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions) which provides specific capabilities for determini"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-96", "GRC-SO-96", "Energy Systems Design", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "PRESTO, a COSMIC program, handles energy system specifications and predicts design efficiency of cogeneration systems. These systems allow a company to use excess energy produced to generate electricity. PRESTO is utilized by the Energy Systems Division of Thermo Electron Corporation in the custom d"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-97", "GRC-SO-97", "Steam Turbines", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Turbonetics Energy, Inc.'s steam turbines are used as power generating systems in the oil and gas, chemical, pharmaceuticals, metals and mining, and pulp and paper industries. The Turbonetics line benefited from use of NASA research data on radial inflow steam turbines and from company contact with "], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-98", "GRC-SO-98", "Switching Transistor", "environment and resource management", "GRC", "Westinghouse Electric Corporation's D60T transistors are used primarily as switching devices for controlling high power in electrical circuits. It enables reduction in the number and size of circuit components and promotes more efficient use of energy. Wide range of application from a popcorn popper"], ["spinoff", "GRC-SO-99", "GRC-SO-99", "Flexible Solar Cells", "consumer/home/recreation", "GRC", "Solar cell modules\" are plastic strips coated with thin films of photovoltaic silicon that collect solar energy for instant conversion into electricity. Lasers divide the thin film coating into smaller cells to build up voltage. Developed by Iowa Thin Film Technologies under NASA and DOE grants the "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-1", "GSFC-SO-1", "Laser Looking at Earth", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "TerraPoint (TM) LLC is a company that combines the technologies developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) with the concept of topographic real estate imaging. TerraPoint provides its customers with digital, topographical data generated by "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-10", "GSFC-SO-10", "Modeling Molecules", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "The molecule modeling method known as Multibody Order (N) Dynamics, or MBO(N)D, was developed by Moldyn, Inc. at Goddard Space Flight Center through funding provided by the SBIR program. The software can model the dynamics of molecules through technology which stimulates low-frequency molecular moti"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-100", "GSFC-SO-100", "Anti-Corrosion Coating", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "SuperSpan RM 8000 is an anti-corrosion coating which effectively counteracts acid degradation, abrasive wear, and cracking in power industry facilities. It was developed by RM Industrial Products Company, Inc. with NERAC assistance. It had previously been necessary to shut down plants to repair or r"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-101", "GSFC-SO-101", "Equipment Analysis", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Magnavox Government & Electronics Company originally used the NASTRAN program in the design stage of heavy aluminum fixtures for vibration testing. Program also used to compare the resonant frequencies of the circuitry to predict whether failures may occur because of high vibration levels. The compa"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-102", "GSFC-SO-102", "Customer Service Programming", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Use of computer program STRCMACS has enabled Illinois Bell Telephone, a subsidiary of American Telephone and Telegraph to cut software development costs about 10 percent by reducing program maintenance and by allowing the department to bring other software into operation more quickly. It has also be"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-103", "GSFC-SO-103", "Space Technology for Medical Aids", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Under one of the earliest contracts awarded in the Apollo lunar landing program, Parker Hannifin Corporation developed and produced equipment for controlling the flow of propellants into the mammoth engines of the Saturn moonbooster. Today, Parker is supplying the huge valves that control propellant"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-104", "GSFC-SO-104", "Drug Research", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "NBOD2, a program developed at Goddard Space Flight Center to solve equations of motion coupled N-body systems is used by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. to model potential drugs as a series of elements. The program analyses the vibrational and static motions of independent components in drugs. Informat"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-105", "GSFC-SO-105", "Structural Diagnosis", "public safety", "GSFC", "All over the world, officials charged with preserving historical structures are faced with a problem of environmental contamination of building materials that cause structural deterioration. First requisite for preserving the structure is identification of the nature of contaminants. A non-invasive\""], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-106", "GSFC-SO-106", "Satellite Imagery Via Personal Computer", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) was incorporated by NASA in the Tiros 8 weather satellite. APT included an advanced satellite camera that immediately transmitted a picture as well as low cost receiving equipment. When an advanced scanning radiometer was later introduced, ground station display "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-107", "GSFC-SO-107", "Software Management System", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Transportable Applications Environment (TAE), a Goddard Space Flight Center developed software management system, organizes multiple computer programs by providing user interface development tools and a stable framework for a system. It binds applications into an easily operated whole and interfaces"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-108", "GSFC-SO-108", "Temperature Pill", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Ingestible Thermal Monitoring System was developed at Johns Hopkins University as means of getting internal temperature readings for treatments of such emergency conditions as dangerously low (hypothermia) and dangerously high (hyperthermia) body temperatures. ITMS's accuracy is off no more than one"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-109", "GSFC-SO-109", "Self Injury Inhibitor", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "There are approximately 50,000 autistic and retarded people in the United States alone, and many of them engage in self-injurious behavior, principally compulsive headbanging. Hope is offered by an automated unit, manufactured at Johns Hopkins University, called the Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibitin"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-11", "GSFC-SO-11", "Ocean Drifters Get the Facts", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "With the help of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, of Greenbelt, Maryland, Clearwater Instrumentation, of Watertown, Massachusetts, created the ClearSat-Autonomous Drifting Ocean Station (ADOS). The multi-sensor array ocean drifting station wa"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-110", "GSFC-SO-110", "Visibility Studies", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Studies conducted by the Environmental Studies Laboratory of the University of Utah embrace investigations of the effects of air pollutants on vegetation; air quality in arid and semi-arid regions surrounding energy developments; and the amount, size and type of particles in the atmosphere. In its v"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-111", "GSFC-SO-111", "The Earthscan Industry", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "General Electric's Space Systems Division, which builds the satellites for NASA's Landsat, also manufactures equipment for ground processing of data, and offers Landsat image analysis to a variety of users. GEOPAK, the most recent service provided by GE's Earth Resources Applications, is a Landsat g"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-112", "GSFC-SO-112", "Multispectral Photography", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Model II Multispectral Camera is an advanced aerial camera that provides optimum enhancement of a scene by recording spectral signatures of ground objects only in narrow, preselected bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Its photos have applications in such areas as agriculture, forestry, water pol"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-113", "GSFC-SO-113", "Advanced Polymers for Practical Use", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Resulting from a SBIR contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Foster-Miller developed a high performance, low cost substrate for printed circuits with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matched to the surface mounted devices. The commercial product that resulted from the agreement betwe"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-114", "GSFC-SO-114", "Got an Attitude Problem?", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Through a Small Business Innovation Research grant from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Servo Corporation of America, Inc. built its Mini-Dual Sensor to provide attitude control for Earth-orbiting unmanned satellites. The sensor is an Earth horizon sensor that provides higher accuracy through th"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-115", "GSFC-SO-115", "Meteorological Software", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "GEMPAK, a computer program developed by NASA's Goddard Space Center as a general purpose meteorological display package-(GSC-13402), is used by Millersville University in its meteorology program. A data line feed stored in GEMPAK files with data processed and displayed by means of text-based menu se"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-116", "GSFC-SO-116", "Scientific Software", "computer technology", "GSFC", "The Interactive Data Language (IDL), developed by Research Systems, Inc., is a tool for scientists to investigate their data without having to write a custom program for each study. IDL is based on the Mariners Mars spectral Editor (MMED) developed for studies from NASA's Mars spacecraft flights. Th"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-117", "GSFC-SO-117", "Agent Building Software", "computer technology", "GSFC", "AgentBuilder is a software component developed under and SBIR contract between Reticular Systems, Inc., and Goddard Space Flight Center. AgentBuilder allows software developers without experience in intelligent agent technologies to easily build software applications using intelligent agents. Agents"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-118", "GSFC-SO-118", "Getting the Gold Treatment", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Epner Technology, Inc., worked with Goddard Space Center to apply gold coating to the Vegetation Canopy Lidar (VCL) mirror. This partnership resulted in new commercial applications for Epner's LaserGoldR process in the automotive industry. Previously, the company did not have equipment large enough "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-119", "GSFC-SO-119", "Satellite Tracking System", "public safety", "GSFC", "Researchers at the Center for Aerospace Sciences of the University of North Dakota (UND), Grand Forks, used three NASA Computer programs (SANDTRACKS, ODG, NORAD) to develop a Satellite Tracking System for real time utilization of TIROS weather/environment satellite information. SANDTRACKS computes t"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-12", "GSFC-SO-12", "Laser Surveying", "computer technology", "GSFC", "RCA Automated Systems Division incorporated NASA technology into the production of a laser-aided system for surveying land boundaries in difficult terrain. System is called Laser Range Pole\" consisting of a laser transmitter and a receiver/theodolite which weighs a combined 58 pounds and can be back"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-120", "GSFC-SO-120", "X-Ray Imaging System", "public safety", "GSFC", "The Model 60007A InnerView Real-time X-ray Imaging System, produced by National Imaging Systems, a division of FlouroScan Imaging Systems, Inc. (formerly HealthMate, Inc.), Northbrook, IL, is a third generation spinoff from x-ray astronomy technology. Goddard Space Flight Center developed the origin"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-121", "GSFC-SO-121", "Energy Storage System", "transportation", "GSFC", "SatCon Technology Corporation developed the drive train for use in the Chrysler Corporation's Patriot Mark II, which includes the Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) system. In Chrysler's experimental hybrid-electric car, the hybrid drive train uses an advanced turboalternator that generates electricity b"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-122", "GSFC-SO-122", "Telemetry Systems", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center developed satellite telemetry processing technology to meet NASA's sophisticated processing requirements. The Microelectronic Systems Branch, a company\" within Goddard provided NASA with the telemetry data systems from 1985 to 1994. TSI/Telsys Inc. was then founded to com"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-123", "GSFC-SO-123", "Video Compression", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Optivision developed two PC-compatible boards and associated software under a Goddard Space Flight Center Small Business Innovation Research grant for NASA applications in areas such as telerobotics, telesciences and spaceborne experimentation. From this technology, the company used its own funds to"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-124", "GSFC-SO-124", "Muscle Stimulation Technology", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Under a Goddard Space Flight Center contract, Electrologic of America was able to refine the process of densely packing circuitry on personal computer boards, providing significant contributions to the closed-loop systems for the Remote Manipulator System Simulator. The microcircuitry work was then "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-125", "GSFC-SO-125", "Gold Coating", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Epner Technology Inc. responded to a need from Goddard Space Flight Center for the ultimate in electroplated reflectivity needed for the Mars Global Surveyor's Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Made of beryllium, the MOLA mirror was coated by Epner Technology's Laser Gold process, specially impro"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-126", "GSFC-SO-126", "Image Processing", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "The Computer Graphics Center of North Carolina State University uses LAS, a COSMIC program, to analyze and manipulate data from Landsat and SPOT providing information for government and commercial land resource application projects. LAS is used to interpret aircraft/satellite data and enables resear"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-127", "GSFC-SO-127", "Attitude Control", "transportation", "GSFC", "A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to ITHACO, Inc. satisfied a Goddard Space Flight Center demand for a low cost altitude control system for small spacecraft. The SBIR-sponsored work resulted in the T-Wheel, built specifically for altitude control of small and medium-sized spacecra"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-128", "GSFC-SO-128", "Reaction/Momentum Wheel", "transportation", "GSFC", "CTA Space Systems, Inc. has been licensed to sell commercially a reaction/momentum wheel originally developed for NASA's scientific satellites. NASA originally identified a need for the wheel in its Small Explorer program. The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite required extremely low jitter and "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-129", "GSFC-SO-129", "Striding Towards Better Physical Therapy", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Produced by Enduro Medical Technology, the Secure Ambulation Module (S.A.M.) creates a stable and secure environment for patients as they stand during ambulation therapy. S.A.M. is a wheeled walker with a unique harness that supports the patient's body weight and controls the patient's pelvis withou"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-13", "GSFC-SO-13", "Biomedical Conferences", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "As a result of Biomedical Conferences, Vivo Metric Systems Co. has produced cardiac electrodes based on NASA technology. Frequently in science, one highly specialized discipline is unaware of relevant advances made in other areas. In an attempt to familiarize researchers in a variety of disciplines "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-130", "GSFC-SO-130", "Intellectual Dummies", "transportation", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center and Triangle Research & Development Corporation collaborated to create Smart Eyes a charge coupled device camera that, for the first time, could read and measure bar codes without the use of lasers. The camera operated in conjunction with software and algorithms created b"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-131", "GSFC-SO-131", "Weather Information Processing", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Science Communications International (SCI), formerly General Science Corporation, has developed several commercial products based upon experience acquired as a NASA Contractor. Among them are METPRO, a meteorological data acquisition and processing system, which has been widely used, RISKPRO, an env"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-132", "GSFC-SO-132", "Bicycle Wheel", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "An aerodynamic bicycle wheel developed by two DuPont engineers and a California company incorporates research into NASA airfoils. Computer modeling was accomplished with MSC/NASTRAN. Each of the three spokes in the wheel is, in effect, an airfoil, maximizing aerodynamic efficiency for racing."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-133", "GSFC-SO-133", "Heat Stress Monitor", "public safety", "GSFC", "The heavy, cumbersome body protection suits worn by members of hazardous materials response teams cause marked elevation of body temperatures, which can reduce effectiveness and lead to heat stress and injury. The CorTemp System, marketed by Human Technologies, Inc., provides the basis for a body te"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-134", "GSFC-SO-134", "Forest Imaging", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "NASA's Technology Applications Center, with other government and academic agencies, provided technology for improved resources management to the Cibola National Forest. Landsat satellite images enabled vegetation over a large area to be classified for purposes of timber analysis, wildlife habitat, r"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-135", "GSFC-SO-135", "Image Processing Software", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "To convert raw data into environmental products, the National Weather Service and other organizations use the Global 9000 image processing system marketed by Global Imaging, Inc. The company's GAE software package is an enhanced version of the TAE, developed by Goddard Space Flight Center to support"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-136", "GSFC-SO-136", "Monitoring Earth's Atmosphere", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Originally developed by Goddard Space Flight Center, the Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) System is now available commercially from Science and Engineering Services, Inc through a technology transfer license. The MPL System is built to characterize numerous details of the composition and dynamics of the atmo"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-137", "GSFC-SO-137", "Monitoring Earth's Ecosystems", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Partnered with Goddard Space Flight Center, Sensit Technologies Inc. developed a third-generation Portable Apparatus for Rapid Acquisitions of Bidirectional Observations of Land and Atmosphere, or PARABOLA III for short. Now commercially available, PARABOLA III is designed to measure the reflected s"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-138", "GSFC-SO-138", "Wireless Communications in Space", "computer technology", "GSFC", "NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense jointly commissioned the research and development of a technology solution to address the challenges and requirements of communicating with their spacecraft. The project yielded a broad suite of protocols specifically designed for space-based communications, k"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-139", "GSFC-SO-139", "Software Management System", "computer technology", "GSFC", "A software management system, originally developed for Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) by Century Computing, Inc. has evolved from a menu and command oriented system to a state-of-the art user interface development system supporting high resolution graphics workstations. Transportable Application"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-14", "GSFC-SO-14", "Arteriosclerosis Detection", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "The Veterans Administration Hospital used computer image-processing techniques to detect arteriosclerosis. Originally developed by Goddard Space Flight Center engineers to enhance spacecraft pictures, this device replaced the previous testing for this disease which was extremely painful and time con"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-140", "GSFC-SO-140", "Cell Libraries", "computer technology", "GSFC", "A NASA contract led to the development of faster and more energy efficient semiconductor materials for digital integrated circuits. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) conducts electrons 4-6 times faster than silicon and uses less power at frequencies above 100-150 megahertz. However, the material is expensive,"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-141", "GSFC-SO-141", "Machine Monitor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "When a printing press jams, damage is extensive, repairs are costly, and time and production loss can be expensive. James River Corporation requested G.W. Shelton, a design engineer with Logical Control Systems to solve this problem. Shelton found the solution in a NASA Tech Brief article describing"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-142", "GSFC-SO-142", "Miniature Heat Pipes", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Small Business Innovation Research contracts from Goddard Space Flight Center to Thermacore Inc. have fostered the company's work on devices tagged heat pipes\" for space application. To control the extreme temperature ranges in space heat pipes are important to spacecraft. The problem was to maintai"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-143", "GSFC-SO-143", "Managing Satellites", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Integral Systems, Inc.'s EPOCH 2000 forms the core of NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission's command and control center. EPOCH 2000, which allows ground operators to monitor and control satellites over a wide area network, owes part of its heritage from work completed to support Godd"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-144", "GSFC-SO-144", "A Gold Medal Finish", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "During the summer of 1999, Darryl Mitchell of Goddard Space Flight Center's Technology Commercialization Office (TCO) met with the U.S. Olympic Committee at the official training facility in Colorado Springs, Colorado, to offer assistance in transferring NASA technologies applicable to Olympic sport"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-145", "GSFC-SO-145", "Mirror Measurement Device", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract led to a commercially available instrument used to measure the shape profile of mirror surfaces in scientific instruments. Bauer Associates, Inc.'s Bauer Model 200 Profilometer is based upon a different measurement concept. The local curvature of "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-146", "GSFC-SO-146", "Super-compact Laser", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Microcosm, Inc. produced the portable Farfield-2 laser for field applications that require high power pulsed illumination. The compact design was conceived through research at Goddard Space Flight Center on laser instruments for space missions to carry out geoscience studies of Earth. An exclusive l"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-147", "GSFC-SO-147", "Ultra-Sensitive Photoreceiver Boosts Data Transmission", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "NASA depends on advanced, ultra-sensitive photoreceivers and photodetectors to provide high-data communications and pinpoint image-detection and -recognition capabilities from great distances. In 2003, Epitaxial Technologies LLC was awarded a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from G"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-149", "GSFC-SO-149", "Hypersonic Composites Resist Extreme Heat and Stress", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Through research contracts with NASA, Materials and Electrochemical Research Corporation (MER), of Tucson, Arizona, contributed a number of technologies to record-breaking hypersonic flights. Through this research, MER developed a coating that successfully passed testing to simulate Mach 10 conditio"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-15", "GSFC-SO-15", "Big Results From a Smaller Gearbox", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "NASA scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center are busy developing the technologies to build the James Webb Space Telescope. Many of the new technologies are available for commercial licensing and development. For example, the NASA Planetary Gear System technology developed to give precise nanom"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-150", "GSFC-SO-150", "Multi-Channel Scaler Cards Improve Data Collection", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Responding to a need for improved data collection for remote atmospheric measurement systems, ASRC Aerospace Corporation developed a series of low-power, highly integrated, multi-channel scaler (MCS) cards. The cards, designed to meet the needs of NASA's ground-based and airborne Light Detection and"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-151", "GSFC-SO-151", "Novel Nanotube Manufacturing Streamlines Production", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Nanotubes have novel qualities that make them uniquely qualified for use in electronics, optics, and other scientific and industrial fields. NASA created a less expensive, safer, and simpler process to manufacture these nanostructures that also increases their quality. After promotion by Goddard's I"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-152", "GSFC-SO-152", "Segmenting Images for a Better Diagnosis", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Originally conceived for use in terrestrial remote sensing applications, NASA's Hierarchical Segmentation (HSEG) software has found its way into a new medical imaging system, allowing for enhanced detection and management of medical conditions and diseases. During a NASA Medical Imaging Workshop, Ba"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-153", "GSFC-SO-153", "Supporting Weather Data", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Global Science & Technology, Inc. (GST), designed the Regional Digital Information Network (RODIN) for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. RODIN is a Web-based information system that employs unique methods for extracting, organizing, and searching metadata. It has the built-in capability to automat"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-154", "GSFC-SO-154", "Detailed Globes Enhance Education and Recreation", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "Orbis World Globes creates inflatable globes-Earthballs-in many sizes that depict Earth as it is seen from space, complete with atmospheric cloud cover. Orbis designs and produces the most visually authentic replicas of Earth ever created, and NASA took notice of Orbis globes and employed a 16-inch "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-155", "GSFC-SO-155", "Tracking Electromagnetic Energy With SQUIDs", "computer technology", "GSFC", "The Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) is a gadget used to measure extremely weak signals, specifically magnetic flux. NASA uses SQUIDs for remote, noncontact sensing in a variety of venues, including monitoring the Earth's magnetic field and tracking brain activity of pilots. STAR "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-156", "GSFC-SO-156", "NASA Innovation Builds Better Nanotubes", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Nanotailor Inc., based in Austin, Texas, licensed Goddard Space Flight Center's unique single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fabrication process with plans to make high-quality, low-cost SWCNTs available commercially. Carbon nanotubes are being used in a wide variety of applications, and NASA's impr"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-157", "GSFC-SO-157", "Robust, Thin Optical Films for Extreme Environments", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract with Goddard Space Flight Center, Luxel Corporation, of Friday Harbor, Washington, developed key materials that will help NASA researchers as they explore the unforgiving environment of space. With NASA's assistance, the company developed "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-158", "GSFC-SO-158", "The Echoes of Earth Science", "computer technology", "GSFC", "NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) acquires, archives, and manages data from all of NASA's Earth science satellites, for the benefit of the Space Agency and for the benefit of others, including local governments, first responders, the commercial remote sensing industr"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-159", "GSFC-SO-159", "A Predictive Approach to Eliminating Errors in Software Code", "computer technology", "GSFC", "NASA's Metrics Data Program Data Repository is a database that stores problem, product, and metrics data. The data repository is operated by NASA's Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) Facility, which is located in Fairmont, West Virginia. By extending its data to public users, the facilit"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-16", "GSFC-SO-16", "Satellite and Ground System Solutions at Your Fingertips", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Integral Systems, Inc., a leading provider of satellite ground systems and the first company to offer an integrated suite of commercial-off-the-shelf software products for satellite command and control, is helping NASA keep a careful watch for any close-encountering asteroids with its tracking techn"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-160", "GSFC-SO-160", "Advanced Systems Map, Monitor, and Manage Earth’s Resources", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "SpecTIR LLC, headquartered in Reno, Nevada, is recognized for innovative sensor design, on-demand hyperspectral data collection, and image-generating products for business, academia, and national and international governments. SpecTIR's current vice president of business development has brought a we"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-161", "GSFC-SO-161", "Celestial Software Scratches More Than the Surface", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Reading Information Technology, Inc. (RITI), of Reading, Massachusetts, is a technical service and software engineering company adapted the NASA Moon- and Mars-mapping data to create a powerful software suite that lets users explore accurate 3-D models of the Moon and Mars. In developing its lunar-m"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-162", "GSFC-SO-162", "Wireless Sensor Network Handles Image Data", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Vexcel Corporation, of Boulder, Colorado, received STTR funding through Goddard Space Flight Center to develop wireless sensor network technology that now aids in the high-speed handling of image data. This technology has uses in both the commercial sector, where it is used to relay satellite imager"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-163", "GSFC-SO-163", "Program Assists Satellite Designers", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Annapolis, Maryland-based designAmerica Inc., a small aerospace company specializing in the development and delivery of ground control systems for satellites and instrumentation, assisted Goddard Space Flight Center in the development of the ASIST software, a real-time command and control system for"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-164", "GSFC-SO-164", "Integrated Circuit Chip Improves Network Efficiency", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Under a 2002 Space Act Agreement, Rockville, Maryland-based BAE Systems Inc. worked with Goddard Space Flight Center to create a SpaceWire-based application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip for bridging existing space electronics and Goddard's new link-and-switch routers. BAE Systems' ASIC in"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-165", "GSFC-SO-165", "Robotic Joints Support Horses and Humans", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Cable-compliant joints developed at Goddard Space Flight Center provided the key elements in the NASA Equine Support Technology (N.E.S.T). The device supports a horse's weight with a special harness and controls the pelvis without restricting hip movement. The human version of the technology, releas"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-166", "GSFC-SO-166", "Ingestible Thermometer Pill Aids Athletes in Beating the Heat", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "In order to monitor the body temperature of astronauts during space flight, NASA teamed up with Johns Hopkins University in the late 1980s to develop an ingestible thermometer pill\" called the Ingestible Thermal Monitoring System. Incorporating a number of space technologies including wireless telem"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-167", "GSFC-SO-167", "Keeping Communication Continuous", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "General Dynamics Decision Systems collaborated with Goddard Space Flight Center to develop transponders, wireless communications devices that pick up and automatically respond to an incoming signal, for NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The company's Fourth Generation TDRSS Us"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-168", "GSFC-SO-168", "Electrical Conductivity in Textiles", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Seeking conductive fibers that could provide lightweight alternatives to heavy copper wiring in a variety of settings, including aerospace, where weight is always a chief concern, NASA partnered with a high-tech textile company that was already experimenting in this field, Syscom Technology, Inc., o"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-169", "GSFC-SO-169", "The Space Laser Business Model", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Creating long-duration, high-powered lasers that can withstand the type of optical damage dished out by the unforgiving climate of space is work unique to NASA. In the 1990s, as this technology was first being created, NASA gave free reign to a group of scientists to develop their own business model"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-17", "GSFC-SO-17", "Leak Detector", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Ni-Tec unit is a modified version of the Lixiscope, a small, battery-powered, portable x-ray instrument. Unit is used as a portable device capable of detecting radioactive leakage. If there were a leak, the radioactivity would illuminate the units viewing screen and identify the source of the leak; "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-170", "GSFC-SO-170", "Optics Program Simplifies Analysis and Design", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Engineers at Goddard Space Flight Center partnered with software experts at Mide Technology Corporation, of Medford, Massachusetts, through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to design the Disturbance-Optics-Controls-Structures (DOCS) Toolbox, a software suite for performing integr"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-171", "GSFC-SO-171", "Circuits Enhance Scientific Instruments and Safety Devices", "public safety", "GSFC", "In 1996, Thomas Crowe and William Bishop founded Virginia Diodes Inc. (VDI), based in Charlottesville, Virginia. VDI now has over 30 full-time employees and grows 30 percent per year, growth Crowe credits to its terahertz products developed under SBIR contracts with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Cente"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-172", "GSFC-SO-172", "Star-Mapping Tools Enable Tracking of Endangered Animals", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Software programmer Jason Holmberg, of Portland, Oregon, partnered with a Goddard Space Flight Center astrophysicist to develop a method for tracking the elusive whale shark using the unique spot patterns on the fish's skin. Employing a star-mapping algorithm originally designed for the Hubble Space"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-173", "GSFC-SO-173", "Satellite-Respondent Buoys Identify Ocean Debris", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "As part of its ocean-observing work, NASA partnered with NOAA and private industry to develop remote sensing technologies for protecting the seas of the North Pacific from derelict fishing gear. As part of this program, Airborne Technologies Inc. (ATI), of Wasilla, Alaska, developed a system using s"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-175", "GSFC-SO-175", "Compact Radiometers Expand Climate Knowledge", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "To gain a better understanding of Earth's water, energy, and carbon cycles, NASA plans to embark on the Soil Moisture Active and Passive mission in 2015. To prepare, Goddard Space Flight Center provided Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding to ProSensing Inc., of Amherst, Massachusetts, "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-176", "GSFC-SO-176", "Technologies Advance UAVs for Science, Military", "public safety", "GSFC", "A Space Act Agreement with Goddard Space Flight Center and West Virginia University enabled Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, of Manassas, Virginia, to develop cost-effective composite manufacturing capabilities and open a facility in West Virginia. The company now employs 160 workers at the plant"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-177", "GSFC-SO-177", "Tools Automate Spacecraft Testing, Operation", "computer technology", "GSFC", "NASA began the Small Explorer (SMEX) program to develop spacecraft to advance astrophysics and space physics. As one of the entities supporting software development at Goddard Space Flight Center, the Hammers Company Inc. (tHC Inc.), of Greenbelt, Maryland, developed the Integrated Test and Operatio"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-178", "GSFC-SO-178", "Solid-State Recorders Enhance Scientific Data Collection", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Under Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Goddard Space Flight Center, SEAKR Engineering Inc., of Centennial, Colorado, crafted a solid-state recorder (SSR) to replace the tape recorder onboard a Spartan satellite carrying NASA's Inflatable Antenna Experiment. Work for that miss"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-18", "GSFC-SO-18", "Structural Analysis", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "NASTRAN basically performs complex analyses of a structural design and predicts how various elements of the design will react to many different conditions of stress and strain. NASTRAN applications include almost every kind of structure and construction, and the program's substructuring capability a"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-180", "GSFC-SO-180", "Stitching Techniques Advance Optics Manufacturing", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Because NASA depends on the fabrication and testing of large, high-quality aspheric (nonspherical) optics for applications like the James Webb Space Telescope, it sought an improved method for measuring large aspheres. Through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards from Goddard Space Fligh"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-181", "GSFC-SO-181", "The Paperless Solution", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Led by Dr. Barry E. Jacobs, researchers from Goddard, in partnership with REI Systems Inc. of Annandale, Virginia, developed a software solution that uses the Internet to eliminate the paperwork typically required to document and manage complex business processes. The data management solution, calle"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-182", "GSFC-SO-182", "Signal Processing Methods Monitor Cranial Pressure", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Dr. Norden Huang, of Goddard Space Flight Center, invented a set of algorithms (called the Hilbert-Huang Transform, or HHT) for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary signals that developed into a user-friendly signal processing technology for analyzing time-varying processes. At an auction managed b"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-183", "GSFC-SO-183", "Do-It-Yourself Additives Recharge Auto Air Conditioning", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "In planning for a return mission to the Moon, NASA aimed to improve the thermal control systems that keep astronauts comfortable and cool while inside a spacecraft. Goddard Space Flight Center awarded a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to Mainstream Engineering Corporation, of Rock"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-184", "GSFC-SO-184", "Imaging Systems Provide Maps for U.S. Soldiers", "public safety", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center worked with Flight Landata Inc., based in North Andover, Massachusetts, to develop a spectral imaging instrument for airborne applications. Through SBIR funding, Flight Landata demonstrated the operational capability of the instruments. Today, the company provides unclass"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-185", "GSFC-SO-185", "NASA Missions Inspire Online Video Games", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "Goddard Space Flight Center and other NASA groups provided funding for Army Game Studio, of Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, and Virtual Heroes of Applied Research Associates, in Raleigh, North Carolina, to develop an online video game to help inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers, and expl"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-186", "GSFC-SO-186", "Electronic Handbooks Simplify Process Management", "computer technology", "GSFC", "REI Systems, a Herndon, Virginia-based small business, received a Goddard Space Flight Center SBIR award to build a framework for storage, retrieval, and update of heterogeneous data objects. Today, the company applies the approach to managing information in every one of their custom software applic"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-187", "GSFC-SO-187", "Software Innovations Speed Scientific Computing", "computer technology", "GSFC", "To help reduce the time needed to analyze data from missions like those studying the Sun, Goddard Space Flight Center awarded SBIR funding to Tech-X Corporation of Boulder, Colorado. That work led to commercial technologies that help scientists accelerate their data analysis tasks. Thanks to its NAS"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-188", "GSFC-SO-188", "Tooling Techniques Enhance Medical Imaging", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Collaborating with Goddard Space Flight Center, Mike Appleby developed a manufacturing process to create specialized components for a NASA Sun-imaging satellite. Through SBIR funding, Appleby_s company, Mikro Systems of Charlottesville, Virginia, perfected the process now used to fabricate advanced "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-189", "GSFC-SO-189", "Content Platforms Meet Data Storage, Retrieval Needs", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Archivas Inc. partnered with Goddard Space Flight Center through the SBIR program to advance technology for archiving and accessing immense amounts of data. Hitachi Data Systems Corporation of Santa Clara, California, acquired the company and now offers the NASA-derived technology to provide powerfu"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-19", "GSFC-SO-19", "Hollow Retroreflectors Offer Solid Benefits", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "A technician who lead a successful team of scientists, engineers, and other technicians in the design, fabrication, and characterization of cryogenic retroreflectors for the NASA Cassini/Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) mission to Saturn, developed a hollow retroreflector technology while work"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-190", "GSFC-SO-190", "Telescope Innovations Improve Speed, Accuracy of Eye Surgery", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "To polish the Webb telescope mirrors, Goddard Space Flight Center enlisted the help of several contractors. WaveFront Sciences, later acquired and renamed Abbott Medical Optics, developed a system for testing the mirrors. The Santa Ana, California-based company now offers a laser vision product, enh"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-191", "GSFC-SO-191", "Emergency Systems Save Tens of Thousands of Lives", "public safety", "GSFC", "To improve distress signal communications, NASA pioneered the Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) system. Since its inception, the international system known as Cospas-Sarsat has resulted in the rescue of more than 30,000 people. Techno-Sciences Inc., of Beltsville, Maryland, has bee"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-192", "GSFC-SO-192", "Microradiometers Reveal Ocean Health, Climate Change", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Partnering with Goddard Space Flight Center through the SBIR program, Biospherical Instruments Inc. of San Diego created modular radiometer instruments that allow scientists to customize the technology for their research needs. The spinoff is now used to monitor the planet's oceans, climate change, "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-193", "GSFC-SO-193", "Diagnostics Tools Identify Faults Prior to Failure", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Through the SBIR program, Rochester, New York-based Impact Technologies LLC collaborated with Ames Research Center to commercialize the Center's Hybrid Diagnostic Engine, or HyDE, software. The fault detecting program is now incorporated into a software suite that identifies potential faults early i"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-194", "GSFC-SO-194", "Interferometers Sharpen Measurements for Better Telescopes", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "NASA worked with 4D Vision Technology- later acquired by Tucson, Arizona-based 4D Technology Corporation- to develop interferometers that could test large space mirrors. 4D created dynamic interferometry and enhanced the technology for optics, astronomy, aerospace, data storage, university research,"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-195", "GSFC-SO-195", "Coatings Preserve Metal, Stone, Tile, and Concrete", "public safety", "GSFC", "John B. Schutt, a chemist at Goddard Space Flight Center, created a coating for spacecraft that could resist corrosion and withstand high heat. After retiring from NASA, Schutt used his expertise to create new formulations for Daytona Beach, Florida-based Adsil Corporation, which now manufactures a "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-196", "GSFC-SO-196", "Software Simplifies the Sharing of Numerical Models", "computer technology", "GSFC", "To ease the sharing of climate models with university students, Goddard Space Flight Center awarded SBIR funding to Reston, Virginia-based Parabon Computation Inc., a company that specializes in cloud computing. The firm developed a software program capable of running climate models over the Interne"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-197", "GSFC-SO-197", "Deformable Mirrors Capture Exoplanet Data, Reflect Lasers", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "To image and characterize exoplanets, Goddard Space Flight Center turned to deformable mirrors (DMs). Berkeley, California-based Iris AO, Inc. worked with Goddard through the SBIR program to improve the companyճ microelectromechanical DMs, which are now being evaluated and used for biological resear"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-198", "GSFC-SO-198", "Water Mapping Technology Rebuilds Lives in Arid Regions", "public safety", "GSFC", "Using NASA Landsat satellite and other remote sensing topographical data, Radar Technologies International developed an algorithm-based software program that can locate underground water sources. Working with international organizations and governments, the firm, which maintains an office in New Bra"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-199", "GSFC-SO-199", "Activity Monitors Help Users Get Optimum Sun Exposure", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "Goddard scientist Shahid Aslam was investigating alternative methods for measuring extreme ultraviolet radiation on the Solar Dynamics Observatory when he hit upon semiconductors that measured wavelengths pertinent to human health. As a result, he and a partner established College Park, Maryland-bas"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-2", "GSFC-SO-2", "Ocean in Motion", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Under a data purchase agreement with Goddard Space Flight Center, Orbital Sciences Corporation has been able to contract building of the Sea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWIFS). Orbital Sciences was then able commercialized the data that the satellite produces. These data are used to create "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-20", "GSFC-SO-20", "Performance Boosting Additive", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "Mainstream Engineering Corporation was awarded Phase I and Phase II contracts from Goddard Space Flight Center's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program in early 1990. With support from the SBIR program, Mainstream Engineering Corporation has developed a unique low cost additive, QwikBoost"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-200", "GSFC-SO-200", "Landsat Data Enriches Google Earth", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Landsat 8 is the latest in the NASA-developed series of satellites that have provided a continuous picture of Earth for more than 40 years. Mountain View, California-based Google has incorporated Landsat data into several products, most recently generating a cloud-free view of Earth. Google has also"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-201", "GSFC-SO-201", "Probes Measure Gases for Environmental Research", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "NASA_s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite will make the first space-based measurements of carbon dioxide in Earth_s atmosphere. In support of the mission, Goddard Space Flight Center will fly air missions from Wallops Flight Facility to gather finer-grained data in areas of interest. Goddard st"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-202", "GSFC-SO-202", "Electrical Monitoring Devices Save on Time and Cost", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "In order to protect the Solar Dynamics Observatory_s instruments from blowing their fuses and being rendered unusable, Goddard Space Flight Center worked with Micropac Industries Inc., based in Garland, Texas, to develop solid-state power controllers, which can depower and then resupply power to an "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-203", "GSFC-SO-203", "Orbital Trajectory Analyzer Takes Mission Planning to New Heights", "transportation", "GSFC", "A team of engineers at Goddard Space Flight Center created the General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT), specializing in trajectory optimization to design better flight plans for their spacecraft. Publicly released in 2013 as open source software, GMAT has been embraced by users around the world, with d"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-204", "GSFC-SO-204", "Single-Photon Lidar Maps Ground Features Quickly, Efficiently", "public safety", "GSFC", "When John Degnan left Goddard Space Flight Center and joined Lanham, Maryland-based Sigma Space Corporation, four decades of NASA laser-ranging experience came with him. Sigma licensed two of Degnan_s Goddard patents and developed low-energy, high-fidelity, airborne single-photon lidar (SPL) imagers"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-205", "GSFC-SO-205", "Multispectral Satellite Imagery Shows Farmers’ Fields in New Light", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "When the Internet was young, Goddard Space Flight Center granted the University of Minnesota funds to develop applications to let the state of Minnesota make use of satellite imagery of its forests. Needing to process datasets and make them accessible on the web, the team created MapServer, an open "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-206", "GSFC-SO-206", "Software Helps Restore Fire-Ravaged Habitats", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "The Bureau of Land Management not only puts out wildfires but also restores the charred land. To help the agency draft its required restoration plans more quickly, Idaho State University wildlife biologist Keith Weber worked with Goddard Space Flight Center scientists through funding from NASA_s Res"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-207", "GSFC-SO-207", "NASA Climate Analytics Support Biological Research", "computer technology", "GSFC", "NASA_s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, or MERRA, integrates data from a variety of observational instruments to create a synthetic data record of the weather. To make the data more accessible to outside researchers, Goddard computer scientists created Climate Analyti"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-208", "GSFC-SO-208", "Cryocoolers Fuel Exploration in Space and on Earth", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "When NASA needed a cryocooler to install on the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, engineers at Goddard Space Flight Center turned to Athens, Ohio-based Sunpower Inc. for help. The company_s cryocoolers feature just two moving parts and have a long lifespan. After 18 SBIR contract"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-209", "GSFC-SO-209", "Laser Vision Helps Hubble, Package Shippers See Clearly", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "In preparation for a repair mission for the Hubble Space Telescope, which was launched with a misshapen mirror, Goddard Space Flight Center issued a call for optics companies to accurately measure replacement parts. AOA Xinetics, a division of Northrop Grumman Corporation based in Cambridge, Massach"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-21", "GSFC-SO-21", "Ocean View", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Analytical Spectral Devices was able to commercialize the engine\" of SeaSpec. The Dual CCD developed for SeaSpec is used in the FieldSpecO Dual UV/VNIR/CCD. This product is very popular for coastal research. It allows for a small suitcase-sized spectrometer to be placed in a boat and the attached fi"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-210", "GSFC-SO-210", "High-Temperature Superconductors Deliver Power without Heat", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "In 2008 Goddard Space Flight Center hired Knoxville, Tennessee-based Tai Yang Research Company, now known as Energy to Power Solutions, to develop superconducting ceramic leads to carry power to an electromagnet operating near absolute zero. While superconductive ceramics operate at higher temperatu"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-211", "GSFC-SO-211", "Wire Sensors Alert to Dangerous Conditions in the Clouds", "public safety", "GSFC", "Under two SBIR contracts with Glenn Research Center, Anasphere Inc. designed a vibrating wire sensor that can give scientists information on how much supercooled liquid water is lurking in the skies. The inexpensive, lightweight sensor is helping NASA develop a ground-based system to warn of dangero"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-212", "GSFC-SO-212", "Miniaturized Vacuum Pumps Play Big Roles on Mars and Earth", "public safety", "GSFC", "One of Curiosity_s tools is a mass spectrometer used to analyze rock and gas samples on the Red Planet. Through a series of SBIR contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Creare Inc., based in Hanover, New Hampshire, built the vacuum chamber for the spectrometer by heavily modifying existing tec"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-213", "GSFC-SO-213", "Novel Threading Enables New Approach to Golf Clubs", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "A researcher at Goddard Space Flight Center came across Spiralock threading, a 1979 invention that increased the clamping power of screws and bolts, enabling them to survive repeated Shuttle launches. He tested it extensively and published the results, after which a variety of industries adopted the"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-214", "GSFC-SO-214", "Satellite Imagery Sheds Light on Agricultural Water Use", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Keeping track of how water gets used across millions of acres of crop land is no simple task. Researchers created a program called EEFlux to make it easier. It works with Earth Engine from Mountain View, California-based Google to quickly map evaporation and transpiration, based on infrared images c"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-215", "GSFC-SO-215", "Earth Observation Spots, Helps Prevent Rainforest Fires", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "A partnership between NASA and Arlington, Virginia-based Conservation International let the company use funding from the Agency_s headquarters and the supercomputing power of the NASA Earth Exchange at Ames Research Center to upgrade, combine, and expand its fire alert and fire risk forecasting syst"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-216", "GSFC-SO-216", "Computer Learning Program Inventories Farmers’ Fields", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Under a 2014 SBIR contract with Goddard Space Flight Center, GeoVisual Analytics of Boulder, Colorado, improved techniques for using satellite imagery to classify land and assess vegetation indexes. The work spawned the Computer Learning Imagery Platform (CLIP), now used with drone images to assess "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-217", "GSFC-SO-217", "Laser Imaging Helps Archaeologists Dig Up History", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Archaeologists are using tools developed for space missions, like remote scanning with lasers, or lidar, to help search for clues to long-ago history. One company making the scanners is Teledyne Optech, a Canadian company with offices in Henrietta, New York, which most recently designed a lidar inst"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-218", "GSFC-SO-218", "Scheduling Software Plans Public, Private Space Missions", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Alex and Ella Herz learned about space mission scheduling while working payload operations at Johnson Space Center, and Alex and Doug George later created scheduling software for a planned lidar mission at Goddard Space Flight Center. The three founded Greenbelt, Maryland-based Orbit Logic, where on"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-219", "GSFC-SO-219", "Power Amplifiers Boost Radar, Communications, Defense Systems", "computer technology", "GSFC", "As a subcontractor under an SBIR contract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, QuinStar Technology Inc. of Torrance, California, developed a solid-state power amplifier of unprecedented efficiency. While most comparable devices lose 20 percent of their amplified energy when their signals recombine, Q"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-22", "GSFC-SO-22", "Firefighters' Radios", "public safety", "GSFC", "Public Technology Inc. asked for NASA assistance to devise the original firefighter's radio. Good short-range radio communications are essential during a fire to coordinate hose lines, rescue victims, and otherwise increase efficiency. Useful firefighting tool is lower cost, more rugged short range "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-220", "GSFC-SO-220", "Optical Filters for NASA Imagers Focus on Cutting Edge", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "For a mission to upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope, Goddard Space Flight Center selected optical filters manufactured by Materion Corporation, based in Westford, Massachusetts. The project stretched the company_s expertise and capabilities and has led to a range of improved products and new devices"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-221", "GSFC-SO-221", "Zinc-Silicate Coating Blocks Corrosion", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "NASA chemists designed an anti-corrosion coating for metals and used it to protect launch structures at Kennedy Space Center from the tropical air as well as the temperature spikes of a rocket launch. Polymer manufacturer Polyset, of Mechanicville, New York, helped the original license holder for th"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-222", "GSFC-SO-222", "Outgassing Test Facility Brings New Materials into Space Industry", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Industry In 2013, the Goddard Space Flight Center Outgassing Laboratory tested four varieties of Windform fiber-reinforced polyimides for their manufacturer, CRP USA, headquartered in Mooresville, North Carolina. The lab found that the materials, which are used for 3D printing, met NASA_s standards "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-223", "GSFC-SO-223", "Compact Spectrometers Unveil Clues to Diagnose Cancer", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Hindsight Imaging Inc. founder Arsen Hajian began working to build a better spectrometer to look for distant planets and stars in the 1990s at the Naval Observatory, where much of his funding came from NASA. Now the Boston-based company’s small but mighty devices—Hajian says they pack the resolution"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-224", "GSFC-SO-224", "Earth Images Enable Near-Perfect Crop Predictions", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "NASA has been enabling and producing constant imaging of Earth’s surface since the 1970s. One of TellusLabs’ cofounders has worked extensively—and often with NASA’s involvement or funding—with this image archive as a Boston University scientist. The Boston-based startup developed a crop prediction m"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-225", "GSFC-SO-225", "NASA Kite Invention Spurs Ever-Growing Educational Program", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "When leaders at Wayne Regional Educational Service Agency (RESA) of Wayne County, Michigan, contacted NASA about aerial monitoring of ponds and streams, they learned of AeroPods, invented at Goddard Space Flight Center’s Wallops Flight Facility. The devices stabilize imagers suspended from kite stri"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-226", "GSFC-SO-226", "Early NASA “Dream Computer Program” Still Optimizes Designs", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Half a century after it was created at Goddard Space Flight Center, NASTRAN remains at the cutting edge of computer-aided engineering as perhaps NASA’s most successful software spinoff. It has helped design everything from cars and turbines to buildings and roller coasters. Its code is also incorpor"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-227", "GSFC-SO-227", "2D Analysis Software Clarifies Medical, Weather, Intelligence Images", "computer technology", "GSFC", "In the 1990s, a Goddard Space Flight Center oceanographer developed a mathematical formula to analyze ocean and atmospheric data, now called the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), but it only worked on a one-dimensional signal. Another Goddard scientist later created software that could apply the transf"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-228", "GSFC-SO-228", "Mission Control Software Manages Commercial Satellite Fleets", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Saber Astronautics—based in Sydney, Australia with offices in Denver—used data from Goddard Space Flight Center’s Advanced Composition Explorer to validate data-mining software that models and predicts the behavior of spacecraft components. Upon validation, the company started building its Predictiv"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-229", "GSFC-SO-229", "Gold Coating Keeps Oscars Bright", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "The Academy Awards is not a place most people look for NASA technology, but it’s there: the coveted Oscar trophy is coated in the same gold that helps telescopes glimpse distant galaxies. In the 1990s, Brooklyn-based Epner Technology, a longtime NASA partner, improved its process to make the gold mo"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-23", "GSFC-SO-23", "Computer Component Tester", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Carlos Horvath of the Burroughs Corporation, inspired by information published in NASA Tech Briefs, developed the AC/DC tester which checks out ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic) devices and their functionality within the computer. Each ECL device has a specific task in the computer's operation; the tester"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-230", "GSFC-SO-230", "Super-Accurate Atomic Clocks Could Aid in Navigation, Communication", "transportation", "GSFC", "Measuring time accurately is crucial for advanced scientific research, but it could also be key for what comes next after GPS, as well as for synchronizing communications satellites. Sunnyvale, California-based AOSense Inc. is working on a portable, world-class atomic clock. Thanks to several SBIR c"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-231", "GSFC-SO-231", "Tiny Star Trackers Help Spacecraft Find Their Place", "computer technology", "GSFC", "NASA tackles some of the universe’s biggest questions, and the tools it needs are often big, in size and cost. But Crofton, Maryland-based Adcole Maryland Aerospace, with SBIR funding from Goddard Space Flight Center, has designed a modern take on an ancient navigation device that is tiny, cheap, an"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-232", "GSFC-SO-232", "Beryllium Blazes New Trail for Telescopes", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "For the James Webb Space Telescope’s mirrors, Goddard Space Flight Center needed a lightweight, durable material that would maintain a stable shape at frigid temperatures. The answer: beryllium, which is stiff and doesn’t change size at temperatures below about -300 °F. Mayfield Heights, Ohio-based "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-233", "GSFC-SO-233", "Low-Outgassing, Space-Grade Coatings Cover Electronics, Sensors, Pacemakers", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Over the last three decades, the Outgassing Lab at Goddard Space Flight Center has tested and validated 10 varieties of Parylene—ultrathin coatings that protect circuit boards and other equipment in space. Like all the lab’s testing data, the Parylene results are listed in a publicly accessible data"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-234", "GSFC-SO-234", "Smaller, Cheaper Lasers Can Detect Gas, Monitor Structures, Take Tissue Images", "public safety", "GSFC", "SBIR and Tipping Point contracts from Goddard Space Flight Center helped Freedom Photonics of Santa Barbara, California, develop tunable lasers for sensing methane and other gases. The lasers are much smaller, cheaper, and more efficient than alternatives and have possible applications in environmen"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-235", "GSFC-SO-235", "Satellite Imagery Helps Farmers Cut Water Use in Half", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Irrigation accounts for around 80 percent of fresh water use across the United States. Oakland, California’s Tule Technologies Inc. aims to improve irrigation efficiency by calculating how much water plants are using and losing daily, in part thanks to data from multiple satellites built at Goddard "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-236", "GSFC-SO-236", "Beowulf Clusters Make Supercomputing Accessible", "computer technology", "GSFC", "In the 1990s, efforts to develop supercomputers were stalling well short of Government goals until a pair of computer engineers at Goddard Space Flight Center successfully used a new, open source operating system to turn a cluster of standard computers into a single supercomputer. Known as the Beowu"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-237", "GSFC-SO-237", "Mission Control Conference System Enables Global Collaboration", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Conference calling is easy and common, but it requires complicated technology that didn’t exist before the 1980s, when NASA wanted to improve its own communications system. Originally, NASA’s global and space networks required constant manual reconfiguration. To upgrade to a digital system, Goddard "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-238", "GSFC-SO-238", "Printed Polymer Makes Integrated Airplane Parts", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, makes it possible to manufacture entirely new structures or integrate existing ones into single components. But for applications like aerospace, high-grade structural materials and extensive testing are required. As part of the America Makes initiative, a publ"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-239", "GSFC-SO-239", "Separation Device Launches New Science Payloads", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Rockets typically come in stages, optimized for different parts of the launch. Ensuring each stage separates correctly is complicated and crucially important. The Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft (IBEX) needed three separation devices. Silver Spring, Maryland-based Planetary Systems Corpora"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-24", "GSFC-SO-24", "Breaking the Wavelength Barrier", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Under an SBIR contract with Goddard Space Flight Center, Focused Research, Inc. and New Focus, Inc., developed a single mode tunable diode laser from 1.9 to 4.0 microns. As an offshoot from this work, they were able to introduce a 2.0 micron diode laser into their commercial product line. These lase"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-240", "GSFC-SO-240", "Tiny Pulsed Lasers Have Medical, Industrial, Military, Environmental Applications", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "To pack more instruments into the Mars 2020 rover than its predecessors, NASA had to shrink components. SBIR contracts overseen by Goddard Space Flight Center paid Q-Peak Inc. of Bedford, Massachusetts, to develop a high-powered, pulsed-energy laser of unprecedented tininess for one of the rover’s s"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-241", "GSFC-SO-241", "Electrostatic Discharge Training Improves Manufacturing Practices", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "The shock you might get when touching a doorknob is electrostatic discharge, and when you’re building sensitive electronics, it can wreak havoc. Goddard Space Flight Center’s Alvin Boutte and others across NASA devise and implement protocols to minimize electrostatic discharge. One tool that helps i"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-242", "GSFC-SO-242", "Eagle Eyes in Treacherous Skies", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "To collect Earth science data, NASA awarded a company SBIR contracts to Black Swift Technologies develop a rugged remotely piloted drone. Now farmers and other industries use it to monitor everything from soil moisture to Arctic atmospheric conditions."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-243", "GSFC-SO-243", "Hierarchical Segmentation Enhances Diagnostic Imaging", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Bartron Medical Imaging LLC (BMI), of New Haven, Connecticut, gained a nonexclusive license from Goddard Space Flight Center to use the RHSEG software in medical imaging. To manage image data, BMI then licensed two pattern-matching software programs from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory that were us"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-244", "GSFC-SO-244", "Answering the Call of Distress", "public safety", "GSFC", "NASA helped establish the Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) system and remains its research and development lead. Now software built with NASA know-how is helping additional satellites significantly improve response time and location accuracy."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-245", "GSFC-SO-245", "Communicating via Long-Distance Lasers", "computer technology", "GSFC", "After a demo flight, NASA partnered with a private company to further develop laser communications technology, and the is now preparing for launch on multiple satellite constellations."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-246", "GSFC-SO-246", "The World at Your Fingertips", "computer technology", "GSFC", "AstroReality uses publicly available NASA data to create models of the Moon and planets that pair with the company’s apps, which provide additional information about specific lunar and planetary features."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-247", "GSFC-SO-247", "NASA-Born Software Helps Weather Forecasting Around the Globe", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Experience gained while working on NASA satellite systems helped Orbit Logic of Greenbelt, Maryland, make improvements to NOAA’s Earth-observing satellite scheduling capabilities, which will be used to get weather-tracking data down to Earth more efficiently."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-248", "GSFC-SO-248", "Computers Tough Enough for Space", "computer technology", "GSFC", "As a member of a collaborative endeavor, NASA Goddard helped develop a more resilient computer to use in CubeSats and SmallSats. Space Micro of San Diego now markets a derivative of this original processor to interested customers in academia and research institutions, plus industry and other NASA ce"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-249", "GSFC-SO-249", "World on Fire", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "A proprietary wildfire prediction model developed by Delos Insurance Solutions of San Francisco combines NASA data and open-source analytics with current climate science to offer property owners accurate risk assessments and the appropriate insurance."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-250", "GSFC-SO-250", "An Ounce of Prevention", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Disaster risk prediction and near-real-time progress reports provided by San Jose, California-based Tenefit let companies mitigate impacts of weather-related disasters in a changing climate with a combination of NASA data, open-source analytics, and other datasets."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-251", "GSFC-SO-251", "‘Flying Blind’ into the Future", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Partnering with NASA to standardize decades of Earth-observation datasets and move them into the cloud, Redlands, California-based Esri helped give everyone access to climate data. The company develops tools to support businesses building their climate-resilience efforts."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-252", "GSFC-SO-252", "Water, Water Everywhere", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "A state-of-the-art flood risk modeling tool developed by Brooklyn, New York-based First Street Foundation uses NASA Earth-observation data and open-source analytics to assess flood risk for any U.S. address, making it a valuable resource for property developers, businesses, and homeowners."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-253", "GSFC-SO-253", "Telescope Mirror Tech Improves Eye Surgery", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "A system for guiding LASIK eye surgery is a by-product of early research on the James Webb Space Telescope mirrors. Santa Ana, California-based Johnson & Johnson Vision’s iDesign Refractive Studio, used by eye doctors around the world, incorporates algorithms developed by a Webb subcontractor as par"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-254", "GSFC-SO-254", "New Image Analysis Supports New Farming Techniques", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Perennial of Boulder, Colorado, learned how to use data from Landsat and other satellites to determine soil carbon levels. Now the company helps farmers who want to earn carbon credits for changing their practices, food companies that want to reduce their carbon footprints, and many others."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-255", "GSFC-SO-255", "Pulling Moisture Data from the Air", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Situated in the river delta that supplies most of California’s freshwater, Brett Baker’s family pear farm in Sacramento County is required to monitor its water use. It was impossible to get useful data, though, until the release of OpenET, a platform that uses Landsat data to calculate evapotranspir"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-256", "GSFC-SO-256", "Landsat Maps a Path for Companies", "computer technology", "GSFC", "When it started, Mapbox Inc. of Washington, D.C., relied on Landsat to build images of the planet. Today, Mapbox, which provides a platform and data for developers to build map-based applications, is a $1 billion company with dozens of household names among its customers."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-257", "GSFC-SO-257", "Device for Analyzing Deep Space Could Detect Tumors, Air Particles", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "NASA pulls data from deep space and elsewhere using microchannel plates, devices that amplify particles or photons, making faint signals detectable. Under NASA SBIR contracts, Charlton, Massachusetts-based Incom Inc. has developed curved microchannel plates that can fit directly on instruments – fro"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-258", "GSFC-SO-258", "Commercial Space: NASA Has an App for That", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Commercial space vehicles, from satellites to lunar landers, need flight software. Red Canyon Software Inc. uses an open-source program developed by Goddard Space Flight Center to help businesses get to space faster and cheaper. Apps that the Denver-based company built off the software are quickly a"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-259", "GSFC-SO-259", "Taking the Pulse of Earth", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "By combining NASA satellite data and imagery with proprietary artificial intelligence developed by terraPulse, Inc. the North Potomac, MD-based business makes it possible for companies to monitor changes to the Earth’s surface now and across the past 40 years."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-26", "GSFC-SO-26", "Taking the Heat Off Thermal Loads", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Under an SBIR contract with Goddard Space Flight Center, (NAS5-32730), Frederick A. Costello, Inc., has developed a low-cost computer program for integrating thermal modeling with other engineering disciplines. TCON(tm) Concurrent Engineering Software enables graphical user-interface programs to cre"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-260", "GSFC-SO-260", "Farmers Get Tools from Space", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "IrriWatch BV of Wageningen, Netherlands, uses streams of publicly available data from NASA-built instruments in orbit, including the Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, to calculate plant stress and other factors important to agriculture for"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-261", "GSFC-SO-261", "Satellites 'See' Sea Turtles, Ocean Threats", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "The Argos satellite technology operated by National Center for Space Studies in Ramonville Saint-Agne, France, serves as a wildlife tracking resource. Once an international partnership in conjunction with NASA, the now-privately held GPS service tracks location and sensor data for tagged birds and s"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-262", "GSFC-SO-262", "Keeping Beds in the Goldilocks Zone", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "Using his former experience as an engineer working on spacesuit environmental control systems, the founder of Bedjet LLC of Newport, Rhode Island, designed a cooling system to keep each side of the bed at its occupant’s ideal temperature."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-263", "GSFC-SO-263", "Making the Most of Meticulous Measurements", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "When NASA needed to make sure telescope mirrors were perfectly flat, 4D Technology of Tucson, Arizona, was contracted to develop measuring instruments that could ensure the James Webb Space Telescope could see distant galaxies. This equipment is now used to test precision optics of all kinds, from c"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-264", "GSFC-SO-264", "Aqua Solutions for Terra Firma", "computer technology", "GSFC", "To provide weather information to underserved farming communities in India, ilika Geospatial LLC of Edison, New Jersey, developed a weather app that uses data from the Aqua and Terra satellites operated by Goddard Space Flight Center to provide an accurate forecast in the Indian subcontinent, and th"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-265", "GSFC-SO-265", "A Huge Development for Tiny Satellites", "transportation", "GSFC", "To fit tiny satellites into tinier spaces on launch vehicles, Goddard Space Flight Center developed a new equipment-deployment system that’s more reliable than previous solutions. Thermal Management Technologies LLC of Logan, Utah, later licensed this technology for use on commercial satellites."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-266", "GSFC-SO-266", "Ballooning Business for Shrinking Cameras", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Miniaturized sensors that fly on a zero-pressure balloon collect data and take pictures that are as expansive as satellite images but are more precise. Denver-based Urban Sky Inc. leveraged SBIR funding from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to create sensors lighter than off-the-shelf options."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-267", "GSFC-SO-267", "Make Way for Satellites", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Using experience gained managing orbital awareness for NASA missions at Goddard Space Flight Center, Kayhan Space of Broomfield, Colorado, assists commercial space operators by providing software that ensures satellites don’t get dangerously close to other spacecraft or debris in the crowded space o"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-268", "GSFC-SO-268", "Hard(ware) to the Core", "computer technology", "GSFC", "To emulate its SP0-S single-board computer, Aitech Systems of Chatsworth, California, uses the core Flight System software framework developed at Goddard Space Flight Center, enabling companies to test how programs would run on the space-based computer without needing physical hardware."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-269", "GSFC-SO-269", "View From the Sky Helps Predict Crop Yields", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Argentinian company SIMA offers a crop yield forecasting feature for its farming app, developed with help from NASA Harvest, an agricultural consortium led by University of Maryland Researchers using satellite data and expertise from Goddard Space Flight Center."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-27", "GSFC-SO-27", "Space Paint", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Developed at Goddard, this improved inorganic paint may help protect coastal bridges subject to extreme corrosion from seawater spray. Potassium silicate formulated into a thin waterbase binder that sprays easily, adheres readily, and can be heavily loaded with zinc particles to provide uniform cove"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-270", "GSFC-SO-270", "Feeding People Through Disasters", "public safety", "GSFC", "Washington-based World Central Kitchen uses data from satellites in low Earth orbit to build maps supporting staff and volunteers distributing food and water in disaster areas. The nonprofit gets the data from NASA’s Earth Observing System, which has its Project Science Office at Goddard Space Fligh"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-271", "GSFC-SO-271", "Filtering Out Risk", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "The World Wide Fund for Nature, whose U.S. headquarters is in Washington, D.C., uses Earth-observation data managed by Goddard Space Flight Center in its Risk Filter Suite. The platform informs businesses’ understanding of the natural resources they require and tracks risks to those resources."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-272", "GSFC-SO-272", "Old Software Enables New Missions", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Trajectory design and visualization software NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center funded in the late 1980s has evolved into Astrogator, part of the Systems Tool Kit from Canonsburg, Pennsylvania-based Ansys. The software has been used in numerous NASA and commercial missions."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-273", "GSFC-SO-273", "Spotting Invisible Gas Leaks", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Momentick of Tel Aviv, Israel, applies proprietary image-processing algorithms to data from several Earth-imaging satellites, especially from the Landsat missions, which Goddard Space Flight Center manages for NASA, to spot otherwise invisible plumes of methane escaping from oil and gas operations."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-274", "GSFC-SO-274", "Forecasting Fish from Space", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Roffer’s Ocean Fishing Forecasting Service, or ROFFS, of West Melbourne, Florida, uses data about ocean color and surface temperature, gathered by Earth-observation satellites and made available through Goddard Space Flight Center, to forecast the presence of big game fish for anglers."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-275", "GSFC-SO-275", "A Planetary Sensor’s Earthly Applications", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Technology supported by NASA for identifying planetary conditions is used on Earth by frackers and others. The photodiodes from Greenbelt, Maryland-based CoolCAD Electronics Inc. have received Goddard Space Flight Center funding, including through the SBIR program."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-276", "GSFC-SO-276", "Knowledge Is Battery Power", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "After working with Goddard Space Flight Center on Small Business Innovation Research grants, the founder of Electra Vehicles transferred the knowledge he gained and technology he developed to the field of electric vehicle battery management systems."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-277", "GSFC-SO-277", "From Pluto to Farms and Pharmaceuticals", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "A filter technology used in numerous NASA missions, including Goddard Space Flight Center’s Pluto-exploring New Horizons, is at the heart of Chandler, Arizona-based VIAVI Solutions’ MicroNIR, a handheld spectrometer that analyzes materials and ingredients on Earth."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-278", "GSFC-SO-278", "Saving Lives at Sea and on Land", "public safety", "GSFC", "Satellites carrying Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking technology act as the link between emergency beacons and worldwide search and rescue teams. ACR Electronics of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, manufactures locator beacons according to specifications developed in part by Goddard Space Flight C"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-279", "GSFC-SO-279", "Mapping a World of Data", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Esri’s Living Atlas offers a bird’s-eye view of Earth by combining free Earth-observation data from Goddard Space Flight Center with other resources. Continual updates by the Redlands, California-based company feed into apps that monitor everything from air quality and wildfires to hurricanes and sh"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-28", "GSFC-SO-28", "A Boon for the Diabetic", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Diabetics are no longer concerned with scheduling activities around peaking insulin levels since the use of an external pump from Pacesetter Systems, Inc. used to deliver insulin continuously at a preprogrammed individually adjusted rate. The pump wearer can lead a more normal existence, even partic"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-29", "GSFC-SO-29", "Ultra-Precision Optics", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Under a Joint Sponsored Research Agreement with Goddard Space Flight Center, SEMATECH, Inc., the Silicon Valley Group, Inc. and Tinsley Laboratories, known as SVG-Tinsley, developed an Ultra-Precision Optics Manufacturing System for space and microlithographic applications. Continuing improvements i"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-3", "GSFC-SO-3", "Turning Gas Into Greens", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Scientists from Cook College, Rutgers University, and Stevens Institute of Technology conducted studies to create an experimental greenhouse that uses methane from decomposing trash to fuel a system that makes food. Biogasses created by the anaerobically decomposing trash are necessary to fulfill th"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-30", "GSFC-SO-30", "Heat Resistant Paint", "transportation", "GSFC", "NASA technology contributed to the development of heat resistant paint, allowing Sperex to perfect its own formulations. Inorganic paint protects hot parts of automobiles. Paint also used on car and truck exhaust systems, firewalls, brake drums and engine manifolds."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-31", "GSFC-SO-31", "Technology and Pregnant Pigs", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Ithaco, Inc., under a NASA contract developed the Scanopreg which is ultrasonic system which detects pregnancy about 30 days after breeding, long before eyeballing can provide an answer. Dual function unit not only determines pregnancy but also gives farmers an analysis of a hog's meat-fat ratio, an"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-32", "GSFC-SO-32", "Circuit Connectors", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Digi-Klips, manufactured by Components Corp., are U-shaped wire devices, that aid for compact packaging of electrical and electronic devices. These mechanisms were first developed at Goddard as wire connectors in spacecraft. They serve as connectors linking circuitry of one circuit board with anothe"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-33", "GSFC-SO-33", "Laser Research", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Eastman Kodak is using a COSMIC computer program called LACOMA in the analysis of laser optical systems, and camera design studies. They report that use of program has provided development time savings and reduced computer service fees."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-34", "GSFC-SO-34", "Star Mapper", "computer technology", "GSFC", "A COSMIC program known as Skymap Star Catalog and Data Base provides a very accurate star map. The data assists Perkin Elmer Corporation in designing an optical system of proper size and field of view, and confirms the design integrity of star sensors which are very accurate and represent a major ad"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-35", "GSFC-SO-35", "Space Technology for Book Preservation", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "The Library of Congress has patented a process to extend book life. It is called vapor phased deacidification, and involves use of DEZ, a chemical vapor which neutralizes acid and deposits an alkaline reserve on book pages. As the process must be done in an airless environment, the library utilized "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-36", "GSFC-SO-36", "Parallel Processing System", "computer technology", "GSFC", "In order to process very high resolution image data from spacecraft sensors, Goddard Space Flight Center commissioned the development of a Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) based upon simultaneous processing of image picture elements (pixels) rather than serial processing. It resulted in a consider"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-37", "GSFC-SO-37", "Model 222 Helicopter Using NASTRAN", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Model 222 helicopter is one of family of commercial military aircraft built by Bell Helicopter. They use NASTRAN to analyze loads on all airframes and rotor systems. NASTRAN analysis has provided a five percent savings in airframe structure weight in addition to saving development time. Under previo"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-38", "GSFC-SO-38", "LNG Tank Using NASTRAN", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "LNG Tank designed by Conch LNG and constructed by Avondale Shipyards, Inc. is built into a ship hull to carry liquefied natural gas at extremely low temperatures. Each of three new Avondale ships has five huge Conch tanks, the largest holding 30,000 cubic meters of LNG. NASTRAN helped analyze such f"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-39", "GSFC-SO-39", "Gates Learjet Model 34/36 Using NASTRAN", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Wing of Gates Learjet model 35/36 looks simple but is actually complex. Because earlier methods of designing and testing the wing were very time consuming, Gates Learjet Corporation developed a NASTRAN wing model for structural analysis of future versions of the popular 10-place business jet."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-4", "GSFC-SO-4", "Stresses and Strains", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Computerized Structural Analysis and Research Corporation (CSAR) flagship product is CSA/NASTRAN, a Finite Element Analysis program for structural, thermal, aeroelastic and acoustic analysis. CSAR's first products were software products for performing structural optimization in conjunction with MSC/"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-40", "GSFC-SO-40", "Poultry Industry Energy Research", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "The poultry industry, a multi-billion dollar business, uses great amounts of energy in such operations as broiler growing, feed manufacturing, poultry processing and packaging. Poultry producers are seeking ways to reduce energy expenditures. NASA is providing assistance and previous wind turbine po"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-41", "GSFC-SO-41", "Briefcase Communicator", "public safety", "GSFC", "A battery-powered communication system is demonstrated, sufficiently compact to be packed in a briefcase-size container which can send and receive signals over great distances by means of satellite relay. Key to system's efficiency is the high-powered transmitting and receiving equipment aboard such"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-42", "GSFC-SO-42", "Comfort for Sportsmen", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "MPI Outdoor Safety Products developed aluminized mylar to make Echo Satellites more reflective, to insulate cryogenic fluids, and for space suit insulation. This technology has spun off to a variety of consumer products. Sportsman's blankets and jackets, ski parkas, sleeping bags, and even life-raft"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-43", "GSFC-SO-43", "Secure Future", "public safety", "GSFC", "Thread Technology, Inc., developed the ZipNut, a fastening device that is pushed rather than turned. It was originally developed for space shuttle and space station applications. The ZipNut can be used for a variety of applications, including firefighting, aerospace, gas fittings, and manufacturing."], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-44", "GSFC-SO-44", "Intelligent Highway System", "transportation", "GSFC", "Under contract to the Texas Department of Transportation, AlliedSignal Technical Services developed the Transportation Guidance System (TransGuide) used in San Antonio, Texas. The system monitors the passage of traffic over the sensors embedded in the roadways and detects incidents. Control center o"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-45", "GSFC-SO-45", "Temperature Capsule", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "An ingestible mini-thermometer capable of measuring and relaying internal body temperatures is marketed by Human Technologies, Inc. The CorTemp system, developed by Goddard Space Flight Center and Applied Physics Lab, incorporates space technologies, among them telemetry and microminiaturized circui"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-46", "GSFC-SO-46", "Portable X-Ray Device", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Portable x-ray instrument developed by NASA now being produced commercially as an industrial tool may soon find further utility as a medical system. The instrument is Lixiscope - Low Intensity X-Ray Imaging Scope -- a self-contained, battery-powered fluoroscope that produces an instant image through"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-47", "GSFC-SO-47", "Thermal Analysis Software", "computer technology", "GSFC", "A new version of Space Payload Thermal Analyzer (SSPTA) that can be used on a 386 personal computer was developed by Nicholas Teti. SSPTA/386 software package includes the programs that Goddard has traditionally used in thermal design and analysis. The original programs were modified to run on the 3"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-48", "GSFC-SO-48", "Longer Life for Steel Structures", "public safety", "GSFC", "IC 531 is a coating manufactured and marketed by Inorganic Coatings, Inc. The coating was developed by Goddard to protect structures at Kennedy Space Center. It is a high ratio potassium silicate formula. The coating is water based, nontoxic, and nonflammable. It generates no volatile organic compou"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-49", "GSFC-SO-49", "Simulation Accelerator", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Under a NASA SBIR contract, (NAS5-30905), EAI Simulation Associates, Inc., developed a new digital simulation computer, Starlight(tm). With an architecture based on the analog model of computation, Starlight(tm) outperforms all other computers on a wide range of continuous system simulation. This sy"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-5", "GSFC-SO-5", "Tracking the Double Eagle", "transportation", "GSFC", "Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson, and Larry Newman made aviation history piloting their balloon from Presque Isle, Maine to Miserey, France. They were the first to negotiate a successful Atlantic crossing in a free flying balloon after a score of attempts over a span of more than a century. Carried aboar"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-50", "GSFC-SO-50", "Space Imaging in Medicine", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Bone blocks underlying tissue, making it difficult to get clear x-rays of soft body tissues. A promising improvement: use of filters such as those employed on the Landsat Earth Resources Satellite, to block out bone and enhance soft tissue images. Simple inexpensive system consists of a filter and o"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-51", "GSFC-SO-51", "Engineering Performance", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Under Goddard Space Flight Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory SBIR contracts, AST Engineering Services, Inc. developed a system engineering computer software tool to model how certain application will affect a proposed system's performance. Quantitative System Engineering (QASE) evaluates system t"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-52", "GSFC-SO-52", "Programming for Design", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Pullman-Standard Inc. used NASTRAN to simulate the dynamic behavior of rugged railroad cars for bulk commodity transport. NASTRAN was originally written to help design more efficient space vehicles and is by far the most widely used computer program to emerge from the Space Program. NASTRAN helps an"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-53", "GSFC-SO-53", "Storing Blood Cells", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "The National Cancer Institute worked with Goddard Space Flight Center to propose a solution to the blood-cell freezing problem. White blood cells and bone marrow are stored for future use by leukemia patients as a result of Goddard and Jet Propulsion Laboratory expertise in electronics and cryogenic"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-54", "GSFC-SO-54", "Computer Construction Programs", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "NASA has developed a number of general purpose computer programs that are available to the private sector. Most widely used is NASTRAN (NASA Structural Analysis Program). NASTRAN electronically analyzes a computerized design and predicts how it will react to many different conditions of stress and s"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-55", "GSFC-SO-55", "Piping Flexibility", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "NASA computer program aids Hudson Engineering Corporation in design and construction of huge petrochemical processing plants. Pipes handling flow of chemicals are subject to variety of stresses such as weight and variations in pressure and temperature. They use a COSMIC piping flexibility analysis c"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-56", "GSFC-SO-56", "Insulin Delivery System", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "When Programmable Implantable Medication System (PIMS) is implanted in human body, it delivers precise programmed amounts of insulin over long periods of time. Mini-Med Technologies has been refining the Technologies since initial development at APL. The size of a hockey puck, and encased in titaniu"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-57", "GSFC-SO-57", "Saving Strokes with Space Technology", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "Inventor Dave Pelz developed a space spinoff Teacher Alignment Computer for Sunmark Preceptor Golf Ltd. which helps golfers learn proper putting aim. The light beam, reflected into the computer, measures putter alignment and lights atop the box tell the golfer he is on target or off to either side a"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-58", "GSFC-SO-58", "Surveying Forest Lands", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "The forest service has 187 million acres of land in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Accurately marking boundaries of such extensive property is obviously a monumental task. Survey originally estimated as a 24 year job because mountains, trees, and thick bushes block direct sightings between two points. Go"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-59", "GSFC-SO-59", "Anti-Corrosion Coating", "transportation", "GSFC", "Because of exposure to salt spray, coastal, or ocean structures; bridges, ships, oil rigs, and pipelines require more corrosion protection than is needed inland. NASA Goddard developed a zinc rich coating with a special binder that exhibits longer life and superior adhesion characteristics, so that "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-6", "GSFC-SO-6", "Weather Forecasting Aid", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Carlton Controls Corporation incorporated NASA's space shuttle technology into the development of the meteorological instrument called a barograph. This instrument traces historical ups and downs of barometric pressure and plots a rising or falling curve. Barorator provides a reading of barometric r"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-60", "GSFC-SO-60", "Semiconductor Cubing", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Through Goddard Space Flight Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Small Business Innovation Research contracts, Irvine Sensors developed a three-dimensional memory system for a spaceborne data recorder and other applications for NASA. From these contracts, the company created the Memory Short Stack "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-61", "GSFC-SO-61", "A New Look for Greenbelt", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Greenbelt Homes' management asked its neighbor, Goddard Space Flight Center, for assistance in setting up a solar energy project. To study effectiveness, Goddard instrumented the building to determine oil consumption, water usage and temperatures. Goddard engineers recorded information for two winte"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-62", "GSFC-SO-62", "Early Warning Signs", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Developed under an SBIR contract with Goddard Space Flight Center, Jentek Sensors, Inc.'s GridStation Measurement System provides thermal spray coating thickness, porosity, and age degradation monitoring capability using conformable inductive and capacitative sensors and model-based grid measurement"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-63", "GSFC-SO-63", "Piping Analysis", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Burns & McDonnell provide architectural and engineering services in planning, design and construction of a wide range of projects all over the world. In design analysis, company regularly uses COSMIC computer programs. In computer testing piping design of a power plant, company uses Pipe Flexibility"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-64", "GSFC-SO-64", "A Beacon for Baltimore", "consumer/home/recreation", "GSFC", "High on the mainmast of the clipper Pride of Baltimore, crew members have installed a NASA-developed satellite beacon which enables continual tracking of the ship as she roams the seas on goodwill tours. The simple 10-pound beacon affixed to Pride's mainmast allows Baltimore's Operational Sail to ke"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-65", "GSFC-SO-65", "Loose Particle Detection", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "PIND, developed by Dunegan/Endevco is an acronym for Particle Impact Noise Detection, a means of finding tiny, loose conductive particles introduced during fabrication of integrated circuits, which sometimes cause system failures. One type of automated system used for PIND testing has undergone a st"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-66", "GSFC-SO-66", "Marine Life Study", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "As a result of widespread ocean dumping and other pollution problems, marine scientists at Morgan State University are studying the populations of various marine organisms to determine the effects of pollution. They are also compiling data on the aging of marine organisms. There now exists a new met"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-67", "GSFC-SO-67", "Space Coatings for Industry", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Ball Aerospace developed entirely new space lubrication technologies. A new family of dry lubricants emerged from Apollo, specifically designed for long life in space, together with processes for applying them to spacecraft components in microscopically thin coatings. Lubricants worked successfully "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-68", "GSFC-SO-68", "Farmland Survey", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "A 1981 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) study estimated that the nation is converting farmland to non-agricultural uses at the rate of 3 million acres a year. Seeking information on farmland loss in Florida, the state legislature, in 1984, directed establishment of a program for development of "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-69", "GSFC-SO-69", "NASA/State Education Cooperation", "", "GSFC", "NASA is cooperating with state departments of education in a number of special education programs. An example is Maryland Summer Centers for Gifted and Talented Students sponsored by the Maryland State Department of Education. Some 2,600 students participated in the 1990 program. One of the 12 cente"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-7", "GSFC-SO-7", "Business is Beaming", "computer technology", "GSFC", "Terabeam has developed a Fiberless OpticalT Network that transmits broadband data from office buildings to the nation's wide-area networks (WANs), without digging up the streets. A key component of Terabeam's Fiberless Network is Large Aperture Holographic Optic technology, developed by Ralcon Devel"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-70", "GSFC-SO-70", "Weather Data Receiver", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Northern Video Graphics, Inc. developed a low-cost satellite receiving system for users such as independent meteorologists, agribusiness firms, small airports or flying clubs, marine vessels and small TV stations. Called Video Fax, it is designed for use with certain satellites; the GOES (Geostation"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-71", "GSFC-SO-71", "Agricultural Aircraft Aid", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Farmers are increasingly turning to aerial applications of pesticides, fertilizers and other materials. Sometimes uneven distribution of the chemicals is caused by worn nozzles, improper alignment of spray nozzles or system leaks. If this happens, job must be redone with added expense to both the pi"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-72", "GSFC-SO-72", "Auto Design", "transportation", "GSFC", "The 1987 Honda Acura Legend Coupe was designed with aid of the NASA-developed NASTRAN computer program. NASTRAN takes an electronic look at a computerized design and predicts how the structure will react under a great many different conditions. Quick and inexpensive, it minimizes trial and error in "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-73", "GSFC-SO-73", "Spinoff from Space Astronomy", "", "GSFC", "American Science and Engineering (AS&E) built NASA's first x-ray telescope, flown on OSO-4, and developed the x-ray detectors that operated flawlessly for four years aboard SAS-1. The experience AS&E acquired in detecting and processing cosmic x-rays gave the company a broad technology base for comm"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-74", "GSFC-SO-74", "Robot Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Martin Marietta Aero and Naval Systems has advanced the CAD art to a very high level at its Robotics Laboratory. One of the company's major projects is construction of a huge Field Material Handling Robot for the Army's Human Engineering Lab. Design of FMR, intended to move heavy and dangerous mater"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-75", "GSFC-SO-75", "Machine Tool Software", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "A NASA-developed software package has played a part in technical education of students who major in Mechanical Engineering Technology at William Rainey Harper College. Professor Hack has been using (APT) Automatically Programmed Tool Software since 1969 in his CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design and Manuf"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-76", "GSFC-SO-76", "Meteorological Instruction Software", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "At Florida State University and the Naval Postgraduate School, meteorology students have the opportunity to apply theoretical studies to current weather phenomena, even prepare forecasts and see how their predictions stand up utilizing GEMPAK. GEMPAK can display data quickly in both conventional and"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-77", "GSFC-SO-77", "Anodizing Process", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "This anodizing process traces its origin to the 1960's when Reynolds Metals Company, under contract with Goddard Space Flight Center, developed a multipurpose anodizing electrolyte (MAE) process to produce a hard protective finish for spacecraft aluminum. MAE produces a high-density, abrasion-resist"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-78", "GSFC-SO-78", "Advanced Pacemaker", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Synchrony, developed by St. Jude Medical's Cardiac Rhythm Management Division (formerly known as Pacesetter Systems, Inc.) is an advanced state-of-the-art implantable pacemaker that closely matches the natural rhythm of the heart. The companion element of the Synchrony Pacemaker System is the Progra"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-79", "GSFC-SO-79", "New Life for Miss Liberty", "public safety", "GSFC", "Corrosion protection for the Statue of Liberty's interior structure is provided by a coating called IC 531, manufactured by Inorganic Coatings, Inc. The coating was developed by Goddard to protect structures at KSC. Inorganic Coatings has an exclusive to this high ratio potassium silicate formula. T"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-80", "GSFC-SO-80", "Low Current Magnet", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Because Goddard Space Flight Center needed a way to cool sensors aboard the AXAF, a low current superconducting magnet was developed under contract by Cryomagnetics, Inc. The magnet, now commercially available, reduced the rate of helium consumption, extending the lifetime of the AXAF's x-ray spectr"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-81", "GSFC-SO-81", "Programmable Pacemaker", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Released in 1995, the Trilogy cardiac pacemaker is the fourth generation of a unit developed in the 1970s by NASA, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory and St. Jude Medical's Cardiac Rhythm Management Division (formerly known as Pacesetter Systems, Inc.). The new system incorporates the company'"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-82", "GSFC-SO-82", "Implantable Heart Aid", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "CPI's human-implantable automatic implantable defibrillator (AID) is a heart assist system, derived from NASA's space circuitry technology, that can prevent erratic heart action known as arrhythmias. Implanted AID, consisting of microcomputer power source and two electrodes for sensing heart activit"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-83", "GSFC-SO-83", "Protective Coating", "public safety", "GSFC", "Inorganic Coatings, Inc.'s K-Zinc 531 protective coating is water-based non-toxic, non-flammable and has no organic emissions. High ratio silicate formula bonds to steel, and in 30 minutes, creates a very hard ceramic finish with superior adhesion and abrasion resistance. Improved technology allows "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-84", "GSFC-SO-84", "Subsurface Mapping", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Target areas for sinking base holes, underground pipelines, etc., can be identified with the assistance of NASA Ames developed technology, by Airborne Pipeline Services, Inc. Subsurface features are computer processed; the system can cover 250 miles a day and was first developed by Applied Science, "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-85", "GSFC-SO-85", "Atmospheric Radiation Study", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "A model which simulates the sensitivity of satellite-measured solar radiation to changes in relative humidity was developed by AER under contract to the Office of Naval Research. AER uses the model to support meteorological analysis and evaluate the use of satellites in relation to marine aerosols/o"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-86", "GSFC-SO-86", "A View from Above Without Leaving the Ground", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "In 1996, Goddard Space Flight Center agreed to establish a Regional Applications Center at Florida International University. TerraFly, one of the projects stemming from the collaborative effort, makes it possible for users to fly over\" vast areas of land using only an ordinary Web browser. TerraFly "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-87", "GSFC-SO-87", "Yacht Race Monitoring", "public safety", "GSFC", "Observer Single-handed Transatlantic Race (OSTAR) participants were aided by a French-American space-based monitoring system which reported the yacht's positions throughout the race, and also served as an emergency locator service. Originating from NASA's Nimbus 6 Satellite, use of this system, call"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-88", "GSFC-SO-88", "Pumped up Lasers", "industrial productivity", "GSFC", "Cutting Edge Optronics released the first of potentially three products to result from an SBIR contract with Goddard Space Flight Center. The first commercial result is the WhisperMiniSlab, a diode pump for high performance laser systems. The slab uses a zig-zag path through the laser crystal which "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-89", "GSFC-SO-89", "Self Locking Fasteners", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "GSFC", "Detroit Tool Industries' Spiralock threading tool solves a major industrial problem, fasteners coming loose under vibration. Loosening is caused between the flanks of the bolt and nut threads. This lateral movement releases the locking friction that holds the joint together. Spiralock is a uniquely "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-9", "GSFC-SO-9", "Pest Control on the “Fly”", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "FlyCrackerR, a non-toxic and environmentally safe pesticide, can be used to treat and control fly problems in closed environments such as milking sheds, cattle barns and hutches, equine stables, swine pens, poultry plants, food-packing plants, and even restaurants, as well as in some outdoor animal "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-90", "GSFC-SO-90", "Digital Radiography", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "System One, a digital radiography system, incorporates a reusable image medium (RIM) which retains an image. No film is needed; the RIM is read with a laser scanner, and the information is used to produce a digital image on an image processor. The image is stored on an optical disc. System allows th"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-91", "GSFC-SO-91", "X-Ray Imaging System", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "The FluoroScan Imaging System is a high resolution, low radiation device for viewing stationary or moving objects. It resulted from NASA technology developed for x-ray astronomy and Goddard application to a low intensity x-ray imaging scope. FlouroScan Imaging Systems, Inc, (formerly HealthMate, Inc"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-92", "GSFC-SO-92", "Space Derived Health Aids (Cardiac Pacemaker)", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "St. Jude Medical's Cardiac Rhythm Management Division's (formerly known as Pacesetter Systems, Inc.) pacer is a rechargeable cardiac pacemaker that eliminates the recurring need for surgery to implant a new battery. The Programalith is an advanced cardiac pacing system which permits a physician to r"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-93", "GSFC-SO-93", "Space Derived Health Aids (PRN, Neuropacemaker)", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "St. Jude Medical's (formerly known as Pacesetter Systems, Inc.) Programmable Rechargeable Neuropacemaker (PRN) is an implantable human tissue stimulator designed to provide relief to patients with disorders treatable by electrical stimulation. Examples are back, leg, and arm pain, cancer pain and mu"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-94", "GSFC-SO-94", "Space Derived Health Aids (AID, Heart Monitor)", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "CPI's spinoff from miniaturized pace circuitry is the new heart-assist device, the AID implantable automatic pulse generator. AID pulse generator monitors the heart continuously, recognizes onset of fibrillation, then administers a corrective electrical shock. A mini-computer, a power source, and tw"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-95", "GSFC-SO-95", "Supercooling Refrigerator", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "A Goddard/Philips research project resulted in a refrigeration system which works without seals, lubricants or bearings. The system, originally developed to cool satellite-based scientific instruments, has an extensive range of potential spinoffs. It is called the Stirling Cycle Cryogenic Cooler and"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-96", "GSFC-SO-96", "Bacteria Counter", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Science Applications, Inc.'s ATP Photometer makes a rapid and accurate count of the bacteria in a body fluid sample. Instrument provides information on the presence and quantity of bacteria by measuring the amount of light emitted by the reaction between two substances. Substances are ATP adenosine "], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-97", "GSFC-SO-97", "Telemetry Technology", "computer technology", "GSFC", "In 1990, Avtec Systems, Inc. developed its first telemetry boards for Goddard Space Flight Center. Avtec products now include PC/AT, PCI and VME-based high speed I/O boards and turnkey systems. The most recent and most successful technology transfer from NASA to Avtec is the Programmable Telemetry P"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-98", "GSFC-SO-98", "Breast Biopsy System", "health and medicine", "GSFC", "Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) are high technology silicon chips that connect light directly into electronic or digital images, which can be manipulated or enhanced by computers. When Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) scientists realized that existing CCD technology could not meet scientific require"], ["spinoff", "GSFC-SO-99", "GSFC-SO-99", "Solar Simulator", "environment and resource management", "GSFC", "Oriel Corporation's simulators have a high pressure xenon lamp whose reflected light is processed by an optical system to produce a uniform solar beam. Because of many different types of applications, the simulators must be adjustable to replicate many different areas of the solar radiation spectrum"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1", "HDQS-SO-1", "Food Packaging Materials", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "St. Regis developed Alure food packaging to meet a multiple packaging material need: good eye appeal, product protection for long periods and the ability to be used successfully on a wide variety of food packaging equipment. Adapted from Echo 1 communications satellite, Alure effectively blocks out "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-10", "HDQS-SO-10", "Pipe Line Control", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Complex job of controlling measuring and monitoring fuel flow in pipeline is accomplished automatically by computerized control and communication system which incorporates multiple space technologies. Derived from NASA's Apollo and commercialized by SCI Systems, Inc., RDACSII (Remote Data Acquisitio"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-100", "HDQS-SO-100", "Space Age Archaeology", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "In 1985, the Egyptian Antiques Organization (EAO) asked Dr. Farouk El-Baz whether it would be possible to examine and sample the second chamber of the subterranean chamber carved in the bedrock near the Great Pyramid of Khufu in Giza, Egypt, without admitting people, air or contaminants. He felt it "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1002", "HDQS-SO-1002", "Forecasting Saharan Dust to Minimize Health Risks", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "NASA-funded researchers at the University of Puerto Rico use satellite data to track dust and other aerosols traveling across the Atlantic Ocean from the Saharan Desert. They alert local and federal governments, and the public in advance of poor air quality."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1003", "HDQS-SO-1003", "In the Right Hands, NASA Satellite Data and Analysis Make Earth Better", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Founded by former NASA officials, Earthrise gave satellite data from NASA and other organizations to Massachusetts ninth graders, who used it to identify illegal gold mines in Brazil. The organization also helps conservationists and decision-makers use Earth imagery and data."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1004", "HDQS-SO-1004", "“That One Right Decision”", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Mercy Corps is collaborating with NASA through a Space Act Agreement, using satellite data to inform its humanitarian aid work and sometimes to pass on relevant information – about weather patterns or groundwater, for example – directly to farmers in Africa."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1005", "HDQS-SO-1005", "Learning to Code with NASA Data", "computer technology", "HDQS", "To create programming teaching materials, Microsoft Corp. of Redmond, Washington, collaborated with the Office of STEM Engagement at NASA Headquarters under a Space Act Agreement. By using NASA data and imagery to help create educational modules for their Microsoft Learn webpage, hundreds of thousan"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1006", "HDQS-SO-1006", "Giant Batteries Deliver Renewable Energy When It’s Needed", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "A large, nontoxic battery that can store energy from the wind or sun was developed by Wilsonville, Oregon-based ESS Inc., which drew from flow battery research and development conducted in the 1970s and '80s at what is now the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1007", "HDQS-SO-1007", "NASA Helps Serve Yellowstone Fungi for Breakfast", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "A microbe found in Yellowstone National Park during NASA-funded research is now the basis of a fungal protein from which Chicago-based Nature’s Fynd produces meat-alternative breakfast patties and non-dairy cream cheese. The protein is also growing on the International Space Station as potential ast"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1008", "HDQS-SO-1008", "Synthetic DNA Diagnoses COVID, Cancer", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Synthetic DNA used to diagnose diseases such as COVID, hepatitis, and cancer was developed by Firebird Diagnostics LLC of Alachua, Florida, with research funded in part by the NASA Astrobiology Program. The technology could also help find life on other planets or moons by identifying DNA characteris"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1009", "HDQS-SO-1009", "Semiconductor Research Leads to Revolution in Dental Care", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Research into growing crystals for electronics at NASA’s short-lived Electronics Research Center led to an agency patent for repairing teeth by growing crystals of hydroxyapatite, the substance that gives teeth and bones their hardness. Sangi Co. Ltd. of Tokyo acquired the patent and developed the f"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-101", "HDQS-SO-101", "Water Filters", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Seeking to find a more effective method of filtering potable water that was highly contaminated, Mike Pedersen, founder of Western Water International, learned that NASA had conducted extensive research in methods of purifying water on board manned spacecraft. The key is Aquaspace Compound, a propri"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1010", "HDQS-SO-1010", "Equalizing Internet Access", "computer technology", "HDQS", "NASA Headquarters contracted Equalize Digital to ensure the agency’s new website was accessible to people with disabilities. The Georgetown, Texas-based company created a Wordpress highlighting tool to flag accessibility issues, helping editors to address them. The open-source feature is now freely "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1011", "HDQS-SO-1011", "NASA and Education Make Quite the Pear", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "To further its educational content offerings, Pear Deck of El Segundo, California, partnered with NASA Headquarters’ Office of STEM Engagement to consult agency technology experts and build science lessons with NASA knowledge and expertise."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1012", "HDQS-SO-1012", "Home-Grown Housing", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Growing lunar and Martian habitats from mushrooms requires a special process, so Ames Research Center used NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) funding to create and test a growth system. It’s been adapted and used by Mycohab of Windhoek, Namibia, to produce gourmet mushrooms and fungus-based br"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1013", "HDQS-SO-1013", "Using AI to Predict the Sky", "computer technology", "HDQS", "KX Systems, which has offices in New York City, joined the NASA-led Frontier Development Lab partnership hosted at Ames Research Center to explore how its kdb+ analytics platform could be applied to challenges in space, which resulted in further developments and capabilities for the company’s Earth-"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-1014", "HDQS-SO-1014", "Data Analysis Goes to the Dogs", "computer technology", "HDQS", "NASA Headquarters approached experts to develop an artificial intelligence system to find institutional knowledge at NASA. That company, Stardog Union of Arlington, Virginia, now sells a version of it for use in data analytics."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-102", "HDQS-SO-102", "Perforated Materials", "public safety", "HDQS", "National Perforating Corporation (NPC) is a supplier of perforated metals, plastics, and other materials. In production of screens, walkways, and other products for all industries, NPC sought to determine the safe loading of such perforated metal products. NERAC supplied NPC an informational package"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-103", "HDQS-SO-103", "Telescope Equipment", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Renaissance Telescope for high resolution and visual astronomy has five 82-degree Field Tele-Vue Nagler Eyepieces, some of the accessories that contribute to high image quality. Telescopes and eyepieces are representative of a family of optical equipment manufactured by Tele-Vue Optics, Inc."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-104", "HDQS-SO-104", "Solar Screen", "consumer home recreation", "HDQS", "Coughlin Solar screens block out 70 to 80 percent of heat and glare that normally penetrates window glass, thus substantially reducing air conditioning costs. Screen looks like tinted glass but actually is finely woven fiberglass fabric designed to admit light while blocking heat. Available in six c"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-105", "HDQS-SO-105", "Echo's Legacy", "", "HDQS", "The Echo 1 Satellite is simply a very large balloon, the diameter of a 10 story building. Metallized Products, Inc. developed a special material for NASA used for the balloons's skin. For bouncing signals material had to be reflective, lightweight, and thin enough to be folded into a beach ball size"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-106", "HDQS-SO-106", "Simulators for Safer Shipping", "transportation", "HDQS", "Each year one ship out of every five afloat collides with another vessel, rams a dock, or runs aground. CAORF (Computer Aided Operations Research Facility), designed and built by Sperry Rand Corporation, incorporates technology developed in a wide variety of aerospace simulation and technical traini"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-107", "HDQS-SO-107", "Automotive Engineering Software", "transportation", "HDQS", "Ford Motor Company has made particular use of Computer Program (NASTRAN) NASA Structural Analysis Program which electronically analyzes a computerized design and predicts its reaction to many different conditions of stress and strain. Ford used NASTRAN to analyze the combined torsional bending and a"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-108", "HDQS-SO-108", "Equipment Failure Analysis", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Tennessee Eastman uses NASTRAN to minimize lost production by pinpointing the causes of equipment failures and preventing recurrences. An example of the program's utility involves a large centrifugal fan which developed cracks during start-ups and shutdowns. This information prompted redesign of the"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-109", "HDQS-SO-109", "Gas Flow Controller", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "The Mass Flowmeter is a device used to measure flow of oxygen in spacecraft's life support system. Tylan Corporation's Mass Flow Controller's major application is accurate control of reactive gases--such as hydrogen, phosphine and silane as they are diffused at extremely high temperatures into silic"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-11", "HDQS-SO-11", "Computer Programs (Turbomachinery)", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Computer programs are employed as analysis tools in design test and development processes providing savings in time and money. Two NASA computer programs are used daily in design of turbomachinery by Delaval Turbine Division. The company uses NASA split interpolation routine for analysis of turbine "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-110", "HDQS-SO-110", "Ship Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Marine Consultants & Designers, Inc. is a leader in development of innovative designs for self unloading bulk cargo carriers. Company also performs engineering services related to design of tankers, tugboats and other forms of marine transportation. In its engineering work, the firm makes extensive "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-111", "HDQS-SO-111", "Robot Manipulators", "public safety", "HDQS", "Space Shuttle's Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm) is a 50 foot robot arm used to deploy, retrieve or repair satellites in orbit. Initial spinoff version is designed to remove, inspect and replace large components of Ontario Hydro's CANDU nuclear reactors, which supply 50 percent of Ontario Hydro'"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-112", "HDQS-SO-112", "IAC Activities", "", "HDQS", "An important part of NASA's educational effort is the work of the agency's 10 Industrial Applications Centers (IACs). The IACs are engaged in a variety of educational programs, such as sponsoring seminars, workshops, open houses and executive briefings, conducting tours of NASA facilities for school"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-113", "HDQS-SO-113", "Smart Houses", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "GWS takes plans for a new home and subjects them to intensive computerized analysis that does 10,000 calculations relative to expected heat loss and heat gain, then provides specifications designed specifically for each structure as to heating, cooling, ventilation and insulation. As construction pr"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-114", "HDQS-SO-114", "A Universal Antidote", "transportation", "HDQS", "Last fall two of the Big Three U.S. automakers concluded arrangements with Alcide Corporation for distribution of Alcide's patented Ren New Air Conditioning Disinfectant. Special properties of Alcide formulation enable it to destroy mold and fungus as well as bacteria and viruses with minimal harm t"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-115", "HDQS-SO-115", "NASA and Mt. St. Helens", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "NASA technology played an important part in the Mt. St. Helen's aftermath, not only in scientific studies, but also in disaster assessment and relief operations. A particular problem was maintaining communications with rescue ground crews and evacuation helicopters operating in the smoke-obscured ar"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-116", "HDQS-SO-116", "Shuttle Net, Tuna Net", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Rockwell International, NASA's prime contractor for the Space Shuttle, asked West Coast Netting to develop a safety net for personnel working on the Shuttle Orbiter. This could not be an ordinary net, it had to be relatively small, yet have extraordinary tensile strength. It also had to be fire resi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-117", "HDQS-SO-117", "Mapping Van", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "A NASA/CCDS - developed system for satellite mapping has been commercialized for the first time. Global Visions, Inc. maps an area while driving along a road in a sophisticated mapping van equipped with satellite signal receivers, video cameras and computer systems for collecting and storing mapping"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-118", "HDQS-SO-118", "A New Tool for Quality Control", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Diffracto, Ltd. is now offering a new product inspection system that allows detection of minute flaws previously difficult or impossible to observe. Called D-Sight, it represents a revolutionary technique for inspection of flat or curved surfaces to find such imperfections as dings, dents and wavine"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-119", "HDQS-SO-119", "Bar Code Labels", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "American Bar Codes, Inc. developed special bar code labels for inventory control of space shuttle parts and other space system components. ABC labels are made in a company-developed anodizing aluminum process and consecutively marketed with bar code symbology and human readable numbers. They offer e"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-12", "HDQS-SO-12", "Sculptured Circuits", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Sculptured circuits do not require attached pins or connectors, and have built-in terminals. They are manufactured by Advanced Circuit Technology, Inc. and were developed after product research and development through NERAC. They are used in electronic systems."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-120", "HDQS-SO-120", "Capacitance Meter", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Anders Precision Instrument Co.'s original meter could not measure dissipation leakage in capacitors. Seeking to add that capability, the company planned an advanced model. Before starting work, company president, Thomas Anderson, sought technical assistance from NASA's NERAC. Anderson wanted a surv"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-121", "HDQS-SO-121", "Space Telemetry for the Energy Industry", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Space telemetry is the process whereby information acquired in orbit is relayed to Earth. In 1981, Bill Sheen, President of Nu-Tech Industries, Inc., saw a need for a better way of monitoring flow, due to high costs of oil and gas, increasing oil field theft and a mounting requirement for more timel"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-122", "HDQS-SO-122", "Vehicle Controller", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "UNISTICK is an airplane-like joystick being developed by Johnson Engineering under NASA and VA sponsorship. It allows a driver to control a vehicle with one hand, and is based upon technology developed for the Apollo Lunar Landings of the 1970's. It allows severely handicapped drivers to operate an "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-123", "HDQS-SO-123", "Reflective Insulation", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "NRC-2 Superinsulation, manufactured by Metallized Products, Inc. (MPI), is designed for superconducting magnets used in MRI systems and particle accelerators. It is a thin, polyester film characterized by a unique crinkled surface that provides surface stand-off between layers and minimizes heat tra"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-124", "HDQS-SO-124", "Oil Recovery System", "computer technology", "HDQS", "A Downhole Steam Generation System brings oil up from deep reservoirs. The system, developed by Foster-Miller Associates consists of a steam generator, a packer\" that keeps the steam from leaking up the wellbore and tube string that supplies air fuel water and hydraulics to the generator and packer;"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-125", "HDQS-SO-125", "New Help for the Handicapped", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "L & M Electronics, Inc.'s telemetry system is used to measure degree and location of abnormal muscle activity. This telemetry was originally used to monitor astronauts vital functions. Leg sensors send wireless signals to computer which develops pictures of gait patterns. System records, measures an"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-126", "HDQS-SO-126", "Food Service System", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "The 3M Food Service System 2 employs a cook/chill\" concept for serving food in hospitals. The system allows staff to prepare food well in advance maintain heat visual appeal and nutritional value as well as reducing operating costs. The integral heating method which keeps hot foods hot and cold food"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-127", "HDQS-SO-127", "Hair Styling Appliances", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Key tool of Redken Laboratories new line of hair styling appliances is an instrument called a thermograph, a heat sensing device originally developed by Hughes Aircraft Co. under U.S. Army and NASA funding. Redken Laboratories bought one of the early models of the Hughes Probeye Thermal Video System"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-128", "HDQS-SO-128", "Management Tools", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Manugistics, Inc. (formerly AVYX, Inc.) has introduced a new programming language for IBM and IBM compatible computers called TREES-pls. It is a resource management tool originating from the space shuttle, that can be used in such applications as scheduling, resource allocation project control, info"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-129", "HDQS-SO-129", "Business Graphics", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Genigraphics Corporation's Masterpiece 8770 FilmRecorder is an advanced high resolution system designed to improve and expand a company's in-house graphics production. GRAFTIME/software package was designed to allow office personnel with minimal training to produce professional level graphics for bu"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-13", "HDQS-SO-13", "Racing with the Sun", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "In 1,950 mile Australian race, the General Motors Sunraycer, was powered by space-derived solar cell technology incorporating a number of other aerospace technologies. The 547 lb one seater averaged better than 41 miles per hour and finished 600 miles ahead of the nearest competitor."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-130", "HDQS-SO-130", "Portable Computer", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "SPOC, a navigation monitoring computer used by NASA in a 1983 mission, was a modification of a commercial computer called GRiD Compass, produced by GRiD Systems Corporation. SPOC was chosen because of its small size, large storage capacity, and high processing speed. The principal modification requi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-131", "HDQS-SO-131", "Computer Code", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "COSMIC MINIVER, a computer code developed by NASA for analyzing aerodynamic heating and heat transfer on the Space Shuttle, has been used by Marquardt Company to analyze heat transfer on Navy/Air Force missile bodies. The code analyzes heat transfer by four different methods which can be compared fo"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-132", "HDQS-SO-132", "Fireblocking Fibers", "public safety", "HDQS", "PBI was originally developed for space suits. In 1980, the need for an alternative to asbestos and stricter government anti-pollution standards led to commercialization of the fire blocking fiber. PBI is used for auto racing driver suits and aircraft seat covers. The fiber does not burn in air, is d"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-133", "HDQS-SO-133", "Anti-Glare Filters", "public safety", "HDQS", "Glare from CRT screens has been blamed for blurred vision, eyestrain, headaches, etc. Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. (OCLI) manufactures a coating to reduce glare which was used to coat the windows on the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft. In addition, OCLI offers anti-glare filters (Glare Guard) utili"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-134", "HDQS-SO-134", "Optical Instruments", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Precision Lapping and Optical Co. has developed a wide variety of hollow retroreflector systems for applications involving the entire optical spectrum; they are, according to company literature, cheaper, more accurate, lighter and capable of greater size than solid prisms. Precision Lapping's major "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-135", "HDQS-SO-135", "Ag-Air Service", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Econ, Inc.'s agricultural aerial application, ag-air involves more than 10,000 aircraft spreading insecticides, herbicides, fertilizer, seed and other materials over millions of acres of farmland. Difficult for an operator to estimate costs accurately and decide what to charge or which airplane can "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-136", "HDQS-SO-136", "Sub-Ocean Drilling", "computer technology", "HDQS", "The National Science Foundation (NSF) initialized a new phase of exploration last year, a 10 year effort jointly funded by NSF and several major oil companies, known as the Ocean Margin Drilling Program (OMDP). The OMDP requires a ship with capabilities beyond existing drill ships; it must drill in "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-137", "HDQS-SO-137", "Remote Manipulator", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "SPAR Aerospace Limited's Canadarm Canada's contribution to the space shuttle. It is a crane which can operate as a 50 foot extension of an astronaut's arm. It can lift 65,000 pounds in space and retrieve satellites for repair, etc. Redesigned versions have energy and mining applications. Some of its"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-138", "HDQS-SO-138", "Spinoff from a Moon Boot (Dynacoil)", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Three dimensional space\" material used in the Apollo lunar suit has been encapsulated in a polyurethane foam carrier and forms the base of the Dynacoil Athletic shoe cushioning system. Kangaroos USA Inc. developed the system after a search by ARAC. The shoes lose almost none of their shock absorbing"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-139", "HDQS-SO-139", "Ruggedized Minicamera", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "When NASA needed a video camera for the Space Shuttle, they turned to Videospection, Inc., a company specializing in cameras for unusual and demanding applications. Videospection developed a ruggedized\" minicamera measuring 7 1/2\" in diameter and enclosed in a sealed aluminum housing. This led to tw"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-14", "HDQS-SO-14", "The Golden Canopies", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Cavitron Corporation's infant radiant warmer is widely used for routine post-operative care and post operative recovery, cradle warmer is a canopy atop infants bassinet. Canopy is composed of laminated layers of transparent plastic which encase a thin film of gold called Intrex. This coating, adapte"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-140", "HDQS-SO-140", "Cordless Instruments", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Black & Decker's new cordless lightweight battery powered precision instruments, adapted from NASA's Apollo Lunar Landing program, have been designed to give surgeons optimum freedom and versatility in the operating room. Orthopedic instrument line includes a drill, a driver/reamer and a sagittal sa"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-141", "HDQS-SO-141", "The Watt Count System", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "The Watt Count System combines aerospace and computer technology, an engineering systems design approach and the environmental control expertise of a group of engineers who worked on Apollo. First step of the system is a computerized energy consumption analysis based on plans for a new home. Company"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-142", "HDQS-SO-142", "Reflective Packaging", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "The aluminized polymer film used in spacecraft as a radiation barrier to protect both astronauts and delicate instruments has led to a number of spinoff applications. Among them are aluminized shipping bags, food cart covers and medical bags. Radiant Technologies purchases component materials and as"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-143", "HDQS-SO-143", "Portable Cooler/Warmers", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Early in the space program, NASA recognized the need to replace bulky coils, compressors, and motors for refrigeration purposes by looking at existing thermoelectric technology. This effort resulted in the development of miniaturized thermoelectric components and packaging to accommodate tight confi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-144", "HDQS-SO-144", "Space Pens", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Fisher's Space Pen was developed for use in gravity free environments. The cartridge, pressurized with nitrogen, seals out air preventing evaporation and oxidation of the ink. Internal pressures force ink outward toward the ball point. A thixotropic ink is used. The pen will operate from minus 50 to"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-145", "HDQS-SO-145", "Noise Abatement Materials", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "A former NASA employee who discovered a kind of plastic that soaked up energy, dampened vibrations, and was a good noise abatement material, founded a company to market noise deadening adhesives, sheets, panels and enclosures. Known as SMART products, they are 75-80% lighter than ordinary soundproof"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-146", "HDQS-SO-146", "Industrial Pumps", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "A flow inducer is a device that increases the pump intake capacity of a Worthington Centrifugal pump. It lifts the suction pressure sufficiently for the rotating main impeller of the centrifugal pump to operate efficiently at higher fluid intake levels. The concept derives from 1960's NASA technolog"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-147", "HDQS-SO-147", "Industrial Tape", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Scotch Brand Tape 364 was developed for NASA by 3M Company to protect electrical instrumentation coils and fluid lines from rocket launch blast conditions. It is an aluminized glass cloth tape which can withstand very high temperatures, is easily applied to compound surfaces, has excellent solar ene"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-148", "HDQS-SO-148", "Manufacturing Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Advanced Process Systems designed a portable purge unit for NASA use. The unit is designed to protect flight and ground crews from toxic fumes and to provide a post-landing controlled environment for sensitive electronic equipment. Although the work has future spinoff potential, it has also led to a"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-149", "HDQS-SO-149", "Cruise Missile Engines", "transportation", "HDQS", "Williams International's F107 fanjet engine is used in two types of cruise missiles, Navy-sponsored Tomahawk and the Air Force AGM-86B Air Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM). Engine produces about 600 pounds thrust, is one foot in diameter and weigh0s only 141 pounds. Design was aided by use of a COSMIC"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-15", "HDQS-SO-15", "From Apollo to Cognac", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Shell Oil Company started oil and gas production from a new offshore platform called Cognac located in the Gulf of Mexico. It is the world's tallest oil platform, slightly taller than the Empire State Building. The highly complex job of installing Cognac's support jacket\" under water more than a tho"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-150", "HDQS-SO-150", "Water Filter", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "A compact, lightweight electrolytic water sterilizer available through Ambassador Marketing, generates silver ions in concentrations of 50 to 100 parts per billion in water flow system. The silver ions serve as an effective bactericide/deodorizer. Tap water passes through filtering element of silver"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-151", "HDQS-SO-151", "Bolting Technology", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "With NERAC assistance, Raymond Engineering has developed a line of sophisticated tools for producing and controlling high torques that affect bolted joints in various applications. Information from NERAC was also useful in designing and presenting a series of Raymond Bolting Seminars. The new tools "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-152", "HDQS-SO-152", "Peat Processing", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Humics, Inc. already had patented their process for separating wet peat into components and processing it when they consulted NERAC regarding possible applications. The NERAC search revealed numerous uses for humic acid extracted from peat. The product improves seed germination, stimulates root deve"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-153", "HDQS-SO-153", "Space Technology for Patient Monitoring", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "A contract for the development of an astronaut monitoring system in the early days of the space program provided Mennen Medical, Inc. with a foundation in telemetry that led to the development of a computerized medical electronic system used by hospitals. Mennen was the first company to adopt solid "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-154", "HDQS-SO-154", "Invisible Braces", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Ceradyne, Inc., and 3M Unitek were assisted in the development of Ceramic braces by NIAC/USC. The braces are marketed by Unitek/3M, and are made from translucent polycrystalline alumina (TPA). They are designed for each tooth, connected by a thin metal wire, are strong, aesthetically appealing and a"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-155", "HDQS-SO-155", "Ship Design", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Guided missile cruiser equipped with advanced Aegis fleet defense system which automatically tracks hundreds of attacking aircraft or missiles, then fires and guides the ship's own weapons in response. Designed by Ingalls Shipbuilding for the US Navy, the U.S.S. Ticonderoga is the first of four CG-4"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-156", "HDQS-SO-156", "Communicable Disease Research", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "The COSMIC program FITLOS is used regularly by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), for analyzing data from radioimmunoassays, which involve testing human body substances to provide information on how deficits or excesses of those substances affect a body's ability to ward off disease. A liquid sc"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-157", "HDQS-SO-157", "Weight Control for Highway Trucking", "transportation", "HDQS", "LODEC, Inc. scales use load cell technology, a spinoff from aerospace technology, in manufacturing electronic axle scales for weighing trucks and trailers to insure that they are within legal highway limits. The scales trace their origin to the space program of the 1960's when ELDEC Corporation, the"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-158", "HDQS-SO-158", "Aircraft Inlet Ducts", "transportation", "HDQS", "After studying three Tech Briefs reports on NASA submerged duct technology developed for high performance aircraft, Wilhelm Cashen was able to adapt the technology to the induction intercooler system of turbocharged lightplanes. In lightplane installations, the submerged ducts introduce cool ram\" ai"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-159", "HDQS-SO-159", "Speech Aids", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Designed to assist deaf and hearing impaired-persons in achieving better speech, Resnick Worldwide Inc.'s device provides a visual means of cuing the deaf as a speech-improvement measure. This is done by electronically processing the subjects' sounds and comparing them with optimum values which are "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-16", "HDQS-SO-16", "Methane-Powered Vehicles", "transportation", "HDQS", "Liquid methane is beginning to become an energy alternative to expensive oil as a power source for automotive vehicles. Methane is the principal component of natural gas, costs less than half as much as gasoline, and its emissions are a lot cleaner than from gasoline or diesel engines. Beech Aircraf"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-160", "HDQS-SO-160", "Hi-Tech for Archeology", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Remote sensing is the process of acquiring physical information from a distance, obtaining data on Earth features from a satellite or an airplane. Advanced remote sensing instruments detect radiations not visible to the ordinary camera or the human eye in several bands of the spectrum. These data ar"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-161", "HDQS-SO-161", "The Light That Doesn't Fail", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Rayovac Corporation's Luma 2 flashlight incorporates NASA's systems redundancy. The company also received assistance from NERAC. The flashlight has an extra-bright Super Krypton primary bulb and an independent backup system including a separate lithium power cell (a NASA developed technology), its o"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-162", "HDQS-SO-162", "Medical Products Research", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Ventrex Laboratories, Inc. develops, manufactures and markets a line of medical diagnostic assays based on biochemical techniques, in particular immunochemical techniques. Their products are sold worldwide to hospitals and medical laboratories for use in testing blood samples and other biological fl"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-163", "HDQS-SO-163", "From Lift-Off to Light-Off", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Shuttle's propellant measurement system is produced by Simmonds Precision. Company has extensive experience in fuel management systems and other equipment for military and commercial aircraft. A separate corporate entity, Industrial Controls Division was formed due to a number of non-aerospace spino"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-164", "HDQS-SO-164", "Cool Vest", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "ILC, Dover Division's lightweight cooling garment, called Cool Vest was designed to eliminate the harmful effects of heat stress; increases tolerance time in hot environments by almost 300 percent. Made of urethane-coated nylon used in Apollo, it works to keep the body cool, circulating chilled wate"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-165", "HDQS-SO-165", "Methane-Powered Airplane", "transportation", "HDQS", "Beech Aircraft's Corporation's Boulder Division developed expertise in producing superinsulated virtually leak-proof cryogenic equipment for storing liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuels in NASA's Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs. Boulder Division used this experience in designing a fuel storage"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-166", "HDQS-SO-166", "Cure Monitoring", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Micromet Instruments Inc. manufactures the Eumetric System II Microdielectrometer, key to which is a miniature electronic probe - a silicon microchip that contains electrodes and circuitry for measuring the electrical properties of whatever material is placed in contact with the electrodes. The rest"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-167", "HDQS-SO-167", "Space Software for Automotive Design", "", "HDQS", "John Thousand of Wolverine Western Corp. put his aerospace group to work on an unfamiliar job, designing a brake drum using computer design techniques. Computer design involves creation of a mathematical model of a product and analyzing its effectiveness in simulated operation. Technique enables stu"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-168", "HDQS-SO-168", "Composite Riflescope", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Bushnell Division of Bausch & Lomb's Armor-Sight riflescope combines the company's world-renowned optics with a graphite composite (Graphlon VI) developed for space applications. The riflescope is 10 percent lighter than aluminum scopes, and, because its thermal expansion coefficient is near zero, o"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-169", "HDQS-SO-169", "Bank Record Processing", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Barnett Banks of Florida, Inc. operates 150 banking offices in 80 Florida cities. Banking offices have computerized systems for processing deposits or withdrawals in checking/savings accounts, and for handling commercial and installment loan transactions. In developing a network engineering design f"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-17", "HDQS-SO-17", "Image Processing", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "A new spinoff product was derived from Geospectra Corporation's expertise in processing LANDSAT data in a software package. Called ATOM (for Automatic Topographic Mapping), it is capable of digitally extracting elevation information from stereo photos taken by spaceborne cameras. ATOM offers a new d"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-170", "HDQS-SO-170", "Power Plant Construction", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation utilized TAP-A, a COSMIC program originally developed as part of a NASA investigation into the potential of nuclear power for space launch vehicles. It is useful in nuclear power plant design to qualify safety-related equipment at the temperatures it would exp"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-171", "HDQS-SO-171", "High Tech for Milady's Makeup", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Elizabeth a computerized beauty analysis system marketed by Elizabeth Arden, is based upon an ARAC data base search of technologies measuring skin profiles. * Elizabeth\" is no longer commercially available.\""], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-172", "HDQS-SO-172", "Lubricant Coating Process", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Peen Plating a NASA developed process for applying molybdenum disulfide, is the key element of Techniblast Co.'s SURFGUARD process for applying high strength solid lubricants. The process requires two machines -- one for cleaning and one for coating. The cleaning step allows the coating to be bonded"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-173", "HDQS-SO-173", "NASA and Education", "", "HDQS", "President Bush endorsed a package of six goals developed by the governors of the 50 states, among them making the United States first in the world in mathematics and science achievement. The crux of the technical manpower problem is that too few people in the workforce today have the skills required"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-174", "HDQS-SO-174", "Light Visor", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Seasonal Affective Disorder is a form of depression brought on by reduced light. For some people, this can lead to clinical depression. NASA has conducted research in light therapy and employs it to help astronauts adjust internal rhythms during orbital flight. Dr. George Brainard, a medical researc"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-175", "HDQS-SO-175", "Golf Aerodynamics", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "A former Martin Marietta Manned Space Systems engineer, Robert T. Thurman went from analyzing airloads on the Space Shuttle External Tank to analyzing airloads on golf balls for Wilson Sporting Goods Company. Using his NASA know-how, Thurman designed the Ultra 500 golf ball, which has three differen"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-176", "HDQS-SO-176", "Radiation Insulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "The Apollo and subsequent spacecraft have had highly effective radiation barriers; made of aluminized polymer film, they bar or let in heat to maintain consistent temperatures inside. Tech 2000, formerly Quantum International Corporation used the NASA technology in its insulating materials, Super Q\""], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-177", "HDQS-SO-177", "Light Source", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Research on food growth for long duration spacecraft has resulted in a light source for growing plants indoors known as Qbeam, a solid state light source consisting of a control unit and lamp. The light source, manufactured by Quantum Devices, Inc., is not very hot, although it generates high intens"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-178", "HDQS-SO-178", "Contour Mapping", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "In the early 1990s, the Ohio State University Center for Mapping, a NASA Center for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS), developed a system for mobile mapping called the GPSVan. While driving, the users can map an area from the sophisticated mapping van equipped with satellite signal receiver"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-179", "HDQS-SO-179", "Radiation Insulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "The Apollo and subsequent spacecraft have had highly effective radiation barriers; made of aluminized polymer film, they bar or let in heat to maintain consistent temperatures inside. Tech 2000, formerly Quantum International Corporation used the NASA technology in its insulating materials, Super Q\""], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-18", "HDQS-SO-18", "Insulation Materials", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Manufactured by Hitco Materials Division of Armco, Inc. a ceramic fiber insulation material known as Refrasil has been used extensively as a heat-absorbing ablative reinforcement for such space systems as rocket motor nozzles, combustion chambers, and re-entry shields. Refrasil fibers are highly por"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-180", "HDQS-SO-180", "Astronomy Software", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Software Bisque's TheSky, SkyPro and Remote Astronomy Software incorporate technology developed for the Hubble Space Telescope. TheSky and SkyPro work together to orchestrate locating, identifying and acquiring images of deep sky objects. With all three systems, the user can directly control compute"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-181", "HDQS-SO-181", "Combination Light", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "The Rayovac TANDEM is an advanced technology combination work light and general purpose flashlight that incorporates several NASA technologies. The TANDEM functions as two lights in one. It features a long range spotlight and wide angle floodlight; simple one-hand electrical switching changes the be"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-182", "HDQS-SO-182", "Fallout from the Shuttle Arm", "transportation", "HDQS", "Vadeko International, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario developed for the Canadian National Railways (CN) the Robotic Paint Application System. The robotic paint shop has two parallel paint booths, allowing simultaneous painting of two hopper cars. Each booth has three robots, two that move along wall-moun"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-183", "HDQS-SO-183", "Cardio-Muscular Conditioner", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "In the mid-sixties, Gary Graham, a Boeing designer, developed a cardiovascular conditioner for a planned Air Force orbiting laboratory. After the project was cancelled, Graham participated in space station conditioning studies for the Skylab program. Twenty years later, he used this expertise to dev"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-184", "HDQS-SO-184", "Structural Analysis", "public safety", "HDQS", "After an 800-foot-tall offshore oil recovery platform collapsed, the engineers at Engineering Dynamics, Inc., Kenner, LA, needed to learn the cause of the collapse, and analyze the proposed repairs. They used STAGSC-1, a NASA structural analysis program with geometric and nonlinear buckling analysis"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-185", "HDQS-SO-185", "Turfgrass Conditioner", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Using technology developed under contract to NASA for the Space Agricultural Program, a scientist at the Plant-Wise Biostimulant Company invented a product for turfgrass called the 3-D Concentrated Plant Growth Supplement. The supplement is a blend of fortified seaweed extracts, humic acid and plant"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-186", "HDQS-SO-186", "Fire Protection Jacket", "public safety", "HDQS", "NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT, aided Paul Monroe Engineering, Orange, CA, in the development of their PC1200 Series Fire Protection Jacket that protects the oil conduit system on an offshore drilling platform from the intense hydrocarbon fires that cause buckling and could cause structural failure of the"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-187", "HDQS-SO-187", "Automotive Design", "transportation", "HDQS", "Analytical Design Service Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI, used NASTRAN (a NASA Structural Analysis program that analyzes a design and predicts how parts will perform) in tests of transmissions, engine cooling systems, internal engine parts, and body components. They also use it to design future automobi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-188", "HDQS-SO-188", "Heat Pipes", "industrial productivity", "HDQS", "Heat Pipes were originally developed by NASA and the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory during the 1960s to dissipate excessive heat build-up in critical areas of spacecraft and maintain even temperatures of satellites. Heat pipes are tubular devices where a working fluid alternately evaporates and co"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-189", "HDQS-SO-189", "Balance Function Disorders", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Researchers at the Balance Function Laboratory and Clinic at the Minneapolis (MN) Neuroscience Institute on the Abbot Northwestern Hospital Campus are using a rotational chair (technically a sinusoidal harmonic acceleration system\") originally developed by NASA to investigate vestibular (inner ear) "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-19", "HDQS-SO-19", "Particle Measurement", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Rupprecht & Patashnick Co. Inc.'s TEOM Series 1100 particulate mass monitor is a device that provides measurements of exceptional sensitivity and accuracy. Deriving from skylab, this monitor has applications in such areas as evaluation of diesel exhaust, dust concentration, smoke measurement and oth"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-190", "HDQS-SO-190", "Spinal Bracing", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Dr. Arthur Copes of the Copes Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA, says that 35 percent of the 50 technical reports he received from the NASA/Southern University Industrial Applications Center in Baton Rouge and the Central Industrial Applications Center, Durant, OK, were vital to the development of his Cop"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-191", "HDQS-SO-191", "Heat Flow Measurement", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Heat gauges are used to measure heat flow in industrial activities. They must periodically be certified by instruments designed to provide a heat flux measurement standard. CSTAR, a NASA CCDS, and REMTECH have developed a portable heat flux checker/calibrator. The Q-CHEC can be carried to the heat g"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-192", "HDQS-SO-192", "Medical Imaging System", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "The MD Image System, a true-color image processing system that serves as a diagnostic aid and tool for storage and distribution of images, was developed by Medical Image Management Systems, Huntsville, AL, as a spinoff from a spinoff.\" Geostar 8800 developed by Crystal Image Technologies Huntsville "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-193", "HDQS-SO-193", "Spinoff From a Moon Suit", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Al Gross transferred expertise obtained as an ILC engineer for NASA's Apollo program to the manufacture of athletic shoes. Gross substituted DuPont's Hytrel plastic for foam materials in the shoe's midsole, eliminating cushioning loss caused by body weight. An external pressurized shell applied from"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-194", "HDQS-SO-194", "Electronic Dipstick", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Lake-Tronic's Negative Thermistor Coefficients (NTC) prevent engine nozzles in the Space Shuttle Orbiter from swinging from side to side changing the thrust line. This technology has been adapted to an Electronik Dipstick, used to automatically monitor automotive fluid levels. NTC's are placed at pr"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-195", "HDQS-SO-195", "Memory Metals (Marchon Eyewear)", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Another commercial application of memory metal technology is found in a smart\" eyeglass frame that remembers its shape and its wearer's fit. A patented \"memory encoding process\" makes this possible. Heat is not required to return the glasses to shape. A large commercial market is anticipated.\""], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-196", "HDQS-SO-196", "Home Insulation", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Under the Guaranteed Watt Savers (GWS) system, plans for a new home are computer analyzed for anticipated heat loss and gain. Specifications are specifically designed for each structure and a Smart-House Radiant Barrier is installed. Designed to reflect away 95% of the Sun's radiant energy, the radi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-197", "HDQS-SO-197", "Airborne Remote Sensing", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "NASA imaging technology has provided the basis for a commercial agricultural reconnaissance service. AG-RECON furnishes information from airborne sensors, aerial photographs and satellite and ground databases to farmers, foresters, geologists, etc. This service produces color maps\" of Earth conditio"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-198", "HDQS-SO-198", "Spreading the Word on Safety", "public safety", "HDQS", "The NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) stores, tests, and disposes of Space Shuttle and International Space Station propellants. Since aerospace fluids can have harmful reactions with the construction materials of the systems containing them, WSTF has created technical manuals and training course"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-199", "HDQS-SO-199", "Workout Machine", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "The Orbotron is a tri-axle exercise machine patterned after a NASA training simulator for astronaut orientation in the microgravity of space. It has three orbiting rings corresponding to roll, pitch and yaw. The user is in the middle of the inner ring with the stomach remaining in the center of all "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-2", "HDQS-SO-2", "Aerial Photography", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "John Hill, a pilot and commercial aerial photographer, needed an information base. He consulted NERAC and requested a search of the latest developments in camera optics. NERAC provided information; Hill contacted the manufacturers of camera equipment and reduced his photographic costs significantly."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-20", "HDQS-SO-20", "Heat Pipe Technology", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "The heat pipe, a sealed chamber whose walls are lined with a \"wick,\" a thin capillary network containing a working fluid in liquid form was developed for a heat distribution system for non-rotating satellites. Use of the heat pipe provides a continuous heat transfer mechanism. \"Heat tubes\" that impr"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-200", "HDQS-SO-200", "A Natural Way to Stay Sweet", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Tagatose, a sugar that appears in nature in small quantities, offers a low-calorie, all-natural alternative to table sugar and artificial sweeteners. It began its unusual journey to the commercial market when Dr. Gilbert V. Levin invented a life detection experiment to place aboard NASA's Mars Vikin"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-201", "HDQS-SO-201", "Taking the Risk Out of Risk Assessment", "computer technology", "HDQS", "In July 2003, received an exclusive license for the Quantitative Risk Assessment System (QRAS) software, which was jointly developed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, its Office of Safety and Mission Assurance, and researchers at the University of Maryland. QRAS automatically expands the relia"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-202", "HDQS-SO-202", "GPS Eye-in-the-Sky Software Takes Closer Look Below", "computer technology", "HDQS", "NASA teamed up with NAVSYS Corporation to address the unreliability of GPS surveying in urban environments and the amount of time it took to collect large quantities of data for geographic information systems. Under a NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, NAVSYS developed a tightl"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-203", "HDQS-SO-203", "Express Testing Makes for More Effective Vet Visit", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Already a leading developer, manufacturer, and marketer of point-of-care blood analysis systems for use in human patient-care settings, Abaxis recognized a need for a similar system to address point-of-care diagnostics and other challenges confronting the veterinary market. According to Abaxis, the "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-204", "HDQS-SO-204", "Diesel Goes Digital to Save Energy, Lower Emissions", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "While at Bell Aerospace in the 1960s, Eddie Sturman developed a very efficient valve control actuator that consumed little energy. Sturman's work resulted in multiple patents and systems that were extensively used by NASA, including a valve that helped power the Apollo spacecraft. Sturman's digital "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-205", "HDQS-SO-205", "Robotics Algorithms Provide Nutritional Guidelines", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Using robotics expertise gained while working as an engineer for a major telerobotics program funded by NASA Headquarters, Joe Graves founded a unique, online nutrition company called Vitabot, based in Beltsville, Maryland. Making use of some of the same concepts and style of algorithms Graves devel"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-207", "HDQS-SO-207", "Collaborative Platforms Aid Emergency Decision Making", "public safety", "HDQS", "Though NASA collects a great deal of real-time data, it cannot always be put to use in a single platform. Baltimore-based StormCenter Inc. has partnered with NASA Headquarters to make real-time collaboration a reality, greatly enhancing emergency decision-making efforts by public authorities."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-208", "HDQS-SO-208", "Archiving Innovations Preserve Essential Historical Records", "computer technology", "HDQS", "The Apollo 11 mission left on the Moon a silicon disc inscribed with microscopic recreations of messages from 73 countries. NanoArk Corporation of Fairport, New York, built on that NASA technology to develop a fire and water resistant archiving innovation that provides cost savings and security in p"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-209", "HDQS-SO-209", "Commercial Platforms Allow Affordable Space Research", "industrial productivity", "HDQS", "To help realize the potential of the US National Laboratory on the ISS, NASA Headquarters partnered with NanoRacks LLC of Houston through a Space Act Agreement to provide a cost-effective, versatile system for facilitating space-based research. NanoRack's platforms have allowed major research instit"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-21", "HDQS-SO-21", "Explosive Entrances", "public safety", "HDQS", "Explosive Technology, Inc. manufactured explosives first used by NASA to separate stages of the Gemini launch vehicle. When firemen need to get into a burning building or chop a hole to provide ventilation, axes can be devastatingly slow. Controlled explosives developed to separate manned upper stag"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-210", "HDQS-SO-210", "Balance Devices Train Golfers for a Consistent Swing", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "As part of the effort to understand the effects of spaceflight on astronauts, NASA funded research that resulted in a commercial product to treat balance disorders. West Palm Beach, Florida-based Sports Therapy Inc. worked with the inventor to modify the technology, creating the Dynamic Balance Syst"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-211", "HDQS-SO-211", "Software Cuts Building Costs, Increases Energy Efficiency", "computer technology", "HDQS", "To sort out the best combinations of technologies for a crewed mission to Mars, NASA Headquarters awarded grants to MIT_s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics to develop an algorithm-based software tool that highlights the most reliable and cost-effective options. Utilizing the software, Profe"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-212", "HDQS-SO-212", "Portable Planetariums Teach Science", "computer technology", "HDQS", "With the Internet proving to be the wave of the future, in the 1990s Johnson Space Center awarded grants to Rice University in Houston for developing the world_s first Internet-accessible museum kiosk. Further grants were awarded to the school for creating educational software for use in homes and s"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-213", "HDQS-SO-213", "Apollo 11 History Archive Helps Virtual Reality Program Come to Life", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "So much NASA data is available online that Waterford, Ireland-based Immersive VR Education was able to recreate the first moon landing as a highly realistic and rich virtual reality experience. NASA Headquarters maintains a vast trove of images, design plans, data, and more, with the Lunar Surface J"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-214", "HDQS-SO-214", "Space Mission Planning System Targets Advertising with Precision", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Most Internet users may not know that every online ad appears after a near-instant auction for that slot. A leading company driving that process got its start planning NASA missions to the Moon and Mars. A team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of several funded by NASA Headquarter"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-215", "HDQS-SO-215", "Nanotechnology Repairs Engine Damage in Cars", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Repairing worn engine parts instead of replacing them could save consumers millions of dollars in parts and labor costs annually. Colfax, Washington-based TriboTEX LLC gives drivers a way to do just that with a nanoparticle lubricant called TriboTEX that fills in grooves and other wear patterns resu"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-22", "HDQS-SO-22", "Noise Prediction", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Through COSMIC, United Information Services, Inc., (UIS) in Raleigh, NC, purchased a software package consisting of two computer programs--NOIZ and RAYTR. These programs, enhanced by UIS for its particular applications, are used to provide computer analysis of noise level predictions for clients. Pr"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-23", "HDQS-SO-23", "Microbiology System", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Technology originating in a NASA-sponsored study of the measurement of microbial growth in zero gravity led to the development of Biomerieux Vitek, Inc.'s VITEK system. VITEK provides a physician with accurate diagnostic information and identifies the most effective medication. Test cards are employ"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-24", "HDQS-SO-24", "Rigidized Metal Panels", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Plasteel Products Corporation approached the Industrial Applications Center at the University of Pittsburgh to search for ideas on rigidized\" metal sheeting. Thinner-gage metal with strength of heavier sheeting can be obtained through cold bending stamping dimpling or embossing - referred to as \"rig"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-25", "HDQS-SO-25", "Reclaiming Waste Heat", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Air-O-Space\" heater based on spacecraft heat requires no fuel other than electricity to run fan. Installed in chimney flue heat pipes transfer heat from waste hot gases (but not the gases themselves) to fresh air blown across the other end of the pipes. It can transport roughly 500 times the heat fl"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-26", "HDQS-SO-26", "Flatplate Solar Energy Collector", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "A small truck body fabricator in Florida became producer of flatplate solar collectors after having an inexpensive literature search performed by the NASA IAC in Research Triangle Park, NC. The center provided him with 314 abstracts of which he requested 15 full length articles. His total cost, $100"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-27", "HDQS-SO-27", "Space Technology for Crop Drying", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "McDonnell Douglas came up with a new method of drying agricultural crops derived from vacuum chamber technology called MIVAC, a compression of microwave vacuum drying system. A distant cousin of the home microwave oven, MIVAC dries by means of electrically-generated microwaves introduced to a crop-c"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-28", "HDQS-SO-28", "The Space Block", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Ciba-Geigy Corporation's Space Block technically known as TDT-177-51 Ren Shape epoxy model block, is a two-foot by two-foot by five-inch plastic block from which master models of the Space Shuttle protective tiles are cut by NC machines. Space Block is made of epoxy resin with low viscosity and slow"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-29", "HDQS-SO-29", "Ceramic Powders", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "In developing its product line of specialty ceramic powders and related products for government and industrial customers, including companies in the oil, automotive, electronics and nuclear industries, Advanced Refractory Technologies sought technical assistance from NERAC, Inc. in specific areas of"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-3", "HDQS-SO-3", "Architectural Panels", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Alliance Wall Corporation's Whyteboard, a porcelain enamel on steel panels wall board, owes its color stability to a KIAC engineering background study to identify potential technologies and manufacturers of equipment which could be used to detect surface flaws. One result of the data base search was"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-30", "HDQS-SO-30", "Robotic System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "A complicated design project, successfully carried out by New York manufacturing consultant with help from NERAC, Inc., resulted in new type robotic system being marketed for industrial use. Consultant Robert Price, operating at E.S.I, Inc. in Albany, NY, sought help from NERAC to develop an automat"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-31", "HDQS-SO-31", "Mussel Glue", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "A mytilus edilus, a common blue ocean mussel is attaching itself to the underside of a wet glass in a laboratory. It secretes a glue like substance in the form of multiple threads which attach to surfaces such as shells, rocks, piers and ships. This natural super glue hardens within minutes and tigh"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-32", "HDQS-SO-32", "Electronic Packaging Techniques", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Odetics Inc, Anaheim, CA, developed advanced stitchbonding and parallel gap welding processes for spacecraft applications, including equipment aboard the Space Shuttle. These processes help designers compress more components into less space; they also afford weight savings and lower production costs"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-33", "HDQS-SO-33", "Space Derived Waterjets", "transportation", "HDQS", "Rockwell International incorporated NASA's Turbopump technology from Saturn V into water jets. These turbopumps were the most powerful ever employed in space launches, but pumping systems of lesser capacity are used in most liquid rocket launch vehicles. Rocketdyne is producing direct derivatives of"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-34", "HDQS-SO-34", "Tank Insulation", "transportation", "HDQS", "Liquid hydrogen for the rocket engine in the Saturn V Moonbuster has to be contained at the super cold temperature of 423 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Tanks have to be perfectly insulated to keep engine or solar heat from reaching fuel. McDonnell Douglas' answer was a supereffective insulation cal"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-35", "HDQS-SO-35", "Monel Machining", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Castle Industries, Inc. is a small machine shop manufacturing replacement plumbing repair parts, such as faucet, tub and ballcock seats. Therese Castley, president of Castle decided to introduce Monel because it offered a chance to improve competitiveness and expand the product line. Before expandin"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-36", "HDQS-SO-36", "Research Help", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "The Electrosynthesis Co. Inc.'s Electrocinerator System integrates a highly effective air scrubber with an electrochemical cell to provide an apparatus capable of destroying virtually all toxic chemicals and airborne bacteria. Project (funded by DOD) is prospective means of decontaminating airborne "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-37", "HDQS-SO-37", "Light Reflector", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Ultra Sales, Inc.'s fluorescent lighting fixture gets a boost in reflectivity through installation of Lightdriver, a thin tough thermoplastic film plated with aluminum, capable of reflecting 95 percent of visible light striking it. Lightdriver increases brightness without adding bulbs, and allows en"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-38", "HDQS-SO-38", "Composite Javelin", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "General Electric Company developed an advanced type of javelin designed to meet specifications laid down by the International Amateur Athletic Federation that has better stability than conventional javelins. At the Montreal Olympics, they noticed that javelins in flight made eccentric wobbling motio"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-39", "HDQS-SO-39", "Microcomputer Software", "computer technology", "HDQS", "MicroRim, Inc.'s Microrim is a deviation of a database developed under NASA funding and used by NASA to store data required for analyzing the heat shield tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter. As a management system for microcomputers, it offers mainframe sophistication and allows for sorting, storing "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-4", "HDQS-SO-4", "Medical Gas Analyzer", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "The Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is manufactured by Perkin Elmer Corporation. The principal component of the RMS was originally developed for spacecraft use to monitor astronaut's respiratory gases in NASA's Gemini and Apollo program. At Wishard Memorial Hospital in Indianapolis, IN, the RMS is us"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-40", "HDQS-SO-40", "Space Derived Air Monitor", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "COPAMS, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Air Monitoring System, derives from technology involved in building unmanned spacecraft. The Nimbus spacecraft carried experimental sensors to measure temperature, pressure, ozone, and water vapor, and instruments for studying solar radiation and telemetry. The p"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-41", "HDQS-SO-41", "Noise Abatement", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "SMART, Sound Modification and Regulated Temperature compound, is a liquid plastic mixture with exceptional energy and sound absorbing qualities. It is derived from a very elastic plastic which was an effective noise abatement material in the Apollo Guidance System. Discovered by a NASA employee, it "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-42", "HDQS-SO-42", "Power Supply", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Maxwell Laboratories capacitor charging power supply is the first commercial spinoff from the NASA CCDS program - a consortia of industries and government establishments to accelerate development of ground and space based commercial applications of NASA technology. The power supply transforms and co"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-43", "HDQS-SO-43", "Electrical Connectors", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Betaflex connectors are sockets that connect multichip modules and high density ceramic packages to printed circuit boards. They incorporate shape memory alloy technology, developed under NASA contract. Aimed at computer, telecommunication, avionics and military markets, the connectors enable design"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-44", "HDQS-SO-44", "Emergency Lightning System", "public safety", "HDQS", "Super Vacuum Manufacturing Company's Stem-Lite Emergency Lighting System is widely used by fire, police, ambulance and other emergency service departments. The lights -- four floodlights which provide 2,000 watts of daytime equivalent visibility and a high-intensity flashing beacon can be elevated 1"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-45", "HDQS-SO-45", "A Spinoff from Mariner", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Among the technologies incorporated into the later Mariner missions was a dry film lubricant which offered exceptional lubrication quality for reduced friction and extended wearlife of mating parts in harsh interplanetary environments. Micro Surface Corporation acquired this technology, and currentl"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-46", "HDQS-SO-46", "Programmable Pacemaker", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "St. Jude Medical's Cardiac Rhythm Management Division, formerly known as Pacesetter Systems, Inc., incorporated Apollo technology into the development of the programmable pacemaker system. This consists of the implantable pacemaker together with a physician's console containing the programmer and a "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-47", "HDQS-SO-47", "Implantable Heart Aid", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Medrad utilized NASA's Apollo technology to develop a new device called the AID implantable automatic pulse generator which monitors the heart continuously, recognizes the onset of ventricular fibrillation and delivers a corrective electrical shock. AID pulse generator is, in effect, a miniaturized "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-48", "HDQS-SO-48", "Protective Coatings", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "General Magnaplate Corporation's pharmaceutical machine is used in the industry for high speed pressing of pills and capsules. Machine is automatic system for molding glycerine suppositories. These machines are typical of many types of drug production and packaging equipment whose metal parts are tr"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-49", "HDQS-SO-49", "Power Station Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Kuljian Corporation provides design engineering and construction management services for power generating plants in more than 20 countries. They used WASP (Calculating Water and Steam Properties), a COSMIC program to optimize power station design. This enabled the company to substantially reduce lea"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-5", "HDQS-SO-5", "Vacuum Drying Technique", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Unique technology transfer began in 1972 when Temple University's Klein Law Library caught fire. Almost 60,000 books, some irreplaceable, were completely soaked by tons of water. Temple's insurance company felt that the space vacuum chamber, originally used by Lunar Land Rover and Nimbus Weather Sat"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-50", "HDQS-SO-50", "Model 12T Temperature Digital Multimeter", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Model 12T Temperature/Digital Multimeter, produced by Logical Technical Services Corporation, NY, combines the ability to measure temperature as well as voltage and resistance in a single small instrument. The key to its development was a NASA Tech Brief describing new diode sensor technology. Use o"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-51", "HDQS-SO-51", "A Roof for the Lions' House", "", "HDQS", "Fans of NFL's Detroit Lions don't worry about game day weather. Magnificent new Pontiac Stadium has a domed air-supported roof that admits light but protects playing field and patrons from the elements. Key to construction of Silverdome\" is spinoff of fiber glass beta coated with Teflon TFE fluoroca"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-52", "HDQS-SO-52", "Portable Home Welder", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Pyronetics, Inc. manufactured a small, do-it-yourself welding torch which weighs only 7 pounds, gives a 5,000 degree Fahrenheit flame, and costs only $40.00. This resulted from information provided by a NASA Industrial Application Center at the University of Southern California. The center provided "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-53", "HDQS-SO-53", "Showride", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "New entertainment product, a cross between an amusement park ride and a wide screen movie has been developed with assistance of NASA's Industrial Application Center at the University of Southern California. Showride\" synchronizes sight sound and feelings of movement. Center provided literature searc"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-54", "HDQS-SO-54", "Blood Analyzer", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "In the 1970's, NASA provided funding for development of an automatic blood analyzer for Skylab at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL devised dynamic loading which employed a spinning rotor to load, transfer, and analyze blood samples by centrifugal processing. A refined, commercial versi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-55", "HDQS-SO-55", "Infrared Heaters", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Big Three Industries, Inc. developed the panelbloc infrared heaters used as energy savers which burn little fuel in relation to their effective heat output. Panelbloc does not waste energy by warming the surrounding air. Instead they beam invisible heat rays directly to objects which absorb radiatio"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-56", "HDQS-SO-56", "Multipurpose Compound", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Specially formulated derivatives of an unusual basic compound known as Alcide may be the answer to effective treatment and prevention of the disease bovine mastitis, a bacterial inflammation of a cow's mammary gland that results in loss of milk production and in extreme cases, death. Manufactured by"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-57", "HDQS-SO-57", "Thermal Analysis", "computer technology", "HDQS", "Packaging engineers can avoid unnecessary and costly redesign of product through use of tools such as the SINDA '85/FLUINT software system for predicting thermal performance of electronic aviation equipment. SINDA '85/FLUINT is an acronym for Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer and Flui"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-58", "HDQS-SO-58", "New Diagnostic Aids (Space Stat 20)", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Electro-Nucleonics, Inc. used NASA technology to create the Space Stat 20. This is a compact instrument which determines sodium and potassium levels of a blood sample. A very small blood sample, less than a milliliter, is injected into the machine where an electrode converts ionized calcium concentr"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-59", "HDQS-SO-59", "New Diagnostic Aids (Medical Data Acquisition)", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "General Electric Company, under NASA contracts, developed a Medical data acquisition unit that allows a seven minute physical examination -- no disrobing and no physician needed. Examination is three step process. Unit automatically records weight and measurements in seven seconds. Blood pressure cu"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-6", "HDQS-SO-6", "Preserving Perishables (Dormavac)", "transportation", "HDQS", "Dormavac, manufactured by Grumman, can preserve perishable commodities for weeks without freezing so they can be shipped fresh without the cost of air freight. It provides a commodity preserving environment within an aluminum container that can be transported by truck, rail or ship. Dormavac creates"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-60", "HDQS-SO-60", "Microbe Detector", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "McDonnell Douglas Corporation manufactured the Auto Microbic System (AMS). This is a fully automated system which detects harmful microorganisms in the human body, identifies them, and determines which microbe killing agent would be most effective in eliminating them. Samples of body fluids are plac"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-61", "HDQS-SO-61", "Beach Erosion", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Two miles of beach at Cape Canaveral eroded by construction of a port and jetties was recently restored. Such work in harbors of many cities often disrupts normal flow of sand for many miles along coasts. Brevard County, FL residents now enjoy a 400 ft. wide public beach in an area in imminent dange"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-62", "HDQS-SO-62", "Drying Thermoplastics", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "In searching for an improved method of removing water from polyester type resins without damaging the materials, Conair Inc. turned to the NASA Center at the University of Pittsburgh for assistance. Taking an organized, thorough look at existing technology before beginning research has helped many c"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-63", "HDQS-SO-63", "Log Truck Weighing System", "transportation", "HDQS", "Eldec Corporation manufactured an instrument in truck cabs that displays electronically computed weight data enabling truck operators to improve earnings by maximizing loads without exceeding legal highway weight limits. Electronic equipment computes tractor weight and this information is presented "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-64", "HDQS-SO-64", "Solar Heated Swimming Pool", "consumer home recreation", "HDQS", "OEM Products Inc., with Industrial Research Center assistance, developed a swimming pool on James River near Williamsburg that is solar heated by array of 10 flat plate collectors in foreground. Smaller suburban pool in Florida requires four collectors. Solar array was built by Solarmatic after the "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-65", "HDQS-SO-65", "Space Mountain Designed With NASTRAN", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Space Mountain\" roller coaster in Walt Disney World was designed using NASA's computer program \"NASTRAN\" (NASA Structural Analysis Program). Task is to design a support structure for the tracks which is totally safe and not overstrong. Overstrengthing adds nothing to safety and simply wastes money i"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-66", "HDQS-SO-66", "Cadillac Seville Using NASTRAN", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Cadillac Seville was first General Motors car designed by company's Vehicle Structural Analysis Program based in part on NASTRAN. Computer program improved car's ride within weight limits and saved development time. Success of Seville inspired company to extend computer analysis to the entire GM lin"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-67", "HDQS-SO-67", "Computer Storage Disks", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Vibration caused by spinning storage disks is studied with NASTRAN program at IBM Corp. They are using program to analyze and assure disk reliability."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-68", "HDQS-SO-68", "Comsat Antenna", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "New multiple beam, unattended earth terminal located at COMSAT Laboratories in Clarksburg, MD is actually a complex structure capable of maintaining contact with several satellites simultaneously. In developing antenna, COMSAT used NASA's computer program NASTRAN together with BANDIT, a comparison p"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-69", "HDQS-SO-69", "Picture Wall (Glass Structures)", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Subway station in Toronto is entirely glass enclosed. All glass structure was made possible by unique glazing concept developed by PPG Industries, one of the largest U.S. manufacturers of flat glass. In TVS glazing system, transparent glass fins\" replace conventional vertical support members used to"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-7", "HDQS-SO-7", "Space Camera", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Nikon's F3 35mm camera was specially modified for use by Space Shuttle astronauts. The modification work produced a spinoff lubricant. Because lubricants in space have a tendency to migrate within the camera, Nikon conducted extensive development to produce nonmigratory lubricants; variations of the"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-70", "HDQS-SO-70", "Farm Equipment", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "In production of tractor and a line of farm vehicles, Deere and Company used a COSMIC computer program called FEATS for Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Stress in computer analysis of diesel engine pistons, connecting rods and rocker arms. Company reports that use of FEATS afforded considerable sa"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-71", "HDQS-SO-71", "Thermal Video Systems", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Hughes Aircraft Corporation's Probeye Model 3300 Thermal Video System consists of tripod mounted infrared scanner that detects the degree of heat emitted by an object and a TV monitor on which results are displayed. Latest addition to Hughes line of infrared medical applications can detect temperatu"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-72", "HDQS-SO-72", "Management Technique", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Ball Aerospace Systems Division developed a highly efficient management method known as the total integrated systems approach\" a technique developed of necessity for managing extremely complex aerospace programs involving integration of a great many individual systems. These systems developed at dif"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-73", "HDQS-SO-73", "Nikon Camera", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Nikon FM compact has simplification feature derived from cameras designed for easy, yet accurate use in a weightless environment. Innovation is a plastic-cushioned advance lever which advances the film and simultaneously switches on a built in light meter. With a turn of the lens aperture ring, a gl"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-74", "HDQS-SO-74", "Spinoff from Space Fuel", "", "HDQS", "In 1963, under contract with NASA, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. built a 32 1/2 ton-a-day plant to meet the soaring demand for liquid hydrogen created by the Apollo missions and J-2 ground testing. Air Product's experience in government research, development and production of liquid hydrogen serv"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-75", "HDQS-SO-75", "Hostel for the Hajjis", "transportation", "HDQS", "Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), architects and engineers for the Haj Terminal, and the Saudi Ministry of Defense and Aviation needed to design some type of covered space that would process as many as 5,000 persons an hour and shelter up to 100,000 at a time during the annual haji pilgrimage. In "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-76", "HDQS-SO-76", "Help for Disabled Children", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "L & M Electronics with NASA assistance aided children with cerebral palsy. These children have nervous system defects which lead to muscular spasticity and loss of coordination. Many of these children have great difficulty walking because certain muscles are in a constant state of contraction. Surgi"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-77", "HDQS-SO-77", "New Help for the Sightless (Paper Money)", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "Boston Information and Technology found that blind people can differentiate between the values of currency of U.S. money. New device called Paper Money Identifier\" is used. This is a spinoff from NASA's optical-electronic scanning. Not distinguishable by the human eye each denomination of American c"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-78", "HDQS-SO-78", "Packaged Waste Treatment", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "General Electric Co. acquired experience in waste management and associated spacecraft environment technology. They have spun off this experience into packaged waste treatment systems for both sea and land applications. First was shipboard waste treatment system which used physical and chemical proc"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-79", "HDQS-SO-79", "Personal Alarm System", "public safety", "HDQS", "Sentry Products, Inc. commercialized a personal security system based on NASA space telemetry. The heart of system is ultrasonic pen size transmitter which can be used by prison guards, teachers, and others such as the handicapped and elderly. When problem arises, be it threat of violence or medical"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-8", "HDQS-SO-8", "Energy Recovery System", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Cogeneration system is one in which the energy ordinarily wasted in an industrial process is recovered and reused to create a second form of energy. Such an energy recovery system is in use at Crane Company's plant in Ferguson, KY, which manufactures ceramic bathroom fixtures. Crane's system capture"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-80", "HDQS-SO-80", "Thought for Food", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "3M Company's research found that food gets tired\" when there is too long a lapse between preparation and delivery to patient. This happens often in hospitals that serve thousands of meals daily because food must be cooked well in advance and stored hot until mealtime then moved to nursing units some"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-81", "HDQS-SO-81", "Tenderness Tester", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "BLH Electronics, under a NASA contract produced the Tenderometer, now a standard and important part of Armour's meat processing operation. This device originated from the surveyor lunar lander. It includes a large 10 pronged fork which is plunged into carcass and a cable-connected hand-held electron"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-82", "HDQS-SO-82", "Technology for Tuna Boats", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Freshly caught tuna is stored below decks in wells cooled to about zero degrees by brine circulated through a refrigerating system. Walls formerly were insulated by cork or fiberglass but both materials were subject to deterioration. Rockwell International Corporation signed a contract with NASA to "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-83", "HDQS-SO-83", "Bonded Lubricants", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "General Magnaplate Corporation manufactured another spinoff to food processing industry which involves dry lubricant. Lubricant is coating bonded to metal surfaces providing permanent lubrication and corrosion resistance. Adapted from the Skylab, Apollo, and Viking, this coating lengthens equipment "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-84", "HDQS-SO-84", "Toll Booth Purification", "transportation", "HDQS", "For many years toll collectors on turnpikes and bridges have been subjected to health hazards from engine exhaust fumes. NASA's Technology Applications Team at Stanford searched available information and suggested a transfer of clean room technology employing use of laminar flow technique. Draft fre"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-85", "HDQS-SO-85", "Metal Coatings", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "During the Apollo Program, General Magnaplate Corporation developed process techniques for bonding dry lubricant coatings to space metals. The coatings were not susceptible to outgassing and offered enhanced surface hardness and superior resistance to corrosion and wear. This development was necessa"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-86", "HDQS-SO-86", "Pipelaying Barges", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Ship Hull Characteristics Program (SHCP) is a composite program designed to solve basic naval architecture problems and assess the structural integrity and stability of vessel design; it is used extensively by marine industry designers. SHCP is used by Brown & Root engineers as a tool in designing b"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-87", "HDQS-SO-87", "Dental Arch Wire", "health and medicine", "HDQS", "New type of arch wire material, developed by 3M, called Nitinol, with exceptional elasticity which helps reduce required number of brace changes. When bent, stainless steel wire tends to kink and lose its ability to exert pressure, necessitating frequent adjustment and sometimes a complete brace cha"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-88", "HDQS-SO-88", "Woodburning Analysis", "consumer home recreation", "HDQS", "Aeroheater Company developed a high-efficiency wood burning heater that fits into a home fireplace has a patented heat exchanger that recirculates heated air from the upper ducts back into the room with less waste of energy. Heat does not go up the chimney. Temperatures up to 1,800 degrees Fahrenhei"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-89", "HDQS-SO-89", "An Environmental Innovation: The Sewer", "", "HDQS", "American Digital System's inventor Peter Petroff, a former NASA employee, designed and manufactured a sophisticated sewer flow measurement system which is contributing to more effective sewage processing. Key to the system is a device called a mouse because its shape suggests that of the small roden"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-9", "HDQS-SO-9", "Wall Covering", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Developed by Metallized Products, Inc., wall coverings are one of many consumer applications of aluminized plastic film technology. This technology originated from Apollo and Echo 1. Aluminum material offers extra insulation, reflects light, and resists cracking."], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-90", "HDQS-SO-90", "Spinoff for Deepsea Drillships", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Deep sea drill ships such as Discoverer Seven Seas drill for oil and gas through thousands of feet of water. Unanchored, they need a method of holding position directly over the drill site often for months. Honeywell, Inc. developed a mechanism for a positioning reference point, the systems employ a"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-91", "HDQS-SO-91", "Alaska Pipeline Insulation", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Crude oil moving through 800 miles trans-Alaska pipeline must be kept at relatively high temperature approximately 180 degrees Fahrenheit to maintain fluidity of oil in arctic weather. GE provided a product called Therm-O-Trol which is metal bonded polyurethane foam especially formulated for arctic "], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-92", "HDQS-SO-92", "Carbon Monoxide Sensor", "public safety", "HDQS", "General Electric, Direct Energy Conservation Program has commercialized the dosimeter. Designed to help users meet safety requirements for industrial atmospheres as specified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and other regulatory agencies. Compact, pocket-sized sensor measures per"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-93", "HDQS-SO-93", "Fire Detector", "public safety", "HDQS", "Sensor operates by sampling air to determine the presence of combustion particles, but unlike earlier equipment the Brunswick Incipient Fire Detector, originally used in space shuttle orbiters, can discriminate between combustion particles and extraneous matters such as dust. This gives an important"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-94", "HDQS-SO-94", "Heated Goggles", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Sierracin Corporation has incorporated NASA technology onto their electrically heated ski-goggles that provide fog-free sight where activity demands total vision. Defogging is accomplished by applying heat to prevent moisture condensation; electric heat is supplied by a small battery built into gogg"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-95", "HDQS-SO-95", "Sound Guard", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Ball Brothers' Lubrication technology originally developed for series of NASA satellites has produced a commercial product for protecting the sound fidelity of phonograph records called Sound Guard.\" Preservative is a spray-on fluid that deposits a microscopically thin protective coating which reduc"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-96", "HDQS-SO-96", "Metallized Products", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Since the early 1960's, virtually all NASA spacecraft have used metallized films for a variety of purposes, principally thermal radiation insulation. King Seeley manufactures a broad line of industrial and consumer oriented metallized film, fabric, paper and foam in single layer sheets and multi-lay"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-97", "HDQS-SO-97", "Book Preservation", "consumer/home/recreation", "HDQS", "Books produced since 1850, held in the Library of Congress, have a very high acid content, hence a shorter life expectancy than prior-published volumes. A means of deacidifying\" books on a large economically-viable scale is of great interest particularly to the research library community which store"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-98", "HDQS-SO-98", "Property Measurement", "environment and resource management", "HDQS", "Van is used by Land Inventory Systems to measure and map property for tax assessment purposes. It is adapted from navigation system of the Lunar Rover wheeled vehicle in which moon-exploring astronauts traveled as much as 20 miles from their Lunar Module base. Astronauts had to know their precise po"], ["spinoff", "HDQS-SO-99", "HDQS-SO-99", "Copying Machine Improvement", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "HDQS", "Manufacturer of the Model 2210 copying machine was looking for a plastic valve bushing material that could be produced by a low-cost injection molding process to replace the unsuitable valve bushing they were using. NERAC conducted a computer search of the NASA database and was able to supply Nashua"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-1", "JPL-SO-1", "Fighting Forest Fires", "public safety", "JPL", "Firefly is an airborne system for imaging forest fires. It uses satellite-based navigation for greater positioning accuracy and offers timeliness in fire location data delivery with on board data processing and a direct aircraft-to-fire camp communications link. Developed by Jet Propulsion Laborator"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-10", "JPL-SO-10", "Finding Diamonds in the Rough", "computer technology", "JPL", "HighTower Software, Inc. has developed a commercial software application originally designed at JPL that helps users identify deviations from norms out of massive quantities of data. The commercial product is known as CyberGrid and the same software is still supporting NASA's Voyager, Galileo and Ca"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-100", "JPL-SO-100", "Radiation Blocking Lenses (1989)", "public safety", "JPL", "Biomedical Optical Company of America's (BOCA) suntiger lenses, similar in principle to natural filters in the eyes of hawks and eagles, bar 99 percent of potentially harmful wavelengths, while allowing visually useful colors of light (red, orange, green) to pass through. They also improve visual ac"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-101", "JPL-SO-101", "Computer Technology for Industry", "computer technology", "JPL", "Shell Oil Company used a COSMIC program, called VISCEL to insure the accuracy of the company's new computer code for analyzing polymers, and chemical compounds. Shell reported that there were no other programs available that could provide the necessary calculations. Shell produces chemicals for plas"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-102", "JPL-SO-102", "Ranger's Legacy", "", "JPL", "With its Landsat satellites, development of sensors, and advancement of processing techniques, NASA provided the initial technology base for another Earth-benefit application of image processing, Earth resources survey by means of remote sensing. Since each object has its own unique signature it is "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-103", "JPL-SO-103", "Pile Driving", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Machine-oriented structural engineering firm TERA, Inc. is engaged in a project to evaluate the reliability of offshore pile driving prediction methods to eventually predict the best pile driving technique for each new offshore oil platform. Phase I Pile driving records of 48 offshore platforms incl"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-104", "JPL-SO-104", "Self Contained Ecosystems", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "A self contained ecosystem developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory is manufactured by Engineering and Research Associates. It is essentially a no-care aquarium which requires only natural or fluorescent light."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-105", "JPL-SO-105", "Bowling Ball Spotting", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Exactatron, an accurate weighing and spotting system in bowling ball manufacture, was developed by Ebonite International engineers with the assistance of a NASA computer search which identified Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) technology. The JPL research concerned a means of determining the center o"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-106", "JPL-SO-106", "Moon Technology for Skin Care", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Estee Lauder uses digital image analyzer and software based on NASA lunar research in evaluation of cosmetic products for skincare. Digital image processing brings out subtleties otherwise undetectable, and allows better determination of product's effectiveness. Technique allows Estee Lauder to quan"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-107", "JPL-SO-107", "Image Processing", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Images are prepared from data acquired by the multispectral scanner aboard Landsat, which views Earth in four ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, two visible bands and two infrared. Scanner picks up radiation from ground objects and converts the radiation signatures to digital signals, which are"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-108", "JPL-SO-108", "Industrial X-ray Imaging", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "In 1990, Lewis Research Center jointly sponsored a conference with the U.S. Air Force Wright Laboratory focused on high speed imaging. This conference, and early funding by Lewis Research Center, helped to spur work by Silicon Mountain Design, Inc. to break the performance barriers of imaging speed,"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-109", "JPL-SO-109", "Chromosome Analysis", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Perceptive Scientific Instruments, Inc., provides the foundation for the Powergene line of chromosome analysis and molecular genetic instrumentation. This product employs image processing technology from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and image enhancement techniques from Johnson Space Center. Ori"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-11", "JPL-SO-11", "Cybersonics--Tapping Into Technology", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "With the assistance of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cybersonics, Inc., developed an ultrasonic drill with applications ranging from the medical industry to space exploration. The drill, which has the ability to take a core sample of the har"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-110", "JPL-SO-110", "Mirrors Steer NASA in the Right Direction", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Left Hand Design completed the production of the fine-steering mirror technology through 1995 Phase I and 1996 Phase II SBIR contracts with JPL's Interferometric Astronomy group. Presently, the work resulting from the collaboration with NASA represents the company's main line of products for the com"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-111", "JPL-SO-111", "Rescue Equipment", "public safety", "JPL", "The Lifeshear cutter, a rescue tool for freeing accident victims from wreckage, was developed under the Clinton Administration's Technology Reinvestment Program. Prior cutting equipment was cumbersome and expensive; the new cutter is 50 percent lighter and 70 percent cheaper. The cutter is pyrotechn"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-112", "JPL-SO-112", "Traffic Monitor", "public safety", "JPL", "Intelligent Vision Systems, Inc. (InVision) needed image acquisition technology that was reliable in bad weather for its TDS-200 Traffic Detection System. InVision researchers used information from NASA Tech Briefs and assistance from Johnson Space Center to finish the system. The NASA technology us"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-113", "JPL-SO-113", "Making Sense of Remotely Sensed Ultra-Spectral Infrared Data", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California, Earth Observing System (EOS) programs, the Deep Space Network (DSN), and various Department of Defense (DOD) technology demonstration programs, combined their technical expertise to develop SEASCRAPE, a software program that obtains data "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-114", "JPL-SO-114", "Technology for Water Treatment (National Water Management)", "public safety", "JPL", "The buildup of scale and corrosion is the most costly maintenance problem in cooling tower operation. Jet Propulsion Laboratory successfully developed a non-chemical system that not only curbed scale and corrosion, but also offered advantages in water conservation, cost savings and the elimination o"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-115", "JPL-SO-115", "Traffic Monitor", "public safety", "JPL", "Mestech's X-15 Eye in the Sky a traffic monitoring system, incorporates NASA imaging and robotic vision technology. A camera or sensor box\" is mounted in a housing. The sensor detects vehicles approaching an intersection and sends the information to a computer which controls the traffic light accord"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-116", "JPL-SO-116", "NASA's Software Bank (Signal Group)", "computer technology", "JPL", "A COSMIC program helped the Signal Group to provide a communications system linking a desert area without communications facilities to civilization. The system was developed for a hunting party of wealthy Middle Eastern men. The latest in two-way radio technology was incorporated into a portable sys"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-117", "JPL-SO-117", "A Closer Look at Quality Control", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory awarded the Brimrose Corporation a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to develop the Luminar 5030 Mini Spectrometer, a compact, rugged, near-infrared spectrometer. The product delivers rapid, multi-component analysis for a wide variety of commercial a"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-118", "JPL-SO-118", "Finding the Lost City", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Nicholas Clapp, a filmmaker and archeology enthusiast, had accumulated extensive information concerning Ubar, the fabled lost city of ancient Arabia. When he was unable to identify its exact location, however, he turned to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for assistance in applying orbital remote"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-119", "JPL-SO-119", "Solar Water Heater", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "As a Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) scientist Dr. Eldon Haines studied the solar energy source and solar water heating. He concluded he could build a superior solar water heating system using the geyser pumping principle. He resigned from JPL to develop his system and later form Sage Advance Corpor"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-12", "JPL-SO-12", "Fully “Eqwipped” to See the Heat", "public safety", "JPL", "Developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory over the past decade with an excess of $15 million of government research and development investment, quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) are infrared imaging sensors that can operate in the long wavelength portion of the electromagnetic spectru"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-120", "JPL-SO-120", "Astronomy Aid", "computer technology", "JPL", "As a Jet Propulsion Laboratory astronomer, John D. Callahan developed a computer program called Multimission Interactive Planner (MIP) to help astronomers analyze scientific and optical data collected on the Voyager's Grand Tour. The commercial version of the program called XonVu is published by Xon"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-121", "JPL-SO-121", "Web Time-Management Tool", "computer technology", "JPL", "Oak Grove Reactor, developed by Oak Grove Systems, is a new software program that allows users to integrate workflow processes. It can be used with portable communication devices. The software can join e-mail, calendar/scheduling and legacy applications into one interactive system via the Web. Prior"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-122", "JPL-SO-122", "Radiation Blocking Lenses (1993)", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "The Biomedical Optical Company of America's Eagle 475 lens absorbs 100 percent of all photowavelengths considered hazardous to eye tissue, including ultraviolet and blue light, which are considered contributors to cataract and age-related macular degeneration. The lens absorbs hazardous wavelengths,"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-123", "JPL-SO-123", "Testing Services", "public safety", "JPL", "Trace Laboratories is an independent testing laboratory specializing in testing printed circuit boards, automotive products and military hardware. Technical information from NASA Tech Briefs and two subsequent JPL Technical Support packages have assisted Trace in testing surface insulation resistanc"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-125", "JPL-SO-125", "Hazardous Environment Robotics", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed video overlay calibration and demonstration techniques for ground-based telerobotics. Through a technology sharing agreement with JPL, Deneb Robotics added this as an option to its robotics software, TELEGRIP. The software is used for remotely operating robo"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-126", "JPL-SO-126", "Reliability Prediction", "computer technology", "JPL", "RELAV, a NASA-developed computer program, enables Systems Control Technology, Inc. (SCT) to predict performance of aircraft subsystems. RELAV provides a system level evaluation of a technology. Systems, the mechanism of a landing gear for example, are first described as a set of components performin"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-127", "JPL-SO-127", "Lightweight Jack", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Under contract to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Richard Dudgeon, Inc. developed a heavy lifting load cell system to lift segments of giant antennas in NASA's Deep Space Network. The company commercialized the technology in its Dudgeon High Pressure Ultrathin Pancake Jacks/Hydraulic Load Cells. They are"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-128", "JPL-SO-128", "Infrared Thermometer", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Diatek Corporation, San Diego, CA and the Jet Propulsion Lab developed the Diatek Model 7000 aural thermometer which weighs only eight ounces, and measures temperature in less than two seconds using infrared astronomy technology to measure the amount of infrared energy emitted by the eardrum (the sa"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-129", "JPL-SO-129", "Heart Research", "health and medicine", "JPL", "James Antaki and a group of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine used many elements of the Technology Utilization Program while looking for a way to visualize and track material points within the heart muscle. What they needed were tiny artificial eggs\" containing copper "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-13", "JPL-SO-13", "Laserfax", "computer technology", "JPL", "Harris Electronics Systems, Inc. incorporated NASA's spacecraft antennas into the commercialization of Laserfax. Technician receives a photograph prepared by means of high speed, high resolution facsimile system via a laser beam that scans the photo being sent. Laser scanning data is converted to el"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-130", "JPL-SO-130", "Landsat Legacy", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "The Landsat resources survey system spawned a number of companies engaged in commercial applications of remote sensing, among them International Imaging Systems (I2S). With initial NASA assistance, I2S has provided remote sensing hardware and software to several foreign countries, developed meteorol"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-131", "JPL-SO-131", "Oceanographic Research", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "The PNF-300 Natural Fluorometer is an optical instrument for oceanographic research developed under NASA contract by Biospherical Instruments, Inc. An important innovation for oceanographers, it measures photosynthetic productivity and estimates phytoplankton production less expensively, is non-intr"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-132", "JPL-SO-132", "A Third Arm for the Surgeon", "health and medicine", "JPL", "In laparoscopic surgery, tiny incisions are made in the patient's body and a laparoscope (an optical tube with a camera at the end) is inserted. The camera's image is projected onto two video screens, whose views guide the surgeon through the procedure. AESOP, a medical robot developed by Computer M"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-133", "JPL-SO-133", "Waste Site Mapping", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Old aircraft considered not restorable are melted down in on-site furnaces to reclaim the aluminum in their airframes. The process produces aluminum ingots and leaves a residue known as dross.\" Because dross contains contaminants like lead silver cadmium and copper Pima County the dross dumping site"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-134", "JPL-SO-134", "Oil Spill Cleanup", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Petroleum Remediation Product (PRP) is a new way of cleaning up oil spills. It consists of thousands of microcapsules, tiny balls of beeswax with hollow centers, containing live microorganisms and nutrients to sustain them. As oil flows through the microcapsule's shell, it is consumed and digested b"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-135", "JPL-SO-135", "Oceanographic Instrument", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Developed under NASA contract, the Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) fluorometer is a computer-controlled instrument for measuring the fluorescence of phytoplankton, microscopic plant forms that provide sustenance for animal life in the oceans. The fluorometer sensor is towed by ship through the water and "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-136", "JPL-SO-136", "Infrared Camera", "public safety", "JPL", "A sensitive infrared camera that observes the blazing plumes from the Space Shuttle or expendable rocket liftoffs is capable of scanning for fires, monitoring the environment and providing medical imaging. The hand-held camera uses highly sensitive arrays in infrared photodetectors known as quantum "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-138", "JPL-SO-138", "New Modular Camera No Ordinary Joe", "health and medicine", "JPL", "In astronomy, Little Joe\" is used as a wave sensor to eliminate aberrations triggered by wavefront distortions that are known to plague this field with image degradation. Little Joe is also capable of correcting wavefront distortions in medical imaging applications-such as measuring distortions in t"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-139", "JPL-SO-139", "NASA's Software Bank (Cassegrain Feed System)", "computer technology", "JPL", "When Scientific-Atlanta had to design a new Cassegrain antenna, they found that the COSMIC program, Machine Design of Cassegrain Feed System\" allowed for computer simulation of the antenna's performance enabling pre-construction changes to be made. Significant cost savings were effected by the progr"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-14", "JPL-SO-14", "Navigating the Airways", "transportation", "JPL", "Through a licensing agreement with JPL, Hughes Aircraft Company is using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) software GIPSY-OASIS for implementation of the Federal Aviation Administration's Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). WAAS will provide precision navigation for commercial airliners in U.S"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-140", "JPL-SO-140", "Robotic Vehicle", "public safety", "JPL", "A commercially available ANDROS Mark V-A robot was used by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) as the departure point in the development of the HAZBOT III, a prototype teleoperated mobile robot designed for response to emergencies. Teleoperated robots contribute significantly to reducing human injury le"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-141", "JPL-SO-141", "Refrigeration Showcases", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Through the Technology Affiliates Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), valuable modifications were made to refrigerator displays built by Displaymor Manufacturing Company, Inc. By working with JPL, Displaymor could address stiffer requirements that ensure the freshness of foods. The appli"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-142", "JPL-SO-142", "A Boom in Boomerangs", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Ted Bailey, a highly-ranked international boomerang designer and thrower, used information from a variety of NASA technical reports on aerodynamics and low-speed airfoils to design more competitive boomerangs. Because the boomerang is essentially an airfoil like an airplane wing, the technology tran"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-143", "JPL-SO-143", "Water Sensors", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Mike Morris, former Associate Director of STAC, formed pHish Doctor, Inc. to develop and sell a pH monitor for home aquariums. The monitor, or pHish Doctor, consists of a sensor strip and color chart that continually measures pH levels in an aquarium. This is important because when the level gets to"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-144", "JPL-SO-144", "Precision Heating Process", "health and medicine", "JPL", "A heat sealing process was developed by SEBRA based on technology that originated in work with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The project involved connecting and transferring blood and fluids between sterile plastic containers while maintaining a closed system. SEBRA markets the PIRF Process to m"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-145", "JPL-SO-145", "Automated Pollution Control", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Patterned after the Cassini Resource Exchange (CRE), Sholtz and Associates established the Automated Credit Exchange (ACE), an Internet-based concept that automates the auctioning of pollution credits\" in Southern California. An early challenge of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Cassini mission was "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-147", "JPL-SO-147", "Laser Safety Device", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "A major focus of work done at Air Products and Chemicals' Laser Application Laboratory is on use of ultraviolet radiation using high energy excimer lasers. Because light within the wavelength of excimer lasers is invisible, it can cause serious damage to eyes and tissue. To contain the laser beam, A"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-148", "JPL-SO-148", "Analytical Instrument", "computer technology", "JPL", "BEEM (Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy) was invented at Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Center for Microelectronics Technology. It is a significant research instrument for microelectronics research because it is able to image underlying layers or interfaces of surface structures. A tiny current is"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-149", "JPL-SO-149", "Antenna Controller", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "A NASA-developed computer program has effected substantial savings in inclined orbit trackings for Research Concepts, Inc. Artificial Satellite Analysis Program (ASAP) allowed the company to avoid duplicating research and shortened the time needed to develop an R2000B antenna controller. The device "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-15", "JPL-SO-15", "All-Terrain Intelligent Robot Braves Battlefront to Save Lives", "public safety", "JPL", "A number of iRobot employees have drawn from their NASA experiences to help develop the PackBot Tactile Mobile Robot, used by U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan to help clear caves and bunkers, search buildings, and cross live anti-personnel mine fields. The chief executive officer of iRobot design"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-150", "JPL-SO-150", "Internet Business Solutions", "computer technology", "JPL", "Cogent Software, Inc. was formed in January 1995 by David Atkinson and Irene Woerner, both former employees of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Several other Cogent employees also worked at JPL. Atkinson headed JPL's Information Systems Technology section and Woernor lead the Advanced User Inter"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-151", "JPL-SO-151", "Stray Light Analysis", "computer technology", "JPL", "Based on a Small Business Innovation Research contract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, TracePro is state-of-the-art interactive software created by Lambda Research Corporation to detect stray light in optical systems. An image can be ruined by incidental light in an optical system. To maintain i"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-152", "JPL-SO-152", "Hierarchical Segmentation Enhances Diagnostic Imaging", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Bartron Medical Imaging LLC (BMI), of New Haven, Connecticut, gained a nonexclusive license from Goddard Space Flight Center to use the RHSEG software in medical imaging. To manage image data, BMI then licensed two pattern-matching software programs from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory that were us"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-154", "JPL-SO-154", "Software to Manage the Unmanageable", "computer technology", "JPL", "In 1995, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) contracted Lucidoc Corporation, a Redmond, Washington-based company to design a document management system to store and catalog over 8,000 technical and procedural documents integrated with hundreds of processes. JPL uses the Lucidoc solution to create"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-155", "JPL-SO-155", "Mars Mapping Technology Brings Main Street to Life", "computer technology", "JPL", "Berkeley, California-based earthmine inc., licensed 3-D data-generation software and algorithms from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory originally used to create a 3-D representation of the local terrain to allow autonomous routing of the Mars Exploration Rovers. earthmine combined the software and al"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-156", "JPL-SO-156", "Noninvasive Test Detects Cardiovascular Disease", "health and medicine", "JPL", "At NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-developed Video Imaging Communication and Retrieval (VICAR) software laid the groundwork for analyzing images of all kinds. A project seeking to use imaging technology for health care diagnosis began when the imaging team considered using the VICAR sof"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-157", "JPL-SO-157", "Water Vapor Sensors Go Sky-High to Assure Aircraft Safety", "public safety", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed a special type of laser diode-based gas analyzer that the Space Agency could use to measure atmospheric gasses on Earth and Mars. In doing so, JPL used a tunable diode laser, which NASA scientists could tune to different wavelengths-like a radio being"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-158", "JPL-SO-158", "Keeping the Air Clean and Safe—An Anthrax Smoke Detector", "public safety", "JPL", "The Anthrax Smoke Detector (ASD) combines a bioaerosol capture device with a simple analysis method, a robust chemical test for bacterial spores. Airborne particles are drawn to the machine through a fan, captured, and then tested for weaponized anthrax. In addition to its simplicity, the unit has a"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-159", "JPL-SO-159", "Difficult Decisions Made Easier", "computer technology", "JPL", "GoldSim Technology Group LLC, of Issaquah, Washington, a privately held software company that delivers software and services to help people understand complex systems and make better decisions worked with NASA to advance GoldSim, the company's namesake simulation software, originally developed for l"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-16", "JPL-SO-16", "Space Software", "computer technology", "JPL", "Xontech, Inc.'s software package, XonVu, simulates the missions of Voyager 1 at Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 2 at Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and Giotto in close encounter with Comet Halley. With the program, the user can generate scenes of the planets, moons, stars or Halley's nucleus and t"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-160", "JPL-SO-160", "Software Analyzes Complex Systems in Real Time", "computer technology", "JPL", "VIASPACE Inc., of Pasadena, California, licensed the Spacecraft Health Inference Engine (SHINE) software from NASA. It was designed to monitor, analyze, and diagnose real-time and non-real-time systems and, in addition to having been used on at least eight major NASA missions, has found application "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-162", "JPL-SO-162", "Image Acquisition in Real Time", "computer technology", "JPL", "Formerly a JPL engineer who constructed imaging systems for spacecraft and ground-based astronomy projects, Carlos Jorquera is the founder and president of the three-person firm, Boulder Imaging Inc. The company's vast engineering talent shines through on its flagship imaging capture and processing "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-165", "JPL-SO-165", "Look Sharp While Seeing Sharp", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "The original SunTiger sunlight-filtering lens-derived from research conducted in the 1980s on the harmful properties of light in space and artificial radiation produced during laser and welding work-has successfully withstood the test of time. It is alive and well today in the form of eyewear that c"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-166", "JPL-SO-166", "Damping Goes the Distance in Golf", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "In the late 1980s, Dr. Benjamin Dolgin of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a concept for a high-damping graphite/viscoelastic material for the Strategic Defense Initiative. Dolgin drummed up this concept with the intention of stabilizing weapons launch platforms in space, where there is no"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-167", "JPL-SO-167", "Raised Relief Mars Globe Brings the Red Planet Closer", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "The Mars Globe 20x is the first digitally produced raised relief globe to be sold at retail establishments. The rises and dips of the Martian landscape have been multiplied by 20 to make the shapes more noticeable to human touch and sight. They make this globe, with its over 1 million elevation poin"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-168", "JPL-SO-168", "Settling the Score with Heart Disease", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Technology and medicine forged a bond in 1986 when a group of dedicated NASA scientists, University of Southern California medical professors, and a Dutch cardiologist joined forces to prevent heart attacks, using ultrasound images of astronauts' blood-flow patterns and the supercomputer depended up"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-169", "JPL-SO-169", "Cloud Imagers Offer New Details on Earth’s Health", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Boulder, Colorado-based Stratton Park Engineering Company Inc. (SPEC) has won numerous SBIR contracts to develop atmospheric instrumentation, including a Phase II SBIR from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for cloud particle imagers. The SPEC Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) has been installed on NASA's "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-17", "JPL-SO-17", "Breast Cancer Detection", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has come up with a technique to decrease exposure to harmful x-rays in mammographies or breast radiography. Usually, physicians make more than one exposure to arrive at an x-ray film of acceptable density. Now the same solar cells used to convert sunlight into electr"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-170", "JPL-SO-170", "Radio Relays Improve Wireless Products", "computer technology", "JPL", "Signal Hill, California-based XCOM Wireless Inc. developed radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) relays with a Phase II SBIR contract through NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In order to improve satellite communication systems, XCOM produced wireless RF MEMS relays and tunable ca"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-171", "JPL-SO-171", "Tough Textiles Protect Payloads and Public Safety Officers", "public safety", "JPL", "In order to create the Mars Pathfinder's mission-critical airbags in the 1990s, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory collaborated with New Ipswich, New Hampshire's Warwick Mills Inc. to weave multilayer textiles for the airbags for both Pathfinder and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Warwick Mills applied t"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-172", "JPL-SO-172", "Advanced Sensors Boost Optical Communication, Imaging", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Brooklyn, New York-based Amplification Technologies Inc. (ATI) employed SBIR funding from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to forward the company's solid-state photomultiplier technology. Under the SBIRs, ATI developed a small, energy-efficient, extremely high-gain sensor capable of detecting light "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-173", "JPL-SO-173", "Robust Light Filters Support Powerful Imaging Devices", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Infrared (IR) light filters developed by Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc., of Westerville, Ohio-using SBIR funding from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Langley Research Center-employ porous silicon and metal mesh technology to provide optical filtration even at the ultra-low temperatures required by"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-174", "JPL-SO-174", "Thermoelectric Devices Cool, Power Electronics", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Nextreme Thermal Solutions Inc., based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, licensed thermoelectric technology from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This has allowed the company to develop cutting edge, thin-film thermoelectric coolers that effectively remove heat generated by increasingly po"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-175", "JPL-SO-175", "Antennas Lower Cost of Satellite Access", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "SeaSpace Corporation, of Poway, California, worked with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under two SBIR contracts to reduce the cost of satellite ground tracking. The resulting hardware and software not only complement NASA's remote sensing capabilities but also benefit the greater research communit"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-176", "JPL-SO-176", "Image Sensors Enhance Camera Technologies", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "In the 1990s, a Jet Propulsion Laboratory team led by Eric Fossum researched ways of improving complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors in order to miniaturize cameras on spacecraft while maintaining scientific image quality. Fossum's team founded a company to commercialize the r"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-177", "JPL-SO-177", "GPS Software Packages Deliver Positioning Solutions", "computer technology", "JPL", "To determine a spacecraft's position, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed an innovative software program called the GPS (global positioning system)-Inferred Positioning System and Orbit Analysis Simulation Software, abbreviated as GIPSY-OASIS, and also developed Real-Time GIPSY (RTG) for c"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-179", "JPL-SO-179", "Deformable Mirrors Correct Optical Distortions", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "By combining the high sensitivity of space telescopes with revolutionary imaging technologies consisting primarily of adaptive optics, the Terrestrial Planet Finder is slated to have imaging power 100 times greater than the Hubble Space Telescope. To this end, Boston Micromachines Corporation, of Ca"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-18", "JPL-SO-18", "Auxiliary Power Units", "computer technology", "JPL", "AiResearch Manufacturing Company, a division of the Garrett Corporation, is engaged in manufacturing a broad variety of products of the aerospace, energy, metals, transit, and marine industries. Products such as fuel controls and rotating accessories for gas turbines are produced by another Garrett "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-180", "JPL-SO-180", "Ultraviolet-Blocking Lenses Protect, Enhance Vision", "health and medicine", "JPL", "To combat the harmful properties of light in space, as well as that of artificial radiation produced during laser and welding work, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) scientists developed a lens capable of absorbing, filtering, and scattering the dangerous light while not obstructing vision. SunTiger I"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-181", "JPL-SO-181", "Cameras Improve Navigation for Pilots, Drivers", "transportation", "JPL", "Advanced Scientific Concepts Inc. (ASC), of Santa Barbara, California, received SBIR awards and other funding from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, and Langley Research Center to develop and refine its 3D flash LIDAR technologies for space applications. Today, ASC's NASA-derived "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-182", "JPL-SO-182", "Receivers Gather Data for Climate, Weather Prediction", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "A technology developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) uses a technique to help scientists improve weather forecasts, monitor climate change, and enhance space weather research. JPL turned to Tempe, Arizona-based Broad Reach Engineering Company to produce the receivers. The company license"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-183", "JPL-SO-183", "Tools Ensure Reliability of Critical Software", "computer technology", "JPL", "To demonstrate the feasibility of using a tool to automatically check software for compliance, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory awarded SBIR funding to GrammaTech Inc. of Ithaca, New York. Today, the software tool has hundreds of users worldwide, including Fortune 500 companies, educational institution"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-184", "JPL-SO-184", "Mass Frameworks Coordinate Scientific Data Management", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory computer scientists developed a unique software framework to help NASA manage its massive amounts of science data. Through a partnership with the Apache Software Foundation of Forest Hill, Maryland, the technology is now available as an open-source solution and is in use by"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-185", "JPL-SO-185", "Rovers Pave the Way for Hospital Robots", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory provided funding for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to develop capabilities for robotics like Rocky 7. After developing the operating system, Daniel Theobald started working at Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Vecna Technologies. Today, Vecna's QC Bot incorpora"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-186", "JPL-SO-186", "Satellite Maps Deliver More Realistic Gaming", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "When Redwood City, California-based Electronic Arts (EA) decided to make SSX, its latest snowboarding video game, it faced challenges in creating realistic-looking mountains. The solution was NASA's ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map, made available by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which EA used to"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-187", "JPL-SO-187", "Shuttle Topography Data Inform Solar Power Analysis", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "In 2000, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory spearheaded the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, which created a high-detail global elevation map. The data sets were later processed to produce shading models, which are now part of New York City-based Locus Energy LLC's commercial offerings. Locus Energy's s"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-188", "JPL-SO-188", "Programs Visualize Earth and Space for Interactive Education", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Kevin Hussey and others at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory produced web applications to visualize all of the spacecraft in orbit around Earth and in the Solar System. Hussey worked with Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based The Elumenati to rewrite the programs, and after licensing them, the company started offe"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-189", "JPL-SO-189", "Cameras Monitor Spacecraft Integrity to Prevent Failures", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory contracted Malin Space Science Systems Inc. to outfit Curiosity with four of its cameras using the latest commercial imaging technology. The company parlayed the knowledge gained under working with NASA to develop an off-the-shelf line of cameras, along with a digital v"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-19", "JPL-SO-19", "Surveying System", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Sunrise Geodetic Surveys are setting up their equipment for a town survey. Their equipment differs from conventional surveying systems that employ transit rod and chain to measure angles and distances. They are using ISTAC Inc.'s Model 2002 positioning system, which offers fast accurate surveying wi"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-190", "JPL-SO-190", "3D Endoscope to Boost Safety, Cut Costs of Surgery", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory worked with the brain surgeon who directs the Skull Base Institute in Los Angeles to create the first endoscope fit for brain surgery and capable of producing 3D video images. It is also the first to be able to steer its lens back and forth. These improve"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-191", "JPL-SO-191", "IonoSTAGE Ensures Accuracy of Pilots’ GPS", "transportation", "JPL", "IonoSTAGE and SuperTruth software are part of a suite created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to enable the Federal Aviation Administration_s Wide Area Augmentation System, which provides pinpoint accuracy in aircraft GPS units. The system, used by more than 73,000 planes, facilitates landings unde"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-192", "JPL-SO-192", "Ruggedized Spectrometers Are Built for Tough Jobs", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "The Mars Curiosity Chemistry and Camera instrument, or ChemCam, analyzes the elemental composition of materials on the Red Planet by using a spectrometer to measure the wavelengths of light they emit. Principal investigator Roger Wiens worked with Ocean Optics, out of Dunedin, Florida, to rework the"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-193", "JPL-SO-193", "Dry Lubricant Smooths the Way for Space Travel, Industry", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Reviving industry standards for coating parts in tungsten disulfide, a dry lubricant developed for the Mariner space probes managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1960s and _70s, Applied Tungstenite, a relatively new Temecula, California-based company, has found a client base in the mushroo"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-194", "JPL-SO-194", "Space-Ready Spectrometer Offers Terrestrial Advantages", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Under two SBIR contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1990s, Brimrose Corporation of Sparks, Maryland, made its acousto-optic tunable-filter (AOTF) spectrometers smaller, lighter, sturdier, and more energy efficient. The company now sells 14 different AOTF spectrometer models that are u"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-195", "JPL-SO-195", "GPS Sensor Web Helps Forecasters Warn of Monsoon Flash Floods", "public safety", "JPL", "In Southern California, summertime monsoons bring a variety of hazards and are notoriously difficult to predict. In a project funded by NASA_s Earth Science Technology Office through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 37 GPS stations were outfitted with meteorological sensors, generating data on air moi"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-196", "JPL-SO-196", "Mars Methane Detector Identifies Harmful Gas Leaks", "public safety", "JPL", "In order to determine whether Mars is, or ever was, host to life, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) fitted the Mars Science Laboratory rover with the Tunable Laser Spectrometer to detect methane, a possible sign of microbial life. Through a Space Act Agreement with various organizations, including"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-197", "JPL-SO-197", "Mars Rover Work Spawns PDF Collaboration Software", "computer technology", "JPL", "Among the first projects undertaken by Alliance Space Systems, founded by NASA engineers, were robotic arms for Jet Propulsion Laboratory rovers Spirit and Opportunity. The company wanted to streamline circulation and editing of documents and improve conversions of computer-aided designs into PDFs. "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-198", "JPL-SO-198", "Artificial Intelligence Targets Advertising by Understanding User", "computer technology", "JPL", "Thousand Oaks, California startup Beyond Limits Corporation licensed an artificial intelligence program and language-understanding software from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 2013 and retooled the programs to target online advertising. Rather than simply remembering that a user once bought someth"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-199", "JPL-SO-199", "Temperature-Resistant Materials Enable Space-Like Cold on Earth", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Since the 1980s, Dunmore Corporation of Bristol, Pennsylvania, has worked with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and other NASA centers to develop temperature-resistant products, helping the company establish a massive catalog. Many of its multilayer insulations were developed for NASA and are now used "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-2", "JPL-SO-2", "Material Testing Device", "public safety", "JPL", "Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts led to two commercial instruments and a new subsidiary for Physical Sciences, Inc. (PSI). The FAST system, originally developed for testing the effect of space environment on materials, is now sold commercially for use in aging certification of mat"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-20", "JPL-SO-20", "Cleaning up Silicon", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "A development program that started in 1975 between Union Carbide and JPL, led to Advanced Silicon Materials LLC's, formerly ASiMI, commercial process for producing silane in viable quantities. The process was expanded to include the production of high-purity polysilicon for electronic devices. The t"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-200", "JPL-SO-200", "Electrospray Thrusters Boost Efficiency, Precision", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "To equip the disturbance reduction system it provided for the European Space Agency_s LISA Pathfinder mission, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory hired Natick, Massachusetts-based Busek Co. Inc. to develop the most delicate thrusters ever flown. Using electrospray technology, the highly efficient and lon"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-201", "JPL-SO-201", "Active Pixel Sensors Lead Dental Imagery into the Digital Age", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors invented at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory have taken over the digital imaging industry, but one of their earliest applications was in dental radiology. When the technology was new, Long Island City, New York-based Schick Technologies, now "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-202", "JPL-SO-202", "Miniaturized Vacuum Pumps Play Big Roles on Mars and Earth", "public safety", "JPL", "One of Curiosity's tools is a mass spectrometer used to analyze rock and gas samples on the Red Planet. Through a series of SBIR contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Creare Inc., based in Hanover, New Hampshire, built the vacuum chamber for the spectrometer by heavily modifying existing tec"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-203", "JPL-SO-203", "CMOS Sensors Enable Phone Cameras, HD Video", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "In the 1990s, Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineer Eric Fossum invented what would become NASA_s most ubiquitous spinoff_digital image sensors based on complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS). These were significantly smaller and more efficient than the charge-coupled-device imagers of the day"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-204", "JPL-SO-204", "GPS Correction Technology Lets Tractors Drive Themselves", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "With a license for software created by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to stream corrected GPS data and a contract to receive data from JPL_s global network of reference stations, Moline, Illinois-based John Deere released StarFire receivers that let tractors drive themselves, were affordable, d"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-205", "JPL-SO-205", "Light-Analysis Software Explodes across Industries", "computer technology", "JPL", "Under two SBIR contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Lambda Research Corporation of Littleton, Massachusetts, developed its TracePro light ray-tracing software in the mid-1990s to help engineers predict stray light in imagers. Since then, the program_the first of its kind compatible with com"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-206", "JPL-SO-206", "Power Amplifiers Boost Radar, Communications, Defense Systems", "computer technology", "JPL", "As a subcontractor under an SBIR contract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, QuinStar Technology Inc. of Torrance, California, developed a solid-state power amplifier of unprecedented efficiency. While most comparable devices lose 20 percent of their amplified energy when their signals recombine, Q"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-207", "JPL-SO-207", "Radar Device Detects Heartbeats Trapped under Wreckage", "public safety", "JPL", "NASA often analyzes weak signals hidden in noise, like alterations in a satellite’s path that indicate gravity fluctuations in a planet. With funding from other government agencies, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory adapted the technology to create FINDER, which uses radar to detect the breathing and he"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-208", "JPL-SO-208", "The Martian Garden Recreates Red Planet’s Surface", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "In 2006, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory tested dust and rocks from a basalt quarry in the Mojave Desert and found it about 93 percent similar to the surface of Mars. The center now uses the resulting Mars Mojave Simulant (MMS) to test rovers bound for the Red Planet. The Martian Garden, based in Aust"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-209", "JPL-SO-209", "All-in-One Lab Device Gets New Instruments via Software Update", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Researchers at Australian National University who worked on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s (JPL) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment under an agreement with the Australian government, some of whom had also worked on the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna for JPL, used their expertise in signal "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-21", "JPL-SO-21", "Welding Curtains", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Concept of transparent welding curtains made of heavy duty vinyl originated with David F. Wilson, President of Wilson Sales Company. In 1968, Wilson's curtains reduced glare of welding arc and blocked ultraviolet radiation. When later research uncovered blue light hazards, Wilson sought improvement "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-210", "JPL-SO-210", "Tunable Liquid Crystals Grab Particles and Cells Using Only Light", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Filtering different wavelengths of light can help reveal important information, such as clues to how well a plant is growing. Meadowlark Optics, with help from an SBIR contract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, developed a light filter that could be tuned to different wavelengths with a flip of a "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-211", "JPL-SO-211", "Material for Mars Makes Life-Saving Sutures", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA aims to bring samples back from Mars, but challenges abound: for example, simulated Martian dirt interfered with a clean seal. Techno Planet Inc., building a canister with SBIR funding from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, turned to Orangeburg, South Carolina-based Zeus Inc. to make a barrier to "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-212", "JPL-SO-212", "Miniature Positioner Focuses Lenses with Precision", "health and medicine", "JPL", "An instrument designed to study dark matter and dark energy for the ground-based Subaru Telescope in Japan required thousands of miniature positioners powered with tiny piezoelectric motors. Engineers from the California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory worked with Victor, N"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-213", "JPL-SO-213", "NASA Brings Accuracy to World’s Global Positioning Systems", "public safety", "JPL", "GPS is an Air Force program, but NASA algorithms are largely to thank for the system being useful for secure, precision applications like airplane guidance, self-driving farm equipment, and directing first responders. Raw GPS data can be off by 30 feet or more, so the Jet Propulsion Laboratory devel"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-214", "JPL-SO-214", "RoboMantis Offers to Take Over Dangerous Missions", "public safety", "JPL", "A rugged robot built at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been adapted by Pasadena, California-based Motiv Space Systems into the five- or six-limbed RoboMantis, which could take over dangerous jobs in disaster zones or hazardous areas. JPL’s version built on decades of robotics experience for"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-215", "JPL-SO-215", "Methane Detector Sniffs Out Leaks", "public safety", "JPL", "Methane is the main ingredient in the natural gas that powers heating, cooking, and electricity—and a potent greenhouse gas. Methane can also be a sign of bacterial life, which is why NASA installed a methane detector on the Curiosity rover, designing a brand-new tunable laser spectrometer for the t"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-216", "JPL-SO-216", "Low-Cost Transceiver Will Allow First Laser Mass Communication", "computer technology", "JPL", "Since the advent of the laser in the 1960s, engineers have struggled to use light beams in free space to send information the way we use radio waves. A transceiver created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now licensed by Atlanta-based Xenesis, could be a breakthrough. Rather than burying fiber-opti"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-217", "JPL-SO-217", "Vibration Isolator Steadies Optics for Telescopes", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "For some very sensitive optics, even ordinary ground vibrations throw off the results. A vibration isolator, which creates a very stable platform, can help. Minus K Technology makes vibration isolators based on negative stiffness mechanisms, which, among other benefits, can work extremely well in a "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-218", "JPL-SO-218", "IonCCD Enables Fast, Reliable, Inexpensive Mass Spectrometry", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineers and a start-up company worked together to create a small, low-voltage mass spectrometer, which identifies isotopes in a material. A key innovation was replacing traditional camera film in the focal plane detector with a charge-coupled device array, a kind of digit"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-219", "JPL-SO-219", "Rockets, Rovers Spur New Offshore Drilling Safety Technology", "public safety", "JPL", "After Bastion Technologies Inc., a company with a long history at Marshall Space Flight Center and other NASA locations, helped investigate the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the company sought a way to prevent such a disaster. Using the knowledge of propellants, mission assurance, and structural anal"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-22", "JPL-SO-22", "Dead Sea Scrolls", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "A consortium of researchers from Jet Propulsion Laboratory and three other organizations used charged coupled devices (CCDs) and other imaging enhancement technology to decipher previously unreadable portions of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The technique has potentially important implications for archeolog"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-220", "JPL-SO-220", "Field-Scanning Drone Gives Farmers Better Data", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Flight enables access and perspective impossible from the ground. A field-scanning drone—designed by Los Angeles-based AeroVironment using expertise in autonomous flight engineering gained on NASA’s high-altitude, solar-powered, unmanned airplanes—now makes that perspective more accessible for farme"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-221", "JPL-SO-221", "Versatile Fuel Cells Stop Natural Gas Emissions at Oil Wells", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "A Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineer taught two California Institute of Technology students how they might make a fuel cell based on their professor’s invention of a crystal that conducts protons at record speeds. The students and professor started a company offering fuel cells now used at oil drill"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-222", "JPL-SO-222", "Simulation Software Optimizes High-Speed, Efficient Data Networks", "computer technology", "JPL", "In 2010, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) sought a new computer communications protocol for spacecraft. This set of standards defines the physical and functional qualities of communication systems within or between computers. JPL settled on the Serial RapidIO protocol and wanted to use VisualSim—"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-223", "JPL-SO-223", "Metallic Glass Coatings Improve Power Plant, Oil Rig Productivity", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "A tough, durable, versatile coating with the atomic structure of glass helps keep power plants running. NASA has been working on the material, called liquid metal or metallic glass, at least since the 1980s. That work continues today at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Metallurgy Facility. Spring, Te"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-225", "JPL-SO-225", "Pulsed Laser Innovations Power Nobel-Winners’ Research", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Astronauts regularly post tweets from orbit, and images stream across the solar system, but the amount of data coming from space is growing rapidly. We need more bandwidth, and the best solution is laser communications. San Jose, California-based PolarOnyx Inc. specializes in very fast-pulsed lasers"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-226", "JPL-SO-226", "Planets Take Virtual Shape on Earth with NASA Knowledge and Imagery", "computer technology", "JPL", "Access Mars: A Space Act Agreement enabled NASA and Google to collaborate on Access Mars, a virtual reality experience that allows just about anyone with an internet connection to explore the Red Planet. AstroReality: AstroReality uses publicly available NASA data to create models of the moon and pl"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-227", "JPL-SO-227", "Inside NASA’s Pandemic Response Campaigns", "health and medicine", "JPL", "In mid-March, as much of the country shut down in response to the rapidly spreading novel coronavirus, engineering and technology transfer teams found ways to refocus their skills and technologies to address the COVID-19 pandemic. As rates of infection and hospitalization again tick upward in many s"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-228", "JPL-SO-228", "New Industrial Robotic Gripper Copies Geckos’ Toes", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "NASA was interested in the technology for astronaut mobility and grappling satellites in orbit. A former JPL researcher licensed it and received NASA SBIR funding to develop it for industrial grippers, which are now going into factories."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-229", "JPL-SO-229", "The Rewards of Perseverance", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "With SBIR funding from JPL, Honeybee Robotics developed coring drill bits that can break off and retain rock samples. The bits are flying for the first time on Perseverance and are available to geologists on Earth. As Tempo Automation built a circuit board for a Perseverance camera system, the compa"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-23", "JPL-SO-23", "War Damage Assessment", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "During and after the Persian Gulf war, hundreds of \"oil lakes\" were created in Kuwait by oil released from damaged wells. The lakes are a hazard to the Kuwait atmosphere, soil and ground water and must be carefully monitored. Boston University Center for Remote Sensing, assisted by other organizatio"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-230", "JPL-SO-230", "Noninvasive Test Detects Cardiovascular Disease", "health and medicine", "JPL", "At NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-developed Video Imaging Communication and Retrieval (VICAR) software laid the groundwork for analyzing images of all kinds. A project seeking to use imaging technology for health care diagnosis began when the imaging team considered using the VICAR sof"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-231", "JPL-SO-231", "Hand-Held Instrument Fights Acne, Tops Over-the-Counter Market", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Tyrell Inc., a Houston-based medical technologies company, was able to access engineering support in redesigning a heating element for a hand-held acne-fighting device through SATOP, NASA's Space Alliance Technology Outreach Program. SATOP put Tyrell in contact with The Boeing Company, which assesse"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-232", "JPL-SO-232", "Catch the Waves", "computer technology", "JPL", "Through NASA SBIR contracts, Micro Harmonics built a new line of isolators that can operate at higher frequencies, and they are now being sold to testing laboratories for communications equipment."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-233", "JPL-SO-233", "Ultrasonic Welding Makes Parts for NASA Missions, Commercial Industry", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Fabrisonic LLC used NASA SBIR funding for materials development to refine ultrasonic welding practices that provide the agency and commercial industry with lightweight parts that can be made with disparate metals and embedded sensors."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-234", "JPL-SO-234", "Giving Geologists a Break", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "With SBIR funding from JPL, Honeybee Robotics developed coring drill bits that can break off and retain rock samples. The bits are flying for the first time on Perseverance and are available to geologists on Earth."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-235", "JPL-SO-235", "Home Videos from Mars", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "As Tempo Automation built a circuit board for a Perseverance camera system, the company added new inspections and documentation to its production process and developed a novel preproduction tool. All these now benefit Tempo’s customers."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-236", "JPL-SO-236", "Ultraviolet Lasers Scan for Chemical Clues", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA funding, including JPL SBIR contracts for Mars exploration, helped Photon Systems make small, inexpensive spectrometers in the deep-UV range, where they’re so sensitive they can identify bacteria. They’re being used in pharmaceutical quality control, wastewater treatment, and more."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-237", "JPL-SO-237", "In a time of quarantines and online learning, guided strolls along the surface of Mars are especially appealing.", "computer technology", "JPL", "A Space Act Agreement enabled NASA and Google to collaborate on Access Mars, a virtual reality experience that allows just about anyone with an internet connection to explore the Red Planet."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-238", "JPL-SO-238", "Metallic Glass Gears Up for ‘Cobots,’ Coatings, and More", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Founded by JPL’s foremost pioneer of metallic glasses and metal 3D printing, Pasadena, California-based Amorphology Inc. aims to turn multiple NASA patents into cheaper robot gears and much more."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-239", "JPL-SO-239", "NASA Helps Private Lander Shoot for the Moon", "transportation", "JPL", "Astrobotic Technology of Pittsburgh leveraged NASA expertise to develop one of the first commercial lunar landers, planned to deliver agency science and technology payloads in 2022. Private organizations and individuals are also sending payloads as space exploration becomes more accessible to everyo"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-24", "JPL-SO-24", "Eyeglass Filters", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Biomedical Optical Company of America's suntiger lenses eliminate more than 99% of harmful light wavelengths. NASA derived lenses make scenes more vivid in color and also increase the wearer's visual acuity. Distant objects, even on hazy days, appear crisp and clear; mountains seem closer, glare is "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-240", "JPL-SO-240", "Giving Geologists a Break", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "With SBIR funding from JPL, Honeybee Robotics developed coring drill bits that can break off and retain rock samples. The bits are flying for the first time on Perseverance and are available to geologists on Earth."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-241", "JPL-SO-241", "Home Videos from Mars", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "As Tempo Automation built a circuit board for a Perseverance camera system, the company added new inspections and documentation to its production process and developed a novel preproduction tool. All these now benefit Tempo’s customers."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-242", "JPL-SO-242", "Ultraviolet Lasers Scan for Chemical Clues", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA funding, including JPL SBIR contracts for Mars exploration, helped Photon Systems make small, inexpensive spectrometers in the deep-UV range, where they’re so sensitive they can identify bacteria. They’re being used in pharmaceutical quality control, wastewater treatment, and more."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-243", "JPL-SO-243", "Getting Water out of Snow with NASA Technology", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Calculating the amount of water in mountain snowpack is now possible with NASA-developed technology. Airborne Snow Observatories Inc. measures the depth and quality of snow to accurately calculate when and how much water will be available downstream."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-244", "JPL-SO-244", "Expertise Flows from Computer Cognition", "computer technology", "JPL", "Artificial intelligence systems to monitor performance of space systems and suggest solutions to issues led Beyond Limits Inc. of Glendale, California to use software derived from those programs in energy production across the entire process."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-245", "JPL-SO-245", "High-Performance Lasers Make Waves in Self-Driving Cars, Quantum Devices", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "The optoelectronic oscillator and whispering gallery mode optical resonator, created at NASA and licensed to their inventor at OEwaves Inc. of Pasadena, California, have gained widespread popularity and enable high-performance lasers and communication devices for emerging fields."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-246", "JPL-SO-246", "FINDER Finds Its Way into Rescuers’ Toolkits", "public safety", "JPL", "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory worked with the Department of Homeland Security to construct a prototype of a device that can detect people buried under several feet of material. JPL licensed this technology to SpecOps Group of Sarasota Florida, which is now being sold to public safety departments all"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-247", "JPL-SO-247", "Ensuring Vitality", "health and medicine", "JPL", "STARK Industries of Columbus, Ohio licensed VITAL from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and spun off a new company Spiritus Medical, to distribute the ventilator around the world."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-248", "JPL-SO-248", "Forging a New Path", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Bharat Forge Of Pune, India licensed VITAL to save lives in the country’s more rural areas, and distribute to places in need around Asia and Africa."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-249", "JPL-SO-249", "Intensive Care on the Cloud", "health and medicine", "JPL", "CuraSigna in Bangalore, India licensed and integrated NASA’s VITAL ventilator design into a medical technology ecosystem for performing “virtual rounds” at intensive care units."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-25", "JPL-SO-25", "Oil Saving Seal", "transportation", "JPL", "Under a NASA contract, Jet Propulsion Laboratory and TRW Ramsey Corporation developed the oil saving seal. Oil in an automobile must be replaced every few thousand miles, not because it wears out but because it becomes contaminated. RC-34 elastomer ring functions as sealing gasket between metal pist"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-250", "JPL-SO-250", "Saving Lives from Sao Paulo", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Russer Brasil of Inadatuba, Brazil licensed NASA’s VITAL ventilator design and brought it into compliance with the country’s local requirements, selling hundreds of units."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-251", "JPL-SO-251", "Cloning Metal Parts for Space and Earth", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "Physics-based computer modeling software makes it possible to build, examine, and test virtual 3D-printed metal parts that meet the exacting standards of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Both spacecraft and commercial customers benefit from the agency expertise and funding provided by the Small Bus"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-252", "JPL-SO-252", "GPS Guides Radio Occultation Home", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "In the 1980s, a NASA scientist and future founder of GeoOptics proposed repurposing a technique NASA had pioneered for learning about other planets’ atmospheres to sound Earth’s atmosphere. Now the Pasadena, California company offers atmospheric data to improve weather forecasts."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-253", "JPL-SO-253", "Divining the Future of Occultation Arts", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Having used radio occultation to gather information about other planets’ atmospheres, a former NASA scientist founded PlanetIQ in Golden, Colorado, to put the technique to use for Earth, commercializing atmospheric data for weather forecasting and other applications."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-254", "JPL-SO-254", "Little LEMURs Have Big Eyes", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Spire Global of Vienna, Virginia, was founded to inexpensively collect large, valuable datasets with a constellation of CubeSats in orbit. Dozens of the company’s satellites now use a technique NASA invented to sound the atmosphere for weather and climate data."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-255", "JPL-SO-255", "Oil Drillers, Environmentalists Agree on Small, Sensitive Spectrometer", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Technical assistance and STTR funding from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory helped Optoknowledge Systems Inc. (OKSI) develop a compact spectrometer for sensing trace gases and isotopes, even underwater, known as the capillary absorption spectrometer. Now OKSI’s affiliate company, Guiding Photonics of T"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-256", "JPL-SO-256", "New Energy Source Powers Subsea Robots Indefinitely", "transportation", "JPL", "A former NASA engineer licensed technology he had developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to power sensors on the marine floats that calibrated NASA’s Aquarius satellite instrument, which mapped ocean salinity. Seatrec Inc. of Vista, California, now produces modules that generate energy when mate"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-257", "JPL-SO-257", "NASA Engineers Help Create A Virtual World of Data", "computer technology", "JPL", "Using patented technology developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as well as the founders’ experience creating data visualization systems for JPL, Virtualitics Inc. of Pasadena, California, developed software that analysts can use to examine statistics in three dimensions, from a spreadsheet to "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-258", "JPL-SO-258", "From Space to Your Face", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "A bacterium so resilient it survived NASA’s efforts to sanitize Mars-bound spacecraft is now the basis for a skincare ingredient that boosts SPF in sunscreen and provides antiaging properties in face cream. Delavie Sciences LLC of Worcester, Massachusetts, developed the ingredient after licensing th"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-259", "JPL-SO-259", "Unfurling Antennas Let Tiny Satellites Do Big Things", "computer technology", "JPL", "A license, SBIR funding, and a contract to develop a deployable antenna, all from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as well as a former JPL chief engineer, helped Tendeg LLC of Louisville, Colorado, become a dominant supplier of antennas for small spacecraft. Through these partnerships, the company dev"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-26", "JPL-SO-26", "Moving Ahead With Eye Power", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory's collaborated with LC Technologies, Inc., to improve LCT's Eyegaze Communication System, an eye tracker that enables people with severe cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, strokes, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, and ALS (amyotrophic latera"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-260", "JPL-SO-260", "Seeing Is Communicating", "health and medicine", "JPL", "An effort funded by Congress to improve and miniaturize eye-tracking communication technology for people with disabilities brought Eyegaze together with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Fairfax, Virginia-based company now helps people in 44 countries use its Edge hardware to communicate."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-261", "JPL-SO-261", "Folding NASA Experience into an Origamist’s Toolkit", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "While working on optical computing and similar technology in NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Robert Lang learned a mathematical technique that became key to his math-based approach to creating otherwise impossible origami designs. Lang is now a full-time origamist based in Altadena, California."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-262", "JPL-SO-262", "Space-Based Tech for Home Health Monitoring", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Radio-frequency technology developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and licensed by Advanced TeleSensors of Austin, Texas, makes it possible to monitor vital signs remotely. The unobtrusive device continuously measures heart rate and breathing from several feet away."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-263", "JPL-SO-263", "Controlled Propulsion for Gentle Landings", "transportation", "JPL", "The sky cranes landing rovers on Mars used a new pyrovalve to ensure propulsion fuel flowed at the right moment. Now commercial space companies are using the same hardware designed by Eaton Corporation of Orchard Park, New York, under an SBIR contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-264", "JPL-SO-264", "Intelligent Processing at the Edge", "computer technology", "JPL", "With help from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Dublin-based Ubotica Technologies validated computer equipment designed to process data in orbit, now available for commercial satellites."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-265", "JPL-SO-265", "Flipping NASA Tech and Sticking the Landing", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Looking for a reliable method of adhesion for its product that lets a phone stick almost anywhere, Flipstik of St. Louis, Missouri, used published research into robotic grippers conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to improve its gecko-inspired accessory."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-266", "JPL-SO-266", "Cloud Software for Above the Clouds", "transportation", "JPL", "Using software licensed from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and experience gained from working there, Continuum Space Systems of Pasadena, California produces cloud-based mission planning tools for the growing commercial space industry."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-267", "JPL-SO-267", "Aerogel Art Attracts Attention", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Lessons learned during visits to an aerogel lab at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory helped Ioannis Michaloudis of Limassol, Cyprus, build a career as an aerogel artist. The material is difficult to work with but has many unusual and striking qualities."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-268", "JPL-SO-268", "Technique for Manipulating Satellite Photos Now Reveals Ancient Images", "computer technology", "JPL", "Rock art enthusiast Jon Harman of Pacifica, California, created the Dstretch software plug-in to enhance digital imagery, based on the decorrelation stretch technique invented at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Dstretch is now widely used to make ancient, faded markings visible in photographs, among "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-269", "JPL-SO-269", "Probe Deeper with Better Receivers", "computer technology", "JPL", "To build a better radio for deep space exploration missions, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a small, configurable radio that’s just as capable as larger models. Today, Argotec, based in Turin, Italy with offices in Melbourne, Florida, licensed the radio and offers it commercially."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-27", "JPL-SO-27", "E-mail on the Move", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "PocketScience, Inc. was a member of the NASA Ames Technology Commercialization Center. Their PocketMail product is an email service that brings email capabilities to new hand-held devices. The PocketMail service uses technology originally developed at JPL. Through its involvement with the ATCC, Pock"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-28", "JPL-SO-28", "Atmosphere Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "California Measurements, Inc.'s model PC-2 Aerosol Particle Analyzer is produced in both airborne and ground-use versions. Originating from NASA technology, it is a quick and accurate method of detecting minute amounts of mass loadings on a quartz crystal -- offers utility as highly sensitive detect"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-29", "JPL-SO-29", "Crystal Furnace", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "A melt recharging\" technique which eliminates the cooldown and heating periods in a crystal \"growing\" crucible resulted from a Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/Kayex Corporation program. Previously the cost of growing the silicon solar cells had been very high. The Kayex/JPL system improved productiv"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-3", "JPL-SO-3", "Making the Invisible Visible", "computer technology", "JPL", "In public and private archives throughout the world there are many historically important documents that have become illegible with the passage of time. The aim of Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech is to better define requirements for a system to restore illegible information. Investigator's pri"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-30", "JPL-SO-30", "Solar Electricity", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "ARCO Solar manufactures PV Systems tailored to a broad variety of applications. PV arrays are routinely used at remote communications installations to operate large microwave repeaters, TV and radio repeaters rural telephone, and small telemetry systems that monitor environmental conditions. Also us"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-31", "JPL-SO-31", "NASA's Software Bank (ASAP)", "computer technology", "JPL", "The NASA-developed Artificial Satellite Analysis Program (ASAP), was purchased from COSMIC and used to enhance OPNET, a program for developing simulations of communications satellite networks. OPNET's developer, MIL3, applied ASAP to support predictions of low Earth orbit, enabling the company to of"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-32", "JPL-SO-32", "Laser Technology", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Amoco Laser Company, a subsidiary of Amoco Corporation, has developed microlasers for the commercial market based on a JPL concept for optical communications over interplanetary distances. Lasers emit narrow, intense beams of light or other radiation. The beams transmit communication signals, drill,"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-33", "JPL-SO-33", "Taking a Position", "transportation", "JPL", "TerrAvoid\" and \"Position Integrity\" combine Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) data with high-resolution maps of the Earth's topography. Dubbs & Severino Inc. based in Irvine California has developed software that allows the system to be run on a battery-powered laptop in the cockpit. The packages d"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-34", "JPL-SO-34", "Silent Sentry", "public safety", "JPL", "NASA developed personal security system, commercialized by Sentry Products, Inc. enables resident to summon instant help in case of medical emergency or threatened violence. Its principal elements are a pen-shaped signaling device, silent\" because its ultrasonic alert signal is inaudible to the huma"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-35", "JPL-SO-35", "Sense of Touch", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Logitech Inc., has advanced a digital game controller originally developed for a NASA space mission. CyberMan 2 offers players the experience of being inside\" the game. The product is commercially available for $99 to anyone with a personal computer.\""], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-36", "JPL-SO-36", "Night Vision Camera", "transportation", "JPL", "PixelVision, Inc. developed the Night Video NV652 Back-illuminated CCD Camera, based on the expertise of a former Jet Propulsion Laboratory employee and a former employee of Scientific Imaging Technologies, Inc. The camera operates without an image intensifier, using back-illuminated and thinned CCD"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-38", "JPL-SO-38", "Battling Brittle Bones", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The accuDEXAR Bone Mineral Density Assessment System, manufactured by Schick Technologies, Inc., utilizes camera on a chip\" sensor technology invented and developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Schick's accuDEXA system offers several advantages over traditional osteoporosis tests which asses"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-39", "JPL-SO-39", "A Tool for Medical Research", "health and medicine", "JPL", "California Measurements, Inc.'s PC-2 Aerosol Particle Analyzer, developed by William Chiang, a former Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) engineer, was used in a study to measure the size of particles in the medical environment. Chiang has a NASA license for the JPL crystal oscillator technology and ori"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-4", "JPL-SO-4", "Camera-on-a-Chip", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's research on a second generation, solid-state image sensor technology has resulted in the Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Active Pixel Sensor (CMOS), establishing an alternative to the Charged Coupled Device (CCD). Photobit Corporation, the leading supplier of "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-40", "JPL-SO-40", "Seal the Deal", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "AvanTeco Corporation has developed a moisture/contaminant sensor chip. This newly developed chip rapidly responds to the presence of moisture, especially in condensed form and in presence of ionic impurities. It determines whether moisture has permeated a hermetically sealed package or a plastic enc"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-41", "JPL-SO-41", "Solar Equipment", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "A medical refrigeration and a water pump both powered by solar cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity are among the line of solar powered equipment manufactured by IUS for use in areas where conventional power is not available. IUS benefited from NASA technology incorporated in the so"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-42", "JPL-SO-42", "Terrain Simulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "A highlight of the IMAX film, Blue Planet, is a 100-second computer-generated animation of a flight and earthquake simulation along California's San Andreas Fault. Created by the VESA group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the sequence required the development of a technique to make possible terrai"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-43", "JPL-SO-43", "High Temperature Semiconductor Process", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "A sputtering deposition system capable of depositing large areas of high temperature superconducting materials was developed by CVC Products, Inc. with the support of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SBIR program. The system was developed for NASA to produce high quality films of high temperature super"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-44", "JPL-SO-44", "Back in Time", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Under a Jet Propulsion Laboratory SBIR, Cambridge Research and Instrumentation Inc., developed a new class of filters for the construction of small, low-cost multispectral imagers. The VariSpec liquid crystal enables users to obtain multi-spectral, ultra-high resolution images using a monochrome CCD"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-45", "JPL-SO-45", "Pixel Paradise", "computer technology", "JPL", "PixelVision, Inc., has developed a series of integrated imaging engines capable of high-resolution image capture at dynamic speeds. This technology was used originally at Jet Propulsion Laboratory in a series of imaging engines for a NASA mission to Pluto. By producing this integrated package, Charg"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-46", "JPL-SO-46", "Sewage Treatment", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "A million gallon-a-day sewage treatment plant in Huntington Beach, CA converts solid sewage to activated carbon which then treats incoming waste water. The plant is scaled up 100 times from a mobile unit NASA installed a year ago; another 100-fold scale-up will be required if technique is employed f"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-47", "JPL-SO-47", "The Use of Urban Land", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Techniques for analyzing scientific information from the lunar and planetary missions now are being applied to land-resource management in and around cities. Two systems have been formalized by Jet Propulsion Laboratory and are being applied in the Los Angeles area. First called Land Use Management "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-49", "JPL-SO-49", "Projecting Health Needs", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has developed a computer model for planning future health care needs in the Los Angeles area. The model integrates demographic health and other data to provide rational projections of hospital bed and physician specialty requirements."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-5", "JPL-SO-5", "Teeing Off With an Entirely New Material", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "LiquidmetalR alloy is part of an entirely new class of vitrified metals, and is also known as metallic glass, or Vitreloy.R A vitrified metal is a frozen liquid that fails to crystallize during solidification, unlike common metals such as titanium, steel, and aluminum. The technology takes the non-c"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-50", "JPL-SO-50", "Storing Blood Cells", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The National Cancer Institute worked with Goddard Space Flight Center to propose a solution to the blood-cell freezing problem. White blood cells and bone marrow are stored for future use by leukemia patients as a result of Goddard and Jet Propulsion Laboratory expertise in electronics and cryogenic"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-51", "JPL-SO-51", "Radiation Hazard Detector", "public safety", "JPL", "NASA technology has made commercially available a new, inexpensive, conveniently carried device for protection of people exposed to potentially dangerous levels of microwave radiation. Cicoil calls the unit Micro-Gard Model 100. Weighing only four ounces and about the size of a cigarette pack, it ca"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-52", "JPL-SO-52", "Image Compression Devices", "computer technology", "JPL", "The Rice algorithm is a lossless\" compression algorithm; it takes an image or other data that has been broken down into short strings of digital data then processes each string mathematically to reduce the amount of memory required to store or transmit them. It is particularly useful in medical scie"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-53", "JPL-SO-53", "Hand-Held Keyboard", "computer technology", "JPL", "The Data Egg, a prototype chord key-based data entry device, can be used autonomously or as an auxiliary keyboard with a personal computer. Data is entered by pressing combinations of seven buttons positioned where the fingers naturally fall when clasping the device. An experienced user can enter te"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-54", "JPL-SO-54", "Voice Controlled Wheelchair", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Voice controlled wheelchair and its manipulator can pick up packages, open doors, turn a TV knob, and perform a variety of other functions. Chair responds to 35 one-word voice commands such as go, stop, down, right, etc. System is a voice command analyzer which utilizes a mini-computer. Commands are"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-56", "JPL-SO-56", "Land Use Planning", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "NASA project which has nationwide potential for improving efficiency in planning process is pilot program focused on Tacoma, Washington and surrounding Pierce County. Key element is Land Use Management Information System (LUMIS). LUMIS computer stores and monitors land use and zoning maps, census, h"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-57", "JPL-SO-57", "Duke Data Bank", "health and medicine", "JPL", "NASA computerized image processing techniques are integral part of cardiovascular data bank at Duke Medical Center. The data bank documents the center's clinical experience with more than 4,000 heart patients as an aid to diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Data is stored in a computerized sys"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-58", "JPL-SO-58", "Medical Image Analysis Facility", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a computerized image enhancement process that brings out detail not visible in basic photos. This technology is now applied to biomedical research in JPL's Medical Image Analysis Facility which employs computer enhancement techniques to analyze x-ray films of inte"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-59", "JPL-SO-59", "Document Monitor", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "The charters of Freedom Monitoring System will periodically assess the physical condition of the U.S. Constitution, Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights. Although protected in helium filled glass cases, the documents are subject to damage from light vibration and humidity. The photometer i"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-6", "JPL-SO-6", "Electronic Nose", "public safety", "JPL", "Cyrano Sciences, Inc. has commercialized a simple, accurate, non-invasive tool that enables machines to smell.\" The Cyranose 320 is used for quality control purposes in the food and chemical industries. Using a sensor array and onboard pattern recognition algorithms the lightweight portable device w"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-60", "JPL-SO-60", "Fiber Optic Attenuators", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Mike Buzzetti designed a fiber optic attenuator while working at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, intended for use in NASA's Deep Space Network. Buzzetti subsequently patented and received an exclusive license to commercialize the device, and founded Nanometer Technologies to produce it. The attenuator fu"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-61", "JPL-SO-61", "Forest Damage Assessment", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Thematic Mapper (TM) is an advanced scanning instrument aboard Landsat 4 & 5 originally developed by NASA, now operated as a commercial remote sensing system. The TM detects radiation reflected and emitted from earth objects such as trees in seven bands of the spectrum. Since each object has its own"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-62", "JPL-SO-62", "Environment Monitor", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Viking landers touched down on Mars equipped with a variety of systems to conduct automated research, each carrying a compact but highly sophisticated instrument for analyzing Martian soil and atmosphere. Instrument called a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) had to be small, lightweight, "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-63", "JPL-SO-63", "Fishing Forecasts", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "ROFFS stands for Roffer's Ocean Fishing Forecasting Service, Inc. Roffer combines satellite and computer technology with oceanographic information from several sources to produce frequently updated charts sometimes as often as 30 times a day showing clues to the location of marlin, sailfish, tuna, s"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-64", "JPL-SO-64", "Ground Use Sensor", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Ground use sensory systems are used for measuring and analyzing radiation reflected from Earth targets to discriminate among classes of visually-similar objects. The Hand Held Ratioing Radiometer is an example of a ground use device. This device is being manufactured and sold by Barringer Research L"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-65", "JPL-SO-65", "Research Facilities", "public safety", "JPL", "Donald E. Bohringer, Argonne engineering specialist employed NASA information in two projects associated with the laboratory's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) facility. The NASA technology Bohringer employed involved improved vibration protection for a gamma ray detector in one project, and in "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-66", "JPL-SO-66", "Oil Exploration Mapping", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "After concluding an oil exploration agreement with the Republic of Yemen, Chevron International needed detailed geologic and topographic maps of the area. Chevron's remote sensing team used imagery from Landsat and SPOT, combining images into composite views. The project was successfully concluded a"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-67", "JPL-SO-67", "Laser Angioplasty", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The principal method of dealing with coronary artery blockage is bypass surgery. A non-surgical alternative available to some patients is balloon angioplasty. For several years, medical researchers have been exploring another alternative that would help a wider circle of patients than the balloon tr"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-68", "JPL-SO-68", "Cardiac Imaging System", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Although not available to all patients with narrowed arteries, balloon angioplasty has expanded dramatically since its introduction with an estimated further growth to 562,000 procedures in the U.S. alone by 1992. Growth has fueled demand for higher quality imaging systems that allow the cardiologis"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-69", "JPL-SO-69", "Rocket Science for the Internet", "computer technology", "JPL", "Rainfinity, a company resulting from the commercialization of RAIN, produces the product, Rainwall. Rainwall runs a cluster of computer workstations, creating a distributed Internet gateway. when Rainwall detects a failure in software or hardware, traffic is shifted to a healthy gateway without inte"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-70", "JPL-SO-70", "Proceeding With Caution", "public safety", "JPL", "E-ViEWS was developed with assistance from the Technology Affiliates Program at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The system incorporates JPL expertise in the areas of systems engineering, transportation systems, antennas, controls, optical displays, and mechanical systems. It consists of thre"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-71", "JPL-SO-71", "Robotic Surgery", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning, or AESOP, was developed by Computer Motion, Inc. under a SBIR contract from the Jet Propulsion Lab. AESOP is robotic endoscopic positioning system used to control the motion of a camera during endoscopic surgery. The camera, which is mounted a"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-72", "JPL-SO-72", "Forest Fire Mapping", "public safety", "JPL", "The Fire Logistics Airborne Mapping Equipment (FLAME) system, mounted in a twin-engine and airplane operated by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is an airborne instrument for detecting and pinpointing forest fires that might escape ground detection. The FL"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-73", "JPL-SO-73", "Body Imaging", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computer-aided Tomography (CT) images are often complementary. In most cases, MRI is good for viewing soft tissue but not bone, while CT images are good for bone but not always good for soft tissue discrimination. Physicians and engineers in the Department of Rad"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-74", "JPL-SO-74", "Microspheres", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Vital information on a person's physical condition can be obtained by identifying and counting the population of T-cells and B-cells, lymphocytes of the same shape and size that help the immune system protect the body from the invasion of disease. The late Dr. Alan Rembaum developed a method for ide"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-75", "JPL-SO-75", "Solar Cells", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "The Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) produces high efficiency crystal ingots in an automated well-insulated furnace offering low equipment, labor and energy costs. The grown\" silicon crystals are used to make solar cells or photovoltaic cells which convert sunlight directly into electricity. The HEM meth"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-76", "JPL-SO-76", "Space Spurred Computer Graphics", "computer technology", "JPL", "Dicomed Corporation was asked by NASA in the early 1970's to develop processing capabilities for recording images sent from Mars by Viking spacecraft. The company produced a film recorder which increased the intensity levels and the capability for color recording. This development led to a strong te"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-77", "JPL-SO-77", "Research Instruments", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The GENETI-SCANNER, newest product of Perceptive Scientific Instruments, Inc. (PSI), rapidly scans slides, locates, digitizes, measures and classifies specific objects and events in research and diagnostic applications. Founded by former NASA employees, PSI's primary product line is based on NASA im"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-78", "JPL-SO-78", "Artwork Separation", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "Under a grant from California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and LACMA (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) used image enhancement techniques to separate x-ray images of paintings when one had been painted on top of another. The technique is derived from computer processing o"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-79", "JPL-SO-79", "Partners in Technology", "", "JPL", "Deere and Company scientists are working with various NASA centers in a multifaceted technical exchange program investigating areas of aerospace technology that can be applied to company's products. This is a non-traditional type spinoff in that it does not simply reapply existing technology but dev"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-8", "JPL-SO-8", "A Little Sensor That Packs a Wallop", "industrial productivity", "JPL", "A gas sensor originally built for NASA to measure the composition of the atmosphere of Earth and Mars has been commercialized by SpectraSensors. The commercial tunable diode laser (TDL) gas sensor can be used for oil and gas pipeline monitoring, aircraft safety, environmental monitoring and medicine"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-80", "JPL-SO-80", "Thermionic Energy", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Thermionic energy conversion is the production of energy from a nuclear source. It is a technology advanced by SNSO, a joint research and development organization formed by NASA and the AEC. SNSO contracted with Thermo Electron Corporation to develop high temperature applications, i.e., metals with "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-81", "JPL-SO-81", "Train Analysis", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Running resistance, the combined resistance induced by aerodynamic drag and mechanical friction, absorbs about 16 percent of railroad budget and maintenance costs. In order to study these losses, AT&SF Railroad entered into a joint research project with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Various train c"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-82", "JPL-SO-82", "Cell Growth Enhancement", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Exogene Corporation uses advanced technologies to enhance production of bio-processed substances like proteins, antibiotics and amino acids. Among them are genetic modification and a genetic switch. They originated in research for Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Extensive experiments in cell growth throu"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-83", "JPL-SO-83", "Voltage-Controlled Oscillator", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Integrated Component Systems, Inc. incorporated information from a NASA Tech Briefs article into a voltage-controlled oscillator it designed for a customer. The company then applied the technology to its series of phase-locked loop synthesizers, which offer superior phase noise performance."], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-84", "JPL-SO-84", "Approaching Suspicious Substances Safely", "public safety", "JPL", "A mineral identification tool developed for NASA's Mars Rover Technology Development Program is now serving as a powerful tool for U.S. law enforcement agencies and military personnel to identify suspicious liquid and solid substances. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory awarded a Small Business Innovatio"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-85", "JPL-SO-85", "Slow Scan Telemedicine", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Originally developed under contract for NASA by Ball Bros. Research Corporation for acquiring visual information from lunar and planetary spacecraft, system uses standard closed circuit camera connected to a device called a scan converter, which slows the stream of images to match an audio circuit, "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-86", "JPL-SO-86", "Solar Generator", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "The Vanguard I dish-Stirling module program, initiated in 1982, produced the Vanguard I module, a commercial prototype erected by the Advanco Corporation. The module, which automatically tracks the sun, combines JPL mirrored concentrator technology, an advanced Stirling Solar II engine/generator, a "], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-87", "JPL-SO-87", "Satellite Antenna Systems", "transportation", "JPL", "Through the Technology Affiliates Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the ACTS antenna system was transferred from experimental testing status to commercial development with KVH Industries, Inc. The ACTS design enables mobile satellite antennas to remain pointed at the satellite, regardless of"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-88", "JPL-SO-88", "Aid for the Medical Laboratory", "health and medicine", "JPL", "A process for separating chemical compounds in fluids resulted from a Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/LAPD project. The technique involves pouring a blood or urine sample into an extraction tube where packing material contained in a disposable tube called an extraction column\" absorbs water and spre"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-89", "JPL-SO-89", "Digital Imaging", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Digital Imaging is the computer processed numerical representation of physical images. Enhancement of images results in easier interpretation. Quantitative digital image analysis by Perceptive Scientific Instruments, locates objects within an image and measures them to extract quantitative informati"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-9", "JPL-SO-9", "Robotic Stripping", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "UltraStrip Systems, Inc.'s M-200 removes paint from the hulls of ships faster than traditional grit-blasting methods. And, it does so without producing toxic airborne particles common to traditional methods. The M-2000 magnetically attaches itself to the hull of the ship. Its water jets generate 40,"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-90", "JPL-SO-90", "Breast Cancer Detection", "health and medicine", "JPL", "The BioScan System was developed by OmniCorder Technologies, Inc. at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The system is able to locate cancerous lesions by detecting the cancer's ability to recruit a new blood supply. A digital sensor detects infrared energy emitted from the body and identifies the minute"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-91", "JPL-SO-91", "Gem Analysis", "consumer/home/recreation", "JPL", "World Gem Laboratory, Inc.'s cathodoluminoscope is an instrument that magnifies a specimen and produces heat-generated light emissions that bring out features important in gemological analysis. It can indicate whether a stone can be successfully cut, useful in the study of growth and strain patterns"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-92", "JPL-SO-92", "Image Processing System", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR) is using a digital image processing system which employs NASA-developed technology. MIR's computer system is the largest radiology system in the world. It is used in diagnostic imaging. Blood vessels are injected with x-ray dye, and the images which are prod"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-93", "JPL-SO-93", "Composite Cores", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Spang & Company's new configuration of converter transformer cores is a composite of gapped and ungapped cores assembled together in concentric relationship. The net effect of the composite design is to combine the protection from saturation offered by the gapped core with the lower magnetizing requ"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-94", "JPL-SO-94", "Infrared Measurement", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "A Jet Propulsion Laboratory Technical Support Package (TSP) describing a technique for processing data from an infrared radiometer assisted a manufacturer of laminates for printed circuit boards. To reduce emissions and lower the cost of producing prepreg (a continuous glass cloth, or web, impregnat"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-95", "JPL-SO-95", "Compound Separation", "health and medicine", "JPL", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a new one-step liquid-liquid extraction technique which cuts processing time, reduces costs and eliminates much of the equipment required. Technique employs disposable extraction columns, originally developed as an aid to the Los Angeles Police Department, which a"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-96", "JPL-SO-96", "Radiation Sensor", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "Claypack is a cost-effective portable system developed by Barringer Research Ltd. for rapid on-site analysis of clay minerals. It is an adaptation of a hand-held rationing radiometer. By measuring the intensity of reflected radiation, the device discriminates among different minerals present in a sa"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-97", "JPL-SO-97", "Quality Assurance", "environment and resource management", "JPL", "General Electric Company requested a report from Jet Propulsion Laboratory which provides detailed information on failure modes, stress analysis and other reliability considerations was requested. General Electric Company's Nuclear Energy Division incorporated its information with that of the report"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-98", "JPL-SO-98", "Robot Hand", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Robots are limited only by the dexterity of the hand. Dr. Salisbury, in conjunction with Stanford, Caltech and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, developed the Salisbury Hand which has three, three-jointed human-like fingers. The tips are covered with a resilient, high friction material for gripping. The ro"], ["spinoff", "JPL-SO-99", "JPL-SO-99", "Training Circuit Boards", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JPL", "Young Electronics Company's new product is a testboard developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a tool for training and qualifying personnel in board assembly and in the art of soldering components without damaging boards or components. The boards are used for pre-employment testing and employe"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-1", "JSC-SO-1", "Motorcycle Parts", "transportation", "JSC", "An article in NASA Tech Briefs describing a vacuum bagging process for forming composite parts helped a small Oklahoma Company to improve its manufacturing process. President of Performance Extremes, Larry Ortega, and his partners make motorcycle parts from carbon/epoxy to reduce weight. Using vacuu"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-10", "JSC-SO-10", "Error Free Software", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "JSC", "A mathematical theory for development of \"higher order\" software to catch computer mistakes resulted from a Johnson Space Center contract for Apollo spacecraft navigation. Two women who were involved in the project formed Higher Order Software, Inc. to develop and market the system of error analysis"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-100", "JSC-SO-100", "Conversing With Computers", "computer technology", "JSC", "Conversational interface technology allows people to control computers and electronic devices by speaking everyday natural language. Unlike voice recognition systems that substitute sounds for isolated commands, the technology enables extended conversations with a shared, changing context. Johnson S"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-101", "JSC-SO-101", "Protective Clothing", "public safety", "JSC", "Beta Glass material, originating from the Apollo program is supplied to Fyrepel by Owens-Corning and incorporated into Fyrepel's Fyretex and Beta-Mex aluminized fabrics. Fabrics are used in fire entry suits, several other types of protective suits for wear in hot industrial environments and such acc"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-102", "JSC-SO-102", "Workplace Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "The Anthropometric Source Book was developed based on Johnson Space Center project of anthropometry, the study of the size, shape and motion characteristics of the human body. Designed primarily for use by NASA, the military services and aerospace contractors, the book was also intended to help non-"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-103", "JSC-SO-103", "Space Technology for the Fire Department", "", "JSC", "A National Bureau of Standards/NASA project directed by Johnson resulted in a lightweight breathing system including face mask, frame, harness and air bottle marketed by Scott Aviation. Aluminum composite material was used; frame and harness were easier to put on and take off. Today every major manu"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-104", "JSC-SO-104", "Triaxial Fabrics", "public safety", "JSC", "Gentax Corporation's triaxal fabrics are woven from three separate yarn sets whose intersections form equilateral triangles. This type of weave, derived from space shuttle pressure suits, assures practically equal strength in every direction; has essentially no bias, or weak dimension offering great"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-105", "JSC-SO-105", "Spinoff from a Moon Tool", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Portable self-contained drill capable of extracting core samples as much as 10 feet below the surface was needed for the astronauts. Black & Decker used a specially developed computer program to optimize the design of the drill's motor and insure minimal power consumption. Refinement of the original"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-106", "JSC-SO-106", "Breaking the Language Barrier", "computer technology", "JSC", "Preparation for the Apollo Soyuz mission entailed large-scale informational exchange that was accomplished by a computerized translation system. Based on this technology of commercial machine translation, a system known as SYSTRAN II was developed by LATSEC, Inc. and the World Translation Company of"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-107", "JSC-SO-107", "Blood Pressure Control", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Engineering Development Laboratory developed a system for the cardiovascular study of weightless astronauts. This was designed to aid people with congestive heart failure and diabetes. While in space, astronauts' blood pressure rises, heart rate becomes unstable, and there are sometimes postflight l"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-108", "JSC-SO-108", "Scalp Cooler", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Composite Consulation Concepts, Inc.'s Chemo-cooler, a scalp cooling system based on NASA space suit technology, prevents hair loss in patients undergoing chemotherapy. A head covering is placed over plastic tubing through which cold water is circulated from a cylinder. A controller monitors time an"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-109", "JSC-SO-109", "Wood Products Analysis", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "Structural Reliability Consultants' computer program creates graphic plots showing the statistical parameters of glue laminated timbers, or glulam.\" The company president Dr. Joseph Murphy read in NASA Tech Briefs about work related to analysis of Space Shuttle surface tile strength performed for Jo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-11", "JSC-SO-11", "Pool Purification", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Caribbean Clear, Inc. used NASA's silver ion technology as a basis for its automatic pool purifier. System offers alternative approach to conventional purification chemicals. Caribbean Clear's principal markets are swimming pool owners who want to eliminate chlorine and bromine. Purifiers in Caribbe"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-110", "JSC-SO-110", "Medical Research System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Based on Johnson Space Flight Center's development of a rotating bioreactor cell culture apparatus for Space Shuttle medical research, Johnson Space Flight Center engineers who worked on the original project formed a company called Synthecon, with the intention of commercializing the bioreactor tech"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-111", "JSC-SO-111", "Heart Imaging System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Johnson Space Flight Center's device to test astronauts' heart function in microgravity has led to the MultiWire Gamma Camera, which images heart conditions six times faster than conventional devices. Dr. Jeffrey Lacy, who developed the technology as a NASA researcher, later formed Proportional Tech"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-112", "JSC-SO-112", "Communications Network", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "The Multi-Compatible Network Interface Unit (MCNIU) is intended to connect the space station's communications and tracking, guidance and navigation, life support, electric power, payload data, hand controls, display consoles and other systems, and also communicate with diverse processors. Honeywell "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-113", "JSC-SO-113", "Controllable Mirror Devices", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "A deformable Mirror Device (DMD) is a type of spatial light modulator in which mirrors fabricated monolithically on a silicon chip are deformed, or tilted, under electronic control to change the direction of light that falls upon the mirror. NASA and Texas Instruments (TI) have worked to develop thi"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-114", "JSC-SO-114", "Automated Urinalysis", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Information from NASA Tech Briefs assisted DiaSys Corporation in the development of the R/S 2000 which automates urinalysis, eliminating most manual procedures. An automatic aspirator is inserted into a standard specimen tube, the Sample\" button is pressed and within three seconds a consistent amoun"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-115", "JSC-SO-115", "Space Food", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In planning for the long duration Apollo missions, NASA conducted extensive research into space food. One of the techniques developed was freeze drying. Action Products commercialized this technique, concentrating on snack food including the first freeze-dried ice cream. The foods are cooked, quickl"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-116", "JSC-SO-116", "Fabric Manufacturing", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "When rapid oscillation of blanket wearing looms at Chatham Manufacturing Company caused significant metal fatigue, the company turned to NC/STRC for a NASA data bank computer search. The search pinpointed tensile stress, and suggested a built-in residual compressive stress as a solution. Shot peenin"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-117", "JSC-SO-117", "Self Adjusting Sunglasses", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Corning Glass Works' Serengeti Driver sunglasses are unique in that their lenses self-adjust and filter light while suppressing glare. They eliminate more than 99% of the ultraviolet rays in sunlight. The frames are based on the NASA Anthropometric Source Book."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-118", "JSC-SO-118", "Solar Energy Systems", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "A waste water treatment plant in Wilton, Maine, where sludge is converted to methane gas, and Monsanto Company's Environmental Health Laboratory in St. Louis Missouri, where more than 200 solar collectors provide preheating of boiler feed water for laboratory use are representative of Grumman's Suns"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-119", "JSC-SO-119", "Police Communications", "public safety", "JSC", "Oklahoma City Police Department developed a computerized communications system, based on Johnson Space Center's (JSC's) 1960-mission control knowledge. JSC furnished information on lighting and other fatigue reducing measures, and provided specifications for equipment and design layouts. JSC also ad"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-12", "JSC-SO-12", "Emergency Communications", "health and medicine", "JSC", "NASA has applied its communications equipment expertise to development of communication console that provides, in a compact package only slightly larger than electric typewriter, all the emergency medical services communication functions needed for a regional hospital. Resulting console has both rad"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-120", "JSC-SO-120", "Water Filtration Products", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "American Water Corporation manufactures water filtration products which incorporate technology originally developed for manned space operations. The formula involves granular activated charcoal and other ingredients, and removes substances by catalytic reactions, mechanical filtration, and absorptio"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-121", "JSC-SO-121", "Water Treatment Systems Make a Big Splash", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "In the 1960s, NASA's Manned Space Center (now known as Johnson Space Center) and the Garrett Corporation, Air Research Division, conducted a research program to develop a small, lightweight water purifier for the Apollo spacecraft that would require minimal power and would not need to be monitored a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-122", "JSC-SO-122", "Flame Resistant Foam", "transportation", "JSC", "Solimide manufactured by Imi-Tech Corporation, is a lightweight fire resistant material produced under a manufacturing process that allows it to be uniformly foamed. Can be produced in a variety of densities and structural configurations and remains resilient under exposure to temperatures ranging f"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-123", "JSC-SO-123", "Relaxation System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Environ Corporation's relaxation system is built around a body lounge, a kind of super easy chair that incorporates sensory devices. Computer controlled enclosure provides filtered ionized air to create a feeling of invigoration, enhanced by mood changing aromas. Occupant is also surrounded by multi"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-124", "JSC-SO-124", "Clean Room Apparel", "health and medicine", "JSC", "American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC), Baxter Healthcare Corporation's predecessor, used the NASA informational base on contamination control technology to improve industrial contamination control technology. When a study determined that microscopic body particles escaping through tiny windows"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-125", "JSC-SO-125", "Image Processor", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Texas Instruments' Programmable Remapper is a research tool used to determine how to best utilize the part of a patient's visual field still usable by mapping onto his field of vision with manipulated imagery. It is an offshoot of a NASA program for speeding up, improving the accuracy of pattern rec"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-126", "JSC-SO-126", "Portable Medical System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Portable Medical Status and Treatment System (PMSTS) is designed for use in remote areas where considerable time may elapse before a patient can be transported to a hospital. First units were delivered to the Department of Transportation last year and tested in two types of medical emergency environ"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-127", "JSC-SO-127", "Shuttle Technology for Earth Laboratories", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "Pyran System represents a major advancement in control of pyrolysis, the technology of subjecting organic material to selected temperatures to break them down into their component parts, and that the system offers capabilities unavailable. Pyran System is designed for rapid automated analysis of the"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-128", "JSC-SO-128", "Expert System Software", "computer technology", "JSC", "C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) is a software shell for developing expert systems is designed to allow research and development of artificial intelligence on conventional computers. Originally developed by Johnson Space Center, it enables highly efficient pattern matching. A collecti"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-129", "JSC-SO-129", "Composite Nacelles", "computer technology", "JSC", "Rohr Industries, Inc. is currently researching composite jet nacelle engines. As composites can only tolerate heat up to 350 degrees, heat flow is a major concern. The company employs TRASYS to predict how much heat will be generated and how fast it will be dissipated under different conditions. Dev"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-13", "JSC-SO-13", "Automated Blood Pressure Measurement", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Vital-2 unit is semi-automatic device that permits highly accurate blood pressure measurement, even by untrained personnel. Vital-2 weighs only 6 lbs and can be carried anywhere. It operates either on its own rechargeable battery or by plugging it into a standard outlet. System requires positioning "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-130", "JSC-SO-130", "A New Look for the Shopping Mall", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "STRUCTO-FAB, a product of Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, is a lightweight but extremely durable tent-like material made of Fiberglas coated with Teflon. It transmits daylight with a reduced need for artificial lighting. It is an outgrowth of a material formulated by NASA in 1967 as a new space"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-131", "JSC-SO-131", "Other Fabric Structures", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "There are two kinds of fabric structures - tension, supported by cables and pylons, and those supported by air pressure within an enclosed fabric envelope. They are becoming increasingly popular with architects, engineers, etc., because of their aesthetic appeal, low cost and maintenance, energy eff"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-132", "JSC-SO-132", "Anti-Fog Compound", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Tracer Chemical Corporation's TRX Anti-Fog Composition is an inexpensive product which prevents condensation on plastic and glass surfaces. It was the result from a Tech Briefs article detailing a Johnson Space Center compound."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-133", "JSC-SO-133", "Error-Free Software", "computer technology", "JSC", "001 is an integrated tool suited for automatically developing ultra reliable models, simulations and software systems. Developed and marketed by Hamilton Technologies, Inc. (HTI), it has been applied in engineering, manufacturing, banking and software tools development. The software provides the abi"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-134", "JSC-SO-134", "Giving Machines the Vision", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Amherst Systems manufactures foveal machine vision technology and systems commercially available to end-users and system integrators. This technology was initially developed under NASA contracts NAS9-19335 (Johnson Space Center) and NAS1-20841 (Langley Research Center). This technology is currently "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-135", "JSC-SO-135", "Ski Boots", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In cooperation with Raichle Molitor USA Inc. and the international Raichle organization, Comfort Products developed the Raichle Flexon concept in ski boots. The Flexon concept is an adaptation of the accordion-like corrugations of extravehicular space suit joints, which allows ski boots to flex with"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-136", "JSC-SO-136", "Traffic Monitor", "public safety", "JSC", "Intelligent Vision Systems, Inc. (InVision) needed image acquisition technology that was reliable in bad weather for its TDS-200 Traffic Detection System. InVision researchers used information from NASA Tech Briefs and assistance from Johnson Space Center to finish the system. The NASA technology us"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-138", "JSC-SO-138", "Blood Collection", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The method that is used for the collection, storage and real-time analysis of blood and other bodily fluids has been licensed to DBCD, Inc. by NASA. The result of this patent licensing agreement has been the development of a commercial product that can provide serum or plasma from whole blood volume"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-139", "JSC-SO-139", "Monte Carlo Methodology Serves Up a Software Success", "computer technology", "JSC", "NASA's Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Analysis Code (DAC) software package is now considered the Agency's premier high fidelity simulation tool for predicting vehicle aerodynamics and aerothermodynamic environments in rarefied, or low-density, gas flows. Additionally, DAC was recognized as the co-win"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-14", "JSC-SO-14", "Pollution Detection Devices", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Barringer Research, Inc.'s COSPEC IVB (correlation spectrometer) can sense from a considerable distance emissions from a volcanic eruption. Remote sensor is capable of measuring sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. An associated product, GASPEC, a compression of Non-dispersive Gas "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-140", "JSC-SO-140", "Lending a Helping Hand", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center awarded Barrett TechnologyR Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to develop two robotic manipulator product lines: the Whole-Arm Manipulation System (WAMT) and its BH8-Series hands. Barrett designed the EVA-Retriever WAM arm for NASA's use as an autonomous robot t"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-141", "JSC-SO-141", "Forecasting Weather With a Wave of the Hand", "public safety", "JSC", "Through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract with NASA's Johnson Space Center, Cybernet Systems Corporation integrated its gesture recognition and tracking system, which observes human hand motions and interprets gestures in order to control devices, with NASA's Virtual Astronaut sof"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-143", "JSC-SO-143", "Technology for Water Treatment", "public safety", "JSC", "There are approximately 500,000 water cooling towers in the United States, all of which must be kept clear of scale\" and corrosion and free of pollutants and bacteria. Electron Pure Ltd. manufactures a hydro cooling tower conditioner as well as an automatic pool sanitizer. The pool sanitizer consist"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-144", "JSC-SO-144", "Robot Handcontroller", "public safety", "JSC", "The PER-Force robotic handcontroller provides a sense of touch or feel to an operator manipulating robots. The force simulation and wide range of motion greatly enhances the efficiency of robotic and computer operations. The handcontroller was developed for the Space Station by Cybernet Systems Corp"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-145", "JSC-SO-145", "NASA's Software Bank (SINDA 1985/FLUINT)", "computer technology", "JSC", "Astronautics Corporation uses SINDA '85/FLUINT to model designs for efficient magnetic refrigeration devices. The proposed designs are compared for relative efficiency, and the best concept is selected. SINDA is later used to develop a more complex model for predicting temperature distribution in th"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-147", "JSC-SO-147", "Stress Prediction System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "NASA wanted to know how astronauts' bodies would react under various gravitational pulls and space suit weights. Under contract to NASA, the University of Michigan's Center for Ergonomics developed a model capable of predicting what type of stress and what degree of load a body could stand. The algo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-148", "JSC-SO-148", "NASA's Software Bank (NETS)", "computer technology", "JSC", "NETS (A Neural Network Development Tool) is a software system for mimicking the human brain. It is used in a University of Arkansas project in pattern matching of chemical systems. If successful, chemists would be able to identify mixtures of compounds without long and costly separation procedures. "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-149", "JSC-SO-149", "NASA's Software Bank (CLIPS)", "computer technology", "JSC", "C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) was used by Esse Systems to develop an expert system for clients who want to automate portions of their operations. The resulting program acts as a scheduling expert and automates routine, repetitive scheduling decisions, allowing employees to spend ti"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-15", "JSC-SO-15", "Cool Sportswear", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "New athletic wear design based on the circulating liquid cooling system used in the astronaut's space suits, allows athletes to perform more strenuous activity without becoming overheated. Techni-Clothes gear incorporates packets containing a heat-absorbing gel that slips into an insulated pocket of"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-150", "JSC-SO-150", "Problem-Solving Software", "computer technology", "JSC", "CBR Express software solves problems by adapting sorted solutions to new problems specified by a user. It is applicable to a wide range of situations. The technology was originally developed by Inference Corporation for Johnson Space Center's Advanced Software Development Workstation. The project fo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-151", "JSC-SO-151", "An Innovation for Global Clean Water (MCV)", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Under contract to NASA, Umpqua Research developed the Microbial Check Valve (MCV) iodine-dispensing system for the Space Shuttle Orbiter, introduced in 1979 to purify astronauts' drinking water. In 1989, NASA awarded the company a new contract to develop a system for continuous iodine release over l"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-152", "JSC-SO-152", "An Innovation for Global Clean Water (rain water filtration)", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The Vector Group of Companies has a sublicense and is producing the DIAMOND RAIN Water Purification System for developing countries. The DIAMOND RAIN system is modular and sized for single households to small communities. It employs multiple filtration: first, it captures suspended particles, then i"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-153", "JSC-SO-153", "A Robot to Help Make the Rounds", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The HelpMate trackless robotic hospital courier was designed by Transitions Research Corporation, a think-tank company formed in 1984. Over the course of 10 years, Transitions Research Corporation received funding for this developmental effort from NASA, through seven Small Business Innovation Resea"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-154", "JSC-SO-154", "Solutions for Hot Situations", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "NextelT Ceramic Textiles and Composites from 3MT offer space-age protection and innovative solutions for hot situations ranging from NASA to NASCAR. With superior thermal protection, Nextel fabrics, tape, and sleevings outperform other high-temperature textiles such as aramids, carbon, glass, and qu"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-155", "JSC-SO-155", "High Tech Art: Chameleon Glass", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Dichroic Glass is a technology wherein extremely thin films of metal are vacuum deposited on a glass surface. The coated glass shields spacecraft instruments from cosmic radiation and protects human vision from unfiltered sunlight in space. Because the coating process allows some wavelengths of ligh"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-156", "JSC-SO-156", "Software Bridge", "computer technology", "JSC", "I-Bridge is a commercial version of software developed by I-Kinetics under a NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract. The software allows users of Windows applications to gain quick, easy access to databases, programs and files on UNIX services. Information goes directly onto spreads"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-157", "JSC-SO-157", "Analysis/Design Tool", "computer technology", "JSC", "Excelerator II, developed by INTERSOLV, Inc., provides a complete environment for rules-based expert systems. The software incorporates NASA's C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS), a shell for constructing expert systems. Excelerator II provides complex verification and transformation rou"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-158", "JSC-SO-158", "Monitoring on the Move", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The MyoMonitor EMG system was developed by Delsys, Inc. under SBIR funding from Johnson Space Center. It is a wearable four-channel device that can monitor muscle performance. Presently, its application include rehabilitative therapy, injury prevention, sports medicine, exercise training, and variou"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-159", "JSC-SO-159", "Catamaran Nets", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "West Coast Netting, Inc.'s net of Hyperester twine, is made of three strands of fiber twisted together by a company-invented sophisticated twisting machine and process that maintain precisely the same tension on each strand. The resulting twine offers higher strength and improved abrasion resistance"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-16", "JSC-SO-16", "Cool Sportswear", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Protogs, Inc.'s halter-like garment is not only a modesty aid to curb mammary bounce made of a knit interlining and a nylon mesh outer shell. It is a carefully engineered restraint and support device, deriving from NASA space suit technology, intended to prevent shoulder and back strains, abrasions "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-160", "JSC-SO-160", "Water Filters", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The Aquaspace H2OME Guardian Water Filter, available through Western Water International, Inc., reduces lead in water supplies. The filter is mounted on the faucet and the filter cartridge is placed in the dead space\" between sink and wall. This filter is one of several new filtration devices using "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-161", "JSC-SO-161", "Airline Operations Aid", "transportation", "JSC", "C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS), a NASA-developed expert systems program, is used by American Airlines for three purposes: as a rapid prototyping tool; to develop production prototypes; and to develop production application. An example of the latter is CLIPS' use in Hub S1AAshing a k"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-162", "JSC-SO-162", "Cardiac Monitor", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Under contract to Johnson Space Center, the University of Minnesota developed the concept of impedance cardiography as an alternative to thermodilution to access astronaut heart function in flight. NASA then contracted Space Labs, Inc. to construct miniature space units based on this technology. Sev"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-163", "JSC-SO-163", "Telemedicine Program", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Since the 1970s, NASA has been involved in the research and demonstration of telemedicine for its potential in the care of astronauts in flight and Earth-bound applications. A combination of NASA funding, expertise and off-the-shelf computer and networking systems made telemedicine possible for a me"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-164", "JSC-SO-164", "Balance Evaluation Systems", "health and medicine", "JSC", "NeuroCom's Balance Master is a system to assess and then retrain patients with balance and mobility problems and is used in several medical centers. NeuroCom received assistance in research and funding from NASA, and incorporated technology from testing mechanisms for astronauts after shuttle flight"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-165", "JSC-SO-165", "A Dividend in Food Safety", "public safety", "JSC", "When NASA faced the problem of how and what to feed an astronaut in a sealed capsule under weightless conditions while planning for manned space mission, they enlisted the aid of The Pillsbury Company. There were two principal concerns: barring crumbs of food that might contaminate the spacecraft's "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-166", "JSC-SO-166", "Human Factors Model", "transportation", "JSC", "Jack is an advanced human factors software package that provides a three dimensional model for predicting how a human will interact with a given system or environment. It can be used for a broad range of computer-aided design applications. Jack was developed by the computer Graphics Research Laborat"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-167", "JSC-SO-167", "Risk Assessment System", "public safety", "JSC", "FEAT, a software system for evaluating risks, was developed by Lockheed and later enhanced under NASA funding. FEAT uses directed graph - or digraph - models to provide information on cause and effect if a set of failure events occurs. James Miller, the program designer at Lockheed, formed DiGraphic"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-168", "JSC-SO-168", "Seminar Software", "computer technology", "JSC", "The Society for Computer Simulation International is a professional technical society that distributes information on methodology techniques and uses of computer simulation. The society uses NETS, a NASA-developed program, to assist seminar participants in learning to use neural networks for compute"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-17", "JSC-SO-17", "Thermal Insulation", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "Commercially known as Solimide, Temptronics, Inc.'s thermal insulation has application in such vehicles as aircraft, spacecraft and surface transportation systems (i.e. rapid transit cars, trains, buses, and ships) as acoustical treatment for door, wall, and ceiling panels, as a means of reducing vi"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-170", "JSC-SO-170", "Scheduling Software", "computer technology", "JSC", "Advanced Scheduling Environment is a software product designed and marketed by AVYX, Inc. to provide scheduling solutions for complex manufacturing environments. It can be adapted to specific scheduling and manufacturing processes and has led to substantial cost savings. The system was originally de"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-171", "JSC-SO-171", "Intelligent Agent Technology", "computer technology", "JSC", "Open Sesame! is the first commercial software product that learns user's behavior, and offers automation and coaching suggestions to the user. The neural learning module looks for repetitive patterns that have not been automated; when it finds one, it creates an observation and, upon approval, autom"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-172", "JSC-SO-172", "A Head Start to a Healthy Heart", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Cambridge Heart, Inc., has licensed the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared tool to identify those at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). The Microvolt T-Wave Alternans TestT was invented by Dr. Richard J. Cohen, a professor at the Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Divi"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-173", "JSC-SO-173", "Software Products (Accugraph)", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "ICADS consists of a number of expert systems developed through use of NASA's shell program, CLIPS. It is designed to run under Accugraph Corporation's Mountain Top CAD and Graphic Information Management Software. Mountain Top provides the graphics environment for ICADS and the electronic experts\" mo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-174", "JSC-SO-174", "Software Products (Cornell University)", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "MAST is a decision support system to help in the management of dairy herds. Data is collected on dairy herds around the country and processed at regional centers. One center is Cornell University, where Dr. Lawrence Jones and his team developed MAST. The system draws conclusions from the data and su"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-175", "JSC-SO-175", "Software Products", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "CLIPS has assisted Clarity Software, Inc. in developing a smart\" mail program to help e-mail users compose complex rules for managing their e-mail. The user defines the rules and sets conditions followed by actions to be taken on completion of the conditions. Without CLIPS the company would have had"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-176", "JSC-SO-176", "Automated Analysis Workstation", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Information from NASA Tech Briefs of work done at Langley Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory assisted DiaSys Corporation in manufacturing their first product, the R/S 2000. Since then, the R/S 2000 and R/S 2003 have followed. Recently, DiaSys released their fourth workstation, the FE-"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-177", "JSC-SO-177", "A Testing Service for Industry", "", "JSC", "A small isolated NASA facility provides assistance to industry in the design, testing, and operation of oxygen systems. White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) was originally established to test rocket propulsion systems for the Apollo program. The facility's role was later expanded into testing characteri"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-178", "JSC-SO-178", "A Testing Service for Industry", "", "JSC", "A small isolated NASA facility provides assistance to industry in the design, testing, and operation of oxygen systems. White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) was originally established to test rocket propulsion systems for the Apollo program. The facility's role was later expanded into testing characteri"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-179", "JSC-SO-179", "Security in Full-Force", "computer technology", "JSC", "When fully developed for NASA, Vanguard EnforcerT software-which emulates the activities of highly technical security system programmers, auditors, and administrators-was among the first intrusion detection programs to restrict human errors from affecting security, and to ensure the integrity of a c"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-18", "JSC-SO-18", "Fireman's Air Tanks", "public safety", "JSC", "Together with NASA's Johnson Space Center, A-T-O Inc.'s Scott Aviation has developed light-weight firefighter's air tanks. New backpack system weighs only 20 pounds for 30 minute air supply, 13 pounds less than conventional firefighting tanks. They are pressurized at 4,500 psi, (twice current tanks)"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-180", "JSC-SO-180", "Whale Identification", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "R:BASE for DOS, a computer program developed under NASA contract, has been adapted by the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and the College of the Atlantic to provide and advanced computerized photo matching technique for identification of humpback whales. The program compares photos with stored dig"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-181", "JSC-SO-181", "Water Conditioner", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "A home use water treatment incorporates technology developed to purify water aboard Space Shuttle Orbiters. The General Ionics Model IQ Bacteriostatic Water Softener softens water and inhibits bacteria growth in the filtering unit. Ionics used NASA silver ion technology as a basis for development of"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-182", "JSC-SO-182", "Contamination Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Measurement of the total organic carbon content in water is important in assessing contamination levels in high purity water for power generation, pharmaceutical production and electronics manufacture. Even trace levels of organic compounds can cause defects in manufactured products. The Sievers Mod"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-183", "JSC-SO-183", "Stress Management by Biofeedback", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In the 1980's, Dr. Patrick Doyle served on a project to train U.S. astronauts at Johnson Space Center in biofeedback techniques to control anxiety and hypertension. Traditional biofeedback concepts were found to be too mundane, repetitive and boring, so Doyle developed Bio-Games with more interestin"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-184", "JSC-SO-184", "Ergonomic Chairs", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Findings published in the NASA Anthropometric Source Book by Johnson Space Center helped BodyBilt, Inc. to fashion controlled comfort chairs that lessen the harmful effects of gravity on seated workers. Crew members living aboard NASA's Skylab noted that in space the human posture differs from the n"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-185", "JSC-SO-185", "A Brighter Choice for Safety", "public safety", "JSC", "Luna Technologies International, Inc.'s LUNAplastT product line illuminates without the need for electricity, maintenance, or a power connection. LUNAplast, which benefited from tests conducted at Johnson Space Center, is available as rigid plastic and acrylic sheeting or flexible vinyl rolls. An en"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-186", "JSC-SO-186", "NASA's Software Bank (General Thermal Analysis)", "computer technology", "JSC", "The COSMIC program - The General Thermal Analyzer Program - assisted Salem Automation in evaluating technology and modeling reheat furnaces to determine energy efficiency and quality."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-187", "JSC-SO-187", "Aerial Video Imaging", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "When Michael Henry wanted to start an aerial video service, he turned to Johnson Space Center for assistance. Two NASA engineers - one had designed and developed TV systems in Apollo, Skylab, Apollo-Soyuz and Space Shuttle programs - designed a wing-mounted fiberglass camera pod. Camera head and ang"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-188", "JSC-SO-188", "Water Conditioner", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "The Aqualizer is designed to cleanse water with minimal use of chemicals by stabilizing the ions in the water. Its applications are both recreational and industrial. A non-electrical passive device, the Aqualizer operates on the principle of catalytic water conditioning. It consists of a stainless s"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-189", "JSC-SO-189", "Blowout Monitor", "public safety", "JSC", "C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS), a NASA-developed software shell for developing expert systems, has been embedded in a PC-based expert system for training oil rig personnel in monitoring oil drilling. Oil drilling rigs if not properly maintained for possible blowouts pose hazards to "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-19", "JSC-SO-19", "Ambulance Handbook", "public safety", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center has devised a checklist for the skylab inflight medical support system that has been transferred for public emergencies. The checklist illustrates a procedure for diagnosis, treatment, and stabilization of a wide variety of emergencies. Handbook presents comprehensive ordered de"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-190", "JSC-SO-190", "Personalized Learning Software", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Analysis and Simulation Inc.'s products, IEPLANNER and TPLAN, make use of C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS), a NASA-developed expert system shell which originated at Johnson Space Center. Both products are interactive computer-based systems. They can be run independently or together as"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-191", "JSC-SO-191", "Wireless Communications", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "A technology utilization project led to the commercial adaptation of a Space Shuttle Orbiter wireless infrared voice communications system. The technology was adapted to a LAN system by Wilton Industries, one of the participants. Because the system is cable-free, installation charges are saved, and "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-192", "JSC-SO-192", "Computer Game", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Using NASA studies of advanced lunar exploration and colonization, KDT Industries, Inc. and Wesson International have developed MOONBASE, a computer game. The player, or team commander, must build and operate a lunar base using NASA technology. He has 10 years to explore the surface, select a site a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-193", "JSC-SO-193", "Water Purifiers", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Technology developed to purify the water aboard manned spacecraft has led to a number of spinoff applications. One of them is the Ambassador line of bacteriostatic water treatment systems, which employ high grade, high absorption media to inhibit bacteria growth and remove the medicinal taste and od"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-194", "JSC-SO-194", "Water Purification", "consumer home recreation", "JSC", "Catalytic Activity, Ionization, Filtration, Water Treatment, Cartridges, Pools, Spas The Vision Catalyst Purifier employs the basic technology developed by NASA to purify water aboard the Apollo spacecraft. However, it also uses an erosion\" technique. The purifier kills bacteria viruses and algae by"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-195", "JSC-SO-195", "Water Purification Systems", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Clearwater Pool Technologies employs NASA-developed silver/copper ionization to purify turtle and dolphin tanks, cooling towers, spas, water recycling systems, etc. The pool purifier consists of a microcomputer to monitor water conditions, a pair of metallic electrodes, and a rheostat controller. Io"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-196", "JSC-SO-196", "Creating With Carbon", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Applied Nanotech is blending next-generation carbon nanotube technology with cold cathode X-ray tubes, which were first introduced in the late 19th century, only to vanish quickly with the invention of a hot cathode called ductile tungsten in 1910. With support from JPL under a Small Business Innova"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-197", "JSC-SO-197", "Conducting the Heat", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center granted ESLI a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to develop thermal interface materials that are lightweight, compliant, and demonstrate high thermal conductance even for non-flat surfaces. ESLI created Vel-Therm,R a soft, carbon fiber velvet consisting of numer"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-198", "JSC-SO-198", "Water Purification", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Silver ionization water purification technology was originally developed for Apollo spacecraft. It was later used to cleanse swimming pools and has now been applied to industrial cooling towers and process coolers. Sensible Technologies, Inc. has added two other technologies to the system, which occ"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-199", "JSC-SO-199", "Water Purfication (Carribean Clear)", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Caribbean Clear has been using NASA's silver ionization technology for water purification for more than a decade. Two new products incorporate advancements of the basic technology. One is the AquaKing, a system designed for areas with no source of acceptable drinking water. Another is the Caribbean "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-2", "JSC-SO-2", "Easy Meal", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Oregon Freeze Dry Foods, Inc. commercialized the Easy Meal, adapted from Apollo. This freeze dried food line was designed to provide nutritionally balanced, attractive hot meals for senior adults. In freeze drying process, water is extracted from freshly cooked foods by dehydrating at temperatures a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-20", "JSC-SO-20", "Electric Power Monitor", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Control center for SAMAC (System Automatic Monitor and Control) is a sophisticated dispatch computer system, developed by Rockwell International and operated by Philadelphia Electric Co. SAMAC monitors and controls the generation and distribution of electric power throughout the Philadelphia electri"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-200", "JSC-SO-200", "Calculation Software", "computer technology", "JSC", "MathSoft Plus 5.0 is a calculation software package for electrical engineers and computer scientists who need advanced math functionality. It incorporates SmartMath, an expert system that determines a strategy for solving difficult mathematical problems. SmartMath was the result of the integration i"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-201", "JSC-SO-201", "Freeing Water From Viruses and Bacteria", "health and medicine", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center awarded Argonide Corporation a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to determine the feasibility of using the company's NanoCeramR fibers for purifying recycled space cabin water. Through the NASA partnership, Argonide developed a laboratory-size fil"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-202", "JSC-SO-202", "Water Purification Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "A water purification/recycling system developed by Photo-Catalytics, Inc. (PCI) for NASA is commercially available. The system cleanses and recycles water, using a photo-catalysis\" process in which light or radiant energy sparks a chemical reaction. Chemically stable semiconductor powders are added "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-203", "JSC-SO-203", "Individualized Communications", "computer technology", "JSC", "IntelliWeb and IntelliPrint, products from MicroMass Communications, utilize C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS), a development and delivery expert systems tool developed at Johnson Space Center. IntelliWeb delivers personalized messages by dynamically creating single web pages or entire"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-204", "JSC-SO-204", "Data Management System", "computer technology", "JSC", "CENTRA 2000 Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Auto-trol technology, obtained permission to use software originally developed at Johnson Space Center for the Space Shuttle and early Space Station projects. To support their enormous information-handling needs, a product data management, electronic do"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-205", "JSC-SO-205", "Laser Mapping for Visual Inspection and Measurement", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Laser Techniques Company, LLC (LTC), of Bellevue, Washington, builds customized laser-based measurement and inspection devices to improve the safety, reliability, and useful life of high-value and safety-critical equipment and industrial machinery for the commercial, defense, and aerospace industrie"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-206", "JSC-SO-206", "Hand-Held Instrument Fights Acne, Tops Over-the-Counter Market", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Tyrell Inc., a Houston-based medical technologies company, was able to access engineering support in redesigning a heating element for a hand-held acne-fighting device through SATOP, NASA's Space Alliance Technology Outreach Program. SATOP put Tyrell in contact with The Boeing Company, which assesse"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-207", "JSC-SO-207", "Leaving a Print on Safety", "public safety", "JSC", "Pattern-recognition technologies developed by NASA to identify spacecraft and other objects in space have helped in the development of new, biometrics-based security solutions on Earth that recognize individuals to grant access to protected facilities, equipment, or information. The general principl"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-208", "JSC-SO-208", "Micro Machining Enhances Precision Fabrication", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Advanced thermal systems developed for the Space Station Freedom project are now in use on the International Space Station. These thermal systems employ evaporative ammonia as their coolant, and though they employ the same series of chemical reactions as terrestrial refrigerators, the space-bound co"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-21", "JSC-SO-21", "Emergency/Night Lightning", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "UDEC's highly efficient lighting system is finding wide acceptance among industrial and commercial firms as an energy savings means of providing emergency and night lighting. Originating from Skylab, the system consists of small high frequency fluorescent light fixtures powered by solar cells. Advan"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-210", "JSC-SO-210", "In-Line Filtration Improves Hygiene and Reduces Expense", "health and medicine", "JSC", "MRLB International Inc., of Fergus Falls, Minnesota, designed the DentaPure waterline purification cartridge using water purification research conducted by Umpqua Research Company, of Myrtle Creek, Oregon, as part of SBIR contracts from Johnson Space Center. Various models now address a variety of n"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-211", "JSC-SO-211", "Heating and Cooling Efficiency for Homes", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Over 40 years ago, NASA developed Radiant Barrier technology to protect astronauts in the Apollo Program from temperatures that ranged from 250 degrees above to 400 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Made of aluminized polymer film, the Radiant Barrier both bars and lets in heat to maintain a consistent"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-212", "JSC-SO-212", "Historic Partnership Captures Our Imagination", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Victor Hasselblad AB, of Gothenburg, Sweden, has enjoyed a long-lived collaboration with NASA, especially Johnson Space Center. For over four decades, Hasselblad has supplied camera equipment to the NASA Space Program, and Hasselblad cameras still take on average between 1,500 and 2,000 photographs "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-213", "JSC-SO-213", "A New Definition for Ground Control", "computer technology", "JSC", "LandForm VisualFlight blends the power of a geographic information system with the speed of a flight simulator to transform a user's desktop computer into a virtual cockpit. The software product, which is fully compatible with all Microsoft Windows operating systems, provides distributed, real-time "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-214", "JSC-SO-214", "Robotics Offer Newfound Surgical Capabilities", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Barrett Technology Inc., of Cambridge, Massachusetts, completed three Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Johnson Space Center, during which the company developed and commercialized three core technologies: a robotic arm, a hand that functions atop the arm, and a motor "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-215", "JSC-SO-215", "Space Suit Technologies Protect Deep-Sea Divers", "public safety", "JSC", "Paragon Space Development Corporation is a Tucson, Arizona-based firm specializing in aerospace engineering and technology development, and is a major supplier of environmental control and life support system and subsystem design for the aerospace industry. Through its work with NASA, the company ha"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-216", "JSC-SO-216", "Affordable Space Tourism: SpaceStationSim", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Vision Videogames, LLC, of Towson, Maryland, completed a Space Act Agreement with NASA to create the interactive video game, SpaceStationSim, in which players role-play as the NASA Chief Administrator managing astronauts on the ISS in a 3-D simulated environment. The agreement was a continuation of "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-217", "JSC-SO-217", "Software Schedules Missions, Aids Project Management", "computer technology", "JSC", "Through several long-term SBIR contracts, Knowledge-Based Systems Inc. (KBSI), of College Station, Texas, developed three advanced system management softwares: WorkSim, Model Mosaic, and AIOXFinder. Used independently, or as a suite, these programs help manage complex projects and have been applied "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-218", "JSC-SO-218", "Keeping Cool With Solar-Powered Refrigeration", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "In the midst of developing battery-free, solar-powered refrigeration and air conditioning systems for habitats in space, David Bergeron, the team leader for NASA's Advanced Refrigerator Technology Team at Johnson Space Center, acknowledged the need for a comparable solar refrigerator that could oper"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-219", "JSC-SO-219", "Blast-Off on Mission: SPACE", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Mission: SPACE, an attraction at Walt Disney World's Epcot theme park in Orlando, Florida, features cutting-edge ride technology that gives guests the incredible sensation of lifting off and traveling through space on a mission to Mars. With input from current and former NASA advisors, astronauts, a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-22", "JSC-SO-22", "Error Prevention Aid", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In a complex computer environment there is ample opportunity for error, a mistake by a programmer, or a software-induced undesirable side effect. In insurance, errors can cost a company heavily, so protection against inadvertent change is a must for the efficient firm. The data processing center at "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-220", "JSC-SO-220", "NASA’s Growing Commitment: The Space Garden", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Orbital Technologies Corporation is currently working, with NASA assistance, to grow salad crops to supplement prepackaged foods during long stays in space. The company has developed a growth chamber that is the same dimensions as an astronaut's food package and uses the same hydration needle. Fligh"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-221", "JSC-SO-221", "Crystal-Clear Communication a Sweet-Sounding Success", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Plantronics's entire line of communications headsets and telephony solutions leverages the company's expertise in mission-critical headset design and development for NASA. Its CA10CD cordless push-to-talk headset and amplifier serve as the perfect solution for contact centers, extending cordless mob"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-222", "JSC-SO-222", "Portable Nanomesh Creates Safer Drinking Water", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "In 2003, Seldon Technologies Inc., of Windsor, Vermont, began designing a carbon Nanomesh for filtering impurities from drinking water. Testing in EPA-certified facilities showed that Seldon's filters removed more than 99 percent of bacteria and viruses, numerous chemical contaminants, and endotoxin"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-223", "JSC-SO-223", "Magnetic Separator Enhances Treatment Possibilities", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Since 1988, NASA has issued over 25 SBIR contracts with 4 NASA centers to the company now known as Techshot Inc., of Greenville, Indiana. Currently, Techshot and a spinoff company, IKOTech, are marketing the Magsort, a Quadruple Magnetic Sorter, which collects specific biological cells from a liquid"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-224", "JSC-SO-224", "Space-Proven Medical Monitor: The Total Patient-Care Package", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Spacelabs Medical, now Spacelabs Healthcare, was co-founded by Ben Ettelson and James A. Reeves in 1958 for the express purpose of working with NASA and the U.S. Air Force on systems to monitor the vital signs of astronauts in space. As a prime contractor to NASA for the Gemini Program, the company "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-225", "JSC-SO-225", "The Right Track for Vision Correction", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Alcon's LADARVisionR 4000 utilizes a laser radar (LADAR) eye tracking device for unmatched precision during LASIK vision correction surgery. The LADARTrackerT measures eye movements at a rate of 4,000 times per second, 4 times the perceived safety margin. It also employs a closed-loop system, which "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-226", "JSC-SO-226", "Software With Strong Ties to Space", "computer technology", "JSC", "Tietronix's TieFlow eProcess software is a paradigm of its successful efforts to transfer technology associated with NASA. Essentially a second-generation workflow system that extends from the founders' work at Johnson, TieFlow is a simple but powerful business process improvement solution. It can a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-227", "JSC-SO-227", "Virtual Reality System Offers a Wide Perspective", "computer technology", "JSC", "As part of an SBIR agreement to improve the telepresence in Johnson Space Center's Robonaut, Baltimore-based Sensics Inc. created a head-mounted display with a high-resolution, three-dimensional panorama. The Sensics piSight is now being sold commercially for high-end virtual reality applications. V"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-229", "JSC-SO-229", "Nanoscale Materials Make for Large-Scale Applications", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In 2001, Zyvex Corporation, of Richardson, Texas, developed a revolutionary method of changing carbon nanotube chemistry without harming the molecular structure that gives the carbon nanotubes their remarkable properties. In February 2003, Johnson Space Center recognized the promise of this technolo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-23", "JSC-SO-23", "Jewelry Design", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "A jeweler's torch generates temperatures of 1,400 - 1,800 degrees. Asbestos blocks were used as soldering bases but they were disintegrating at high temperatures. Space Shuttle tiles, manufactured by Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., offered a base with temperature resistance far beyond his requirement"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-230", "JSC-SO-230", "Space Suit Spins", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The complex, life-or-death requirements for spacesuits require state-of-the-art engineering. Frederica, Delaware-based ILC Dover has been working with NASA to design, test, and manufacture spacesuits that have flown on every mission since the Apollo era. As a result, the company has developed skills"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-231", "JSC-SO-231", "Miniature Wireless Sensors Size Up to Big Applications", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "To maintain the Aquarius underwater research facility, the International Space Station, and the space shuttle as safe, healthy living/research habitats for its personnel-while keeping costs in mind-NASA, in 1997, recruited the help of Invocon, Inc., to develop wireless sensor technology that monitor"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-232", "JSC-SO-232", "A Match Made in Space", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "To prevent the highly complex Reaction Control System engines from malfunctioning during space shuttle flights, and to provide a diagnosis if such a mishap were to occur, NASA turned advanced artificial intelligence. Inventor Michael Georgeff assisted NASA by developing the first intelligent agent s"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-233", "JSC-SO-233", "Monitoring Outpatient Care", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Cybernet Medical's MedStarT Disease Management Data Collection System is an affordable, widely deployable solution for improving in-home-patient chronic disease management. The battery-powered and portable MedStar interface device collects physiological data from off-the-shelf instruments regularly "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-234", "JSC-SO-234", "Experiments With Small Animals Rarely Go This Well…", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In the mid-1950s, the U.S. Air Force began work with radiant barrier technology. The work involved creating materials that could withstand the immense heat created by passage through the Earth's atmosphere, creating structures and resources that could withstand the fluctuations in temperature create"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-235", "JSC-SO-235", "Artificial Muscle Kits for the Classroom", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "NASA's Johnson Space Center granted Environmental Robots, Inc. (ERI), a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to develop a family of artificial muscle systems with robotic sensing and actuation capabilities for a wide spectrum of NASA space robotic and extravehicular activity a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-236", "JSC-SO-236", "Covered in Comfort", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Utilizing the same adaptive phase-changing materials applied to astronauts' suits and gloves for better protection against the bitter cold and scorching heat in space, Outlast Technologies, Inc.'s OutlastR products continuously interact with the unique microclimate of the human body and the environm"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-237", "JSC-SO-237", "Web-Based Programs Assess Cognitive Fitness", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The National Space Biomedical Research Institute, based in Houston and funded by NASA, began funding research for Harvard University researchers to design Palm software to help astronauts monitor and assess their cognitive functioning. The MiniCog Rapid Assessment Battery (MRAB) was licensed by the "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-238", "JSC-SO-238", "Fabrics Protect Sensitive Skin from UV Rays", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Late Johnson Space Center engineer Dr. Robert Dotts headed a team to develop cool suits for children suffering from life-threatening sun sensitivities. Dotts hoped to develop ultraviolet-blocking technology in a fabric that-unlike in a bulky space suit-could remain comfortable, light, and breathable"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-239", "JSC-SO-239", "Tiny Devices Project Sharp, Colorful Images", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Displaytech Inc., based in Longmont, Colorado and recently acquired by Micron Technology Inc., of Boise, Idaho, first received an SBIR contract in 1993 from Johnson Space Center to develop tiny, electronic, color displays, called microdisplays. Displaytech has since sold over 20 million microdisplay"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-24", "JSC-SO-24", "Water Filters", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "A compact, lightweight electrolytic water filter generates silver ions in concentrations of 50 to 100 parts per billion in the water flow system. Silver ions serve as effective bactericide/deodorizers. Ray Ward requested and received from NASA a technical information package on the Shuttle filter, a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-240", "JSC-SO-240", "Image-Capture Devices Extend Medicine’s Reach", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center, Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, and Houston-based Wyle Laboratories collaborated on NASA's Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) experiment, which developed revolutionary medical ultrasound diagnostic techniques for long-distance use. Mediphan, a Canadian compan"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-241", "JSC-SO-241", "Medical Devices Assess, Treat Balance Disorders", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Dr. Lewis Nashner's NASA-funded, pioneering work in the 1980s on balance assessment and rehabilitation led to the invention of the EquiTest computerized dynamic posturography system, used by Johnson Space Center to evaluate astronauts' balance upon their return to Earth's gravity. Commercialized by "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-242", "JSC-SO-242", "NASA Bioreactors Advance Disease Treatments", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Houston-based biotechnology firm Regenetech Inc. acquired the licenses for NASA bioreactor technology from Johnson Space Center. The NASA bioreactor, which allows for the rapid cultivation of healthy cells in simulated weightlessness, is now the foundation of Regenetech's thriving intellectual prope"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-243", "JSC-SO-243", "Nanofiber Filters Eliminate Contaminants", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "With support from SBIR funding from Johnson Space Center, Argonide Corporation, of Sanford, Florida, tested and developed its proprietary nanofiber water filter media. Capable of removing more than 99.99 percent of dangerous particles like bacteria, viruses, and parasites, the media was incorporated"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-244", "JSC-SO-244", "Tensile Fabrics Enhance Architecture Around the World", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Using a remarkable fabric originally developed to protect Apollo astronauts, Birdair Inc., of Amherst, New York, has crafted highly durable, safe, environmentally friendly, and architecturally stunning tensile membrane roofs for over 900 landmark structures around the world. Travelers in airports, s"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-245", "JSC-SO-245", "Methods Reduce Cost, Enhance Quality of Nanotubes", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "SBIR contracts with Johnson Space Center supported the development and demonstration of a nanotube production method pioneered by SouthWest Nanotechnologies Inc. (SWeNT), of Norman, Oklahoma. SWeNT's scalable, efficient process results in mass-produced nanotubes that are customizable to client needs"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-246", "JSC-SO-246", "Phase Change Fabrics Control Temperature", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Originally featured in Spinoff 1997, Outlast Technologies Inc. (formerly Gateway Technologies Inc.) has built its entire product line on microencapsulated phase change materials, developed in SBIR contracts with Johnson Space Center after initial development for the U.S. Air Force. The Boulder, Colo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-247", "JSC-SO-247", "Apollo-Era Life Rafts Save Hundreds of Sailors", "public safety", "JSC", "To keep life rafts holding astronauts and frogmen from capsizing from the downdraft of rescue helicopters after Apollo-era splashdown landings, engineers at NASA's Johnson Space Center designed and patented a self-righting life raft capable of resisting tipping in choppy seas and fierce winds. Given"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-248", "JSC-SO-248", "Nanomaterials Transform Hairstyling Tools", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Dr. Dennis Morrison, a former scientist at Johnson Space Center, conducted research on microcapsules that were developed in space and designed to deliver drugs to cancerous tumors. This work led to research on nanoceramic materials, and in 2001, Morrison shared his expertise with Farouk Shami, the o"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-249", "JSC-SO-249", "Toolkits Control Motion of Complex Robotics", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Control and simulation software developed under Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Johnson Space Center is now providing user-friendly, optimized design and control of innovative robots used for military, agriculture, health care, and industrial applications. Created by Energid"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-25", "JSC-SO-25", "Absorbent Material", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "A superabsorbent fabric developed by Johnson Space Center and described in Tech Briefs was adapted by Honeywell and fabricated into special containment devices used on Navy smart\" torpedos. The superabsorbent fabric can sequester up to 400 times its own weight in water and protects the torpedo elect"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-250", "JSC-SO-250", "Space Research Results Purify Semiconductor Materials", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "One of NASA's Commercial Space Centers, the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center (SVEC), had a mission to create thin film semiconductor materials and devices through the use of vacuum growth technologies. In partnership with Johnson Space Center, researchers spent years in the lab where they advanced a tech"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-252", "JSC-SO-252", "Beam Steering Devices Reduce Payload Weight", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Through SBIR contracts with both Johnson Space Center and Langley Research Center, Boulder Nonlinear Systems Inc., of Lafayette, Colorado, developed a solution to mechanical laser beam steering problems. The company's advanced optical phase array chips now have applications across fields as varied a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-253", "JSC-SO-253", "Bioreactors Drive Advances in Tissue Engineering", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center innovators created a rotating wall bioreactor that mimics microgravity conditions, allowing for healthier, more natural-forming cell cultures. Licensed to Synthecon Inc. of Houston, the technology now enables drug development and medical research into treatment for conditions su"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-254", "JSC-SO-254", "Ventilator Technologies Sustain Critically Injured Patients", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Drawing on the expertise of Johnson Space Center space medicine experts under the auspices of a Space Act Agreement, Impact Instrumentation Inc. of West Caldwell, New Jersey, made advances in medical ventilator technology now incorporated into emergency medical solutions for soldiers and civilians a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-255", "JSC-SO-255", "Analyzers Provide Water Security in Space and on Earth", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Working with Johnson Space Center, OI Analytical, based in College Station, Texas, developed a total organic analyzer to monitor the quality of the water supply onboard the International Space Station. The company commercialized the technology, which provides significant cost savings and improved ef"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-256", "JSC-SO-256", "Water Treatment Technologies Inspire Healthy Beverages", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Mike Johnson, a former technician at Johnson Space Center, drew on his expertise as a wastewater engineer to create a line of kombucha-based probiotic drinks. Unpeeled Inc., based in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, employs 12 people and has sold more than 6 million units of its NASA-inspired bevera"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-257", "JSC-SO-257", "Dietary Formulas Fortify Antioxidant Supplements", "health and medicine", "JSC", "As NASA plans for long missions, it explores ways to provide astronauts with nutrition equivalent to fresh produce. Johnson Space Center entered into a Space Act Agreement with Houston-based AmeriSciences LP to develop a multivitamin and other supplements for astronaut health. By 2011, the company c"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-258", "JSC-SO-258", "Dry Electrodes Facilitate Remote Health Monitoring", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center collaborated with Blacksburg, Virginia-based NanoSonic Inc. through the SBIR program to devise a sensor to replace the traditional electrodes used for an electrocardiogram in space. In 2011, NanoSonic started marketing the dry electrodes as well as an EKGear Sensor Shirt, which "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-259", "JSC-SO-259", "Oxygen Assessments Ensure Safer Medical Devices", "public safety", "JSC", "A team at White Sands Test Facility developed a test method to evaluate fire hazards in oxygen-enriched environments. Wendell Hull and Associates, located in Las Cruces, New Mexico, entered a Space Act Agreement with NASA and now provides services including fire and explosion investigations, oxygen "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-26", "JSC-SO-26", "Studless Winter Tires", "transportation", "JSC", "Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company developed a material for Johnson Space Center used as parachute shrouds to soft land the Vikings through the tenuous Martian atmosphere and has been adapted to new radial tire five times stronger than steel. Fiber has a chain-like molecular structure that gives it in"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-260", "JSC-SO-260", "Space-Inspired Trailers Encourage Exploration on Earth", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Architect Garret Finney joined Johnson Space Center's Habitability Design Center to work on creating comfortable, efficiently designed crew quarters for the ISS. Drawing directly on that experience, Finney founded Houston-based Cricket and set about creating unique, versatile recreational trailers t"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-261", "JSC-SO-261", "Ultra-Thin Coatings Beautify Art", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Early in the space program, Johnson Space Center developed a vacuum-deposition method for applying ultra-thin coatings of metal to substances. The technology spun off into commercial applications, such as the manufacture of dichroic glass. Jan Lewczenko, owner of Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania-based J"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-262", "JSC-SO-262", "Spacesuit Materials Add Comfort to Undergarments", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Phase change materials (PCMs) were one of the technologies NASA used to help astronauts maintain a \"just right\" temperature in their space gloves. To incorporate PCMs in spacesuit fabrics, Johnson Space Center collaborated with Outlast Technologies Inc. In 2011, Jockey International, headquartered i"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-263", "JSC-SO-263", "Power Converters Secure Electronics in Harsh Environments", "computer technology", "JSC", "In order to harden power converters for the rigors of space, NASA awarded multiple SBIR contracts to Blacksburg, Virginia-based VPT Inc. The resulting hybrid DC-DC converters have proven valuable in aerospace applications, and as a result the company has generated millions in revenue from the produc"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-264", "JSC-SO-264", "Innovative Software Tools Measure Behavioral Alertness", "health and medicine", "JSC", "To monitor astronaut behavioral alertness in space, Johnson Space Center awarded Philadelphia-based Pulsar Informatics Inc. SBIR funding to develop software to be used onboard the International Space Station. Now used by the government and private companies, the technology has increased revenues for"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-265", "JSC-SO-265", "Patient Simulators Train Emergency Caregivers", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center teamed up with Sarasota, Florida-based METI (now CAE Healthcare) through the STTR program to ruggedize the companyճ patient simulators for training astronauts in microgravity environments. The design modifications were implemented in future patient simulators that are now used t"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-266", "JSC-SO-266", "Solar Refrigerators Store Life-Saving Vaccines", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Former Johnson Space Center engineer David Bergeron used his experience on the Advanced Refrigeration Technology Team to found SunDanzer Refrigeration Inc., a company specializing in solar-powered refrigerators. The company has created a battery-free unit that provides safe storage for vaccines in r"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-267", "JSC-SO-267", "NASA Standards Inform Comfortable Car Seats", "transportation", "JSC", "NASA developed standards, which included the neutral body posture (NBP), to specify ways to design flight systems that support human health and safety. Nissan Motor Company, with US offices in Franklin, Tennessee, turned to NASAճ NBP research for the development of a new driverճ seat. The 2013 Altim"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-268", "JSC-SO-268", "Air Systems Provide Life Support to Miners", "public safety", "JSC", "Through a Space Act Agreement with Johnson Space Center, Paragon Space Development Corporation, of Tucson, Arizona, developed the Commercial Crew Transport-Air Revitalization System, designed to provide clean air for crewmembers on short-duration space flights. The technology is now being used to he"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-269", "JSC-SO-269", "Robots Spur Software That Lends a Hand", "public safety", "JSC", "While building a robot to assist astronauts in space, Johnson Space Center worked with partners to develop robot reasoning and interaction technology. The partners created Robonaut 1, which led to Robonaut 2, and the work also led to patents now held by Universal Robotics in Nashville, Tennessee. Th"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-27", "JSC-SO-27", "Under Attack", "computer technology", "JSC", "Diversified High Technologies, Inc. (DHT) has supported the Avionics Software Development Environment Pathfinder (ASDEP) program throughout its phases. For the first two years, DHT operated as the technology facilitator providing technical coordination between vendors, contractors, and NASA. This ev"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-270", "JSC-SO-270", "NASA-Enhanced Water Bottles Filter Water on the Go", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", ""], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-271", "JSC-SO-271", "Thermal Materials Protect Priceless, Personal Keepsakes", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "NASA astronaut Scott Parazynski led the development of materials and techniques for the inspection and repair of the shuttleճ thermal protection system. Parazynski later met Chris Shiver of Houston-based DreamSaver Enterprises LLC and used concepts from his work at Johnson Space Center to develop an"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-272", "JSC-SO-272", "Thermal Materials Drive Professional Apparel Line", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Johnson Space Center investigated phase change materials (PCMs) to use in spacesuit gloves to help maintain comfortable temperatures. Years later, Boston-based Ministry of Supply developed a dress shirt that incorporated the NASA-derived PCMs, could wick away moisture, and also control odors and bac"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-273", "JSC-SO-273", "Audio App Brings a Better Night’s Sleep", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Neuroscientist Seth Horowitz was part of a NASA-funded team at State University of New York Stony Brook demonstrating that low-amplitude vestibular stimulation could induce sleep. After recognizing the same stimulation could be applied through sound, Horowitz founded Sleep Genius, located in Park Ci"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-274", "JSC-SO-274", "Software Facilitates Sharing of Water Quality Data Worldwide", "public safety", "JSC", "John Feighery was an environmental engineer at Johnson Space Center when a new, simplified version of the coliform bacteria test was developed for astronaut use on the International Space Station. Through his New York City-based mWater Foundation, Feighery is using the test to help rural communities"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-275", "JSC-SO-275", "Underwater Adhesives Retrofit Pipelines with Advanced Sensors", "public safety", "JSC", "Houston-based Astro Technology Inc. used a partnership with Johnson Space Center to pioneer an advanced fiber-optic monitoring system for offshore oil pipelines. The company_s underwater adhesives allow it to retrofit older deepwater systems in order to measure pressure, temperature, strain, and flo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-276", "JSC-SO-276", "3D Lasers Increase Efficiency, Safety of Moving Machines", "public safety", "JSC", "Canadian company Neptec Design Group Ltd. developed its Laser Camera System, used by shuttles to render 3D maps of their hulls for assessing potential damage. Using NASA funding, the firm incorporated LiDAR technology and created the TriDAR 3D sensor. Its commercial arm, Neptec Technologies Corp., h"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-277", "JSC-SO-277", "Air Revitalization System Enables Excursions to the Stratosphere", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Paragon Space Development Corporation, based in Tucson, Arizona has had a long history of collaboration with NASA, including developing a modular air purification system under the Commercial Crew Development Program, designed to support the commercial space sector. Using that device and other NASA t"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-278", "JSC-SO-278", "Bioreactor Yields Extracts for Skin Cream", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Johnson Space Flight Center researchers created a unique rotating-wall bioreactor that simulates microgravity conditions, spurring innovations in drug development and medical research. Renu_ll Int_l Inc., based in Aventure, Florida, licensed the technology and used it to produce a healing skin care "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-279", "JSC-SO-279", "Private Astronaut Training Prepares Commercial Crews of Tomorrow", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "A new company that includes a handful of former NASA personnel is already taking applications for the first comprehensive commercial astronaut training approved by the Federal Aviation Administration. Waypoint 2 Space, located at Johnson Space Center, hopes to draw space tourists and enthusiasts and"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-28", "JSC-SO-28", "Slow-Release Fertilizer", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Under an SBIR, ZeoponiX, Inc., introduced ZeoPro. This product is used as a fertilizer/soil amendment for golf courses, ball fields, greenhouse and horticultural uses. A combination of superior growth medium and soil conditioner allow for nutrient supplemation and high efficiency delivery of nutrien"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-280", "JSC-SO-280", "Gas Conversion Systems Reclaim Fuel for Industry", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "A human trip to Mars will require astronauts to utilize resources on the Red Planet to generate oxygen and fuel for the ride home, among other things. Lakewood, Colorado-based Pioneer Energy has worked under SBIR agreements with Johnson Space Center to develop technology for those purposes, and now "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-281", "JSC-SO-281", "Tool Kit Simplifies Development of High-Affinity Molecules", "health and medicine", "JSC", "A human trip to Mars will require new medical diagnostic technology because antibodies, used in measuring biomarkers, degrade in space. Through SBIR funding from Johnson Space Center in 2007, AM Biotechnologies LLC in Houston developed X-Aptamers, antibody alternatives that are longer-lasting and ea"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-282", "JSC-SO-282", "CO2 Recovery System Saves Brewers Money, Puts Bubbles into Beer", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Work that Robert Zubrin did with Johnson Space Center focused on breaking down elements abundant on Mars and turning them into resources, including capturing and manipulating carbon dioxide (CO2). In the beer world, large systems allow major brewers to capture CO2 generated during fermentation and u"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-283", "JSC-SO-283", "Antimicrobial Agent Updates Ancient Industry of Prayer Mats", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Two NASA experiments testing the antimicrobial properties of chitosan, derived from the main compound in arthropod exoskeletons_especially one test carried out on Johnson Space Center_s Cell Culture Module aboard the International Space Station_inspired a feature of what Calgary-based TIMEZ5 Inc. ca"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-284", "JSC-SO-284", "Space-Ready Durometers Measure Hardness on Earth", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "When the space shuttles were flying, NASA needed a tool to ensure any tiles repaired on the craft_s underbelly after launch could withstand the heat of reentry into Earth_s atmosphere. Johnson Space Center called on Buffalo Grove, Illinois-based Rex Gauge Durometers Inc. to modify its existing durom"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-285", "JSC-SO-285", "Space-Based Bone Scanner Expands Medical Research", "health and medicine", "JSC", "As a part of an effort to upgrade ISS research facilities managed by Johnson Space Center, the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) worked with Techshot Inc. to build a bone densitometer suitable for use in space. The Greenville, Indiana-based company_s product, dubbed Bone D, is o"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-286", "JSC-SO-286", "Temperature-Regulating Fabrics Keep Babies Comfortable", "health and medicine", "JSC", "One method Johnson Space Center investigated for managing heat inside a spacesuit was the use of phase-change materials (PCMs). Like ice cubes in a drink, PCMs absorb heat as they change from solid to liquid, and, if exposed to colder temperatures, they release that heat as they refreeze. An SBIR co"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-287", "JSC-SO-287", "Orion Parachute Innovations Carry Commercial Rockets Back to Earth", "transportation", "JSC", "Airborne Systems Inc., whose Space and Recovery Systems branch is in Santa Ana, California, worked as a subcontractor to build the parachute system for the Orion capsule. The design is based in part on the Apollo spacecraft_s parachutes but incorporates updates and improvements requested by Johnson "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-288", "JSC-SO-288", "Orion Video Requirement Advances High-Speed, Compact Cameras", "public safety", "JSC", "To film parachute deployment on the Orion spacecraft, Johnson Space Center required a high-speed, compact, rugged video camera. Integrated Design Tools (IDT) of Pasadena, California, which specializes in cameras for industrial and scientific markets, such as crash testing, was subcontracted. IDT dev"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-289", "JSC-SO-289", "Fast-Flow Nanofiber Filters Purify Water at Home and in the Field", "public safety", "JSC", "Tom Smokoff, founder of Water Pure Technologies Inc. in Murray, Utah, wanted to build low-cost water filtration systems fast enough to efficiently supply whole villages. He found the NanoCeram filter, originally developed for Johnson Space Center, which quickly eliminates better than 99.9 percent of"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-29", "JSC-SO-29", "Fire Resistant Materials", "public safety", "JSC", "Fire hazard is greater in atmospheres containing a high percentage of oxygen under pressure. NASA intensified its fire safety research after a 1967 Apollo fire. A chemically treated fabric called Durette developed by Monsanto Company, which will not burn or produce noxious fumes, was selected as a m"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-290", "JSC-SO-290", "Large-Scale 3D Printer Brings Manufacturing to the Masses", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "A team of former Johnson Space Center employees founded re:3D in Houston, Texas with a vision to bring additive manufacturing power to the developing world. Drawing on skills they honed at NASA, the team built an inexpensive printer 30 times larger than competing desktop models. They have customers "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-291", "JSC-SO-291", "Carbon Nanotube Resin Shores Up Boats, Bikes", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Carbon nanotubes offer 100 times the strength of steel at just one-sixth the weight. The potential for space applications seemed huge, but the material was challenging to work with, so NASA awarded SBIR funding to Zyvex Technologies, based in Columbus, Ohio. That was instrumental in helping move for"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-292", "JSC-SO-292", "Connectors Link Data Networks for Orion, Industry", "computer technology", "JSC", "The Orion crew capsule may resemble its Apollo ancestor on the surface, but its internal systems reflect nearly half a century of development. Among these is a 21st-century data system capable of quickly transmitting massive amounts of data, overseen by Johnson Space Center and designed by Smiths Co"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-293", "JSC-SO-293", "Scheduling Software Plans Public, Private Space Missions", "computer technology", "JSC", "Alex and Ella Herz learned about space mission scheduling while working payload operations at Johnson Space Center, and Alex and Doug George later created scheduling software for a planned lidar mission at Goddard Space Flight Center. The three founded Greenbelt, Maryland-based Orbit Logic, where on"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-294", "JSC-SO-294", "Astronauts Instruct Newcomers on Peculiarities of Spaceflight", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "The growing numbers of engineers, managers, and others in the space industry generally do not graduate with much knowledge of the unique challenges posed by space travel. The International Flight Test Institute in Mojave, California, aims to fill that knowledge gap with crash courses in spaceflight "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-295", "JSC-SO-295", "Privately Built Facility Offers Advantages in Space Exposure Testing", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "NASA_s Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) series tests the effects of exposure to space on various materials, housing them outside the ISS. Under cooperative agreements with Johnson Space Center, Houston-based Alpha Space is designing the next MISSE facility to provide advantag"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-296", "JSC-SO-296", "Shuttle, Hubble Work Lead to Strength in Custom Current Sensors", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Subcontracts to provide current and voltage sensors first for the Space Shuttle at Johnson Space Center and then for the Hubble Space Telescope at Marshall Space Flight Center led American Aerospace Controls to develop the ability to create, test, and document highly reliable, customized components."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-297", "JSC-SO-297", "Weightless “Weight”-Lifting Builds Muscle on Earth", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Loss of bone density and muscle during long stays in zero gravity posed a dilemma without a clear solution: weights are useless in a weightless environment. Paul Francis was working on exercise equipment based on resistance rather than weight, called SpiraFlex, and answered NASA’s call for ideas. Fr"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-298", "JSC-SO-298", "Virtual Therapist Offers Out-of-This-World Depression Treatment", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Mental health problems could be a real challenge for NASA crewmembers on long-duration missions—and it’s not like they can pop out to the therapist. With grants from the Johnson Space Center-funded National Space Biomedical Research Institute, James Cartreine built a computer-based system called Vir"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-299", "JSC-SO-299", "Time-Triggered Ethernet Slims Down Critical Data Systems", "transportation", "JSC", "Ethernet traditionally could not be used for critical systems because it couldn’t guarantee when or whether signals would reach their destinations. TTTech, whose U.S. headquarters is in Andover, Massachusetts, developed a more reliable system, called Time-Triggered Ethernet, which it honed under a J"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-3", "JSC-SO-3", "Apparel for Cleaner Clean Rooms", "health and medicine", "JSC", "In the 1960's NASA pioneered contamination control technology, providing a base from which aerospace contractors could develop control measures. NASA conducted special courses for clean room technicians and supervisors, and published a series of handbooks with input from various NASA field centers. "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-30", "JSC-SO-30", "Blood Pressure Checker", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Medimax 30 is a coin-operated self checking device that produces blood pressure readings in only 30 seconds and provides a printed record as well. It is extremely simple; user puts an arm in the self-adjusting cuff and the rest is completely automatic. Medimax 30 allows the hypertension sufferer to "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-300", "JSC-SO-300", "Autonomous Robots Take On Dangerous Warehouse Jobs", "public safety", "JSC", "Engineers at Johnson Space Center worked with programmers at Carnegie Mellon University to create a prototype robot team capable of working autonomously to build a solar array on the Moon. The project never flew, but one of the graduate students who worked on it is now a senior research scientist at"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-301", "JSC-SO-301", "Offshore Oil Workers Learn Survival Skills in Astronaut Training Pool", "public safety", "JSC", "At Johnson Space Center’s Neutral Buoyancy Lab, astronauts practice spacewalks underwater to simulate weightlessness. To offset the cost of maintaining the enormous and well-equipped pool, the center charges outside groups to use the facility under a Space Act Agreement. The biggest customer is Hous"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-302", "JSC-SO-302", "Paired Sleep Tracker, Light Therapy Tools Retrain Circadian Rhythms", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Since around 2000, the Johnson Space Center-funded National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) has supported research on the use of blue light wavelengths to regulate circadian rhythms. Based on this research, London- and San Francisco-based Circadia developed a light therapy system to trai"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-304", "JSC-SO-304", "External Platform Enables Space Research", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Many ISS investigations test how materials perform outside our atmosphere or use the vantage point for Earth, sun, and star observations. Houston-based Airbus DS Space Systems has built external platforms for NASA, working with Johnson Space Center, to enable that kind of research, and most recently"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-305", "JSC-SO-305", "Fluorescent Paints Spot DNA Damage from Radiation, Gene Editing", "health and medicine", "JSC", "A cutting-edge technique for detecting chromosome damage developed for space medicine has major implications on the ground. In space, astronauts are exposed to radiation that causes damage to DNA. But some mutations are easier to see than others. KromaTiD Inc., based in Fort Collins, Colorado, devel"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-306", "JSC-SO-306", "Biometric Sensor Tracks Vital Signs for Health", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Technology developed to help monitor astronauts in orbit has pushed forward wearable technology here on Earth too, leading to devices that could provide clues to heart disease and more. Funded by SBIR contracts from Johnson Space Center, researcher Lino Velo developed a tiny sensor that tracks heart"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-307", "JSC-SO-307", "Gas Regulators Keep Pilots Breathing", "public safety", "JSC", "Since John Glenn’s first orbit in 1962, all U.S. astronauts have used a derivation of his oxygen regulator. For the original project, Cobham Mission Systems (then operating as Carleton Controls) needed to make a gas regulator smaller and lighter than ever before. Now the Orchard Park, New York-based"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-308", "JSC-SO-308", "Bowflex System Spurs Revolution in Home Fitness", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The Bowflex Revolution home gym was a phenomenon of the 2000s and to this day sells well—but it might not exist without NASA. Inventor Paul Francis took his idea for a weightless weight-trainer, using elastic resistance, to Johnson Space Center, which was looking for ways to help astronauts retain m"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-309", "JSC-SO-309", "Spacesuit Air Filters Eliminate Household Pet Odors", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "NASA-backed research on spacesuit technology could improve air quality in the homes of pet owners, keep cars smelling fresh, and keep the air pure in microchip manufacturing facilities. Serionix Inc., based in Champaign, Illinois, developed an air-filtering technology involving polymers that carry a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-31", "JSC-SO-31", "NASA's Software Bank (CLIPS)", "computer technology", "JSC", "C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) is a NASA Johnson Space Center developed software shell for developing expert systems, is used by researchers at Ohio State University to determine solid waste disposal sites to assist in historic preservation. The program has various other application"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-310", "JSC-SO-310", "Light Research Aids Slumber", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "When astronauts only spent a few hours or days in orbit, sleep was not the biggest concern. As stays stretched longer, however, Johnson Space Center and partner nonprofit National Space Biomedical Research Institute began studying rest and alertness in microgravity. The work showed different light w"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-311", "JSC-SO-311", "Electrified Bacteria Clean Wastewater, Generate Power", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "A group of graduate students used a NASA grant to study ideas for “bioelectric space exploration,” including a fuel cell powered by wastewater and based on bacteria that “breathe” electricity. They later won NASA SBIR funding, including a Johnson Space Center contract for a cell that could turn wast"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-312", "JSC-SO-312", "Pointing Platform Enables Earth Imaging from Space Station", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Although Earth-pointing satellites are increasingly common, the space station offers a more affordable option for orbiting science-grade imagers. ISS’s National Laboratory, overseen at Johnson Space Center, partnered with Huntsville, Alabama-based Teledyne Brown Engineering to outfit the station wit"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-313", "JSC-SO-313", "Deep-Space Food Science Research Improves 3D-Printing Capabilities", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Maintaining astronauts’ nutrition becomes harder the farther they go from Earth. Contemplating sending astronauts as far away as Mars, Johnson Space Center took one company up on a proposal to explore 3D-printing foods, awarding SBIR funding. After the company built a prototype, one of its senior en"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-315", "JSC-SO-315", "Remote Monitoring Promotes Community Health beyond Hospitals", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Starting with the Gemini Program, Spacelabs Healthcare worked with Johnson Space Center to develop a system to send data on astronauts’ body temperature, heart rate, breathing cycles, and blood pressure to ground stations during flight. The Snoqualmie, Washington-based company quickly saw potential "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-316", "JSC-SO-316", "Balance Scale Predicts, Helps Prevent Falls", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Astronauts returning to Earth often experience balance problems. Two interns at Johnson Space Center helped develop a way to measure a person’s balance control. They went on to found Houston-based Zibrio Inc.,"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-317", "JSC-SO-317", "Fiber-Optic “Nerves” Enable Sensitive Surgery Tools", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems (IFOS) Corporation’s first funding came from NASA SBIR contracts to develop optical fibers with strain and temperature sensors etched at intervals into their cores, a technology with many possible applications. SBIR funding from Johnson Space Center let the Santa Clar"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-318", "JSC-SO-318", "Variable-Gravity Device Enables Medical, Pharmaceutical Research", "health and medicine", "JSC", "NASA knows little about the long-term effects of partial gravity, such as what astronauts experience on the lunar surface. So Johnson Space Center awarded SBIR contracts to Techshot Inc. to build the Multi-Use Variable-Gravity Platform now on the space station. The device uses centrifugal force to s"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-319", "JSC-SO-319", "Space Station Research Platform Paves the Way for Zero-G Manufacturing", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The space station offers a unique platform for learning how to take advantage of zero gravity to benefit people on the ground. That’s what motivates Lexington, Kentucky-based Space Tango, which sells lab space in orbit. In addition to being hosted on the space station (which supplies power and a dat"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-32", "JSC-SO-32", "Portable Dental System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Portable dental system provides dental care in isolated communities. System includes a patient's chair and a dentist's stool, an x-ray machine and a power unit, all of which fold into compact packages. A large yellow pumpkin\" is a collapsible compressed air tank. Portable system has been used succes"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-320", "JSC-SO-320", "Polyimide Foam Offers Safer, Lighter Insulation", "public safety", "JSC", "Under the Fire Resistant Materials Engineering Project of the 1970s, Johnson Space Center and a contractor invented methods to turn a particular polyimide into durable, lightweight, fireproof foams for thermal and acoustic insulation, known as Solimide. Now owned by Boyd Corporation, the Solimide pl"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-321", "JSC-SO-321", "Wool Mask to Fight Fires in Space Inspires Fire Equipment on Earth", "public safety", "JSC", "Auckland, New Zealand-based Lanaco adapted one of its wool filters to prolong the life of the mask astronauts would wear in the event of a fire on the Orion spacecraft. Work on the project, through a Johnson Space Center contract with Jacobs Engineering Group, inspired Lanaco to develop filters for "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-322", "JSC-SO-322", "Astronaut Experience Inspires Single-Handed Drone Flight Controller", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Scott Parazynski’s astronaut experience helped him create a joystick that controls drone fight with a single hand and will one day, he hopes, revolutionize robotic surgery. Parazynski, who is also a physician, used the expertise he gained at Johnson Space Center and in space to build a more intuitiv"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-323", "JSC-SO-323", "Carbon-Fiber Heat Sink Makes Batteries Safer for Electric Cars, Bikes, and More", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Keeping modern energy-dense batteries from overheating (and sometimes even exploding) is an important challenge. Campbell, California-based KULR Technology specializes in the field. In collaboration with with Johnson Space Center, the company recently created a thermal runaway shield for lithium-ion"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-324", "JSC-SO-324", "Zero-Gravity Body Posture Influences Acupressure Massage Chair", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "How the human body acts in microgravity influences the equipment and procedures NASA develops, as well as consumer products on Earth. Johnson Space Center neutral body posture research revealed the positions an astronaut’s body assumes in space, and that same data is used for a robotic medical massa"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-325", "JSC-SO-325", "Gas Processors Turn Oil Drilling Emissions into Fuel for Sale", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Robert Zubrin founded Pioneer Astronautics in the 1990s, and the company devised a multitude of technologies for space exploration. Several developed under SBIR contracts with Johnson Space Center would take apart molecules abundant on Mars and reassemble them into useful resources. Realizing that s"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-327", "JSC-SO-327", "Fix It Like an Astronaut with Augmented Reality", "computer technology", "JSC", "Augmented reality and 3D animation can help astronauts conduct maintenance in low-Earth orbit. A system NASA contracted to guide procedures in space is now helps businesses improve training and field operations on this planet."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-328", "JSC-SO-328", "A New Frontier for Cardiac Monitoring", "health and medicine", "JSC", "CardioDynamics International Corporation (CDIC) has created the BioZ(TM) System through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) award from Johnson Space Center, providing patients and physicians with a cost-effective and highly accurate monitoring system.The BioZ non-invasive heart monitor is ba"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-329", "JSC-SO-329", "Communication Devices Ease Contact with Commercial Spacecraft", "computer technology", "JSC", "As part of an overhaul of the ISS communications system, Johnson Space Center contracted Colorado Springs-based AMERGINT Technologies to build a new data processor for Mission Control to receive data from the space station. The company was developing its reconfigurable SOFTLINK architecture of softw"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-33", "JSC-SO-33", "Self Righting Life Raft", "public safety", "JSC", "The Givens Buoy Raft was designed and manufactured for inventor Jim Givens of Givens Marine Survival Co. Inc., by RPR Industries, Inc. The Raft consists of a canopied topside and an underwater hemispheric ballast chamber. It has a heavy ballast stabilization system, adopted from NASA technology, whi"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-330", "JSC-SO-330", "Industry Opens a New Door to Space", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "The Bishop Airlock Module, built through a public-private partnership with NASA, expands commercial access to low-Earth orbit by adding real estate to the space station and a larger doorway for putting CubeSats into orbit."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-331", "JSC-SO-331", "How the Moon Landing Led to Safer Food for Everyone", "public safety", "JSC", "Facing strict reliability requirements, NASA and Pillsbury personnel invented a system to prevent hazards from entering foods processed for the Apollo astronauts. Their approach now assures safe processed foods all over the world."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-333", "JSC-SO-333", "Hot Water on Demand", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "NASA expertise gained from testing labs and experiments on the space shuttle led to improvements for Seisco in-home tankless water heaters"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-334", "JSC-SO-334", "Space Fuel Cell Provides Deep-Sea Power", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Under a Space Act Agreement, NASA taught one company how to make more efficient, reliable fuel cells. They’re now on the ocean floor, as backup power for wells and recharging the remotely operated vehicles that service them."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-335", "JSC-SO-335", "Recalibrating Fine Motor Skills", "computer technology", "JSC", "How does leaving and returning to gravity impact fine motor skills? An app to test astronaut performance helps NASA learn more, and now it helps anyone measure their abilities via an app released by the agency."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-336", "JSC-SO-336", "For Work or Play, Comfort All Day", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Cooling materials based on NASA SBIR contracts and memory foam stemming from an agency airline safety project are both used in high-end chairs from two sister companies."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-337", "JSC-SO-337", "Measuring Moon Dust to Fight Air Pollution", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Working as a contributor on a NASA NextSTEP lunar habitat project, Lunar Outpost Inc. developed an air-quality sensor system to detect and measure the amount of lunar soil in the air that also detects pollutant on Earth."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-338", "JSC-SO-338", "From Spacesuits to Racing Suits", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Phase-change materials originally developed for spacesuits under an SBIR with NASA’s Johnson Space Center are now being used in specialized undergarments to help keep race car drivers cool in the cockpit."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-339", "JSC-SO-339", "Shower like a Martian", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Inspired by a NASA design exercise, a Swedish inventor used filter material developed with help from NASA to create the first recirculating shower, saving water and energy."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-34", "JSC-SO-34", "Tension Structure", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "The campus center of La Verne College, built by Birdair Structures, Inc. is a tension structure. Its multi-coned fabric membrane is supported by a network of cables attached to steel columns which function like circus tent poles. Flexible design permits rearrangement of interior to accommodate athle"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-340", "JSC-SO-340", "Ancient Technology Enters the Space Age", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "After helping another company implement silver-ion water purification technology from the space shuttle, Puronics has incorporated its SilverShield version into whole-house water conditioners to prevent bacterial growth in filters."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-341", "JSC-SO-341", "Space-Grade Safety Checks for Poultry", "public safety", "JSC", "A HACCP plan for turkey processing means monitoring crucial points such as those where any residual farm chemicals are removed, proper refrigeration must be maintained, and antimicrobial sprays or dip tanks are used. High-pressure processing has recently become popular for poultry and various other "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-342", "JSC-SO-342", "Analyze Hazards, Establish Control", "public safety", "JSC", "Facing strict reliability requirements, NASA and Pillsbury personnel invented a system to prevent hazards from entering foods processed for the Apollo astronauts. Their approach now assures safe processed foods all over the world."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-343", "JSC-SO-343", "Contamination-Free Canning", "public safety", "JSC", "Critical control points to monitor for cranberry sauce production can include a washing station for the berries, filtration and metal detection that ensure against foreign materials, heat treatment for pasteurization, and checks of acidity levels, among others."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-344", "JSC-SO-344", "Space Pens, Pencils, and How NASA Takes Notes in Space", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Boulder City, Nevada-based Fisher Pen Company was already developing a pressurized ballpoint pen when NASA decided to stop using pencils in space. Traditional pens wouldn’t work without gravity. The company accelerated development, and NASA tested the resulting pen rigorously. The Space Pen, capable"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-346", "JSC-SO-346", "NASA’s Robotic Glove Finds Commercial Handhold", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "NASA and General Motors joined forces to build Robonaut 2. The work led to a suite of robotic glove patents, now licensed and commercialized by Bioservo Technologies AB of Stockholm, Sweden, for industrial workplaces."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-347", "JSC-SO-347", "LED Lights for Sleep and Sanitizing", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Healthe Inc. of Orlando, Florida, based on experience designing spacecraft lighting for NASA and using NASA-funded circadian research, developed automated LED bulbs to promote healthy sleep-wake cycles. They further developed the technology into a method of sanitizing air with ultraviolet light."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-348", "JSC-SO-348", "Space-Age Water Purification Anywhere on Earth", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The company nkd LIFE Ltd., whose U.S. office is in West Palm Beach, Florida, makes bottles for purifying water on the go, using a filtration medium developed with the help of NASA SBIR funding. The company is now working to make drinking water more accessible in the developing world."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-35", "JSC-SO-35", "Fogless Ski Goggles", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Keeping ski goggles from fogging is just one of dozens of uses for anti-fog coating developed at Johnson Space Center to keep spacecraft windows clear before launch. Basic composition of coating includes a liquid detergent, deionized water, an oxygen-compatible, fire resistant oil. Two thin coatings"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-350", "JSC-SO-350", "‘Positive Energy’ Captures Contaminants", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Decades ago, Western Water International of Forestville, Maryland, based its Aquaspace water filter compound in part on NASA technical reports. The business continues to grow after being selected by high-profile customers like the White House and D.C. schools."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-351", "JSC-SO-351", "Stay Safe with Battery Testing for Space", "public safety", "JSC", "Experience developing battery testing methods for human spaceflight at NASA was brought to Underwriters Laboratories Inc., headquartered in Northbrook, Illinois, helping reduce the risk of lithium-ion battery chemistries and ensuring that batteries in equipment and appliances are safer."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-352", "JSC-SO-352", "From a Lightbox to Lamps", "health and medicine", "JSC", "When a lighting engineer wanted to make something new to help people get the rest they needed, NASA research allowed Ario of Seattle to create a wirelessly controlled LED lamp that is now seeing use in homes and hospitality."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-353", "JSC-SO-353", "Cryofuels Come Under Pressure", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "NASA needs reliable cryofuel tanks for use in space, and the airline industry wants them to replace fossil fuels. SBIR funding from Marshall Space Flight Center for Tullahoma, Tennessee-based Gloyer-Taylor Laboratories Inc. helped develop a lightweight carbon composite tank that can work for planeta"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-354", "JSC-SO-354", "Space Robotics Take a Deep Dive", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "The founder and many of the engineers at Houston-based Nauticus Robotics built robots at Johnson Space Center that had to operate autonomously in harsh, remote environments. Now they’ve applied that experience to Aquanaut, an underwater robot that can work at offshore operations without the help of "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-355", "JSC-SO-355", "Feeling Hot, Staying Cool", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Using a temperature-controlling material developed in part under an SBIR from Johnson Space Center for spacesuit gloves, Fifty One of London is making clothes to alleviate the symptoms of menopause."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-356", "JSC-SO-356", "Space Radiation Research Fights Cancer on Earth", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Protecting astronauts from space radiation exposure is important, so Johnson Space Center funded research into using certain segments of DNA to estimate radiation damage. After it proved successful, Promega Corp. in Fitchburg, Wisconsin, used the technique to create its OncoMate MSI Dx Analysis Syst"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-357", "JSC-SO-357", "With NASA’s Help, the Moon Becomes a Commercial Destination", "transportation", "JSC", "Several engineers who worked on the experimental Morpheus lander at Johnson Space Center have applied that technical knowledge to building a commercial lunar lander at Intuitive Machines LLC in Houston. The Nova-C will carry commercial and NASA payloads to the Moon under the Commercial Lunar Payload"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-358", "JSC-SO-358", "Private Lessons for Private Spaceflight", "transportation", "JSC", "To enable their private astronauts to live and work in orbit, Axiom Space of Houston used NASA facilities and people with NASA experience to train their crews of private astronauts that travel to the space station."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-359", "JSC-SO-359", "Electrical Body Signals Help Researchers Restore Movement and More", "health and medicine", "JSC", "NASA has long studied the effects of weightlessness on astronauts’ muscle functioning. With support from Johnson Space Center, including SBIR contracts, Delsys Inc. of Natick, Massachusetts, has developed smart, wireless technology for sensing electromyographic signals to map motor nerve activity in"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-36", "JSC-SO-36", "Packaged Food", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "After studies found that many elderly persons don't eat adequately because they can't afford to, they have limited mobility, or they just don't bother, Innovated Foods, Inc. and JSC developed shelf-stable foods processed and packaged for home preparation with minimum effort. Various food-processing "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-360", "JSC-SO-360", "Competitors Cooperate to Ensure Safety", "", "JSC", "Bombardier, with U.S. headquarters in Wichita, Kansas, is one of many aircraft manufacturers that license NASA’s fracture-mechanics software to design planes with optimal strength and weight and write repairs and maintenance schedules, ensuring their safety."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-361", "JSC-SO-361", "More Reliable Power to the People", "public safety", "JSC", "Siemens Energy, whose U.S. headquarters is in Orlando, Florida, licenses NASA’s fracture-mechanics software and helped modify it for gas turbine manufacturers. Siemens uses the program to design safe, huge, high-temperature turbines powering electrical grids."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-362", "JSC-SO-362", "Space-Saving Exploration", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Putting the “fun” into functional campers is what Taxa Outdoors Inc. of Houston does using the know-how of a former NASA employee. Design principles developed at Johnson Space Center for living quarters in space helped the company design five trailers that maximize space to include everything a camp"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-363", "JSC-SO-363", "NASA’s Moon Shot Launched Commercial Fuel Cell Industry", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "The first practical fuel cells were developed for Johnson Space Center in preparation for NASA’s Apollo missions because batteries would have weighed too much. The group that produced these and subsequent NASA fuel cells is now called HyAxiom Inc. and sells commercial fuel cells to power buildings a"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-364", "JSC-SO-364", "Concentrating on Microbes", "health and medicine", "JSC", "SBIR funding for InnovaPrep LLC of Drexel, Missouri, led to a bioconcentration system for testing air and water quality on the space station and improved the company’s commercial technology. The funding and requirements from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory spurred better manufacturing, performance, re"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-365", "JSC-SO-365", "NASA Helps Make Connections in Air and Space", "computer technology", "JSC", "When Johnson Space Center needed an Ethernet switch on the Orion capsule to manage data the spacecraft beams back to Earth, DornerWorks Ltd. of Grand Rapids, Michigan, was subcontracted to construct a spaceworthy piece of hardware. The company now licenses this switching technology to other firms fo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-366", "JSC-SO-366", "Eco-Friendly Bio Breaks", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "American Innotek Inc. took a polymer utilized in undergarments developed at Johnson Space Center to manage human waste on spacewalks and incorporated it into a bag for use on the go. Sold under the brand Cleanwaste, these products allow campers and hikers to use the restroom anywhere, preventing pol"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-367", "JSC-SO-367", "Fixing ‘Thermal Incompatibility’ in the Bedroom", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "In the 1980s, Johnson Space Center explored using phase-change materials use in spacesuits. Funding via a Small Business Innovation Research contract resulted in a commercial textile product called Outlast. Global Web Horizons LLC of Arvada, Colorado, doing business as Slumber Cloud, now incorporate"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-368", "JSC-SO-368", "NASA Ingredients for Industrial Expedience", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "When Johnson Space Center wanted to explore ways of cooking food for long term habitation in deep space, Induction Food Systems Inc. of Durham, North Carolina received Small Business Innovation Research funding to explore the use of induction heating in this application."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-369", "JSC-SO-369", "Medical-Grade Smartwatch Can Monitor Astronauts, Patients", "health and medicine", "JSC", "A research consortium backed by Johnson Space Center funded the development of a wearable device that could monitor the vital signs and activities of astronauts in space or participants in ground-based NASA studies. The EmbracePlus from Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Empatica Inc. can also monitor o"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-37", "JSC-SO-37", "Warm Hands and Feet", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Comfort Products, Inc. was responsible for the cold weather glove and thermal boots, adapted from a spacesuit design that kept astronauts warm or cool in the temperature extremes of the Apollo Moon Mission. Gloves and boots are thermally heated. Batteries are worn inside wrist of glove or sealed in "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-370", "JSC-SO-370", "Better Data for Bodies in Motion", "computer technology", "JSC", "To discover why astronauts returning to Earth frequently experience head and neck injuries, Johnson Space Center awarded Diversified Technical Systems of Seal Beach, California, SBIR contracts to miniaturize an acceleration data recorder. It’s now used in safety testing for parachute drops, cars, dr"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-371", "JSC-SO-371", "Coral Expertise Finds Broad Application", "computer technology", "JSC", "Miami-based HySpeed Computing offers remote sensing services using code the company’s founder developed under funding from NASA Headquarters as a graduate student studying coral reefs."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-373", "JSC-SO-373", "NASA Sets Standard for Nutritional Health Products", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Houston-based Nugevity is a restructured version of the company AmeriSciences, which worked with Johnson Space Center to develop dietary supplements for astronauts and then commercialized the results, both in terms of formulas and quality control standards. Nugevity has continued to expand that prod"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-374", "JSC-SO-374", "From Cockpit Controls to Dashboard Data", "computer technology", "JSC", "When NASA’s Johnson Space Center and Ames Research Center needed a method of building computer interfaces, The DiSTI Corporation of Orlando, Florida adapted its software to meet NASA’s requirements. These features developed for NASA were then incorporated into the company’s commercial product, where"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-375", "JSC-SO-375", "Cosmic Experiments Make Cosmetic Nutrients", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The Rotary Cell Culture System invented by researchers at Johnson Space Center lets cells grow faster and healthier than they would in a dish. Brand Labs USA of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, uses secretions from plant stem cells grown in the devices to produce nutrient-rich skin care products."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-376", "JSC-SO-376", "Innovation Comes Out of the Wool Work", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "To ensure firefighting equipment would have enough filtration to keep astronauts safe on the Orion spacecraft, Johnson Space Center turned to Auckland, New Zealand-based Lanaco to make improved air filters, now used to protect people from particulates in industrial and hospital environments."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-377", "JSC-SO-377", "Cutting-Edge Computing Goes Spaceborne", "computer technology", "JSC", "Hewlett Packard Enterprise of Spring, Texas, worked with Ames Research Center to send a computer to space that was radiation-hardened with software. Now the approach is making fast, low-cost radiation hardening available to commercial space companies, allowing the use of cutting-edge computers in sp"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-378", "JSC-SO-378", "Out-of-This-World Organs", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Heart tissue, knee cartilage, and pharmaceutical crystals have been cultivated in space using Jacksonville, Florida-based Redwire’s ADSEP shelving unit, which was developed for and has been improved by NASA, including through Johnson Space Center funding."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-379", "JSC-SO-379", "Living Off Our Moon", "transportation", "JSC", "Decades of data that Johnson Space Center has used to identify the possible location of water ice and minerals on the Moon also powers Lunar Station’s analysis of in-situ resources to support mission planning. The Cambridge, Massachusetts-based company can also analyze radiation risk for landers and"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-38", "JSC-SO-38", "Handheld Searchlight", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Streamlite Inc. reengineered the NASA searchlight for commercial use. The brightest hand-held light yet produced is result of Xenon-arc lights developed as solar simulators at Johnson Space Center. Intense battery powered searchlight is rated a million candlepower - 50 times brighter than high beam "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-380", "JSC-SO-380", "NASA-Derived Textiles Go on Tour", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "To improve temperature-regulating materials for spacesuits, Johnson Space Center provided Small Business Innovation Research funding that resulted in a way to infuse phase-change materials into cloth, commercialized under the name Outlast. Today, Ekoï of Fréjus, France, makes cycling gear with Outla"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-381", "JSC-SO-381", "Robots in the Operating Room", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Virtual Incision of Lincoln, Nebraska, used funding from Johnson Space Center to develop a mini surgical robot that’s now authorized for colectomies. A version of the device designed for space successfully performed a demonstration on the International Space Station."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-382", "JSC-SO-382", "Simulations That Are Positively Radiant", "computer technology", "JSC", "To develop radiation sensors for deep space missions, Johnson Space Center provided Small Business Innovation Research funding to Tech-X Corporation in Boulder, Colorado, to design software that reliably simulates how radiation travels, which is useful for commercial space, industrial manufacturing,"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-383", "JSC-SO-383", "The Impact of Space Junk", "computer technology", "JSC", "A Debris Assessment Software license helps Toronto-based Kepler Communications test a virtual copy of its satellites, verifying the effectiveness of the planned deorbit scenario required by federal agencies worldwide. NASA’s Johnson Space Center continually updates the program to protect property an"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-384", "JSC-SO-384", "Lunar Gardening Tech Now Grows Ingredients for Health, Beauty Products", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "Barbara Belvisi founded Interstellar Lab, whose U.S. office is in Merritt Island, Florida, while consulting with experts at Ames Research Center. Her early designs became the Earth-based BioPod for precision agriculture before going on to inform NuCLEUS, in-space farming tech that won NASA’s Deep Sp"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-385", "JSC-SO-385", "For Battery Safety, KULR Heads Prevail", "public safety", "JSC", "KULR Technology Group, based in Webster, Texas, has leveraged technology licensed from Johnson Space Center, earlier work done for the agency, and the long NASA experience of its chief technology officer to develop products and testing services around lithium-ion battery safety."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-386", "JSC-SO-386", "Boosting Bone Health", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Because astronauts can lose bone density on long-duration missions, Johnson Space Center conducts research on bone loss. Data provided by NASA-funded research helped Osteoboost Health of Redwood City, California, develop Osteoboost, a new FDA-approved device that treats early-stage bone loss."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-387", "JSC-SO-387", "Humanoid Robots Assist Assembly Lines", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "A humanoid robot from Austin, Texas-based Apptronik is the result of numerous collaborations with Johnson Space Center, including SBIR contracts. The Apollo robot is currently working in factories on Earth."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-388", "JSC-SO-388", "Machines from Mars Make Beer Bubbly", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Earthly Labs of Austin, Texas, now part of Chart Industries, built small-scale carbon-capture technology based on a license from Pioneer Energy. Pioneer had developed the technology based on work the company’s founder did for Johnson Space Center to enable the separation and combination of elements "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-389", "JSC-SO-389", "Mission: Home", "industrial productivity", "JSC", "After 3D printing a model Martian habitat at Johnson Space Center, ICON built a 100-home community outside of Austin, Texas, where the company is headquartered."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-39", "JSC-SO-39", "Joy of a Joystick", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "With Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems as the prime contractor, ThrustMaster, Inc., developed shuttle controls for NASA's Shuttle simulators. ThrustMaster developed an authentic and operational reproduction of the Rotational Hand Controller used to control the space shuttle. It will also be used "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-4", "JSC-SO-4", "Security System Software", "public safety", "JSC", "C Language Integration Production System (CLIPS), a NASA-developed expert systems program, has enabled a security systems manufacturer to design a new generation of hardware. C.CURESystem 1 Plus, manufactured by Software House, is a software based system that is used with a variety of access control"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-40", "JSC-SO-40", "Beating Back Bacteria", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Under a NASA-Johnson Space Center contract, Umpqua Research developed the MCV Iodinated resin used for water purification systems aboard space missions. Using this resin, MRLB International, Inc., developed and commercialized the Dentapure purification cartridge used by dentists nationwide."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-42", "JSC-SO-42", "Mining Marketing Data", "computer technology", "JSC", "MarketMinerR Products, a line of automated marketing analysis tools manufactured by MarketMiner, Inc., can benefit organizations that perform significant amounts of direct marketing. MarketMiner received a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from NASA's Johnson Space Center to develop"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-43", "JSC-SO-43", "Solving Problems With SINDA/FLUINT", "computer technology", "JSC", "SINDA/FLUINT, the NASA standard software system for thermohydraulic analysis, provides computational simulation of interacting thermal and fluid effects in designs modeled as heat transfer and fluid flow networks. It is used to design and analyze aerospace systems. The product saves time and money b"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-44", "JSC-SO-44", "Space-Age Shades", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Silhouette's Titan Minimal Art frames possess a super elasticity that ensures a slip-free fit for wearing comfort, without causing irritating pressure points. The titanium alloy used in the frames also prevents allergic reactions. This technology is available to both NASA astronauts and public consu"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-45", "JSC-SO-45", "Wrap-around Worlds", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Flogiston Corporation was included in Spinoff 1992 for its stress reducing chair based on data from NASA's Anthropometric Source Book. Now, under a NASA SBIR, Flogiston developed a new form of immersion in virtual and video spaces called Neutral Immersion. The technology is called Flostation and is "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-46", "JSC-SO-46", "Design Graphics", "computer technology", "JSC", "A mathematician, David R. Hedgley, Jr. developed a computer program that considers whether a line in a graphic model of a three-dimensional object should or should not be visible. Known as the Hidden Line Computer Code, the program automatically removes superfluous lines and displays an object from "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-47", "JSC-SO-47", "Database Management System", "computer technology", "JSC", "In 1981 Wayne Erickson founded Microrim, Inc, a company originally focused on marketing a microcomputer version of RIM (Relational Information Manager). Dennis Comfort joined the firm and is now vice president, development. The team developed an advanced spinoff from the NASA system they had origina"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-48", "JSC-SO-48", "Water Purifier", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The Floatron water purifier combines two space technologies - ionization for water purification and solar electric power generation. The water purification process involves introducing ionized minerals that kill microorganisms like algae and bacteria. The 12 inch unit floats in a pool while its sola"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-49", "JSC-SO-49", "Better Physician's 'Black Bags'", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The black bag\" is outgrowth of astronaut monitoring technology from NASA's Johnson Space Center. Technically known as the portable medical status system a highly advanced physician's \"black bag\" weighs less than 30 pounds yet contains equipment for monitoring and recording vital signs electrocardiog"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-5", "JSC-SO-5", "A New Frontier for Cardiac Monitoring", "health and medicine", "JSC", "CardioDynamics International Corporation (CDIC) has created the BioZR System through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) award from Johnson Space Center, providing patients and physicians with a cost-effective and highly accurate monitoring system.The BioZ non-invasive heart monitor is based"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-50", "JSC-SO-50", "Mobile Health Unit", "health and medicine", "JSC", "People in remote areas benefit from a system that enables a physician to help patients separated by great distances from his own physical location. Key feature of STARPAHC (Space Technology Applied to Rural Papago Health Care), is Mobile Health Unit, a medical facility on wheels which visits the vil"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-51", "JSC-SO-51", "Quartz Crystal Clocks", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "General Time Corporation, under contract to NASA, developed a quartz crystal for obtaining a stable time base from which all mission times could be derived. This later became basis of consumer clocks and watches with accuracy of one minute a year, watches useful in timing sports events as well as ge"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-52", "JSC-SO-52", "Sit Up Straight", "health and medicine", "JSC", "BioMetric Systems has an exclusive license to the Posture Video Analysis Tool (PVAT) developed at Johnson Space Center. PVAT uses videos from Space Shuttle flights to identify limiting posture and other human factors in the workplace that could be limiting. The software also provides data that recom"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-53", "JSC-SO-53", "Foam: The “Right Stuff” for Extreme Environments", "transportation", "JSC", "Imi-Tech Corporation, in cooperation with Johnson Space Center, introduced the Solimide AC-500 series of polyimide foam products designed to meet the needs of the aircraft/aerospace industry. These foams accommodate the requirements of state-of-the-art insulation systems. Solimide polyimide foams ar"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-54", "JSC-SO-54", "Eating on Demand", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Under subcontract to McDonnell-Douglas Corporation, Enersyst Development Center developed air impingement technology through oven designs for NASA's Space Station Freedom. Jets of hot air at the top and bottom of the oven are focused on the food, rather than heating the oven cavity as in a tradition"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-55", "JSC-SO-55", "Every Breath You Take", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "As a result of SBIR work for Johnson Space Center, KSE, Inc., developed a photocatalytic Adsorption-Integrated-Reaction (AIR) air purification process originally used for air revitalization in life support systems during extended space operations. A unit has been purchased by a commercial customer f"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-56", "JSC-SO-56", "Medical Practice Makes Perfect", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Cedaron Medical Inc., was founded in 1990 as a result of a NASA SBIR grant from Johnson Space Center to develop a Hand & Testing Exercise Unit for use in space. From that research came Dexter, a comprehensive workstation that creates a paperless environment for medical data management."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-57", "JSC-SO-57", "Faster Finances", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "TRW has applied the Apollo checkout procedures to retail-store and bank-transaction systems, as well as to control systems for electric power transmission grids -- reducing the chance of power blackouts. Automatic checkout equipment for Apollo Spacecraft is one of the most complex computer systems i"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-58", "JSC-SO-58", "Respiratory Distress", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The University of Miami School of Medicine asked the Research Triangle Institute for assistance in improvising the negative pressure technique to relieve respiratory distress in infants. Marshall Space Flight Center and Johnson Space Center engineers adapted this idea to the lower-body negative-pres"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-59", "JSC-SO-59", "Biological Isolation Garment", "health and medicine", "JSC", "A spinoff of astronaut's biological garment will allow hospital patients who are highly vulnerable to infection to leave their sterile habitats for several hours, carrying their germ free environment with them. Garments can be used in any of some 200 hospitals where isolation rooms are installed to "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-6", "JSC-SO-6", "Good Enough for the X-38, but Made for Commercial Aircraft", "public safety", "JSC", "Aircraft Belts, Inc. (ABI), of Kemah, Texas, was looking for a way to ensure the safety of its customers by developing a thorough test system for aviation restraint systems. Previous safety restraint test methods did not properly measure the load distribution placed on the restraints, leaving an unk"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-60", "JSC-SO-60", "Rechargeable Electric Footwarmers", "consumer home recreation", "JSC", "NASA technology in protective clothing for astronauts is finding new application in line of outdoor gear produced by Comfort Products, Inc. Company supplies leading ski boot manufacturers with built-in rechargeable electric footwarmers. Therma Flex, a woven mesh material designed to allow air to flo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-61", "JSC-SO-61", "Spinoff for Survival (Rafts)", "public safety", "JSC", "Givens Buoy Raft, the basic model of which has a capacity of four to six persons, was designed to respond to hazardous waters. Design eliminates conventional limited ballast water bags. In their stead is one large hemisphere-shaped underwater ballast chamber which provides exceptional stability. Cha"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-62", "JSC-SO-62", "Meals for the Elderly", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "The aim of Skylab's multi-agency cooperative project was to make simple but nutritious space meals available to handicapped and otherwise homebound senior adults, unable to take advantage of existing meal programs sponsored by federal, state and private organizations. As a spinoff of Meal Systems fo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-63", "JSC-SO-63", "Space Suit (Mobil Biological Isolation)", "health and medicine", "JSC", "A Houston 5-year-old is receiving a space suit a vitally important gift that will give him mobility he has never known. He was born without natural body defenses against disease; germs that have little or no effect on most people could cause his death. He has spent his whole life in hospital germ-fr"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-64", "JSC-SO-64", "Emergency Lighting", "public safety", "JSC", "UDEC's multi-mode electronic systems are designed for plant emergency and supplemental use, such as night lighting, an always on\" stairwell light and illuminated exit signs. Multi-mode system originating from the Skylab and Apollo includes long life fluorescent lamps operated by electronic circuitry"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-65", "JSC-SO-65", "Meals for the Elderly", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Meal system for the elderly is a cooperative program which is utilized to improve the nutritional status of elderly people using experience NASA gained in the manned space projects. Program seeks to fill gap by supplying nutritionally balanced food packages to elderly who are unable to participate i"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-66", "JSC-SO-66", "A New Tool for the Hospital Lab", "health and medicine", "JSC", "AutoMicrobic System, marketed by Vitek Systems, Inc., is automatic time saving system for detecting and identifying disease producing microorganisms in the human body. Specimens are exposed to microbe nutrients for the nine most common pathogens. During a 4 to 13 hour incubating cycle, an electro-op"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-67", "JSC-SO-67", "Moon Technology for a New Artform", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Howard Sochurek, Inc. manufactured the electronic palette which is used to create extraordinary visual effects. Video computer equipment converts ordinary photographs into spectacular graphic designs or electronic paintings.\" Technique is based on image enhancement process originally developed for J"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-68", "JSC-SO-68", "Hydrogen Generator", "public safety", "JSC", "Developed under a NASA contract, the portable hydrogen generator is an aid to safer operation of systems that use hydrogen. Generator eliminates need for high- pressure hydrogen storage bottles which can be a safety hazard in laboratories, hospitals and industrial plants. Unit supplies high purity h"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-69", "JSC-SO-69", "Hearing Aid Tester", "health and medicine", "JSC", "H.H. Aerospace Design Co., Inc. incorporated NASA technology into the development of the Hearing Aid Malfunction Detection Unit (HAMDU). Hearing aids often develop malfunctions that are not detected by the wearer. The HAMDU is expected to provide an effective countermeasure to children's hearing aid"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-7", "JSC-SO-7", "Software Surrogate", "computer technology", "JSC", "In 1994, Blackboard Technology received a NASA Phase I SBIR award entitled A Blackboard-Based Framework for Mixed-Initiative Crewed-Space-System Applications. This research continued in Phase II at JSC where a generic architecture was developed in which a software surrogate serves as the operator's "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-70", "JSC-SO-70", "Body-Building Boons from Apollo", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Normal methods of exercise were not applicable in space, due to weightlessness and limited space, Johnson Space Center developed the Exergenie.\" Device weighs less than two pounds and takes up very little room yet permits a wide range of resistive exercises such as isometrics and isotonics but with "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-71", "JSC-SO-71", "Trash Compactor", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Nelson & Johnson Engineering, Inc., have made it possible for operators of boats and recreational vehicles can now use new trash compactor that needs no electrical power. Simulated from the space shuttle orbiter, this device has hand operated ratchets which drive a pressure plate to crush material i"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-72", "JSC-SO-72", "Technology for Transportation Safety", "public safety", "JSC", "Boston Insulated Wire & Cable developed a new polyimide foam material, commercially known as Solimide, which resists ignition. It chars and decomposes when exposed to open flames. Used in the space shuttle, the material does not \"outgas\" until it begins to char making it safer than current materials"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-73", "JSC-SO-73", "Vibration-Resistant Fastener", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "An engineer at Philips Broadband Networks (PBN) tested the Spiralock thread based on information he found in NASA Tech Briefs. After testing the product, PBN began to use it in most of its products, eliminating an installation problem and reducing production costs. Spiralock, manufactured by Detroit"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-74", "JSC-SO-74", "Tunable Smoke Detector*", "consumer home recreation", "JSC", "Honeywell AC/Battery Backup Smoke and Fire Detector normally operates on home electrical current but also has a continuously self-recharging nickel-cadmium battery which automatically takes over if home power fails. An ionization chamber senses incipient combustion and actuates an alarm horn which e"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-75", "JSC-SO-75", "Safe Handling Practices", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "In 1977 Compugraphic Corporation was experiencing an unacceptable failure rate on microelectronic chips. Company engineers suspected that static electricity was causing the trouble because some electronic components are highly susceptible to damage by electrostatic charge. From a NASA Tech Brief, th"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-76", "JSC-SO-76", "Noise Protection", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "Environmental Health Systems puts forth an increasing effort in the U.S. to develop ways of controlling noise, particularly in industrial environments due to Federal and State laws, labor union insistence and new findings relative to noise pollution impact on human health. NASA's Apollo guidance con"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-77", "JSC-SO-77", "Robotic Sow", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "In swine farming 15 to 25 percent of piglets die before weaning, and that poses a serious economic problem for hog producers. Sometimes a sow will accidentally crush her piglets or she will reject or abuse a piglet. Frequently a litter is oversized and the sow cannot accommodate all her piglets for "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-78", "JSC-SO-78", "Intelligent Tutor", "", "JSC", "NASA also seeks to advance American education by employing the technology utilization process to develop a computerized, artificial intelligence-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) to help high school and college physics students. The tutoring system is designed for use with the lecture and labo"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-79", "JSC-SO-79", "Forestry Vehicle", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Power Pack II provides an economical means of moving a power source into remote roadless forest areas. It was developed by Prof. Miles and his associates, working in cooperation with the University of California's Department of Forestry. The team combined its own design of an all-terrain vehicle wit"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-8", "JSC-SO-8", "Versatile Vials", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. (AFR) developed a new sol-gel material coating for sample vials to be used in surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectroscopy. In the fields of biomedical and forensic science, the coated vials are used to identify physiological chemicals present in blood and urine. The vials "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-80", "JSC-SO-80", "Thermal Clothing", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Gateway Technologies, Inc. is marketing and developing textile insulation technology originally developed by Triangle Research and Development Corporation. The enhanced thermal insulation stems from Small Business Innovation Research contracts from NASA's Johnson Space Center and the U.S. Air Force."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-81", "JSC-SO-81", "Laser Wire Stripper", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "NASA developed space shuttle technology is used in a laser wire stripper designed by Raytheon Company. Laser beam cuts through insulation on a wire without damaging conductive metal, because laser radiation that melts plastic insulation is reflected by the metal. Laser process is fast, clean, precis"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-82", "JSC-SO-82", "Contamination Control", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "Upjohn Company sought a solution to their problem of potential particulate contamination of sterile injectable drugs. Contamination was caused by dust particles attracted by static electrical charge, which clung to plastic curtains in clean rooms. Upjohn found guidance in NASA Tech Briefs which prov"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-83", "JSC-SO-83", "Construction Equipment", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "JSC", "FMC Corporation conducts extensive proof lift tests and computerized analysis to insure that the cranes can lift rated capacity loads up to one million pounds in a wide range of applications. In their analysis work, engineers makes use of a computer program supplied by COSMIC. Called Analysis of Bea"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-84", "JSC-SO-84", "Hydrogen Generator", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "A unit for producing hydrogen on site is used by a New Jersey Electric Company. The hydrogen is used as a coolant for the station's large generator; on-site production eliminates the need for weekly hydrogen deliveries. High purity hydrogen is generated by water electrolysis. The electrolyte is soli"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-85", "JSC-SO-85", "New Equipment for Mine Safety", "public safety", "JSC", "While planning for the space shuttle, Bendix Corporation with the help of Johnson Space Center expanded the anthropometric data base for aerospace and nonaerospace use in clothing, workplace, etc. The result was the Anthropometric Source Book which was later utilized by the U.S. Bureau of Mines in d"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-86", "JSC-SO-86", "High Intensity Lights", "public safety", "JSC", "Xenon arc lamps developed during the Apollo program by Streamlight, Inc. are the basis for commercial flashlights and emergency handlights. These are some of the brightest portable lights made. They throw a light some 50 times brighter than automobile high beams and are primarily used by police and "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-87", "JSC-SO-87", "Heart Monitor", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Monitor One, a portable computer cardiac system, is marketed by Q-Med, Inc. The electrodes used are the same as those used to monitor astronaut heart action."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-88", "JSC-SO-88", "Microbe Detector", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Under NASA contracts, McDonnell Douglas developed a microbial load monitor to detect bacterial contamination. Vitek Systems, Inc., a subsidiary, was created to commercialize the product for analyzing body fluids. With the AutoMicrobic System, infections may be treated more quickly. The process invol"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-89", "JSC-SO-89", "Critical Care Dialysis System", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Organon Teknika Corporation's REDY 2000 dialysis machine employs technology originally developed under NASA contract by Marquardt Corporation. The chemical process developed during the project could be applied to removing toxic waste from used dialysis fluid. This discovery led to the development of"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-9", "JSC-SO-9", "Think Tanks", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "A new inspection robot from Solex Robotics Systems was designed to eliminate hazardous inspections of petroleum and chemical storage tanks. The submersible robot, named Maverick, is used to inspect the bottoms of tanks, keeping the tanks operational during inspection. Maverick is able to provide ser"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-90", "JSC-SO-90", "Medical Training Aid", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Dr. Steven S. Saliterman developed his Dynacath Critical Care Patient Simulator as a training system for medical personnel involved in critical care management and hemodynamic monitoring. The system incorporates NASA simulation technology and allows hospitals and medical manufacturers to conduct tra"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-91", "JSC-SO-91", "Stress Reducing Chair", "health and medicine", "JSC", "The Flogiston Chair incorporates NASA human factors in spacecraft design technology as well as information from NASA's Anthropometric Source Book. Designed by Brian V. Park, it provides a close approximation of the natural position a body assumes in weightless space. Its principal markets are inform"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-92", "JSC-SO-92", "Heart Rate Monitors", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "Under a NASA grant, Dr. Robert M. Davis and Dr. William M. Portnoy came up with a new type of electrocardiographic electrode that would enable long term use on astronauts. Their invention was an insulated capacitive electrode constructed of a thin dielectric film. NASA subsequently licensed the elec"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-93", "JSC-SO-93", "Blood Pressure Control", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Engineering Development Lab., Inc.'s E-2000 Neck Baro Reflex System was developed for cardiovascular studies of astronauts. It is regularly used on Space Shuttle Missions, and a parallel version has been developed as a research tool to facilitate studies of blood pressure reflex controls in patients"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-94", "JSC-SO-94", "Securing Safety with Sensors", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "The Robot Systems Technology Branch at Johnson Space Center collaborated with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to design Robonaut, a humanoid robot developed to assist astronauts. Using Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding, Astro Technology, Inc., developed the Fib"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-95", "JSC-SO-95", "Heart Rate Monitor", "health and medicine", "JSC", "In the mid 70's, NASA saw a need for a long term lectrocardiographic electrode suitable for use on astronauts. Heart Rate Inc.'s insulated capacitive electrode is constructed of thin dielectric film applied to stainless steel surface, originally developed under a grant by Texas Technical University."], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-96", "JSC-SO-96", "Ingestible Toothpaste", "health and medicine", "JSC", "Developed by Dr. Ira L. Shannon, dental consultant to Johnson Space Center associates with Oral Disease Research Lab of Virginia Hospital in Houston, TX. Toothpaste is foamless and can be swallowed after use, making it practical for zero-gravity environment of space. Also has applications with certa"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-97", "JSC-SO-97", "Subsurface Mapping", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Target areas for sinking base holes, underground pipelines, etc., can be identified with the assistance of NASA Ames developed technology, by Airborne Pipeline Services, Inc. Subsurface features are computer processed; the system can cover 250 miles a day and was first developed by Applied Science, "], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-98", "JSC-SO-98", "Space Chambers for Crop Treatment", "environment and resource management", "JSC", "Vacuum chambers, operated by McDonnell Douglas Corporation to test spacecraft, can also be used to dry water-soaked records. The drying temperature is low enough to allow paper to dry without curling or charging. Agricultural crops may also be dried using a spinoff system called MIVAC, which has pro"], ["spinoff", "JSC-SO-99", "JSC-SO-99", "The Best Workout on Earth, and in Space", "consumer/home/recreation", "JSC", "SpiraFlexR is a revolutionary new patented technology for storing and delivering mechanical power in industrial, consumer, and fitness equipment. NASA research facilities and funding helped to develop the Resistance Exercise Device\" (RED) powered by SpiraFlex. SpiraFlex duplicates the benefits of fr"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-1", "KSC-SO-1", "Apparel for Cleaner Clean Rooms", "health and medicine", "KSC", "In the 1960's NASA pioneered contamination control technology, providing a base from which aerospace contractors could develop control measures. NASA conducted special courses for clean room technicians and supervisors, and published a series of handbooks with input from various NASA field centers. "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-100", "KSC-SO-100", "X-ray Device Makes Scrubbing Rugs Clean a Spotless Effort", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "An X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sensor utilized by NASA to conduct quality control for critical aluminum alloy parts destined for the space shuttle has found another use as a tool that can measure how much soil is removed from household and commercial carpets. This breakthrough came courtesy of NASA and"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-101", "KSC-SO-101", "Discovering New Drugs on the Cellular Level", "health and medicine", "KSC", "From 1993 to 1997, Biolog received Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts work with NASA in developing two technologies that are now in use by Biolog customers worldwide. The first technology, based on the company's pre-existing assay kits, was a process created to monitor populations o"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-102", "KSC-SO-102", "A Search Engine That’s Aware of Your Needs", "computer technology", "KSC", "NASA funded Stottler Henke, Inc., of San Mateo, California, a cutting-edge software company, with a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract to develop the Aware software for searching through the vast stores of online knowledge quickly and efficiently. Stottler Henke's Aware software help"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-104", "KSC-SO-104", "Fault-Detection Tool Has Companies ‘Mining’ Own Business", "computer technology", "KSC", "Since 1981, SSME faults have caused 23 scrubbed launches and 29 percent of total Space Shuttle downtime, according to a compilation of analysis reports. The most serious cases typically occur in the last few seconds before ignition; a launch scrub that late in the countdown usually means a period of"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-105", "KSC-SO-105", "Low-Pressure Generator Makes Cleanrooms Cleaner", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Scientists at Kennedy developed a technique and equipment to perform qualification testing on new low-differential pressure transducers for cleanrooms in an accurate, cost-effective manner onsite. They used the Setra Model C264 as the test transducer. For qualification testing of the Setra, though, "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-106", "KSC-SO-106", "Fighting Corrosion", "public safety", "KSC", "Reinforced concrete structures such as bridges, parking decks, and balconies are designed to have a service life of over 50 years. Many structures fall short of this goal due to the corrosion of reinforced steel within the concrete infrastructure. Such corrosion is a particularly dangerous problem f"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-107", "KSC-SO-107", "Treatment Prevents Corrosion in Steel and Concrete Structures", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "In the mid-1990s, to protect rebar from corrosion, NASA developed an electromigration technique that sends corrosion-inhibiting ions into rebar to prevent rust, corrosion, and separation from the surrounding concrete. Kennedy Space Center worked with Surtreat Holding LLC, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-108", "KSC-SO-108", "Scheduling Software for Complex Scenarios", "computer technology", "KSC", "To resolve complex, mission-critical scheduling issues and predict possible problem areas, NASA historically relied upon expert human schedulers who used their judgment and experience to determine where things should happen, whether they will happen on time, and whether the requested resources are t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-109", "KSC-SO-109", "Thermal Insulation Strips Conserve Energy", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Flexible aerogel technology developed by Aspen Aerogels, of Northborough, Massachusetts, under SBIR contracts with Kennedy Space Center is now being employed in a building insulation application by Tampa, Florida-based Acoustiblok Inc. The company's Thermablok flexible aerogel strips-easy-to-install"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-11", "KSC-SO-11", "Gas Sensor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "KSC", "High Technology Sensors, Inc.'s Model SS-250 carbon dioxide detector uses a patented semiconductor optical source that efficiently creates infrared radiation, which is focused through an airway on a detector. Carbon dioxide passing through the airway absorbs the radiation causing the detector to gen"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-110", "KSC-SO-110", "Telemetry Boards Interpret Rocket, Airplane Engine Data", "computer technology", "KSC", "Through a Space Act Agreement with Kennedy Space Center, telemetry innovator Ulyssix Technologies Inc., of Frederick, Maryland, is furthering its long-standing NASA relationship and expanding its commercial telemetry expertise. Ulyssix's telemetry hardware like its TarsusPCM processing board-used by"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-111", "KSC-SO-111", "Gauging Systems Monitor Cryogenic Liquids", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "With SBIR awards from Kennedy Space Center, Sierra Lobo Inc. (SLI), based in Fremont, Ohio, developed the Cryo-Tracker Mass Gauging System (Cryo-Tracker MGS). The Cryo-Tracker MGS is a three-part system that integrates the use of software, electronics, and the R&D 100\" award-winning Cryo-Tracker pro"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-112", "KSC-SO-112", "Voltage Sensors Monitor Harmful Static", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "A tiny sensor, small enough to be worn on clothing, now monitors voltage changes near sensitive instruments after being created to alert Space Agency workers to dangerous static buildup near fuel operations and avionics. San Diego's Quasar Federal Systems received an SBIR contract from Kennedy Space"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-113", "KSC-SO-113", "Sensors Locate Radio Interference", "transportation", "KSC", "After receiving a NASA SBIR contract from Kennedy Space Center, Soneticom Inc., based in West Melbourne, Florida, created algorithms for time difference of arrival and radio interferometry, which it used in its Lynx Location System (LLS) to locate electromagnetic interference that can disrupt radio "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-114", "KSC-SO-114", "Programs Automate Complex Operations Monitoring", "computer technology", "KSC", "Command and Control Technologies Corporation (CCT), of Titusville, Florida, licensed software created to automate mission-critical applications at the Kennedy Space Center launch complex. The company now applies the same management technologies created for NASA launches to other complex yet critical"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-115", "KSC-SO-115", "Aerogels Insulate Against Extreme Temperatures", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "In 1992, NASA started to pursue the development of aerogel for cryogenic insulation. Kennedy Space Center awarded Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to Aspen Systems Inc., of Marlborough, Massachusetts, that resulted in a new manufacturing process and a new flexible, durable, easy-t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-116", "KSC-SO-116", "Systems Analyze Water Quality in Real Time", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "A water analyzer developed under Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Kennedy Space Center now monitors treatment processes at water and wastewater facilities around the world. Originally designed to provide real-time detection of nutrient levels in hydroponic solutions for growi"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-118", "KSC-SO-118", "LED Systems Target Plant Growth", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "To help develop technologies for growing edible biomass (food crops) in space, Kennedy Space Center partnered with Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBITEC), of Madison, Wisconsin, through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. One result of this research was the High Efficiency Lig"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-119", "KSC-SO-119", "Lightweight Material Patches Allow for Quick Repairs", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Cornerstone Research Group Inc., of Dayton, Ohio, has been the recipient of 16 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with NASA with a variety of different focuses, including projects like creating inflatable structures for radio frequency antennas and, most recently, healable polymer m"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-12", "KSC-SO-12", "Emergency Response Breathing Apparatus", "public safety", "KSC", "Aerospace Design & Development, Inc.'s SCAMP was developed under an SBIR contract through Kennedy Space Center. SCAMP stands for Supercritical Air Mobility Pack. The technology came from the life support fuel cell support systems used for the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs. It uses supercritical "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-120", "KSC-SO-120", "Solutions Remediate Contaminated Groundwater", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "During the Apollo Program, NASA workers used chlorinated solvents to clean rocket engine components at launch sites. These solvents, known as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, had contaminated launch facilities to the point of near-irreparability. Dr. Jacqueline Quinn and Dr. Kathleen Brooks Loftin o"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-121", "KSC-SO-121", "Computer Models Simulate Fine Particle Dispersion", "computer technology", "KSC", "Through a NASA Seed Fund partnership with DEM Solutions Inc., of Lebanon, New Hampshire, scientists at Kennedy Space Center refined existing software to study the electrostatic phenomena of granular and bulk materials as they apply to planetary surfaces. The software, EDEM, allows users to import pa"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-122", "KSC-SO-122", "Mass Analyzers Facilitate Research on Addiction", "health and medicine", "KSC", "To enhance the technology that monitored hydrogen and oxygen levels in the orbiter while on the launch pad, Kennedy Space Center awarded an SBIR contract to Houston-based Ionwerks Inc. After the SBIR, Ionwerks incorporated many of the innovations into its commercial laser imaging spectrometer. Today"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-123", "KSC-SO-123", "Modified Fittings Enhance Industrial Safety", "public safety", "KSC", "Concerned with the safety of the connections on pressurized air hoses, engineers at Kennedy Space Center modified a fitting to control the air supply hose in the event of an accidental release. An Enid, Oklahoma-based business, PT Coupling Company, licensed the technology and incorporated it into a "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-124", "KSC-SO-124", "Software Programs Derive Measurements from Photographs", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "A scientist at Kennedy Space Center devised a software program to calculate the unknown dimension of objects in photographs to assist in the investigation following the Columbia disaster. In 2008, DigiContractor Corporation of Tarzana, California, licensed the technology for a product line that can "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-125", "KSC-SO-125", "Thermal Components Boost Performance of HVAC Systems", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "A Rockledge, Florida-based company, Mainstream Engineering Corporation, works with NASA to develop advanced thermal control technology for spacecraft. Most recently, Mainstream developed new products, based on SBIR work with Johnson Space Center, that improve air conditioner performance and filtrati"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-126", "KSC-SO-126", "Models Support Energy-Saving Microwave Technologies", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Kennedy awarded SBIR funding to Troy, New York-based Ceralink Inc., to demonstrate a microwave system that could heat lunar soil to over 2,000 F, temperatures to solidify the surface. Ceralink also examined the feasibility of using computer modeling software to simulate microwave heating on a larger"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-127", "KSC-SO-127", "Remediation Technologies Eliminate Contaminants", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center scientists developed a technology called the Activated Metal Treatment System (AMTS) that safely absorbs and breaks down an environmentally hazardous chemical commonly found in older paints. Bio Blend Technologies, based in Cantonment, Florida, licensed AMTS as well as Kennedy_s"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-128", "KSC-SO-128", "Shuttle Repair Tools Automate Vehicle Maintenance", "transportation", "KSC", "When paperwork generated by shuttle repairs got out of hand, Kennedy Space Center developed software that would streamline the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) process. The result was SMART, a tool that automates MRO, cutting repair times by 45 percent. Orlando, Florida-based Diversified Indu"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-129", "KSC-SO-129", "Ultrasonic Detectors Safely Identify Dangerous, Costly Leaks", "public safety", "KSC", "To allow inspectors to scan the space shuttle's hydrogen fuel systems from a safe distance, Kennedy Space Center engineers developed a long-range attachment for an ultrasonic detector. Elmsford, New York-based UE Systems licensed the NASA invention, which allows workers to safely and accurately pinp"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-13", "KSC-SO-13", "Safety on Earth From MARSS", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "ENSCO, Inc., developed the Meteorological and Atmospheric Real-time Safety Support (MARSS) system for real-time assessment of meteorological data displays and toxic material spills. MARSS also provides mock scenarios to guide preparations for emergencies involving meteorological hazards and toxic su"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-130", "KSC-SO-130", "Detectors Ensure Function, Safety of Aircraft Wiring", "public safety", "KSC", "To help inspect electrical bundles and wires on the space shuttle, Pedro Medelius at Kennedy Space Center invented the standing wave reflectometer. Corona, California-based Eclypse International licensed the technology, which is now used on wiring in aircraft, submarines, sea vessels, and helicopter"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-131", "KSC-SO-131", "Terahertz Lasers Reveal Information for 3D Images", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "When Kennedy Space Center started looking for new capabilities to inspect the thermal materials for future space vehicles, it solicited proposals through the STTR program. NASA worked with Boston-based LongWave Photonics LLC on a source of terahertz radiation called the quantum cascade laser (QCL). "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-132", "KSC-SO-132", "Simulation Tools Prevent Signal Interference on Spacecraft", "computer technology", "KSC", "NASA engineers use simulation software to detect and prevent interference between different radio frequency (RF) systems on a rocket and satellite before launch. To speed up the process, Kennedy Space Center awarded SBIR funding to Champaign, Illinois-based Delcross Technologies LLC, which added a d"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-133", "KSC-SO-133", "Virtual Machine Language Controls Remote Devices", "computer technology", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center worked with Blue Sun Enterprises, based in Boulder, Colorado, to enhance the companyճ virtual machine language (VML) to control the instruments on the Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatiles Extraction mission. Now the NASA-improved VML is available for c"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-134", "KSC-SO-134", "Testing Devices Garner Data on Insulation Performance", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "To develop a test instrument that could garner measurements of the thermal performance of insulation under extreme conditions, researchers at Kennedy Space Center devised the Cryostat 1 and then Cryostat 2. McLean, Virginia-based QinetiQ North America licensed the technology and plans to market it t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-135", "KSC-SO-135", "Oxygen Sensors Monitor Bioreactors and Ensure Health and Safety", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "In order to cultivate healthy bacteria in bioreactors, Kennedy Space Center awarded SBIR funding to Needham Heights, Massachusetts-based Polestar Technologies Inc. to develop sensors that could monitor oxygen levels. The result is a sensor now widely used by pharmaceutical companies and medical rese"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-136", "KSC-SO-136", "Cabin Pressure Monitors Notify Pilots to Save Lives", "transportation", "KSC", "In 2013, San Diego-based Aviation Technology Inc. obtained an exclusive license for the technology behind the cabin pressure monitor invented at Kennedy Space Center and built its own version of the product. The Alt Alert is designed to save lives by alerting aircraft pilots and crews when cabin pre"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-137", "KSC-SO-137", "LEDs Illuminate Bulbs for Better Sleep, Wake Cycles", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Life on the International Space Station (ISS) wreaks havoc on an astronaut_s biological rhythms, and one way NASA mitigates the problem is through the use of LED lighting to alternately stimulate energy and focus and induce relaxation. Satellite Beach, Florida-based Lighting Science partnered with K"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-138", "KSC-SO-138", "Low-Cost Sensors Deliver Nanometer-Accurate Measurements", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "As part of a unique partnership program, Kennedy Space Center collaborated with a nearby business school to allow MBA students to examine and analyze the market potential for a selection of NASA-patented technologies. Following the semester, a group of students decided to form Winter Park, Florida-b"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-139", "KSC-SO-139", "Hydrogen Detection Tape Saves Time and Lives", "public safety", "KSC", "During the Space Shuttle Program, NASA relied on liquid hydrogen to fuel rocket launches, but the element_s propensity to leak and its flammability meant miles of pipeline had to be inspected routinely. To make the process more efficient, Kennedy Space Center collaborated with the University of Cent"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-14", "KSC-SO-14", "Portable Inspection", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "The portable SpectroReflectometer, an instrument developed by AZ Technology, Inc. in partnership with NASA's Kennedy Space Center is now being manufactured and sold as a cost-effective solution to the development of scientific space flight hardware. This technology originated with the efforts to det"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-140", "KSC-SO-140", "Primer Stops Corrosion without Requiring Rust Removal", "public safety", "KSC", "In the mid-1990s, Pittsburgh-based Surtreat Inc. developed two corrosion inhibitors that, applied to the surface of concrete, migrated to the rebar inside. The company entered into a Space Act Agreement with Kennedy Space Center, conducting tests that validated the inhibitors as among the most effec"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-141", "KSC-SO-141", "Controlled-Release Fertilizer Takes Root in Fields, Groves Worldwide", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Fertilizer helps crops grow better, but nutrient runoff can lead to serious environmental problems. Ed Rosenthal, founder of Sarasota, Florida-based Florikan, had an idea to control the nutrient release to avoid runoff and maximize the benefit to the plant. He perfected the formula thanks to 40 hour"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-142", "KSC-SO-142", "Data Acquisition System Captures Machine Performance", "computer technology", "KSC", "Under contract with Kennedy Space Center, Wakefield, Rhode Island-based Dewetron delivered a powerful system to monitor performance on the Space Launch System mobile launch platform. The easy-to- use system captures data with one universal signal conditioner—allowing easy analysis across multiple si"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-143", "KSC-SO-143", "Surveillance System Captures, Maps Lightning Strikes", "public safety", "KSC", "Lightning strikes cause critical damage that can delay a launch, so NASA wanted a better system to detect and monitor them near its launch pads. Carlos Mata, then of Kennedy Space Center, built a highly accurate system using sensors and high-speed cameras, and then founded Titusville, Florida-based "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-144", "KSC-SO-144", "Aerogel Insulation Makes Thinner, Warmer Outerwear", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "After a bundled-up trip up a Swiss mountain, Oros co-founder Michael Markesbery wanted to make thinner, more lightweight outerwear. He came across aerogel insulation—first made practical when Aspen Technologies, under SBIR contracts from Kennedy Space Center, infused the brittle material into flexib"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-145", "KSC-SO-145", "High-Efficiency LEDs Grow Crops, Stimulate Alertness", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Two former Kennedy Space Center contractors are using expertise gained from NASA work in LED lighting to benefit agriculture and human health. The two engineers are now vice presidents at BIOS Lighting, based in Melbourne, Florida. The company produces agricultural LED lighting that maximizes effici"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-146", "KSC-SO-146", "Organic Compound Turns Toxic Waste into Harmless Byproducts", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "A team of university researchers discovered that a particular metabolite neutralizes hydrazine, a hazardous chemical often used as rocket propellant. Extensive NASA testing, mostly by Kennedy Space Center, proved the safety of using alpha-ketoglutaric acid to neutralize hydrazine, and after Kennedy "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-147", "KSC-SO-147", "Plant Food for Space Grows Crops on Earth", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Florikan’s controlled-release fertilizers had already benefited from a partnership with Kennedy Space Center that generated a more robust polymer coating when Kennedy again approached the Sarasota, Florida-based company looking for a fertilizer to grow tomatoes in space. Flowering plants required a "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-148", "KSC-SO-148", "Silicon Diode Sensor Tracks Extreme Temperatures", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "It’s important to keep close track of rocket fuel temperatures, which must remain hundreds of degrees below zero. NASA uses special sensors to get the extremely accurate reads it needs at those low temperatures, and West Palm Beach, Florida-based Scientific Instruments Inc. has been supplying them t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-149", "KSC-SO-149", "Shuttle Tire Sensors Warn Drivers of Flat Tires", "transportation", "KSC", "A flat tire can take drivers by surprise. This was something the Space Shuttle engineers at Kennedy Space Center worried about, too. In the 1990s, NASA commissioned a miniature pressure sensor on a silicon chip, powered by a small battery, that alerted pilots if the pressure was low. St. Marys, Penn"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-15", "KSC-SO-15", "Super Clean, Super Safe", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "KSC's Supersonic Gas/Liquid Cleaning System (SS-GLCS) has applications ranging from cleaning circuit boards to scouring building exteriors. The system does not abrade the surface of the hardware being cleaned, and it requires much lower levels of pressure while using very little water. An alternativ"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-150", "KSC-SO-150", "Rocket Design Leads to Turbo-Charged Air Purifier", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "The founders of Wynd didn’t particularly have space exploration on the brain when they built their personal air purifiers. But experience calibrating sensors for launch pads at Kennedy Space Center and designing turbines for rockets at Marshall Space Flight Center proved crucial when designing the s"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-151", "KSC-SO-151", "Space Station Garden Shines Light on Earth-Based Horticulture", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "The new Advanced Plant Habitat on the space station has features its predecessors don’t, including the ability to automate “light recipes”—variations in the color, intensity, and time intervals of lighting, which affect how plants grow. The German company OSRAM, whose U.S. headquarters is in Wilming"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-152", "KSC-SO-152", "Collaborative Platform Trains Students in Simulation and Modeling", "computer technology", "KSC", "NASA uses simulations every day to test new ideas and science, saving untold time and money and resulting in improved outcomes. To make it easier to share simulations across centers and teams, engineers at Kennedy Space Center built the Distributed Observer Network, a simulation viewer that works al"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-153", "KSC-SO-153", "Simulated Space Dirt Supports Future Asteroid Mining", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Water is “space gold,” and Deep Space Industries is working on technology to mine it from asteroids. The San Jose, California-based company answered a call from Kennedy Space Center to develop special mixes of dirt and rocks that mimic the surfaces of asteroids to help test equipment. Now the compan"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-154", "KSC-SO-154", "Aerogel Insulations Save Millions in Industrial Applications", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Beginning with two SBIR contracts from Kennedy Space Center, Aspen Systems worked with NASA to develop the first sturdy, practical aerogel insulations. The effort spun off into Northborough, Massachusetts-based Aspen Aerogels, a 300-person company with over $100 million in annual revenue. While the "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-155", "KSC-SO-155", "Environmental Cleanup Courtesy of a NASA Cafeteria Brainstorm", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "NASA created technology that absorbs toxins from sediment and groundwater. EcoSPEARS licensed it and now sells a system that is both cheaper and more effective than traditional cleanups."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-157", "KSC-SO-157", "Circulation-Enhancing Device Improves CPR", "health and medicine", "KSC", "NASA studies on cardiovascular responses and fluid shifts in the body led to collaboration with Advanced Circulatory Systems Inc., to develop the ResQPOD Circulatory Enhancer. This impedance threshold device improves the standard of care provided to patients with a variety of clinical conditions due"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-159", "KSC-SO-159", "Cooling Rocket Fuel and Drinks Alike", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Aerogels are the world’s best insulators, but it took SBIR funding from NASA to turn them into something usable. Now they’re appearing in all kinds of applications, including a water bottle that keeps drinks hot or cold."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-160", "KSC-SO-160", "‘Electronic Nose’ Smells Trouble", "health and medicine", "KSC", "After NASA and the Italian Space Agency sent an “electronic nose” for testing on the space station, its inventors founded Airgloss SRL in Rome and incorporated the technology into an air-quality sensor, which can also calculate the risk of COVID-19 spread in an indoor space."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-161", "KSC-SO-161", "Going for Gold", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "An outdoorsman couldn’t find small, well-insulated pouches to carry little items like batteries in extreme cold, so he founded Cold Case Gear in Pagosa Springs, Colorado, and released a smartphone case this year. The products rely on aerogel insulation first created under NASA SBIR contracts."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-162", "KSC-SO-162", "Keeping Warmer in the Great Outdoors", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "The first aerogel insulations were developed under SBIR contracts from NASA, which was looking to better store cryogenic liquids. Now PrimaLoft of Latham, New York, is building on the technology to bring two new lines to the outdoor apparel market, resulting in products for the coldest conditions."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-163", "KSC-SO-163", "On the Hunt for Better Insulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Hunting gear brand SITKA of Bozeman, Montana, improved the performance of some of its warmest products by incorporating a new type of insulation, building on a technique pioneered under NASA SBIR funding for infusing blankets with aerogel."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-164", "KSC-SO-164", "Aerogel Keeps On Climbing", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Outdoor Research of Seattle now uses aerogel insulation, first developed with SBIR funding from NASA, as a thin temperature barrier in its signature footwear and specialized gloves, all designed to withstand the most extreme mountaineering expeditions."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-165", "KSC-SO-165", "Improving Toxic Site Remediation", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Freeport, Illinois-based Provectus Environmental Products Inc. manufactures EZVI for its clients and other remediation companies using a non-exclusive patent license to support the safe removal of chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds from soil and water."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-166", "KSC-SO-166", "Eliminating Persistent Chemicals from Soil and Groundwater", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "A non-exclusive license for Patented NASA technology that safely removes toxins at a spill site enables Woodard & Curran Inc. of Portland, Maine to help companies mitigate damage and comply with EPA standards."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-167", "KSC-SO-167", "Cheaper, Faster, More Effective Brownfield Cleanup", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "TEA Inc. of Miramar Beach, Florida developed SourceKill using a non-exclusive license for NASA’s eco-friendly EZVI technology to reduce in situ chemicals to their harmless components."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-168", "KSC-SO-168", "Tackling Worldwide Environmental Cleanup", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Terra Systems Inc. of Claymont, Delaware uses a non-exclusive license for EZVI to clean up brownfield sites in the United States and overseas."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-17", "KSC-SO-17", "Elastomers That Endure", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Through assistance from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Dow Corning developed a strong, heat-protecting coating with applications in a variety of fields. Previously, NASA used silicate coatings that simply failed to adequately protect, which resulted in the frequent recoating of the damaged areas. The "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-173", "KSC-SO-173", "LEDs Provide For Plants", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Built with experience from working on circadian and grow lamps for NASA , VividGro of Chicago, Illinois, developed solid-state LED technology into more efficient grow lights for indoor agriculture."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-174", "KSC-SO-174", "Redefining ‘Data Farm’", "consumer home recreation", "KSC", "To convert existing buildings into indoor farms, Bowery Farming Inc. is leveraging the vertical farm structure NASA originated, along with the expertise of employees who participated in NASA-funded plant-growth research projects."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-175", "KSC-SO-175", "Specialized Spuds", "consumer home recreation", "KSC", "Dramatic greenhouse yields at CSS Farms LLC are the result of a NASA-developed hydroponic growing method specifically for root vegetables such as potatoes."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-176", "KSC-SO-176", "Plant-Growth R&D", "consumer home recreation", "KSC", "Building on plant data from NASA growth experiments, Green Sense Farm Holdings Inc. develops and automates optimal growing conditions for plant varieties for Earth-bound indoor farmers."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-177", "KSC-SO-177", "Space-Inspired Farming", "consumer home recreation", "KSC", "Plenty Unlimited Inc. relied on data published by NASA about the first controlled-environment, vertical farm in the United States to design and build a highly automated urban farm that uses 1% of the water traditional agriculture requires."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-178", "KSC-SO-178", "Astronaut Life Support for Earth Families", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center spent decades developing indoor farming techniques for crops and even fish to support a closed-loop life-support system for space travel. Eden Grow Systems Inc. of Houston used the published results – and hired a former NASA expert – to build automated, energy-efficient, aeropon"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-179", "KSC-SO-179", "Next-Level Farming", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Closed-environment plant-growth data and expertise developed at Kennedy Space Center through research into bioregenerative life support that could feed astronauts on long-duration missions helped Oslo, Norway-based IntraVision Group develop a complete indoor vertical growing system and LED lighting "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-18", "KSC-SO-18", "Amphibious Airplane", "transportation", "KSC", "The Air Shark I, a four-place amphibian, makes extensive use of composite materials and crusies at close to 200 miles per hour under power from a 200-horsepower engine. Air Shark I is a homebuilt\" airplane assembled from a kit of parts and components furnished by Freedom Master Corporation. The airp"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-180", "KSC-SO-180", "Keeping the Connection", "computer technology", "KSC", "After a Kennedy Space Center test-flight program proved the capability of a tiny radio that enables satellite-to-satellite communication, the Upland, Indiana-based NearSpace Launch Inc. made it commercially available. Adding GPS made it possible for anyone to track a CubeSat while in low-Earth orbit"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-181", "KSC-SO-181", "A Better Backup Plan for the Unthinkable", "public safety", "KSC", "Sagrad of Melbourne, Florida, offers a technology to automatically end the flight of any rocket that experiences difficulty. The technology will soon be required at every federal launchpad. A contract with Kennedy Space Center to build the prototype spawned two smaller, cheaper versions available fo"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-182", "KSC-SO-182", "Scaling Up Hydrogen", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "The Cryostat CS900 is poised to enable widespread use of liquid hydrogen as an energy carrier, according to James Fesmire, who invented the technology for his company, Titusville, Florida-based GenH2, building on his career developing cryostats at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-183", "KSC-SO-183", "Spraying for Food Safety", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center consulted with industry to develop a new electrostatic spraying nozzle to water plants in the weightless environment of space. Electrostatic Spraying Systems of Watkinsville, Georgia, licensed this nozzle, which is now used to sanitize products and equipment in industries like f"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-184", "KSC-SO-184", "Instant Innovation for Plastic Products", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "A Kennedy Space Center technologist figured out how to infuse plastics with aerogel to make them better insulators. It also made them more fire-resistant, water-repellant, sound-damping, lightweight, and resistant to cryogenic temperatures. Now Okhata of Cheyenne, Wyoming, markets these “aeropolymer"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-186", "KSC-SO-186", "A Better Seat For the Seated", "health and medicine", "KSC", "Kalogon was founded in Melbourne, Florida, by a former NASA contractor, who used experience working on the Commercial Crew Program based at Kennedy Space Center to design a wheelchair seat that helps prevent blood clots and deep vein thrombosis."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-187", "KSC-SO-187", "Keeping Cool, Containing Flame", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Funding from the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation helped launch the Oros outdoor clothing line that incorporates aerogel insulation. Lessons about aerogel created by Kennedy Space Center led to a new non-toxic, fire-retardant formula. Now Portland, Oregon-based Solarcore has spun off from Oros to of"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-19", "KSC-SO-19", "Solar Water Heater", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Skylab derived Heating System offers computerized control with an innovative voice synthesizer that literally allows the control unit to talk to the system user. It reports time of day, outside temperature and system temperature, and asks questions as to how the user wants the system programmed. Mas"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-2", "KSC-SO-2", "Inventory Management", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Known as MRO for Maintenance, Repair and Operating supplies, Tropicana Products, Inc.'s automated inventory management system is an adaptation of the Shuttle Inventory Management System (SIMS) developed by NASA to assure adequate supply of every item used in support of the Space Shuttle. The Tropica"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-20", "KSC-SO-20", "Cardiology Mannequin", "health and medicine", "KSC", "Messmore & Damon developed a lifelike mannequin capable of simulating many conditions of heart disease is being used to educate medical students in cardiology. Electronic mannequin simulates 40 heart disease conditions with a high degree of realism, for example, chest movement, pressure in artificia"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-21", "KSC-SO-21", "Computer-Based Medical System", "health and medicine", "KSC", "SYMED, Inc., developed a unique electronic medical records and information management system. The S2000 Medical Interactive Care System (MICS) incorporates both a comprehensive and interactive medical care support capability and an extensive array of digital medical reference materials in either tex"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-22", "KSC-SO-22", "Cancer Detection Device", "health and medicine", "KSC", "Ratcom, Inc., has joined NASA Johnson Space Center in an active program to develop cytometry capabilities for space station freedom. This agreement results from a cooperative program that NASA entered into with the American Cancer Society to aid in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The fl"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-23", "KSC-SO-23", "Skiing Simulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Arvin/Calspan Advanced Technology Center's Dr. Michael Holden is an aerodynamicist who normally works on the reentry characteristics of space vehicles. Calspan donated the use of its wind tunnel for a program aided at improving the performance of members of the U.S. Ski Team. Dr. Holden, a certified"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-24", "KSC-SO-24", "Other Industrial Aids", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "KSC", "Another industrial spinoff O.Z. Gedney Co., Terryville, CT found the answer to a problem in a NASA Tech Brief describing research in adhesive bonding for the Space Shuttle. Gedney which makes electrical fittings for industrial plants was developing a fire stop a device that prevents the spread of fi"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-25", "KSC-SO-25", "Shipping Monitor", "transportation", "KSC", "Through a SBIR contract between Kennedy Space Center and Silicon Designs, came the tri-axial data acquisition system, known commercially as the G-Logger. It is a portable, self-contained device that stores and analyzes shock, vibration, and temperature data during payload transport. It is sealed for"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-26", "KSC-SO-26", "Papering Over Corrosion", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center's battle against corrosion led to a new coating that was licensed to GeoTech and is commercially sold as Catize. The coating uses ligno sulfonic acid doped polyaniline (Ligno-Pani), also known as synthetic metal. Ligno-Pani can be used to extend the operating lives of steel brid"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-27", "KSC-SO-27", "Spaceport Support", "computer technology", "KSC", "Command and Control Technologies (CCT) Corporation of Titusville, Florida, a Florida/NASA Business Incubator tenant, is commercializing technology based on Kennedy Space Center's (KSC's) spacecraft ground processing program known as the Control Monitor Unit (CMU). The CMU was developed by engineers "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-28", "KSC-SO-28", "Measuring Pressure Has a New Standards", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "The Force-Balanced Piston Gauge (FPG) tests and calibrates instrumentation operating in the low pressure range. In 1994, Kennedy Space Center needed for an easy-to-use, low-pressure, primary standard to support the calibration of instrumentation for the International Space Station. DHI developed the"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-29", "KSC-SO-29", "Low Level Leaks", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "NASA has transferred the improved portable leak detector technology to UE Systems, Inc.. This instrument was developed to detect leaks in fluid systems of critical launch and ground support equipment. This system incorporates innovative electronic circuitry, improved transducers, collecting horns, a"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-3", "KSC-SO-3", "Going Paperless", "computer technology", "KSC", "Sentel Corporation has commercialized NASA's Electronic Portable Information Collection (EPIC) System, which stemmed from a NASA Kennedy Space Center SBIR contract. NASA and Sentel designed, built, and tested work authorization procedures used as a paperless procedures system for Space Shuttle and I"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-30", "KSC-SO-30", "Frozen Smoke", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Under a NASA SBIR contract with Johnson Space Center, Aspen Systems developed aerogel-based superinsulation. This super-insulation is an innovative, flexible cryogenic insulation with extremely low thermal conductivity. Potential commercial uses include cryogenic applications in the transportation, "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-31", "KSC-SO-31", "Concrete Solution", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "A Space Act Agreement between Kennedy Space Center and Surtreat Southeast, Inc., resulted in a new treatment that keeps buildings from corroding away over time. Structural corrosion is a multi-billion dollar problem in the United States. The agreement merged Kennedy Space Center's research into elec"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-32", "KSC-SO-32", "Wind Engineering", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "KSC", "Dr. Jack Cermak, Director of Fluid Dynamics and Diffusion Laboratory, developed the first wind tunnel to simulate the changing temperatures, directions and velocities of natural winds. In this work, Cermak benefited from NASA technology related to what is known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-33", "KSC-SO-33", "Tool for Movable Ceiling", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "KSC", "The Bendix Corp., with the help of NASA's Kennedy Space Center, developed a tool to equalize tensions in the 150 cables of the ceiling. This inexpensive tool used in concert halls was developed first for elevator and crane cables used to lift heavy space vehicles. University of Akron's performing ar"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-34", "KSC-SO-34", "Safer Natural Gas", "public safety", "KSC", "After the disaster of Staten Island in 1973 where 40 people were killed repairing a liquid natural gas storage tank, the New York Fire Commissioner requested NASA's help in drawing up a comprehensive plan to cover the design, construction, and operation of liquid natural gas facilities. Two programs"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-35", "KSC-SO-35", "Eyeing the Invisible", "public safety", "KSC", "Resulting from a Space Act Agreement with the Kennedy Space Center, Midac Corporation developed software improvements on monitoring equipment for vapor concentration spectroscopy. The commercial software package has aided in effective fenceline monitoring of industrial facilities, rocket plume analy"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-36", "KSC-SO-36", "Citrus Grove Mapping", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Citrus growers have long used aerial photography to inventory the number of groves in production. A new development at Kennedy Space Center, aerial mapping of groves with color infrared (CIR) film, affords an important advance in grove management by detecting and locating unhealthy trees long before"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-37", "KSC-SO-37", "Lightning Current Detector", "public safety", "KSC", "Lightning Current Detector (LCD) was developed to monitor the magnitude of lightning strikes. Information it supplies is useful in evaluating lightning protection designs for such systems as telephone cables, radio broadcast towers, power transmission equipment and oil well towers."], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-38", "KSC-SO-38", "Light Controller", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "International Technology Corporation's Automatic light control system considers available sunlight and adjusts artificial lighting level accordingly can trim energy costs appreciably. Wall mounted photocell sensor measures intensity of combined sunlight and artificial light; sensor communicates info"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-39", "KSC-SO-39", "Lightning Detector", "public safety", "KSC", "Lightning can be hazardous to airliners and general aviation aircraft. Kennedy Space Center's Lightning Detection and Ranging System (LDAR) consists of four receivers together with computer processing and display equipment. One receiver is located at a central station and the other three are sited a"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-4", "KSC-SO-4", "Sensors for Environmental Control", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Under a Kennedy Space Center Small Business Innovation Research contract, GEO-CENTERS, Inc. developed a sensing element or optrode which NASA needed for space life support research to measure a hydroponic culture's pH factor. The company then commercialized the technology in the PC Based pH Monitori"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-40", "KSC-SO-40", "Solar Electric System", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. undertook the development of a PV system that could bring solar electricity to the individual home at reasonable cost. His system employs high efficiency PV modules plus a set of polished reflectors that concentrate the solar energy and enhance the output of the modules. D"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-41", "KSC-SO-41", "Plant Research", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "The Land's agricultural research team is testing new ways to sustain life in space as a research participant with Kennedy Space Center's Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). The Land, sponsored by Kraft General Foods, is an entertainment, research, and education facility at EPCOT Cente"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-42", "KSC-SO-42", "Small Business Innovations (Cryostat)", "", "KSC", "General Pneumatics Corporation, Scottsdale, AZ, developed an anti-clogging cryostat that liquefies gases by expansion for high pressure through a nozzle to produce cryorefrigeration based on their Kennedy Space Center Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) work to develop a Joule-Thomson (JT) exp"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-43", "KSC-SO-43", "Sporting Goods Lubricants", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Sun Coast Chemicals was originally contracted by Lockheed Martin Space Operations to formulate a spray lubricant free of environmental drawbacks for the Mobile Launch Platform used to haul the Space Shuttle from the Kennedy Space Center Vehicle Assembly Building to a launch pad. From this work, Sun "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-44", "KSC-SO-44", "Tankless Water Heater", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center specialists aided Space, Energy, Time Saving (SETS) Systems, Inc. in working out the problems they encountered with their new electronic tankless\" water heater. The flow switch design suffered intermittent problems. Hiring several testing and engineering firms produced only grap"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-45", "KSC-SO-45", "Geographic Freedom", "computer technology", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center's need to conduct real-time monitoring of Space Shuttle operations led to the development of Netlander Inc.'s JTouch system. The technology behind JTouch allows engineers to view Space Shuttle and ground support data from any desktop computer using a web browser. Companies can m"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-46", "KSC-SO-46", "Flame Detector", "public safety", "KSC", "Scientific Instruments, Inc. has now developed a second generation, commercially available instrument to detect flames in hazardous environments, typically refineries, chemical plants and offshore drilling platforms. The Model 74000 detector incorporates a sensing circuit that detects UV radiation i"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-47", "KSC-SO-47", "New Window into the Human Body", "health and medicine", "KSC", "Michael Vannier, MD, a former NASA engineer, recognized the similarity between NASA's computerized image processing technology and nuclear magnetic resonance. With technical assistance from Kennedy Space Center, he developed a computer program for Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology enabling Nuclear"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-48", "KSC-SO-48", "Penetrating Fire Extinguisher", "public safety", "KSC", "When Feecon Corporation, a manufacturer of fire protection systems, needed a piercing nozzle for larger aircraft, they were assisted by Kennedy Space Center who provided the company with a fire extinguisher with a hard pointed tip that had been developed in case of an orbiter crash landing. The nozz"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-49", "KSC-SO-49", "Soil Surveys", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "An accurate method of surveying the soil was developed by NASA and the Department of Agriculture. The method involves using ground penetrating radar to produce subsurface graphs. By examining printouts from the system's recorder, scientists can determine whether a site is appropriate for building, e"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-5", "KSC-SO-5", "Lightning Often Strikes Twice", "public safety", "KSC", "Lightning is attracted by specific factors, including dense clusters of excess wires. Larger airports may have thousands of miles of wire and cable underground, and airports that were formerly U.S. military air bases could have 10 times more wire and cable underground than needed. This old, abandone"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-50", "KSC-SO-50", "The Perfect Mate for Safe Fueling", "transportation", "KSC", "An umbilical\" is a large device that transports power communications instrument readings and fluids such as propellants pressurization gasses and coolants from one source to another. Numerous launch vehicles planetary systems and rovers require umbilical \"mating.\" This process is a driving factor fo"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-51", "KSC-SO-51", "Fire Detector", "public safety", "KSC", "Because the liquid hydrogen which NASA stores for the space shuttle engines is easily ignited, a hand held ultraviolet fire detector was developed by detector electronics under NASA contract. The system was commercialized by Detector Electronics for use in other hydrogen handling facilities. The det"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-52", "KSC-SO-52", "Air Conditioner/Dehumidifier", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "An ordinary air conditioner in a very humid environment must overcool the room air, then reheat it. Mr. Dinh, a former STAC associate, devised a heat pipe based humidifier under a NASA Contract. The system used heat pipes to precool the air; the air conditioner's cooling coil removes heat and humidi"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-53", "KSC-SO-53", "Providing a Turn for the Better", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "NASA engineers developed a torque wrench tool adapter that allowed for a full rotation of spanner nuts in confined spaces. The tool, which is similar to an open-ended crowfoot wrench and a fixed-face spanner wrench, contains two dowel pins that center and lock the wrench onto the nut. Kennedy Space "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-54", "KSC-SO-54", "High Intensity Lighting", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Nighttime illumination is an important part of round-the-clock pre-launch preparations because NASA uses TV and film cameras to monitor each step of the preliminaries and at times to identify the cause of malfunction during countdown. Generating a one billion candlepower beam visible 50 miles away, "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-55", "KSC-SO-55", "Citrus Inventory", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Florida's Charlotte County Property Appraiser is using an aerial color infrared mapping system for inventorying citrus trees for valuation purposes. The ACIR system has significantly reduced the time and manpower required for appraisal. Aerial photographs are taken and interpreted by a video system "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-56", "KSC-SO-56", "Clean Room Apparel", "health and medicine", "KSC", "American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC), Baxter Healthcare Corporation's predecessor, used the NASA informational base on contamination control technology to improve industrial contamination control technology. When a study determined that microscopic body particles escaping through tiny windows"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-57", "KSC-SO-57", "Management Information System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "KSC", "New Automated Management Information Center (AMIC) employs innovative microcomputer techniques to create color charts, viewgraphs, or other data displays in a fraction of the time formerly required. Developed under Kennedy Space Center's contract by Boeing Services International Inc., Seattle, WA, A"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-58", "KSC-SO-58", "Heat Pipe Systems", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Solar Fundamentals, Inc.'s hot water system employs space-derived heat pipe technology. It is used by a meat packing plant to heat water for cleaning processing machinery. Unit is complete system with water heater, hot water storage, electrical controls and auxiliary components. Other than fans and "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-59", "KSC-SO-59", "Cleanroom Contaminant Monitor", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Femtometrics, Inc. developed the Real-Time Non-Volatile Residue (NVR) monitor. Criteria established by KSC called for a technology that could regulate the accumulation of nonvolatile residues in cleanroom env"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-6", "KSC-SO-6", "A Data-Driven Solution for Performance Improvement", "computer technology", "KSC", "Marketed as the Software of the Future Optimal Engineering Systems' P.I. EXPERTT technology offers statistical process control and optimization techniques that are critical to businesses looking to restructure or accelerate operations in order to gain a competitive edge. Kennedy Space Center granted"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-60", "KSC-SO-60", "Park Smart", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "The Parking Garage Automation System (PGAS) is based on a technology developed by a NASA-sponsored project called Robot sensorSkin(tm). Merritt Systems, Inc., of Orlando, Florida, teamed up with NASA to improve robots working with critical flight hardware at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The syst"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-61", "KSC-SO-61", "Hearing Is Believing", "health and medicine", "KSC", "Driven by his own hearing problem and three failed corrective surgeries, Adam Kissiah started working in the mid-1970s on what would become known as the cochlear implant, a surgically implantable device that provides hearing sensation to persons with severe-to-profound hearing loss who receive littl"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-62", "KSC-SO-62", "Lightning Detection in a Flash", "public safety", "KSC", "In a joint project with NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Global Atmospherics, Inc. (GAI), participated in the upgrade and commercialization of the Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) System. Under a Space Act Agreement, GAI and Kennedy agreed to the joint development of a new LDAR system that meets t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-63", "KSC-SO-63", "A Particulate Matter", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Technical Applications Unlimited, through a contract with Kennedy Space Center, developed the an activity sensor, called the TAU-N100A, which includes a microprocessor-controlled module that detects a particular on a sensor surface and converts this information into digital data. Its original purpos"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-65", "KSC-SO-65", "A Blast of Cool Air", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Unable to solve their engineering problem with a rotor in their Orbital Vane product, DynEco Corporation turned to Kennedy Space Center for help. KSC engineers determined that the compressor rotor was causing a large concentration of stress, which led to cracking and instant rotor failure. NASA rede"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-66", "KSC-SO-66", "Software Sleuth", "computer technology", "KSC", "NASA's need to trace mistakes to their source to try and eliminate them in the future has resulted in software known as Root Cause Analysis (RoCA). Fair, Isaac & Co., Inc. has applied RoCA software, originally developed under an SBIR contract with Kennedy, to its predictive software technology. RoCA"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-67", "KSC-SO-67", "Technology for Manufacturing Efficiency", "computer technology", "KSC", "The Ground Processing Scheduling System (GPSS) was developed by Ames Research Center, Kennedy Space Center and divisions of the Lockheed Company to maintain the scheduling for preparing a Space Shuttle Orbiter for a mission. Red Pepper Software Company, now part of PeopleSoft, Inc., commercialized t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-68", "KSC-SO-68", "An IDEA of What's in the Air", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "The Automatic Particle Fallout Monitor (APFM) is an automated instrument that assesses real-time particle contamination levels in a facility by directly imaging, sizing, and counting contamination particles. It allows personnel to respond to particle contamination before it becomes a major problem. "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-69", "KSC-SO-69", "Preserving Fresh Fruit", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Geo-Centers, Inc. has developed an Ethlyene Monitoring and Control System through an SBIR contract with Kennedy Space Center. As plants grow, they produce by products of ethylene and ammonia which are harmful to plant development. The system provides optimal exposure of fruit to ethylene since the p"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-7", "KSC-SO-7", "Technology That’s Ready and Able to Inspect Those Cables", "public safety", "KSC", "Attempting to locate a malfunctioning wire in a complex bundle of wires or in a cable that is concealed behind a wall is as difficult as trying to find a needle in a haystack. The result of such an effort can also be costly, time-consuming, and frustrating, whether it is the tedious process of exami"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-70", "KSC-SO-70", "Image Processing", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Electronic Imagery, Inc.'s ImageScale Plus software, developed through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract with Kennedy Space Center for use on space shuttle Orbiter in 1991, enables astronauts to conduct image processing, prepare electronic still camera images in orbit, display the"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-71", "KSC-SO-71", "Heat Pipe Systems", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "The heat pipe was developed to alternately cool and heat without using energy or any moving parts. It enables non-rotating spacecraft to maintain a constant temperature when the surface exposed to the Sun is excessively hot and the non Sun-facing side is very cold. Several organizations, such as Tro"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-72", "KSC-SO-72", "Heat Pipes", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Bobs Candies, Inc. produces some 24 million pounds of candy a year, much of it Christmas candy.\" To meet Christmas demand it must produce year-round. Thousands of cases of candy must be stored a good part of the year in two huge warehouses. The candy is very sensitive to temperature. The warehouses "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-73", "KSC-SO-73", "Advanced Lubricants", "transportation", "KSC", "Three Sun Coast Chemicals (SCC) of Daytona, Inc. products were derived from NASA technology: Train Track Lubricant, Penetrating Spray Lube, and Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluid. NASA contractor Lockheed Martin Space Operations contacted SCC about joining forces to develop an environmentally safe spray "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-74", "KSC-SO-74", "Aerogel–From Aerospace to Apparel", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Aspen Systems Inc. developed an aerogel-manufacturing process solved the handling problems associated with aerogel-based insulation products. Their aerogels can now be manufactured into blankets, thin sheets, beads, and molded parts; and may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. Aspen made the mat"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-75", "KSC-SO-75", "Satellite Tracking System", "public safety", "KSC", "Researchers at the Center for Aerospace Sciences of the University of North Dakota (UND), Grand Forks, used three NASA Computer programs (SANDTRACKS, ODG, NORAD) to develop a Satellite Tracking System for real time utilization of TIROS weather/environment satellite information. SANDTRACKS computes t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-76", "KSC-SO-76", "Toxicity Warning Badge", "public safety", "KSC", "Kennedy Space Center contracted GMD Systems, Inc., now Bacharach, Inc., to design a system for monitoring personnel exposure to hydrazine and monomethyl hydrazine, two dangerous gases which ignite on contact with an oxidizer. GMD developed a reliable colorimetric gas monitoring dosimeter for NASA, t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-77", "KSC-SO-77", "Grace Under Pressure", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Developed in response to a NASA requirement to remotely measure tension in critical bolts on the International Space Station, the SureBoltT Correlation Bolt Gage is the first ultrasonic system to capture an entire echo\" pulse for determining the change in time of flight of an ultrasonic signal trave"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-78", "KSC-SO-78", "Process Analyzer", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "KSC", "Under a NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, Axiomatics Corporation developed a shunting Dielectric Sensor to determine the nutrient level and analyze plant nutrient solutions in the CELSS, NASA's space life support program. (CELSS is an experimental facility investigating closed"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-79", "KSC-SO-79", "Protective Coatings", "industrial productivity", "KSC", "Ameron International Protective Coatings Group developed a special coating for NASA that would withstand the high temperatures generated by the Space Shuttle rocket engines. The coating remains intact for at least 10 minutes, and insulates the launch pad so that it does not exceed 150 degrees and bu"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-8", "KSC-SO-8", "Washing Out the Competition", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "AJT Associates, Inc. (AJT) worked with NASA to develop a revolutionary ozone-based laundry system. AJT's TecH2OzoneR wash system presents its customers with an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally safe way to perform commercial laundering. TecH2Ozone significantly reduces the amount"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-80", "KSC-SO-80", "Automotive Insulation", "transportation", "KSC", "Under a Space Act Agreement between Boeing North America and BSR Products, Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials are now used to insulate race cars. BSR has created special TPS blanket insulation kits for use on autos that take part in NASCAR events, and other race cars through its"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-81", "KSC-SO-81", "Process Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "The ChemScan UV-6100 is a spectrometry system originally developed by Biotronics Technologies, Inc. under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract. It is marketed to the water and wastewater treatment industries, replacing grab sampling\" with on-line data collection. It analyzes the ligh"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-82", "KSC-SO-82", "Portable Radiation Detectors", "public safety", "KSC", "Through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from Kennedy Space Center, General Pneumatics Corporation's Western Research Center satisfied a NASA need for a non-clogging Joule-Thomson cryostat to provide very low temperature cooling for various sensors. This NASA-supported cryostat d"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-83", "KSC-SO-83", "Heat Pipes", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Phoenix Refrigeration Systems, Inc.'s heat pipe addition to the Phoenix 2000, a supermarket rooftop refrigeration/air conditioning system, resulted from the company's participation in a field test of heat pipes. Originally developed by NASA to control temperatures in space electronic systems, the he"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-84", "KSC-SO-84", "Citrus Inventory", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "An aerial color infrared (CIR) mapping system developed by Kennedy Space Center enables Florida's Charlotte County to accurately appraise its citrus groves while reducing appraisal costs. The technology was further advanced by development of a dual video system making it possible to simultaneously v"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-85", "KSC-SO-85", "Putting Safety First in the Sky", "transportation", "KSC", "The Personal Cabin Pressure Altitude Monitor and Warning System is a hand-held, personal safety device to warn pilots of potentially dangerous or deteriorating cabin pressure altitude conditions before hypoxia becomes a threat. The device benefits both pressurized and non-pressurized aircraft operat"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-86", "KSC-SO-86", "Sizing Up the Situation", "public safety", "KSC", "In order to measure hailstorm damage to the Space Shuttle's External Tank, Kennedy Space Center developed the Scaling and Measurement Device for Photographic Images. The device, which provides a non-intrusive means of adding a scale to a photograph, attaches directly to a camera. Two lasers fitted t"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-87", "KSC-SO-87", "Lithium Battery Power Delivers Electric Vehicles to Market", "transportation", "KSC", "Hybrid Technologies Inc., a manufacturer and marketer of lithium-ion battery electric vehicles, based in Las Vegas, Nevada, and with research and manufacturing facilities in Mooresville, North Carolina, entered into a Space Act Agreement with Kennedy Space Center to determine the utility of lithium-"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-88", "KSC-SO-88", "Polymer Fabric Protects Firefighters, Military, and Civilians", "public safety", "KSC", "In 1967, NASA contracted with Celanese Corporation, of New York, to develop a line of PBI textiles for use in space suits and vehicles. In 2005, the PBI fiber and polymer business was sold to PBI Performance Products Inc., of Charlotte, North Carolina, under the ownership of the InterTech Group, of "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-89", "KSC-SO-89", "Experiments Advance Gardening at Home and in Space", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "NASA research with BioServe Space Technologies and AgriHouse Inc., developing aeroponic gardening for space flight, inspired an innovative home gardening appliance. AeroGrow International Inc., of Boulder, Colorado, designed and released the AeroGarden line of countertop gardens based on NASA studie"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-9", "KSC-SO-9", "A New Lift for Those Who Need It", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "The eZ-uP device was designed by NASA engineer, Paul Neal, who worked with Kennedy Space Center. He took his idea to RJDesigns & Associates. With refinements, they developed a lightweight aluminum structure to assist the elderly in lifting themselves from seated positions. It can support people in e"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-90", "KSC-SO-90", "Additive Transforms Paint into Insulation", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Tech Traders Inc. sought assistance developing low-cost, highly effective coatings and paints that created useful thermal reflectance and were safe and non-toxic. In cooperation with a group of engineers at Kennedy Space Center., Tech Traders created Insuladd, a powder additive made up of microscopi"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-91", "KSC-SO-91", "New Lubricants Protect Machines and the Environment", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "In 1994, NASA and Lockheed Martin Space Operations commissioned Sun Coast Chemicals of Daytona Inc to develop a new type of lubricant that would be safe for the environment and help grease the wheels\" of the shuttle-bearing launcher Sun Coast Chemical determined there was a market for this new devel"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-93", "KSC-SO-93", "Circulation-Enhancing Device Improves CPR", "health and medicine", "KSC", "Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. and NASA's Kennedy Space Center collaborated for five years on impedance threshold device technology. The resulting technology is encapsulated in a device called the ResQPOD Circulatory Enhancer, which improves the standard of care provided to patients with a varie"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-94", "KSC-SO-94", "Progressive Plant Growing Has Business Blooming", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "In 1997, AgriHouse, Inc. (d.b.a. Aeroponics International), a leading agri-biology company, united with NASA and BioServe Space Technologies, a non-profit, NASA-sponsored partnership research center, to design a soil-less plant-growth experiment to be performed in microgravity, aboard the Mir space "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-95", "KSC-SO-95", "Quick Fix for Managing Risks", "computer technology", "KSC", "Under a Phase II SBIR contract, Kennedy and Lumina Decision Systems, Inc., jointly developed the Schedule and Cost Risk Analysis Modeling (SCRAM) system, based on a version of Lumina's flagship software product, AnalyticaR. Acclaimed as the best single decision-analysis program yet produced\" by MacW"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-96", "KSC-SO-96", "A System for Planning Ahead", "computer technology", "KSC", "A software system that uses artificial intelligence techniques to help with complex Space Shuttle scheduling at Kennedy Space Center is commercially available. Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.(SHAI), is marketing its automatic scheduling system, the Automated Manifest Planner (AMP), to industries tha"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-97", "KSC-SO-97", "Valiant ‘Zero-Valent’ Effort Restores Contaminated Grounds", "environment and resource management", "KSC", "Dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are chemical compounds that can contaminate soil and groundwater to the point of irreparability. These substances are only slightly soluble in water, and are much denser than water. Because of these characteristics, DNAPLs form separate liquid phases in groun"], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-98", "KSC-SO-98", "Aerogels Insulate Missions and Consumer Products", "consumer/home/recreation", "KSC", "Aspen Aerogels, of Northborough, Massachusetts, worked with NASA through an SBIR contract with Kennedy Space Center to develop a robust, flexible form of aerogel for cryogenic insulation for space shuttle launch applications. The company has since used the same manufacturing process developed under "], ["spinoff", "KSC-SO-99", "KSC-SO-99", "Improving Vision", "health and medicine", "KSC", "The JORDYT (Joint Optical Reflective Display) device enables people with low vision to read, write, and watch television. Low vision, which includes macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, describes eyesight that is 20/70 or worse, and cannot be fully corrected with conventional gl"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-1", "LARC-SO-1", "Helicopter Strakes", "transportation", "LARC", "Langley Research Center has done extensive research into the effectiveness of tail boom strakes on conventional tail rotor helicopters. (A strake is a spoiler\" whose purpose is to alter the airflow around an aerodynamic body.) By placing strakes on a tail boom, the air loading can be changed, thrust"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-10", "LARC-SO-10", "‘Contact’ in Space Leads to New Lenses", "health and medicine", "LARC", "In 1993, Paragon Vision Sciences, Inc., participated in a research project with Langley Research Center to perfect a process for developing contact lenses. The project called for three experiments that would fly onboard the Space Shuttle over the course of three separate missions. By unleashing cont"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-100", "LARC-SO-100", "Pressure Measurement Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "System 8400 is an advanced system for measurement of gas and liquid pressure, along with a variety of other parameters, including voltage, frequency and digital inputs. System 8400 offers exceptionally high speed data acquisition through parallel processing, and its modular design allows expansion f"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-101", "LARC-SO-101", "Space-Spurred Metallized Materials", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Spurred R&D toward improved vacuum metallizing techniques led to an extensive line of commercial products, from insulated outdoor garments to packaging for foods, from wall coverings to window shades, from life rafts to candy wrappings, reflective blankets to photographic reflectors. Metallized Prod"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-102", "LARC-SO-102", "Aircraft Controls", "computer technology", "LARC", "CARSRA, a computer program supplied by COSMIC, enables Hamilton Standard to predict the reliability of electronic systems for jet engines. The flight control is fully automatic. With CARSRA, engineers can study a proposed design, predict its operation, and make necessary design modifications. The pr"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-103", "LARC-SO-103", "Heat Transfer Research", "computer technology", "LARC", "A COSMIC program called RAVFAC enables Western Electric Company to study heat transfer processes to develop new manufacturing application. RAVFAC, Radiation View Finder Program is used in analyzing high temperature processing in manufacturing semiconductor wafers. It helps assess new designs by calc"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-104", "LARC-SO-104", "Mineral/Water Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "An x-ray fluorescence spectrometer developed for the Viking Landers by Martin Marietta was modified for geological exploration, water quality monitoring, and aircraft engine maintenance. The aerospace system was highly miniaturized and used very little power. It irradiates the sample causing it to e"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-105", "LARC-SO-105", "Visual Alert System", "public safety", "LARC", "A visual alert system resulted from circuitry developed by Applied Cybernetics Systems for Langley as part of a space related telemetry system. James Campman, Applied Cybernetics president, left the company and founded Grace Industries, Inc. to manufacture security devices based on the Langley techn"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-106", "LARC-SO-106", "Sonar Locator Systems", "public safety", "LARC", "An underwater locator device called a Pinger is attached to an airplane's flight recorder for recovery in case of a crash. Burnett Electronics Pinger Model 512 resulted from a Burnett Electronics Laboratory, Inc./Langley Research Center contract for development of a search system for underwater mine"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-107", "LARC-SO-107", "Here's a Switch", "transportation", "LARC", "Through a NASA Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) award, granted through the Langley Research Center, Mod Works, Inc., of Punta Gorda, FL, has applied human factors engineering to an aircraft instrument panel to optimize human/airplane interaction."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-108", "LARC-SO-108", "Safety Passage in the Flying Canoes", "public safety", "LARC", "Jungle Aviation and Radio Service (JAARS) delivers missionaries to remote outposts under sometimes hazardous flying conditions. A serious accident led JAARS' to initiate a crash survivability research program based on NASA technology. In 1978, JAARS sought help from Langley Research Center and was i"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-109", "LARC-SO-109", "Soil Rock Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "A redesigned version of a soil/rock analyzer developed by Martin Marietta under a Langley Research Center contract is being marketed by Aurora Tech, Inc. Known as the Aurora ATX-100, it has self-contained power, an oscilloscope, a liquid crystal readout, and a multichannel spectrum analyzer. It meas"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-11", "LARC-SO-11", "Keeping Cool in Extreme Heat", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Through a partnership with Unitika Ltd., NASA's Langley Research Center created a foam based on high temperature resistant polyimide chemistry. Licensed non-exclusively to SORDAL, Inc., the low-density foam, named TEEK, can be processed into forms or used to fill structures such as honeycomb. TEEK o"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-110", "LARC-SO-110", "Wing Flutter Control", "transportation", "LARC", "Through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from Langley Research Center, Orbital Research Inc. developed the Orbital Research Intelligent Control Algorithm (ORICA), the first practical hardware-independent adaptive predictive control structure, specifically suited for optimal contro"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-111", "LARC-SO-111", "Aviation Design Software", "transportation", "LARC", "DARcorporation developed a General Aviation CAD package through a Small Business Innovation Research contract from Langley Research Center. This affordable, user-friendly preliminary design system for General Aviation aircraft runs on the popular 486 IBM-compatible personal computers. Individuals ta"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-112", "LARC-SO-112", "Aircraft Flutter Testing", "transportation", "LARC", "Wilmer Reed gained international recognition for his innovative research, contributions and patented ideas relating to flutter and aeroelasticity of aerospace vehicles at Langley Research Center. In the early 1980's, Reed retired from Langley and joined the engineering staff of Dynamic Engineering I"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-113", "LARC-SO-113", "Computer Reliability", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Using a NASA developed program, Dr. J. Walter Bond is creating a course in computer reliability modeling. The course will examine three different computer programs, one of them NASA's Care III, the others UCLA's Aries 78 and Aries 82. All three are designed to help estimate the reliability of comple"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-114", "LARC-SO-114", "Hang Gliders", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Francis M. Rogallo and his wife Gertrude researched flexible controllable fabric airfoils with a delta, V-shaped, configuration for use on inexpensive private aircraft. They were issued a flex-wing patent and refined their designs. Development of Rogallo wings, used by U.S. Moyes, Inc. substantially"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-115", "LARC-SO-115", "Safety Lock", "public safety", "LARC", "The Model 1150 electronic spring latch, which provides controlled and timed access to a safe, was developed by Burnett Electronics Lab, Inc., San Diego, CA, and is marketed by KeyOne, Inc. also of San Diego. The Model 1150 is a spinoff from a spinoff. The original spinoff, the acoustic pinger, is an"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-116", "LARC-SO-116", "Lightning Protection", "public safety", "LARC", "Lightning Technologies, Inc., Pittsfield, MA, - a spinoff company founded by president J. Anderson Plumer, a former NASA contractor employee who developed his expertise with General Electric Company's High Voltage Laboratory - was a key player in Langley Research Center's Storm Hazards Research Prog"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-117", "LARC-SO-117", "Vitamin D Investigation", "health and medicine", "LARC", "The solar dosimeter, a spinoff from NASA solar cell technology, measures the amount of solar radiation to which its wearer is exposed. It was used in a University of Cincinnati Medical Center investigation into the effect of sunlight exposure on maintaining vitamin D status in infants. The infants w"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-118", "LARC-SO-118", "Technology for Smoother Transit", "transportation", "LARC", "A NASA-developed meter and computer model offers the first verifiable way of measuring ride quality. It transforms individual noise and vibration elements into subjective units, then translates the units into a discomfort index. The meter was designed by Wyle Laboratories under NASA contract. It per"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-119", "LARC-SO-119", "Power Plant Valves", "computer technology", "LARC", "Rockwell International employed NASTRAN to identify high stress areas in valve products and the mechanical configurations necessary to accommodate them. Also used in seismic and vibration analysis of valves to establish design adequacy under severe conditions, such as those that might occur in an ea"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-12", "LARC-SO-12", "Takin' the Heat", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Langley Research Center has licensed a new high-temperature polyimide with versatile applications to Unitech LLC, of Hampton, Virginia, and J. D. Lincoln, Inc., of Costa Mesa, California. Through a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) and its license, Unitech, a client of the NASA Hampton Roads Technology "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-120", "LARC-SO-120", "Air Combat Simulator", "computer technology", "LARC", "By adapting COSMIC's One-on-One Adaptive Maneuvering Logic (AML) for two versus one simulation, Link Division was able to reduce software and other design/development costs. Enhancements to the AML program developed by Link for simulation of two-versus one combat, two trainees can simultaneously eng"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-121", "LARC-SO-121", "Bladder Monitor", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Diagnostic Ultrasound Corporation's Bladder Scan Monitor continuously records and monitors bladder fullness and alerts the wearer or caretaker when voiding is required. The sensor is held against the lower abdomen by a belt and connected to the monitor by a cable. The sensor obtains bladder volume d"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-122", "LARC-SO-122", "Windsurfer Fin", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "A NASA report detailing a wind tunnel investigation of a variable camber and twist could effectively reduce drag, thus improving performance. The resulting VooDoo fin is made of composite materials, has a rigid internal spar and a flexible polymer exterior coating. It is computer-designed and except"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-123", "LARC-SO-123", "Flexible Circuits", "transportation", "LARC", "Adflex Solutions, Inc.'s flexible circuits may be molded to the shape of a chassis for bulk reduction. Particularly valuable when circuitry must be moved. They are produced by combining a plastic film, a metallic conductor and an adhesive. One adhesive, LARC-TPI, developed by the Langley Research Ce"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-124", "LARC-SO-124", "Mirror Technology", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Under a NASA contract, MI-CVD developed a process for producing bulk silicon carbide by means of a chemical vapor deposition process. The technology allows growth of a high purity material with superior mechanical/thermal properties and high polishability - ideal for mirror applications. The company"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-125", "LARC-SO-125", "Innovation for Pollution Control", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Kinetic Controls Inc.'s refuse-fired steam generating facility led to the development of an air pollution equipment control device. The device is currently marketed by two NASA/Langley Research Center employees. It automatically senses and compensates for the changes in smoke composition when refuse"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-126", "LARC-SO-126", "Profit from a Problem", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "The Refuse-fired Steam Generating Facility was jointly sponsored by Hampton, NASA Langley and Langley Air Force Base. The facility disposes of all solid waste from the NASA Center, the Air Force Base, the Army's Fort Monroe and other federal installations in the area, and accommodates about 70 perce"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-127", "LARC-SO-127", "Airline Wheelchair", "transportation", "LARC", "Accutron Tool & Instrument Co.'s wheelchair was designed to increase mobility within the airplane. Utilizing NASA's structural analysis and materials engineering technologies, it allows passage through narrow airline aisles to move passengers to their seats and give access to lavatories. Stable, dur"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-128", "LARC-SO-128", "Pressure Measurement Sensor", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "FFPI Industries Inc. is the manufacturer of fiber-optic sensors that furnish accurate pressure measurements in internal combustion chambers. Such an assessment can help reduce pollution emitted by these engines. A chief component in the sensor owes its seven year-long development to Lewis Research C"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-129", "LARC-SO-129", "Filmless Radiography", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Technology initially prototyped under a Small Business Innovation Research contract between Quantex Corporation and Langley Research Center was licensed to Liberty Technology and incorporated into RADView, a new filmless radiography technology. The NASA-sponsored work involved the investigation of E"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-13", "LARC-SO-13", "Parachuting to Safety", "public safety", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center awarded Ballistic Recovery Systems, Inc., three Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to research and develop a new, low cost, lightweight recovery system for aircraft in both civilian and military markets. The company responded with a unique ballistic pa"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-130", "LARC-SO-130", "Advanced Welding Tool", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Accutron Tool & Instrument Co.'s welder was originally developed as a tool specifically for joining parts made of plastic or composite materials in any atmosphere to include the airless environment of space. Developers decided on induction or magnetic heating to avoid causing deformation and it also"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-131", "LARC-SO-131", "Equipment Analysis", "computer technology", "LARC", "Magnavox Government & Electronics Company originally used the NASTRAN program in the design stage of heavy aluminum fixtures for vibration testing. Program also used to compare the resonant frequencies of the circuitry to predict whether failures may occur because of high vibration levels. The compa"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-132", "LARC-SO-132", "Thermal Analysis", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "The University of Georgia used NASTRAN, a COSMIC program that predicts how a design will stand up under stress, to develop a model for monitoring the transient cooling of vegetables. The winter use of passive solar heating for poultry houses is also under investigation by the Agricultural Engineerin"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-133", "LARC-SO-133", "Agricultural Spraying", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "AGDISP, a computer code written for Langley by Continuum Dynamics, Inc., aids crop dusting airplanes in targeting pesticides. The code is commercially available and can be run on a personal computer by an inexperienced operator. Called SWA+H, it is used by the Forest Service, FAA, DuPont, etc. DuPon"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-134", "LARC-SO-134", "Pollution Control Device", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "BHA Group Inc.'s PrecipTech Power Guard SQ-200 automatic voltage controller, combined with a remote computer, is an automatic management system for smoke-cleaning precipitators. It is the second generation of the SQ 100 developed at Langley Research Center, and was commercialized by two NASA employe"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-135", "LARC-SO-135", "Control Systems", "transportation", "LARC", "Boeing Commercial Airplane Company's Flight Control Department engineers relied on Langley developed software package known as ORACLS to develop an advanced control synthesis package for both continuous and discrete control system. Package was used by Boeing for computerized analysis of new system d"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-136", "LARC-SO-136", "Portable Welder", "transportation", "LARC", "A low cost, low power, self-contained portable welding gun designed for joining thermoplastics which become soft when heated and harden when cooled was developed originally by NASA's Langley Research Center for repairing helicopter windshields. Welder has a broad range of applications for joining bo"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-137", "LARC-SO-137", "Advanced Lightplane Wing", "transportation", "LARC", "Neico Aviation, Inc.'s tubular fuselage frame of Prescott Pusher is heliarc welded at the factory. Wings, tail, and control surfaces are of traditional aluminum. A rear mounted 180 horsepower engine with a four bladed pusher propeller allows speeds up to 200 miles per hour; an advanced rotary engine"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-138", "LARC-SO-138", "Aid for the Visually Impaired", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Viewstar is a video system that magnifies and focuses words so partially sighted people can read or type from printed or written copy. Invented by Dr. Leonard Weinstein, a Langley engineer, the device enables Sandra Raven, Weinstein's stepdaughter, who is legally blind, to work as a clerk typist. We"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-139", "LARC-SO-139", "Scientific Toy", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Tensegritoy, inspired by the tensegrity concepts of R. Buckminster Fuller, is an erector set like toy designed to give students an understanding of structural stability. It is used by children, architects, engineers, and teachers. The manufacturer, Tensegrity Systems Corporation, also offers a colla"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-14", "LARC-SO-14", "A Tail Not to Get \"Torqued\" About", "transportation", "LARC", "NASA has licensed technology to a Washington state company for improving the performance, stability and control of helicopters. Under the agreement, Boundary Layer Research, Inc., Everett, Wash., will commercially market an aerodynamic device called tailboom strakes.\" The license will allow the comp"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-140", "LARC-SO-140", "Art Preservation", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "A new class of polyimides, synthesized by Langley Research Center, has been evaluated by the Getty Conservation Institute's Materials Science Group for possible art conservation applications. Polyimides are noted for resistance to high temperature, wear and radiation. They are thermally stable and s"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-141", "LARC-SO-141", "Pressure Measurement", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Pressure Systems, Inc.'s DPT 6400 is a system designed to increase productivity in industrial processes where there is a need for making multiple pressure measurements quickly and with high accuracy. It is applicable in controlling industrial processes in plants that are being upgraded to automated "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-142", "LARC-SO-142", "Spinoff from Wind Tunnel Technology", "", "LARC", "Douglas Juanarena, a former NASA Langley instrument design engineer, found a solution to the problem of long, repetitive tunnel runs needed to measure airflow pressures. Electronically scanned pressure (ESP) replaced mechanical systems with electronic sensors. Juanarena licensed the NASA-patented te"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-143", "LARC-SO-143", "Riblet Research", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Research at Langley on skin friction drag was described in Tech Briefs. 3M engineers suggested to Langley that grooves molded into a lightweight plastic film with adhesive backing and pressed on an airplane would be simpler than cutting grooves directly onto the surface. Boeing became involved and t"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-144", "LARC-SO-144", "Explosive Joining", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Laurence J. Bement of Langley Research Center invented a technique to permit metal joining operations under hazardous or inaccessible conditions. The process, which provides a joint with double the strength of the parent metal, involves the use of very small quantities of ribbon explosive to create "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-145", "LARC-SO-145", "Satellite Videoconferences", "", "LARC", "NASA is helping thousands of teachers to learn more about aerospace matters, improve their classroom skills, and expand significantly the content of their aerospace education curricula by means of live educational satellite videoconferences. The 1 1/2 hour Update for Teachers\" programs originate at "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-146", "LARC-SO-146", "Thermographic Inspections Save Skins and Prevent Blackouts", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "To help ensure the safety of the Nation's aging fleet of commercial aircraft, Langley developed scanning thermography\" technology that nondestructively inspects older aircraft fuselage components. Scanning thermography involves heating a component's surface and subsequently measuring the surface tem"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-147", "LARC-SO-147", "Advanced Polymer", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "In the mid-1980's, Langley developed a polyimide sulfone, combining desirable properties of two classes of polymers. Composites and other products made from polyimide sulfone can be used with solvents and corrosive fluids, are light weight, low cost and can be easily fabricated for a wide range of i"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-148", "LARC-SO-148", "Long-Life Catalyst", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "STC Catalysts, Inc. (SCi) manufactures a noble metal reducible oxide catalyst consisting primarily of platinum and tin dioxide deposited on a ceramic substrate. It is an ambient temperature oxidation catalyst that was developed primarily for Carbon Dioxide Lasers. The catalyst was developed by the N"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-149", "LARC-SO-149", "Getting the Lowdown on Airborne Pollutants", "computer technology", "LARC", "Opto-Knowledge Systems, Inc. was founded in 1991 specifically to take advantage of the emergence of a new technology field related to spectral imaging. The technology has applications in diverse areas such as Earth remote sensing, agriculture, geology, medical diagnosis, manufacturing, forensics, an"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-15", "LARC-SO-15", "Optical Fiber Protection", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "F&S Inc. developed and commercialized fiber optic and microelectromechanical systems- (MEMS) based instrumentation for harsh environments encountered in the aerospace industry. The NASA SBIR programs have provided F&S the funds and the technology to develop ruggedized coatings and coating techniques"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-150", "LARC-SO-150", "Just One Look", "transportation", "LARC", "Under an SBIR agreement with Langley Research Center, Vision Micro Design Inc. has developed a line of advanced engine monitoring systems using the latest technology in graphic analog and digital displays. Vision Micro Design is able to meet the needs of today's pilots."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-151", "LARC-SO-151", "Paint and Shoot", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Through an initial SBIR contract with Langley Research Center, Stress Photonics, Inc. was able to successfully market their thermal strain measurement device, known as the Delta Therm 1000. The company was able to further its research on structural integrity analysis by signing another contract with"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-152", "LARC-SO-152", "Orthopaedic Footwear Design", "computer technology", "LARC", "Although the need for orthopaedic shoes is increasing, the number of skilled shoemakers has declined. This has led to the development of a CAD/CAM system to design and fabricate, orthopaedic footwear. The NASA-developed RIM database management system is the central repository for CUSTOMLAST's inform"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-153", "LARC-SO-153", "Combining Sense and Intelligence for Smarter Structures", "public safety", "LARC", "IFOS developed the I*Sense technology with assistance from a NASA Langley Research Center SBIR contract. NASA and IFOS collaborated to create sensing network designs that have high sensitivity, low power consumption, and significant potential for mass production. The joint-research effort led to the"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-154", "LARC-SO-154", "Weather Information System", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "WxLink is an aviation weather system based on advanced airborne sensors, precise positioning available from the satellite-based Global Positioning System, cockpit graphics and a low-cost datalink. It is a two-way system that uplinks weather information to the aircraft and downlinks automatic pilot r"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-155", "LARC-SO-155", "Putting the Pressure On", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Langley Research Center's interest in hypersonic flight led to a SBIR contract with IAP Research, Inc. to develop an electromagnetic launcher. The launcher technology was the basis for IAP's Magnepress process which manufactures high-density parts at rapid rates. The powder compaction technology can"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-156", "LARC-SO-156", "The Imagery of Sound", "computer technology", "LARC", "Automated Analysis Corporation's COMET is a suite of acoustic analysis software for advanced noise prediction. It analyzes the origin, radiation, and scattering of noise, and supplies information on how to achieve noise reduction and improve sound characteristics. COMET's Structural Acoustic Foam En"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-159", "LARC-SO-159", "Air Quality Monitor", "computer technology", "LARC", "The Stak-Tracker CEM (Continuous Emission Monitor) Gas Analyzer is an air quality monitor capable of separating the various gases in a bulk exhaust stream and determining the amounts of individual gases present within the stream. The monitor is produced by GE Reuter-Stokes, a subsidiary of GE Corpor"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-16", "LARC-SO-16", "Computerized Engineering", "transportation", "LARC", "In 1966, MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation (MSC) was awarded a contract by NASA to develop a general purpose structural analysis program dubbed NASTRAN (NASA structural analysis). The first operational version was delivered in 1969. In 1982, MSC procured the rights to market their subsequent version of"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-160", "LARC-SO-160", "Revealing Optical Components", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "The Optical Vector Analyzer (OVA) 1550 significantly reduces the time and cost of testing sophisticated optical components. The technology grew from the research Luna Technologies' Dr. Mark Froggatt conducted on optical fiber strain measurement while working at Langley Research Center. Dr. Froggatt "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-161", "LARC-SO-161", "Better Pictures in a Snap", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Retinex Imaging Processing, winner of NASA's 1999 Space Act Award, is commercially available through TruView Imaging Company. With this technology, amateur photographers use their personal computers to improve the brightness, scene contrast, detail, and overall sharpness of images with increased eas"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-162", "LARC-SO-162", "Aids to School Bus Design", "transportation", "LARC", "Navistar International Transportation Corporation, Chicago, IL, used three separate NASA-developed technologies in the design and testing of their 3000 Series Bus Chassis which was developed expressly for school bus applications. For structural analysis, they used the MSC/NASTRAN program which mathe"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-163", "LARC-SO-163", "Business Jet", "transportation", "LARC", "The Citation Jet, developed by Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, KS, is the first business jet to employ Langley Research Center's natural laminar flow (NLF) technology. NLF reduces drag and therefore saves fuel by using only the shape of the wing to keep the airflow smooth, or laminar. This reduces"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-164", "LARC-SO-164", "Corporate Jet", "transportation", "LARC", "Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, GA, used a version of a NASA program called WIBCO to design a wing for the Gulfstream IV (G-IV) which will help to reduce transonic drag (created by shock waves that develop as an airplane approaches the speed of sound). The G-IV cruises at 88 percent of t"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-166", "LARC-SO-166", "Flight Planning", "transportation", "LARC", "Seagull Technology, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, produced a computer program under a Langley Research Center Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant called STAFPLAN (Seagull Technology Advanced Flight Plan) that plans optimal trajectory routes for small to medium sized airlines to minimize direct op"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-167", "LARC-SO-167", "Skin Damage Assessment by Ultrasonic Waves", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Effective treatment of serious burns is dependent on early recognition of the extent of dead tissue and its removal to minimize the risk of infection and hasten healing. To meet the need for precise determination of burn depth, two physicists from Langley's Nondestructive Measurement Science Branch "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-168", "LARC-SO-168", "Earthquake Information System", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "IAEMIS (Integrated Automated Emergency Management Information System) is the principal tool of an earthquake preparedness program developed by Martin Marietta and the Mid-America Remote Sensing Center (MARC). It is a two-component set of software, data and procedures to provide information enabling "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-169", "LARC-SO-169", "Laser Analyzer", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Dopant level analysis is important to the laser system designer because it allows him to model the laser's performance. It also allows the end user to determine what went wrong when a laser fails to perform as expected. Under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, Scientific Materials"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-17", "LARC-SO-17", "Environmental Analysis", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Burns & McDonnell Engineering's environmental control study is assisted by NASA's Computer Software Management and Information Center's programs in environmental analyses. Company is engaged primarily in design of such facilities as electrical utilities, industrial plants, wastewater treatment syste"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-171", "LARC-SO-171", "Induction Heating Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Induction heating technology, a magnetic non-deforming process, was developed by Langley researchers to join plastic and composite components in space. Under NASA license, Inductron Corporation uses the process to produce induction heating systems and equipment for numerous applications. The Torobon"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-172", "LARC-SO-172", "Toy Gliders", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Toy designers at Hasbro, Inc. wanted to create a foam glider that a child could fly with little knowledge of aeronautics. But early in its development, the Areo Nerf gliders had one critical problem: they didn't fly so well. Through NASA's Northeast Regional Technology Transfer Center, Hasbro was li"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-173", "LARC-SO-173", "Spherical Camera", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Developed largely through a Small Business Innovation Research contract through Langley Research Center, Interactive Picture Corporation's IPIX technology provides spherical photography, a panoramic 360-degrees. NASA found the technology appropriate for use in guiding space robots, in the space shut"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-174", "LARC-SO-174", "A Real Attention-Getter", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Langley Research Center awarded CyberLearning Technology an exclusive license to transform the EAST technology into a fun and exciting video game platform that could safely improve brain functioning for individuals with attention disorders, as well as those who endure high stress and anxiety. In 200"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-175", "LARC-SO-175", "A Boom in Boomerangs", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Ted Bailey, a highly-ranked international boomerang designer and thrower, used information from a variety of NASA technical reports on aerodynamics and low-speed airfoils to design more competitive boomerangs. Because the boomerang is essentially an airfoil like an airplane wing, the technology tran"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-176", "LARC-SO-176", "Safeguarding Porpoises", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "The NetMark 1000 by the Dukane Corporation, used to safeguard porpoises from net entanglement, employs technology developed in the late 1960s by NASA engineers at the Langley Research Center. It is based on an underwater location aid, able to withstand high impact, then emit multidirectional signals"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-177", "LARC-SO-177", "Contaminant Monitor Laser", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Under a Small Business Innovation Research contract from Langley Research Center, OPOTEK, Inc. developed a laser transmitter for remote sensing of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. As a leader in developing and using Differential Absorption Lidar, a remote sensing technique to monitor ozone and w"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-178", "LARC-SO-178", "Winglets for the Airlines", "transportation", "LARC", "Originally developed as part of the Aircraft Energy Efficiency Program in the 1970's, winglets are now used by long-ranging aircraft as well as business jets and smaller planes. The winglet is an upturned wingtip, a lifting surface designed to operate in the wingtip vortex a whirlpool of air at an a"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-179", "LARC-SO-179", "Lightning Protection", "transportation", "LARC", "Kit-built airplanes are more affordable because they are assembled by the owner and do not require Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification. The Glasair III, is an advanced technology homebuilt, constructed of a fiberglass and graphite fiber composite material, and equipped with digital i"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-18", "LARC-SO-18", "Signal Processor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Macrodyne, Inc.'s Model 3100 Frequency Domain Processor is an innovative instrument that significantly increases the amount and accuracy of information available from laser velocimeter flow measurement systems. The innovation permits use of laser velocimetry in industrial applications where extremel"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-180", "LARC-SO-180", "A Motionless Camera", "computer technology", "LARC", "Omniview, a motionless, noiseless, exceptionally versatile camera was developed for NASA as a receiving device for guiding space robots. The system can see in one direction and provide as many as four views simultaneously. Developed by *Omniview, Inc. (formerly TRI) under a NASA Small Business Innov"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-181", "LARC-SO-181", "Data Acquisition Systems", "computer technology", "LARC", "In the mid-1980s, Kinetic Systems and Langley Research Center determined that high speed CAMAC (Computer Automated Measurement and Control) data acquisition systems could significantly improve Langley's ARTS (Advanced Real Time Simulation) system. The ARTS system supports flight simulation R&D, and "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-182", "LARC-SO-182", "Infrared Fiber Optic Sensors", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Successive years of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from Langley Research Center to Sensiv Inc., a joint venture between Foster-Miller Inc. and Isorad, Ltd., assisted in the creation of remote fiber optic sensing systems. NASA's SBIR interest in infrared, fiber optic sensor techn"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-183", "LARC-SO-183", "Structural Analysis and Design Software", "computer technology", "LARC", "Collier Research and Development Corporation received a one-of-a-kind computer code for designing exotic hypersonic aircraft called ST-SIZE in the first ever Langley Research Center software copyright license agreement. Collier transformed the NASA computer code into a commercial software package ca"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-184", "LARC-SO-184", "A Boon for the Architect Engineer", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Langley Research Center's need for an improved construction specification system led to an automated system called SPECSINTACT. A catalog of specifications, the system enables designers to retrieve relevant sections from computer storage and modify them as needed. SPECSINTACT has also been adopted b"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-185", "LARC-SO-185", "Profiling System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "A non-destructive testing system, originally developed for Langley Research Center, is sold commercially. The DyLASP Profilometer locates defects in composite and metallic materials and assemblies. It operates in real time and displays results as a contour map of the assembly with defects indicated "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-186", "LARC-SO-186", "Disk Drives", "computer technology", "LARC", "A new material known as AlBeMet, developed by Brush Wellman for research applications in the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP) program, is now used for high performance disk drives. AlBeMet is a compression of aluminum, beryllium metal matrix composite. It reduces system weight and its high thermal c"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-187", "LARC-SO-187", "Technology for Safer Skies", "public safety", "LARC", "The Bendix RDR-4B airborne weather radar, developed by Allied Signal Commercial Avionic Systems, is the product of a decade-long Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/NASA/industry/academia research program. Numerous aircraft accidents had occurred because of windshear, a sudden shift in wind direct"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-188", "LARC-SO-188", "Technology for Safer Skies (WXR-700)", "public safety", "LARC", "After a decade of cooperation and research by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), NASA, the aircraft industry and academia, Langley Research Center developed microburst sensors to detect and avoid windshear. Windshear, a sudden shift in wind direction and velocity, causes intense downdrafts a"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-189", "LARC-SO-189", "Temperature Sensing for Oil, Gas, and Structural Analysis", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "The X-33 was intended to pave the way for a full-scale, commercially developed reusable launch vehicle to be built for NASA by the Lockheed Martin Corporation after the turn of the century. Due to technical problems with the vehicle's composite liquid hydrogen tanks, the X-33 program was cancelled i"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-19", "LARC-SO-19", "Offsetting Gravity", "health and medicine", "LARC", "The Coastal Center and the NASA Biomedical Team are working together to adapt a suspension device that simulates weightlessness. Attempts to approximate weightlessness have led astronauts underwater and into harnesses that suspend all or part of their weight. One such device, built at Langley Resear"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-190", "LARC-SO-190", "Open-Lattice Composite Design Strengthens Structures", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Advanced composite materials and designs could eventually be applied as the framework for spacecraft or extraterrestrial constructions for long-term space habitation. One such structure in which NASA has made an investment is the IsoTruss grid structure, an extension of a two-dimensional isogrid\" co"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-193", "LARC-SO-193", "Advanced Airfoils Boost Helicopter Performance", "transportation", "LARC", "Carson Helicopters Inc. licensed the Langley RC4 series of airfoils in 1993 to develop a replacement main rotor blade for their Sikorsky S-61 helicopters. The company's fleet of S-61 helicopters has been rebuilt to include Langley's patented airfoil design, and the helicopters are now able to carry "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-194", "LARC-SO-194", "‘NASA Invention of the Year’ Controls Noise and Vibration", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Developed at NASA's Langley Research Center, the Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) is designed to control vibration, noise, and deflections in composite structural beams and panels. Smart Material Corporation specializes in the development of piezocomposite components, and licensed the MFC technology from"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-195", "LARC-SO-195", "Chemical-Sensing Cables Detect Potential Threats", "public safety", "LARC", "Intelligent Optical Systems Inc. (IOS) completed Phase I and II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with NASA's Langley Research Center to develop moisture- and pH-sensitive sensors to detect corrosion or pre-corrosive conditions, warning of potentially dangerous conditions before si"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-196", "LARC-SO-196", "Periodontal Probe Improves Exams, Alleviates Pain", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Visual Programs Inc., of Richmond, Virginia, licensed the Periodontal Structures Mapping System from Langley Research Center. The resulting Ultrasonagraphic Probe (USProbe) is a noninvasive tool to make and record differential measurements of a patient's periodontal ligaments. The USProbe automatica"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-198", "LARC-SO-198", "Monitoring Wake Vortices for More Efficient Airports", "transportation", "LARC", "NASA's Langley Research Center, working with the FAA on a joint project known as the Wake Turbulence Research Program, conducted research on the wake vortices at the Denver International Airport. The research teams used WindTracer as a ground truth sensor for these wake vortex acoustic tests. WindTr"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-199", "LARC-SO-199", "NASA’s Radio Frequency Bolt Monitor: A Lifetime of Spinoffs", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "An ultrasonic bolt elongation monitor developed by a NASA scientist in the 1970s for testing tension and high pressure loads on bolts and fasteners has continued to evolve over the past three decades. Today, the same scientist and Luna Innovations, Inc., are using a digital adaptation of this same d"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-2", "LARC-SO-2", "Out of the Lab...Into the Real World", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Big Sky Laser Technologies of Bozeman, MT is a developer of compact, ruggedized commercial and developmental laser systems, including small medical lasers and Lidars used in NASA tracking applications. Company engineers developing new laser products determined that NASA technology for detection and "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-20", "LARC-SO-20", "Crew Escape System", "computer technology", "LARC", "To calculate mass properties of rocket motors and gas generators for escape systems, Talley Industries of Arizona, Inc. engineers use a computer program developed by Langley Research Center. Called MASPROP, the program performs calculations needed to determine the center of gravity for a particular "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-200", "LARC-SO-200", "Intelligent Memory Module Overcomes Harsh Environments", "computer technology", "LARC", "3D Plus USA Inc., of McKinney, Texas, licensed Radiation Tolerant Intelligent Memory Stack technology from Langley for systems and methods to detect a failure event in field programmable gate arrays. In partnership with Langley, 3D Plus developed the first high-density and fast access time memory mo"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-201", "LARC-SO-201", "3-D Highway in the Sky", "transportation", "LARC", "Aeronautics researchers at NASA's Langley Research Center teamed with Chelton Flight Systems and the FAA's Alaskan Capstone Project, a technology-focused safety program which seeks safety and efficiency gains in aviation by accelerating implementation of modern technology. The result of the collabor"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-202", "LARC-SO-202", "Advanced Joining Technology: Simple, Strong, and Secure", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Work done at NASA's Langley Research Center in the realm of active solder joining has led to a new, self-bonding solder that enables high conductivity, as well as the metallic joining of carbon and ceramic materials to a wide range of metals. The original work involved evaluating high- and low- temp"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-203", "LARC-SO-203", "Polymer Coats Leads on Implantable Medical Device", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Langley Research Center's Soluble Imide was licensed by Medtronic Inc., of Minneapolis, Minnesota, for use as insulation on thin metal wires connected to its implantable cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, for patients experiencing heart failure. The devices resynchronize the contractions of "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-204", "LARC-SO-204", "Bringing Thunder and Lightning Indoors", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Scientists at Langley Research Center developed a piezoelectric device that is superior in many ways to those that were previously commercially available. It is tougher, has far greater displacement and greater mechanical load capacity for a comparative voltage operation, can be easily produced at a"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-205", "LARC-SO-205", "Immersive Photography Renders 360º Views", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "An SBIR contract through Langley Research Center helped Interactive Pictures Corporation, of Knoxville, Tennessee, create an innovative imaging technology. This technology is a video imaging process that allows real-time control of live video data and can provide users with interactive, panoramic 36"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-206", "LARC-SO-206", "Free-Flowing Solutions for CFD", "computer technology", "LARC", "FIELDVIEWT is the premier product of JMSI, Inc., d.b.a. Intelligent Light, a woman-owned, small business founded in 1994 and located in Lyndhurst, New Jersey. In the early 1990s, Intelligent Light entered into a joint development contract with a research-based company to commercialize the post-proce"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-207", "LARC-SO-207", "Sensing the Tension", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Micro Control, an automotive inspection company, obtained the licenses to two Langley patents to provide an improved-but-inexpensive means of ultrasonic tension measurement. Prior to the licensing agreement, the company's existing standard product could measure up to four channels of torque/tension "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-208", "LARC-SO-208", "Wireless Fluid-Level Measurement System Equips Boat Owners", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "While developing a measurement acquisition system to be used to retrofit aging aircraft with vehicle health monitoring capabilities, Langley Research Center developed an innovative wireless fluid-level measurement system. The NASA technology was of interest to Tidewater Sensors LLC, of Newport News,"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-209", "LARC-SO-209", "Steering Aircraft Clear of Choppy Air", "transportation", "LARC", "A team of researchers at Langley Research Center developed two special technologies that can automatically alert pilots of potentially hazardous turbulence conditions, in real time. The first technology, called the Enhanced Turbulence (E-Turb) Mode Radar, is software in an aircraft's radar that can "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-21", "LARC-SO-21", "Technology for Smoother Transit", "transportation", "LARC", "Langley Research Center has developed a portable, self contained ride quality meter for accessing ride quality during vehicle operation. System is applicable to air, sea, road, or track vehicles for estimating passenger ride comfort in the presence of complex vibrations and interior noise. Meter has"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-210", "LARC-SO-210", "InFlight Weather Forecasts at Your Fingertips", "transportation", "LARC", "The WSI InFlightT Cockpit Weather System provides a continuous, satellite-based broadcast of weather information to a portable or panel-mounted display inside aircraft cockpits. With complete coverage and content for the continental United States at any altitude, the system is specifically designed "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-211", "LARC-SO-211", "Smoke Mask", "public safety", "LARC", "The Smoke Mask, Inc. (SMI) personal escape hood and Guardian Filtration System provide respiratory protection that enables people to escape from hazardous and unsafe conditions. The breathing filter technology utilized in the products is specifically designed to supply breathable air for 20 minutes."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-212", "LARC-SO-212", "Space Age Swimsuit Reduces Drag, Breaks Records", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Because of Langley Research Center's experience in studying the forces of friction and drag, Los Angeles-based SpeedoUSA asked the Agency to help design a swimsuit shortly after the 2004 Olympics. The LZR Racer reduces skin friction drag 24 percent more than the previous Speedo racing suit. The rese"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-213", "LARC-SO-213", "Fiber Optic Sensing Monitors Strain and Reduces Costs", "public safety", "LARC", "Luna Technologies, a division of Luna Innovations Incorporated, based in Blacksburg, Virginia, licensed technologies developed at Langley Research Center as part of the ultrasonic dynamic vector stress sensor. Luna released the Optical VectorF Analyzer (OVA), Distributed Sensing System (DSS), and th"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-214", "LARC-SO-214", "From Rockets to Racecars", "transportation", "LARC", "Racecar drivers are benefiting from air filtration systems based on work done at Langley Research Center to develop a family of catalysts for low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide and other gases. Originally designed as part of an atmospheric satellite project, where the catalysts were intend"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-215", "LARC-SO-215", "Development of a Digital Image Measurement System", "public safety", "LARC", "As part of the NASA Aging Aircraft Research program's goal to develop reliable, predictive methods for assessing the residual strength of aging aerospace structures, Langley Research Center partnered with University of South Carolina researchers to develop Digital Image Correlation. This data analys"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-216", "LARC-SO-216", "NASA Helps Design the ‘Cockpit of the Future’", "transportation", "LARC", "The Small Aircraft Transportation System Network (SATS-Net) was the communications infrastructure for NASA's vision to reduce doorstop destination travel times by half in 10 years and two-thirds in 25 years. Dynamic Systems Integration (DSI) of Virginia Beach, Virginia, a voice, video, security, and"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-217", "LARC-SO-217", "Saving Space and Time: The Tractor That Einstein Built", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "In 1984, NASA initiated the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) program to test two unverified predictions of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.To test these predictions, the Space Agency and researchers at Stanford University developed an experiment that would check, with extreme precision, tiny ch"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-218", "LARC-SO-218", "Nontoxic Resins Advance Aerospace Manufacturing", "transportation", "LARC", "The 2008 NASA Commercial Invention of the Year PETI-330, is a polyimide matrix resin that performs well at high temperatures and is easily processed into composites in a simple, short-curing cycle. Invented by scientists at Langley Research Center, PETI-330 is now licensed to Ube Industries, based i"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-22", "LARC-SO-22", "Thinking Like a Human", "computer technology", "LARC", "Accurate Automation Corporation (AAC) of Chattanooga, TN, developed a neural network processor (NNP) for use onboard the NASA- and Air Force-sponsored LoFLYTE aircraft. The processor is modeled after connections in the brain."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-220", "LARC-SO-220", "Modeling Languages Refine Vehicle Design", "computer technology", "LARC", "Cincinnati, Ohio's TechnoSoft Inc. is a leading provider of object-oriented modeling and simulation technology used for commercial and defense applications. With funding from SBIR contracts issued by Langley Research Center, the company continued development on its adaptive modeling language, or AML"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-221", "LARC-SO-221", "Insulating Foams Save Money, Increase Safety", "transportation", "LARC", "Scientists at Langley Research Center created polyimide foam insulation for reusable cryogenic propellant tanks on the space shuttle. Meanwhile, a small Hialeah, Florida-based business, PolyuMAC Inc., was looking for advanced foams to use in the customized manufacturing of acoustical and thermal ins"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-222", "LARC-SO-222", "Tools Lighten Designs, Maintain Structural Integrity", "transportation", "LARC", "Collier Research Corporation, of Hampton, Virginia, licensed software developed at Langley Research Center to reduce design weight through the use of composite materials. The first license of NASA-developed software, it has now been used in everything from designing next-generation cargo containers,"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-223", "LARC-SO-223", "Polyimide Resins Resist Extreme Temperatures", "transportation", "LARC", "To combat the high temperatures in aerospace applications, Dr. Ruth Pater of Langley Research Center developed RP-46, a polyimide resin capable of withstanding the most brutal temperatures while still being lightweight (less than half the weight of aluminum), chemical and moisture resistant, strong,"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-224", "LARC-SO-224", "Tail Rotor Airfoils Stabilize Helicopters, Reduce Noise", "transportation", "LARC", "Founded by former Ames Research Center engineer Jim Van Horn, Van Horn Aviation of Tempe, Arizona, built upon a Langley Research Center airfoil design to create a high performance aftermarket tail rotor for the popular Bell 206 helicopter. The highly durable rotor has a lifetime twice that of the or"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-225", "LARC-SO-225", "Personal Aircraft Point to the Future of Transportation", "transportation", "LARC", "NASA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, as well as a number of Agency innovations, have helped Duluth, Minnesota-based Cirrus Design Corporation become one of the world's leading manufacturers of general aviation aircraft. SBIRs with L"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-227", "LARC-SO-227", "Rocket-Powered Parachutes Rescue Entire Planes", "public safety", "LARC", "Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Langley Research Center helped BRS Aerospace, of Saint Paul, Minnesota, to develop technology that has saved 246 lives to date. The company's whole aircraft parachute systems deploy in less than 1 second thanks to solid rocket motors and are c"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-228", "LARC-SO-228", "Terahertz Tools Advance Imaging for Security, Industry", "public safety", "LARC", "Picometrix, a wholly owned subsidiary of Advanced Photonix Inc. (API), of Ann Arbor, Michigan, invented the world's first commercial terahertz system. The company improved the portability and capabilities of their systems through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) agreements with Langley Rese"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-23", "LARC-SO-23", "Riblets for Stars and Stripes", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Stars and Stripes racing yacht brought the American's Cup back to the United States. Originating from NASA's drag reduction technology, the boats secret weapon\" was that the hull's underside was coated with riblets. Riblets are small barely visible grooves on the surface of an airplane intended to r"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-230", "LARC-SO-230", "Compact, Robust Chips Integrate Optical Functions", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Located in Bozeman, Montana, AdvR Inc. has been an active partner in NASA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. Langley Research Center engineers partnered with AdvR through the SBIR program to develop new, compact, lightweight electro-op"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-232", "LARC-SO-232", "Integrated Design Tools Reduce Risk, Cost", "transportation", "LARC", "Thanks in part to a SBIR award with Langley Research Center, Phoenix Integration Inc., based in Wayne, Pennsylvania, modified and advanced software for process integration and design automation. For NASA, the tool has resulted in lower project costs and reductions in design time; clients of Phoenix "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-234", "LARC-SO-234", "Custom Machines Advance Composite Manufacturing", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Through the SBIR program, Accudyne Systems Inc. of Newark, Delaware, developed a device for creating thermoplastic composite structures without the use of an expensive autoclave. The partnership yielded technology for the company_s commercial, custom-built composite manufacturing machines, helping a"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-235", "LARC-SO-235", "Polyimide Foams Offer Superior Insulation", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Pennville, Indiana-based GFT LLC licensed the TEEK polyimide foams from Langley Research Center. The company now offers the foams in a variety of forms to provide safe, high-performance, environmentally friendly insulation for pipes on marine vessels and other applications. The company recently comp"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-236", "LARC-SO-236", "Pressure-Sensitive Paints Advance Rotorcraft Design Testing", "transportation", "LARC", "Partnering with Langley Research Center through the SBIR program, Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc. of Dayton, Ohio, developed enhanced pressure-sensitive paint technology for gathering essential aerodynamic data from high-speed, unstable surfaces such as rotorcraft blades. The efficient, cost-ef"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-237", "LARC-SO-237", "Speech Recognition Interfaces Improve Flight Safety", "transportation", "LARC", "Entering a flight plan into a GPS is time-consuming and poses a safety hazard for pilots. VoiceFlight Systems LLC, in Troy, New York, created a speech recognition interface to replace manual inputs. With support from an SBIR contract from Langley Research Center, the VSF101 became the first Federal "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-238", "LARC-SO-238", "Simulation Packages Expand Aircraft Design Options", "computer technology", "LARC", "In 2001, NASA released a new approach to computational fluid dynamics that allows users to perform automated analysis on complex vehicle designs. In 2010, Palo Alto, California-based Desktop Aeronautics acquired a license from Ames Research Center to sell the technology. Today, the product assists o"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-239", "LARC-SO-239", "Camera Systems Rapidly Scan Large Structures", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Needing a method to quickly scan large structures like an aircraft wing, Langley Research Center developed the line scanning thermography (LST) system. LST works in tandem with a moving infrared camera to capture how a material responds to changes in temperature. Princeton Junction, New Jersey-based"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-24", "LARC-SO-24", "The Material With a Need for Speed", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "PETI-5 is the commonly used term for phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomers, and the 5 refers to the fifth formulation out of 200 compositions. It is a chemical material that can be used as both a resin and an adhesive. Prepared from commercially available materials, PETI-5 combines superb mechani"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-240", "LARC-SO-240", "Thin Films Protect Electronics from Heat and Radiation", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "While Anne St. Clair worked on high performance polyimides at Langley Research Center, she noticed that some of the films were nearly colorless. The polyimides became known as LaRC-CP1 and LaRC-CP2, and were licensed by NeXolve Corporation, based in Huntsville, Alabama. Today, NeXolve provides polyi"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-241", "LARC-SO-241", "Experiments Result in Safer, Spin-Resistant Aircraft", "transportation", "LARC", "The General Aviation Spin Program at Langley Research Center devised the first-of-their-kind guidelines for designing more spin-resistant aircraft. Thanks to NASAճ contributions, the Federal Aviation Administration introduced the Part 23 spin-resistance standard in 1991. Los Angeles-based ICON Aircr"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-242", "LARC-SO-242", "Interfaces Visualize Data for Airline Safety, Efficiency", "transportation", "LARC", "As the A-Train Constellation orbits Earth to gather data, NASA scientists and partners visualize, analyze, and communicate the information. To this end, Langley Research Center awarded SBIR funding to Fairfax, Virginia-based WxAnalyst Ltd. to refine the companyճ existing user interface for Google Ea"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-243", "LARC-SO-243", "Catalytic Converters Maintain Air Quality in Mines", "public safety", "LARC", "At Langley Research Center, engineers developed a tin-oxide based washcoat to prevent oxygen buildup in carbon dioxide lasers used to detect wind shears. Airflow Catalyst Systems Inc. of Rochester, New York, licensed the technology and then adapted the washcoat for use as a catalytic converter to tr"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-244", "LARC-SO-244", "Brainwave Monitoring Software Improves Distracted Minds", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Neurofeedback technology developed at Langley Research Center to monitor pilot awareness inspired Peter Freer to develop software for improving student performance. His company, Fletcher, North Carolina-based Unique Logic and Technology Inc., has gone on to develop technology for improving workplace"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-245", "LARC-SO-245", "Radiant Barriers Save Energy in Buildings", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Langley Research Center needed to coat the Echo 1 satellite with a fine mist of vaporized metal, and collaborated with industry to create \"radiant barrier technology.\" In 2010, Ryan Garrett learned about a new version of the technology resistant to oxidation and founded RadiaSource in Ogden, Utah, t"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-246", "LARC-SO-246", "Ubiquitous Supercritical Wing Design Cuts Billions in Fuel Costs", "transportation", "LARC", "A Langley Research Center engineer_s work in the 1960s and _70s to develop a wing with better performance near the speed of sound resulted in a significant increase in subsonic efficiency. The design was shared with industry. Today, Renton, Washington-based Boeing Commercial Airplanes, as well as mo"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-247", "LARC-SO-247", "Laser Imaging Video Camera Sees through Fire, Fog, Smoke", "public safety", "LARC", "Under a series of SBIR contracts with Langley Research Center, inventor Richard Billmers refined a prototype for a laser imaging camera capable of seeing through fire, fog, smoke, and other obscurants. Now, Canton, Ohio-based Laser Imaging through Obscurants (LITO) Technologies Inc. is demonstrating"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-248", "LARC-SO-248", "Sound Modeling Simplifies Vehicle Noise Management", "computer technology", "LARC", "Under two SBIR contracts with Langley Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan-based Comet Technology Corporation developed Comet EnFlow, a software program capable of predicting both high- and low-frequency noise and vibration behavior in plane fuselages and other structures. The company now markets th"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-249", "LARC-SO-249", "Data Visualizer Enhances Modeling for Cars, Consumer Products", "transportation", "LARC", "Computational fluid dynamics has come a long way in the past few decades, and Intelligent Light Inc., of Rutherford, New Jersey, continues to be a leader in the field. From its first SBIR contracts with Langley Research Center, the company_s FieldView product has evolved past visualization capabilit"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-25", "LARC-SO-25", "Smooth Passage for the Jetfoil", "transportation", "LARC", "NASA information led to Boeing's design of a computer controlled system that automatically changes the pitch of hydrofoils in response to changes in the water movement eliminating much of the oscillation experienced by hydrofoils moving rapidly through the water. Result, a rough-water quality ride u"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-250", "LARC-SO-250", "Lightweight, Ultra-Strong Nanotubes to Transform Industry", "transportation", "LARC", "First synthesized in the mid-1990s, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) are strong, lightweight, and heat-resistant and absorb neutron and ultraviolet radiation_making them ideal spacecraft heat shields. But no method existed to create them in appreciable quantities until Langley Research Center accompli"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-251", "LARC-SO-251", "Open Source Aircraft Design Software Helps Industry, Hobbyists", "transportation", "LARC", "For years, the only people with access to computer-aided drafting software were engineers. Hobbyist aviators were left out, until a group of engineers from Langley Research Center and California Polytechnic State University teamed up to create OpenVSP, an open source program for designing aircraft a"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-252", "LARC-SO-252", "Modified Monitor Provides Glasses-Free 3D for Pilots, Gamers", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Pilots have to vigorously monitor a mental checklist while flying planes. In the hopes of making things easier for them, Langley Research Center has been working with Rochester, New York-based Dimension Technologies Inc., for several years to develop displays capable of 3D imaging without requiring "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-253", "LARC-SO-253", "Software Optimizes Designs from Spaceships to Wind Turbines", "computer technology", "LARC", "Craig Collier created software at Langley Research Center in the late 1980s to optimize designs for a planned hypersonic spaceplane. He later founded Newport News, Virginia-based Collier Research Corporation and continued developing the software, which calculated weights of different vehicle configu"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-254", "LARC-SO-254", "Electro-Optic Ceramic Creates High-Speed Fiber-Optic Networks", "computer technology", "LARC", "A 2002 SBIR with Langley Research Center allowed Boston Applied Technologies Inc. (BATi) to demonstrate an electro-optic ceramic it had developed but not proven. Electro-optic ceramics alter properties of light based on applied electrical charges. The Woburn, Massachusetts-based company designed a l"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-258", "LARC-SO-258", "CO2 Sensors Monitor Vehicle Emissions from Above", "transportation", "LARC", "Through the ASCENDS project, NASA hopes to learn more about how carbon dioxide (CO2) seasonally concentrates and dissipates in the atmosphere. A contractor from Langley Research Center who worked on the project went on to found Knoxville, Tennessee-based Hager Environmental and Atmospheric Technolog"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-259", "LARC-SO-259", "Professional Development Program Gets Bird’s-Eye View of Wineries", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "As a part of Langley Research Center_s DEVELOP Program_in which students and young professionals from across the country get opportunities to work in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics_NASA used satellite imagery to map vineyards across Virginia in unprecedented detail. "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-26", "LARC-SO-26", "Composite Materials", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Composites are lighter and stronger than metals. Aramid fibers like Kevlar and Nomex were developed by DuPont Corporation and can be combined in a honeycomb structure which can give an airplane a light, tough structure. Composites can be molded into many aerodynamic shapes eliminating rivets and fas"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-260", "LARC-SO-260", "Innovative Design Propels Small Jet Faster, Farther with Less Fuel", "transportation", "LARC", "Honda is best known for budget-friendly, fuel-efficient family cars—not high-powered jets. But that’s just what Honda Aircraft, a division of Honda based in Greensboro, North Carolina, sells. The HondaJet’s innovative design was validated at Langley Research Center’s National Transonic Facility, one"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-261", "LARC-SO-261", "Simplified Aircraft Modeling Packs Weeks of Analysis into Minutes", "transportation", "LARC", "Using software to model how an airplane flies in real-world conditions requires major computing power. Langley Research Center engineer Walter Silva designed software that makes at least one aspect of this modeling much faster, by creating a simplified version of the aircraft structure using a mathe"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-262", "LARC-SO-262", "Planet-Navigating AI “Brain” Helps Drones and Cars Avoid Collisions", "computer technology", "LARC", "When a Langley Research Center engineer read of Neurala’s efforts to develop computers based on neural systems, he called the Boston-based company. Neurala carried out development under three NASA STTR contracts, working to house both processing and memory capabilities in one “brain” rather than rel"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-263", "LARC-SO-263", "Unique Polymer Finds Widespread Use in Heart Devices", "health and medicine", "LARC", "A material that a Langley Research Center scientist stumbled on in the early 1990s has helped to keep hundreds of thousands of patients’ hearts beating properly all over the world. Since 2009, medical technology giant Medtronic, based in Minneapolis, has been using the substance now known as LaRC-SI"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-264", "LARC-SO-264", "Software Helps Design Artery Stents, Lawn Mowers, Airplanes", "transportation", "LARC", "Lockheed Martin developed the Structural Analysis of General Shells (STAGS) code under contract to Langley Research Center in the 1980s. It was a finite element analysis (FEA) program, meaning it broke down models of structures into tiny elements to model a structure’s behavior as a whole. In 2005, "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-265", "LARC-SO-265", "Probes Characterize Air and Water Flows over Aircraft, Yachts", "transportation", "LARC", "A new approach to characterizing high-speed turbulence in wind and fluid flows is on track to become the new standard for wind tunnel measurements. Devices for measuring fluid speed are known as anemometers, and Hampton, Virginia-based Tao Systems Inc. first pioneered the constant voltage anemometer"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-266", "LARC-SO-266", "Biofeedback Loops Aim to Enhance Combat, Sports Training", "public safety", "LARC", "Steadying a computer cursor with your brain might sound far-fetched, but NASA has had the technology for years. In the late 1990s, researchers at Langley Research Center observed different brainwave outputs to measure attention levels. The team found showing subjects their engagement level, as deter"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-267", "LARC-SO-267", "NASA Research Sends Video Game Players on a Journey to Mars", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "What would it be like to build a shelter on Mars? To plant a garden or explore its lava tubes? Now anyone can experience it like never before, in an immersive virtual reality “experience” developed by Miami-based Fusion Media Group Labs. Mars 2030, available for download and free for educators, is t"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-268", "LARC-SO-268", "Brainwaves Reveal Student Engagement, Operate Household Objects", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "In the mid-1990s, a team at Langley Research Center studying pilots’ mental states created an “engagement index” to gauge subjects’ attention levels based on their brainwaves. The team then demonstrated that subjects who were shown their engagement score could learn to control it. Decades later, the"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-269", "LARC-SO-269", "NASA Code Speeds Nation’s Aircraft, Spacecraft Design", "computer technology", "LARC", "In the late 1980s, NASA engineers were working to improve airflow simulation software. The Space Shuttle, with an external fuel tank and solid rocket boosters each generating interacting airflows, posed a distinct challenge. To better model multiple-body problems, a NASA team created the overset-gri"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-27", "LARC-SO-27", "Flow Measurement", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Macrodyne, Inc.'s laser velocimeter (LV) is system used in wind tunnel testing of aircraft, missiles and spacecraft employing electro optical techniques to probe the flow field as the tunnel blows air over a model of flight vehicle and to determine velocity of air and its direction at many points ar"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-270", "LARC-SO-270", "Weight-Estimating Software Helps Design Urban Air Taxis", "t", "LARC", "Designing new concepts for aircraft opens a universe of uncertainty. One important detail is weight, which can be difficult to estimate on a brand-new design. Software built by Long Beach, California company M4 Engineering Inc., with help from SBIR funding from Ames and Langley research centers, as "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-271", "LARC-SO-271", "Flash Lidar Enables Driverless Navigation", "transportation", "LARC", "A special 3D imager, a global shutter flash lidar, is helping NASA sample an asteroid and could soon help cars safely navigate the road. With SBIR and other project funding from multiple centers including Langley Research Center, Santa Barbara, California based Advanced Scientific Concepts Inc. impr"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-272", "LARC-SO-272", "Unique Sensors Will Improve Aerodynamic Design, Aircraft Performance", "transportation", "LARC", "A series of NASA SBIR contracts, most of them with Langley Research Center, let Interdisciplinary Consulting Corporation (IC2) of Gainesville, Florida, invent the first commercial devices to directly measure the localized force that passing air exerts on the surface of a vehicle model, known as wall"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-273", "LARC-SO-273", "Doppler Lidar Makes Self-Driving Cars Safer", "transportation", "LARC", "Navigational Doppler lidar, created to land spacecraft safely, can help self-driving cars successfully navigate rush-hour traffic. Lidar helps in the process of identifying objects such as cars, buildings, and people while providing their speed and direction, if any. Thanks to Hampton, Virginia-base"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-274", "LARC-SO-274", "Laser Enables Precise Measurements for Weather Forecasting, Industry", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Although Hurricane Irma devastated many areas, accurate forecasts helped countless residents prepare. Helping inform those forecasts? Temperature and humidity information from the Cross-Track Infrared Spectrometer, built out of Langley Research Center, which scans the atmosphere from a polar-orbitin"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-275", "LARC-SO-275", "Swarming Technology Lets Drones Work as a Team", "computer technology", "LARC", "As U.S. skies become more crowded, NASA wants to help aircraft coordinate with each other autonomously. Langley Research Center granted SBIR funding to help Heron Systems Inc., based in California, Maryland, advance its Multi-Agent Cooperative Engagement (MACE) technology—software and hardware that "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-276", "LARC-SO-276", "AURA Software Tackles Uncertainty in Complex Systems", "computer technology", "LARC", "Langley Research Center awarded SBIR contracts to Charlottesville, Virginia-based Barron Associates Inc. to build on earlier work the company did with Langley to predict the performance of aircraft diagnostic and control systems. The result, Algorithms for Uncertainty Representation and Analysis (AU"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-278", "LARC-SO-278", "TetrUSS Stacks Up Building Blocks for Aircraft Design", "computer technology", "LARC", "The TetrUSS software suite is available for free to U.S. citizens through a software usage agreement. Aircraft and spacecraft designers, government agencies, academics and many others use the software for a variety of purposes."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-28", "LARC-SO-28", "Reconfigurable Hardware Adapts to Changing Mission Demands", "computer technology", "LARC", "Derivation Systems, Inc., received several SBIR contracts from Langley Research Center to develop hardware and software for high-assurance systems. The company developed leading-edge technology in formal verification, embedded Java,T and reconfigurable computing for its PF3100,T Derivational Reasoni"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-280", "LARC-SO-280", "NASA Brain Training Tech Makes Smart Glasses", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "NASA “engagement index” algorithms gauge attention levels by measuring brainwaves. The results darken glasses to alert users when their concentration strays – and train their brains to stay focused."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-281", "LARC-SO-281", "NASA Microphone Detects Turbulence Hundreds of Miles Away", "transportation", "LARC", "A NASA microphone developed to hear infrasonic noises has been licensed by an aerospace company for their stratospheric glider system"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-282", "LARC-SO-282", "Striking Gold, Helping Farmers", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Officials in five African countries are using a NASA-developed satellite data tool to identify illegal gold mines and conditions on the ground for small farmers struggling with climate change. Parts of the program are expanding to cover more countries across Africa."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-283", "LARC-SO-283", "From Supersonic Jets to Medical Tech", "health and medicine", "LARC", "NASA SBIR funding to research resilient materials for supersonic airplanes helped to create a new kind of polymer. This material caught the eye of a medical technology company, which is now trying it out in more durable medical implants."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-284", "LARC-SO-284", "Simulations, Live Flights, and Flight Simulators", "transportation", "LARC", "After helping NASA develop a drone flight testing environment that incorporates both live and virtual aircraft, Yorkville, New York-based AX Enterprize LLC continued to enhance the system so that its own customers could continue to use it."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-285", "LARC-SO-285", "On the Ground and in the Cloud", "transportation", "LARC", "Beavercreek, Ohio-based CAL Analytics LLC's commercially available detect-and-avoid system for drones was informed by the company’s work testing an Air Force detect-and-avoid system against NASA algorithms."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-286", "LARC-SO-286", "Remotely Piloted and Global", "transportation", "LARC", "While helping NASA develop detect-and-avoid algorithms that eventually validated new safety standards, San Diego, California-based General Atomics developed its own system to help aircraft, including drones, avoid collisions."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-287", "LARC-SO-287", "Swinging the HAMR", "transportation", "LARC", "Founded by a former NASA engineer working with licensed technology he invented at Langley Research Center, Advanced Aircraft Company of Hampton, Virginia has built a hybrid-engine aircraft capable of outlasting battery powered drones."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-288", "LARC-SO-288", "'A Million Baby Steps'", "transportation", "LARC", "Fort Worth, Texas-based American Airlines gave NASA a wealth of information about everything from wait times and crew schedules to ground services. In return, the IADS system helped the airline save millions of gallons of jet fuel, preventing thousands of tons of carbon emissions."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-289", "LARC-SO-289", "Ending Tarmac Gridlock", "transportation", "LARC", "Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina, the second-busiest airport on the East Coast, hosted the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) system development. Giving passengers time in the terminal to grab a meal or charge their phones is one benefit of efficient takeoff s"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-29", "LARC-SO-29", "Laser Crystal", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Lightning Optical Corporation, under an SBIR agreement with Langley Research Center, manufactures oxide and fluoride laser gain crystals, as well as various nonlinear materials. The ultimate result of this research program is the commercial availability in the marketplace of a reliable source of hig"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-290", "LARC-SO-290", "Filling the Gaps", "transportation", "LARC", "Dallas-based Southwest Airlines tested and provided feedback on the IADS feature that enables airlines to review and revise flight routes and request changes. The opportunity to avoid restrictions that can cause delays contributes to more efficient operation, which translates into cost savings."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-291", "LARC-SO-291", "New Solar Array Design Saves Space", "transportation", "LARC", "NASA plans to use solar electric propulsion to send astronauts to Mars, but the technology will require huge solar arrays that take up precious space in a rocket fairing. So a NASA team invented the Compact Telescoping Array concept, which can reduce a stowed solar array’s volume by a third. Now a N"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-292", "LARC-SO-292", "Artificial Eyes Give Pilots a New Worldview", "transportation", "LARC", "Combining ultra-high-definition video streams from multiple cameras on the NASA’s X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology X-plane required new video cards to process the data. A contract with Langley Research Center allowed WOLF Advanced Technology in Cleveland, Ohio to enable the near real-time video disp"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-293", "LARC-SO-293", "Ultrasonic Inspections Protect Astronauts, Boat Owners", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Aerospace Corporation spent two years working under funding from Langley Research Center to develop an ultrasonic scanner capable of detecting subsurface defects in the Orion spacecraft’s heat shield. ABS Group of Companies Inc., based in Spring, Texas, then adopted the technology for use in inspect"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-294", "LARC-SO-294", "Rocket Manufacturing Meets Science Friction", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "SBIR funding from Langley Research Center let a team from Aeroprobe Corporation try out additive friction stir deposition, a new method for 3D printing with metal. The work demonstrated the concept, proved some of its advantages, and started honing the technology. In 2018, MELD Manufacturing Corpora"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-295", "LARC-SO-295", "‘Digital Winglets’ for Real-Time Flight Paths", "transportation", "LARC", "To improve aircraft efficiency and reduce emissions, Langley Research Center developed software that finds optimal routes for airplanes in flight. Through a NASA licensing agreement, APiJET LLC of Seattle built this technology into a commercial plane-routing product, allowing airlines to save both t"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-296", "LARC-SO-296", "Measuring Buzz, Hum, and Rattle", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Collecting flight test noise data or chirps from insects in a field is as simple as laying out a wireless microphone system. Interdisciplinary Consulting Corp. of Gainesville, Florida, worked with Langley Research Center on multiple SBIR contracts to replace the existing bulky, expensive wired syste"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-297", "LARC-SO-297", "From Mars Rovers to Factory Assembly Lines", "computer technology", "LARC", "Boston-based Neurala’s AI vision software identifies product defects during manufacturing using technology developed with STTR funding from NASA’s Langley Research Center, which was investigating bio-inspired planetary rovers."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-298", "LARC-SO-298", "Tweaking Analysis Tools to Give SAGE Advice", "computer technology", "LARC", "Under SBIR funding from Langley Research Center, Quartus Engineering of San Diego tested the tools it used to analyze optical assemblies for an atmosphere-observing satellite. With better modeling and analysis tools, Quartus and NASA hope to cut time and expense from future optical instrument design"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-299", "LARC-SO-299", "Teaching an Old Metal New Tricks", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "In the 1960s, Langley Research Center oversaw a comprehensive investigation of the shape memory alloy nitinol, research that was foundational to nitonol products from Metalwerks, including a new formulation. The Aliquippa, Pennsylvania-based company supplies the medical field and high-tech manufactu"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-3", "LARC-SO-3", "Stress Corrosion Testing", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Advanced testing of structural materials was developed by Lewis Research Center and Langley Research Center working with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Under contract, Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) conducted a study for evaluating stress corrosion cracking, and recommen"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-30", "LARC-SO-30", "Electronic Nose", "public safety", "LARC", "Grace Industries, Inc.'s Electronic Nose is a vapor and gas detector, deriving from NASA's electronic circuitry, capable for sensing the presence of accelerants several days after a fire. The device is powered by rechargeable battery and no special training needed to operate. If an accelerant is pre"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-300", "LARC-SO-300", "Softer Moon Landings for Companies", "transportation", "LARC", "Landing technology developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center is now available from Psionic Inc. of Hampton, Virginia, which holds the license and has been improving the Doppler lidar device."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-301", "LARC-SO-301", "Beat the ‘Heet’ at 400,000 Feet", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Because NASA is always looking for ways to improve thermal insulation, Langley Research Center has entered into multiple SBIRs with the company Heetshield, which then developed insulation for industrial purposes, as well as innovated new methods of manufacturing the insulation for commercial aerospa"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-31", "LARC-SO-31", "Gasoline Vapor Recovery", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Edwards Engineering's gasoline recovery system collects hydrocarbon vapor and channels it through pipes to a condensing unit, a series of refrigerated coils in which the vapor is converted to liquid. The resulting product, a mixture of water and gasoline, drains into a separator unit which removes t"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-32", "LARC-SO-32", "Turbine Manufacture", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Turbodyne Corporation uses NASTRAN to analyze the dynamic behavior of steam turbine components, achieving substantial savings in development costs. NASTRAN is a predictive tool which advises development teams how a structural design will perform under service conditions."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-33", "LARC-SO-33", "Engine Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "In design and analysis phases of advanced aircraft propulsion system and other engines, Teledyne makes extensive use of COSMIC's NASTRAN computer program. NASTRAN serves as an analytical tool for design of many engine components. Teledyne also uses two other COSMIC programs in studies of engine airf"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-34", "LARC-SO-34", "Weight Saving Technology", "transportation", "LARC", "Significant weight reduction was achieved in the twin-turbine S-76 helicopter by use of composite materials, which are generally stronger and lighter than conventional aircraft materials. NASA composite technology played a part in development of the S-76. Sikorsky Aircraft designed and flight tested"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-35", "LARC-SO-35", "Aircraft Design Analysis", "transportation", "LARC", "Development of the Beech Super King Air Airplane, built by Beech Aircraft Corporation, was aided by NASA Computer Program, NASTRAN, which electronically analyzes a computerized design and predicts how it will react to many different conditions of stress and strain. Program was employed to analyze th"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-36", "LARC-SO-36", "Laser Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Tunable diode lasers are employed as radiation sources in high resolution infrared spectroscopy to determine spectral characteristics of gaseous compounds. With other laser systems, they are produced by Spectra-Physics, and used to monitor chemical processes, monitor production of quantity halogen l"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-37", "LARC-SO-37", "Foldable Walker", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Paraplegics, who number about 100,000 in the United States, depend on crutches for their mobility on level ground. There exists a need for a walker specifically designed for stair use. Engineers at Langley Research Center developed a project involving development of a very light walker that is folda"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-38", "LARC-SO-38", "Teletype Tester", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "When teletype system malfunctions it is difficult to pinpoint problems because of the multiple units involved. It usually involves removing the unit and leaving the deaf person without communication. Teletype test unit generates perfect test signals like those sent or received by the teletype system"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-39", "LARC-SO-39", "Design Software", "computer technology", "LARC", "A NASA contractor and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) participant has converted its research into commercial software products for auto design, structural analysis and other applications. ViGYAN, Inc., utilizing the aeronautical research principle of computational fluid dynamics, has creat"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-4", "LARC-SO-4", "Making the EZ Choice", "computer technology", "LARC", "Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc. (AMA), of Hampton, Virginia, created the EZopt software application through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding from NASA's Langley Research Center. The new software is a user-friendly tool kit that provides quick and logical solutions to complex o"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-40", "LARC-SO-40", "Help for the Steel Industry", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "A collaboration between NASA Lewis Research Center (LRC) and Gladwin Engineering resulted in the adaptation of aerospace high temperature metal technology to the continuous casting of steel. The continuous process is more efficient because it takes less time and labor. A high temperature material, o"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-41", "LARC-SO-41", "Lightning Protection", "public safety", "LARC", "An airplane's wingtip tank is being struck by simulated lightning in a test conducted by Lightning Technologies, Inc., a firm specializing in design features to protect aircraft from the hazard of electrical phenomena. Much of the technology employed in tests originated in NASA-sponsored studies foc"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-42", "LARC-SO-42", "Data Acquisition Systems", "computer technology", "LARC", "Technology developed during a joint research program with Langley and Kinetic Systems Corporation led to Kinetic Systems' production of a high speed Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) data acquisition system. The study, which involved the use of CAMAC equipment applied to flight simu"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-43", "LARC-SO-43", "Safety Grooving", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Safety grooving, the cutting of grooves in concrete to increase traction and prevent injury, was first developed to reduce aircraft accidents on wet runways. Represented by the International Grooving and Grinding Association (IG&GA), the industry expanded into highway and pedestrian applications. Th"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-44", "LARC-SO-44", "Tech House Solar Collectors", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Chamberlain Manufacturing Company with Langley Research Center's assistance built the Tech House. The Tech House's principal energy saving comes from using the sun's rays to heat the home and provide domestic hot water. Sunlight is captured by 19 solar collectors on the roof. These south-facing coll"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-45", "LARC-SO-45", "Bulb Miser (1977)", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Bulb Miser Sales contributed their knowledge on energy saving to the Langley Research Center. Even the light bulbs in the Tech House have been examined for cost savings. New device known as bulb miser saves bulbs. Known as a temperature compensating thermistor\" bulb miser which looks the size of a q"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-46", "LARC-SO-46", "Nondestructive Test Probe", "public safety", "LARC", "Under the Aircraft Structural Integrity program, Langley Research Center invented a device to detect fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy plates. Krautkramer Branson obtained an exclusive license and commercialized a hand-held device, the CrackFinder an electromagnetic probe for nondestructive evaluatio"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-47", "LARC-SO-47", "Stress Measurement System", "public safety", "LARC", "Under the Aircraft Structural Integrity program, Langley Research Center and Stress Photonics developed an infrared-based stress measurement system for use in nondestructive evaluation of materials and structures. Stress Photonics commercialized the technology in the DeltaTherm 1000 system, used to "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-48", "LARC-SO-48", "A Force to Reckon With", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Through a licensing agreement with NASA, Face International Corporation has successfully commercialized ferroelectric actuator/sensor technology developed at Langley Research Center. Face International manufactures both ferroelectric actuators and sensors under the trademark Thunder\" (Thin Layer Com"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-49", "LARC-SO-49", "Thin Film...Large Payoff", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "SRS Technologies is currently the only company licensed by Langley Research Center to produce colorless polyimides. They currently produce two polyimides, the LaRC-CP1 and LaRC-CP2 developed by Langley Research Center. These polyimides offer many advantages over other commercially available material"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-5", "LARC-SO-5", "Water Quality Monitor", "public safety", "LARC", "Cylindrical container is water quality probe developed by NASA's Langley Research Center for Environmental Protection Agency in an applications engineering project. It is part of system which includes recording equipment in helicopter, for on-the-spot analysis of water samples. Gives EPA immediate a"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-50", "LARC-SO-50", "Pressure Analysis", "computer technology", "LARC", "FluiDyne Engineering Corporation, Minneapolis, MN is one of the world's leading companies in design and construction of wind tunnels. In its designing work, FluiDyne uses a computer program called GTRAN. With GTRAN, engineers create a design and test its performance on the computer before actually b"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-51", "LARC-SO-51", "Lightplane Wing Design", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Venture, a kit airplane designed and manufactured by Questair, is a high performance lightplane with excellent low speed characteristics and enhanced safety due to NASA technology incorporated in its unusual wing design. In 1987, North Carolina State graduate students and Langley Research Center spe"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-52", "LARC-SO-52", "Sailboard Fin Design", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "In high performance boardsailing, demands on the vertical fin or skeg\" often produce \"spinout\" - when the skeg loses horizontal lift creating a force imbalance and causing the tail of the board to slide sideways. Richard Caldwell RACE Technology Inc. used NASA airfoil technology to solve this proble"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-53", "LARC-SO-53", "On the Wing: A Business-Class Jet", "transportation", "LARC", "Cessna Aircraft Company was last featured in Spinoff 1991 for the Citation Jet, the industry's current best selling business jet. The newest addition to its fleet is the Citation X (ten), the largest, most complex aircraft ever produced by Cessna, which also has its basis in NASA technology. Aerodyn"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-54", "LARC-SO-54", "Lead Poison Detection", "public safety", "LARC", "With NASA contracts, Whittaker Corporations Space Science division has developed an electro-optical instrument to mass screen for lead poisoning. Device is portable and detects protoporphyrin in whole blood. Free corpuscular porphyrins occur as an early effect of lead ingestion. Also detects lead in"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-55", "LARC-SO-55", "Trace Gas Monitoring", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Space technology is contributing to air pollution control primarily through improved detectors and analysis methods. Miniaturized mass spectrometer is under development to monitor vinyl chloride and other hydrocarbon contaminants in an airborne laboratory. Miniaturized mass spectrometer can be used "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-56", "LARC-SO-56", "Small Particle Pollutants", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "NASA and the EPA are cooperating to measure particle size of all elements in aerosols from airports, coal-fired power stations, municipal waste incinerators, and other combustion aerosol sources. Langley intends to sample the air using its proton- induced x-ray emission technique initially developed"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-57", "LARC-SO-57", "Tech House Tornado Detector", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Another safety device of Tech House is the tornado detector. This is a light sensitive device that attaches to the television set which is tuned to any unused channel. Using the TV's electronics, the system detects a tornado within 18 miles of the home and sounds alarm."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-58", "LARC-SO-58", "Tech House Security System", "public safety", "LARC", "A push-button panel is the control box for Tech House security system which consists of wire intrusion detectors at the doors, windows, and beneath the carpets. Occupants retiring for the night, or before leaving the house, activate system by punching a coded combination of numbers. After that, a st"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-59", "LARC-SO-59", "Exploring with Gravity", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Among oil and mineral prospecting tools are instruments that measure anomalies in gravitational and related fields. These instruments work because density of hydrocarbon bearing rock or ore deposits is different from normal soil. Langley Research Center undertook a six month feasibility study to ada"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-6", "LARC-SO-6", "Ribbed Swimsuit", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Langley Research Center's turbulent-drag reduction technology, as applied to airplanes and the winning yacht in America's Cup, finds another application: swimwear. The Strush SR swimsuit features silicon ribbing or riblets\" at the chest and buttocks reducing friction in the water. Combined with inno"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-60", "LARC-SO-60", "Hang Gliders for Sport", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Hang gliding is growing rapidly. Free Flight produces 1,000 gliders a month and other companies are entering the field. Wing is simple to control, pulling back on control bar allows you to pick up speed and at the same time lowers your altitude. Pushing forward slows your speed and levels you off. B"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-61", "LARC-SO-61", "Building Specifications", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "National Permanant Savings Bank in Washington, DC designed a new building based on a money saving method of preparing building specifications which derived from NASA technology developed to obtain quality construction while holding down cost of launch facilities, test centers, and other structures. "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-62", "LARC-SO-62", "Bolt Stress Monitor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Ultrasonic bolt stress monitor determines whether a bolt is properly tightened. A highly accurate device, monitor is important tool in construction of such structures as pressure vessels, bridges and power plants where precise measurements of stress on a tightened bolt is critical. Overtightened or "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-63", "LARC-SO-63", "Tech House", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Tech House is contemporary three-bedroom home which incorporates NASA technology, the latest commercial building techniques and other innovations all designed to reduce energy and water consumption, and provide new levels of comfort, convenience, security and fire safety. Family is living in Tech Ho"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-64", "LARC-SO-64", "Laboratory Tool", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Veterans Administration medical researchers, along with Langley Research Center are investigating possibility that peritoneal membrane (lining of abdominal cavity) can absorb nutrients and thus provide alternative route for nutrition when intestinal function is impaired. Apparatus (cake box design) "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-65", "LARC-SO-65", "Protective Face Mask", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Mask to protect the physically impaired from injuries to the face and head has been developed by Langley Research Center. It is made of composite materials, usually graphite or boron fibers woven into a matrix. Weighs less than three ounces."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-66", "LARC-SO-66", "Heat Pipes for Alyeska", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "NASA heat pipe technology plays a part in protecting the environment from possible Alaska Oil Spills. Upright supports of pipe line are heat pipes which keep arctic ground frozen. This guards against pipe line rupture by surface dislocations caused by seasonal freezing and thawing."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-67", "LARC-SO-67", "Air Safety Spinoffs", "public safety", "LARC", "Structural Composites Industries, Inc. found that weight saving, even a matter of a few pounds is an important consideration in airplane design and construction. Boeing saved 200 pounds simply by substituting a new type of compressed gas cylinder on their 747 airliners. Weight savings resulted from "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-68", "LARC-SO-68", "Skid Resistance Research", "public safety", "LARC", "NASA developed a five-wheel vehicle series in a mobile laboratory for testing roadway skid resistance. It does job comparable to more expensive test vehicles but at fraction of the cost. Cost is big factor to many communities which need skid resistant data for improving road surfaces but can't affor"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-69", "LARC-SO-69", "Simulation Software", "computer technology", "LARC", "Various NASA Small Business Innovation Research grants from Marshall Space Flight Center, Langley Research Center and Ames Research Center were used to develop the kernel\" of COMCO's modeling and simulation software the PHLEX finite element code. NASA needed it to model designs of flight vehicles; o"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-7", "LARC-SO-7", "Offering an Array of Improvements", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Sensors Unlimited, Inc., with SBIR funding from NASA's Langley Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, developed a monolithic focal plane array for near-infrared imaging. The company developed one- (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D)"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-70", "LARC-SO-70", "Blood Vessel Tension Tester", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Investigators are studying how vascular smooth muscle, muscle in walls of blood vessels, reacts to various stimulants, such as coffee, tea, alcohol, and drugs. Langley developed a miniaturized system whose key components are a micropositioner\" for stretching a length of blood vessel and a strain gag"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-71", "LARC-SO-71", "Archeological Surveys", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Bendix, with IAC assistance found that aerospace scanning techniques can uncover features of prehistoric ruins not visible in conventional aerial photographs. Chaco Canyon, a pre-Columbia Anasazi site in northeastern New Mexico, is a national monument that has been well explored on ground and by aer"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-72", "LARC-SO-72", "Solar Systems", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Domestic solar hot water system produced by Solar One Ltd. benefited from technical expertise provided by a NASA technical support package describing the design and operation of solar heating equipment in NASA Tech House. Company reported that the technical information provided by NASA influenced So"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-73", "LARC-SO-73", "Solar Schematic", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Home is specially designed to accommodate solar heating units, it has roof planes in four directions allowing placement of solar collectors for best exposure to the sun. Plans and complete working blueprints for solar heated house are being marketed by Home Building Service. System can save homeowne"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-74", "LARC-SO-74", "An Energy Saver Called NECAP", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "NASA computer program NECAP, used by Stearns-Roger, Inc., is an energy analysis computer program which considers the many factors related to energy-saving design features for new building or modifications to existing facilities. Program enables examination of a multitude of influences on heat flow i"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-75", "LARC-SO-75", "Oil Industry Aids", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Exxon Production Research Company conducts extensive structural investigations of decks, supporting members, and other platform components using NASTRAN. NASTRAN is a predictive tool which analyzes a computerized design and reports how the structure will react to a great many conditions it will enco"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-76", "LARC-SO-76", "Five Year Flashlight", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "The five year flashlight, developed under NASA contract by Chromally American Corp., has a shelf life of at least that long because there is no power drain on batteries when flashlight is not in use. Light has long shelf life and assured reliability in case needed in an emergency. Reliability was de"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-77", "LARC-SO-77", "Bulp Miser (1978)", "consumer/home/recreation", "LARC", "Bulb Miser, Inc. found that most light bulbs fail because the initial impact of full current is too much for cold filament when you flick on the light switch. The Bulb Miser provides answer to problem for large quantity bulb users. Used in Apollo, it acts as thermal shock absorber and lets filament "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-78", "LARC-SO-78", "Cellulose Insulation", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Fire retardant cellulose insulation is produced by shredding old newspapers and treating them with a combination of chemicals. Insulating material is blown into walls and attics to form a fiber layer which blocks the flow of air. All-Weather Insulation's founders asked NASA/UK-TAP to help. They want"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-79", "LARC-SO-79", "Pollution Measuring System", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Research Ventures, Inc.'s visiplume is a portable, microprocessor-controlled air pollution monitor for measuring sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants, and facilities that manufacture sulfuric acid. It observes smokestack plumes at a distance from the stack obviating the expen"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-8", "LARC-SO-8", "Keeping Track Every Step of the Way", "computer technology", "LARC", "Knowledge Sharing Systems, Inc., a producer of intellectual assets management software systems for the federal government, universities, non-profit laboratories, and private companies, constructed and presently manages the NASA Technology Tracking System, also known as TechTracS. Under contract to L"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-80", "LARC-SO-80", "A New Tool for Industry", "", "LARC", "Ultrasonic P2L2 bolt monitor is a new industrial tool, developed at Langley Research Laboratory, which is lightweight, portable, extremely accurate because it is not subject to friction error, and it is cost-competitive with the least expensive of other types of accurate strain monitors. P2L2 is an "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-81", "LARC-SO-81", "Longhorn Business Jets", "transportation", "LARC", "Developed in NASA's Aircraft Energy Efficiency program and manufactured by Gates Learjet Corporation, the winglet is an aerodynamic innovation designed to reduce fuel consumption and improve airplane performance. Winglets are lifting surfaces designed to operate in the vortex\" or air whirlpool which"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-82", "LARC-SO-82", "Space Technology for Palate Surgery", "health and medicine", "LARC", "University of Miami utilized NASA's spacecraft viewing technology to develop the optical profilometer provides more accurate measurements of cleft palate casts than has heretofore been possible, enabling better planning of corrective surgery. Lens like instrument electronically scans a palate cast p"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-83", "LARC-SO-83", "NASA/State Education Cooperation", "", "LARC", "NASA is cooperating with state departments of education in a number of special education programs. An example is Maryland Summer Centers for Gifted and Talented Students sponsored by the Maryland State Department of Education. Some 2,600 students participated in the 1990 program. One of the 12 cente"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-84", "LARC-SO-84", "Shock Absorbing System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "A lightweight, inexpensive shock-absorbing system, developed by Langley Research Center 20 years ago, is now in service as safety device for an automated railway at Duke University Medical Center. The transportation system travels at about 25 miles per hour, carrying patients, visitors, staff and ca"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-85", "LARC-SO-85", "Agricultural Aircraft Aid", "environment and resource management", "LARC", "Farmers are increasingly turning to aerial applications of pesticides, fertilizers and other materials. Sometimes uneven distribution of the chemicals is caused by worn nozzles, improper alignment of spray nozzles or system leaks. If this happens, job must be redone with added expense to both the pi"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-86", "LARC-SO-86", "Business Jets", "transportation", "LARC", "Learjet Inc.'s Learjet 31 and Learjet 55C both feature NASA developed winglets, nearly vertical extensions of the wing designed to reduce fuel consumption and generally improve airplane's performance. Winglets are lifting surfaces designed to operate in the vortex or air whirlpool that occurs at an "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-87", "LARC-SO-87", "Windshear Prediction", "transportation", "LARC", "Windshear microbursts and extreme air turbulence caused by sudden intense changes in wind direction or speed are difficult to detect and thus dangerous to air traffic. They have been positively identified as the cause of 28 aviation accidents that claimed 491 lives. Many groups are investigating way"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-88", "LARC-SO-88", "STOL Aircraft", "transportation", "LARC", "Michael E. Fisher, President of AeroVisions International, has introduced the Culex light twin engine aircraft which offers economy of operation of a single engine plane, the ability to fly well on one engine, plus the capability of flying from short, unimproved fields of takeoff and landing distanc"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-89", "LARC-SO-89", "NASA/University Technology Cooperation", "", "LARC", "NASA is extensively engaged in cooperative technology development efforts with the nation's research universities. An example of NASA/university cooperation is the work of the Space Technology Center at the University of Kansas (KU) and the KU Center for Research, Inc. (CRINC). Directed by Professor"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-9", "LARC-SO-9", "More Than Just a Polymer", "industrial productivity", "LARC", "Triton atomic Oxygen Resistant polymers (TOR,T ) were developed by Chelmsford, Massachusetts-based Triton Systems, Inc., through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from NASA's Langley Research Center. The new family of polymers comes from a Langley-developed polymer technology, whi"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-90", "LARC-SO-90", "Water Quality Monitor", "public safety", "LARC", "An automated water quality monitoring system was developed by Langley Research Center to meet a need of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Designed for unattended operation in water depths up to 100 feet, the system consists of a subsurface buoy anchored in the water, a surface control unit "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-91", "LARC-SO-91", "Stress Analyzer", "transportation", "LARC", "SPATE 900 Dynamic Stress Analyzer is an acronym for Stress Pattern Analysis by Thermal Emission. It detects stress-induced temperature changes in a structure and indicates the degree of stress. Ometron, Inc.'s SPATE 9000 consists of a scan unit and a data display. The scan unit contains an infrared "], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-92", "LARC-SO-92", "Composite Materials", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Langley Research Center researchers invented an advanced polymer, a chemical compound formed by uniting many small molecules to create a complex molecule with different chemical properties. The material is a thermoplastic polyimide that resists solvents. Other polymers of this generic type are solub"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-93", "LARC-SO-93", "Ultrasonic Monitor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "MicroUltrasonics PLR-1000 is a refined microprocessor-controlled version (usable on bolts, plates, liquids and gases) of the P2L2 developed by Langley Research Center. New technique is for nondestructive measurement of residual stress in various types of structures, for example, nuclear pressure ves"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-94", "LARC-SO-94", "Space Technology for the Iron Foundry", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) initiated development of a plasma melter intended to solve a major problem in the U.S. foundry industry. EPRI is a non-profit organization that manages research and development for some 600 electric utility member companies. For the plasma melter program, EPR"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-95", "LARC-SO-95", "Sterilization System", "health and medicine", "LARC", "Cox Sterile Products, Inc.'s Rapid Heat Transfer Sterilizer employs a heat exchange process that induces rapid air movement; the air becomes the heat transfer medium, maintaining a uniform temperature of 375 degrees Fahrenheit. It features pushbutton controls for three timing cycles for different in"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-96", "LARC-SO-96", "Drone Control System", "computer technology", "LARC", "Drones, subscale vehicles like the Firebees, and full scale retired military aircraft are used to test air defense missile systems. The DFCS computer, developed by IBM Federal Systems Division, can track 10 drones at once. A program called ORACLS is used to generate software to track and control Dro"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-97", "LARC-SO-97", "Advanced Wheelchair", "health and medicine", "LARC", "A prototype lightweight wheelchair based on aerospace technology resulted from a Langley Research Center/University of VA project. The chair weighs 25 pounds and is collapsible. Commercial applications are under consideration."], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-98", "LARC-SO-98", "Lung Diagnosis", "health and medicine", "LARC", "NASA research in aircraft sound production provided a theoretical basis for a mode of the production of human respiratory sounds. Respiratory changes that occur after inhaling cigarette smoke may be recorded and analyzed. The research team includes representatives from the Medical College of Virgini"], ["spinoff", "LARC-SO-99", "LARC-SO-99", "Solid State Laser", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "LARC", "The Titan-CW Ti:sapphire (titanium-doped sapphire) tunable laser is an innovation in solid-state laser technology jointly developed by the Research and Solid State Laser Divisions of Schwartz Electro-optics, Inc. (SEO). SEO is producing the laser for the commercial market, an outgrowth of a program "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-1", "MSFC-SO-1", "Storm Warning Service", "public safety", "MSFC", "A Huntsville meteorologist of Baron Services, Inc. has formed a commercial weather advisory service. Weather information is based on data from Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) collected from antennas in Alabama and Tennessee. Bob Baron refines and enhances MSFC's real time display software. Compu"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-10", "MSFC-SO-10", "Bitsy Thinks Big", "computer technology", "MSFC", "AeroAstro, of Herndon, Virginia, developed a nanospacecraft core module capable of developing recyclable spacecraft designs using standard interfaces. From this core module, known as the BitsyT kernel, custom spacecraft are able to connect mission-specific instruments and subsystems for variation in"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-100", "MSFC-SO-100", "Intelligent Fasteners", "transportation", "MSFC", "Under a Small Business Innovation Research contract from Marshall Space Flight Center, Ultrafast, Inc. developed the world's first, high-temperature resistant, intelligent\" fastener. NASA needed a critical-fastening appraisal and validation of spacecraft segments that are coupled together in space. "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-101", "MSFC-SO-101", "Picturing Video", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Video Pics is a software program that generates high-quality photos from video. The software was developed under an SBIR contract with Marshall Space Flight Center by Redhawk Vision, Inc.--a subsidiary of Irvine Sensors Corporation. Video Pics takes information content from multiple frames of video "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-102", "MSFC-SO-102", "Vision Screening", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "The Visi Screen OSS-C, marketed by Vision Research Corporation, incorporates image processing technology originally developed by Marshall Space Flight Center. Its advantage in eye screening is speed. Because it requires no response from a subject, it can be used to detect eye problems in very young "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-103", "MSFC-SO-103", "Motor Starters", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The power factor controller (PFC) was invented by a NASA engineer. It matches voltage with a motor's actual need by sensing shifts in the relationship between voltage and current flow. With the device, power can be trimmed as much as 65%. Intellinet adopted this technology and designed soft start\" a"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-104", "MSFC-SO-104", "Automated Urinalysis", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Information from NASA Tech Briefs assisted DiaSys Corporation in the development of the R/S 2000 which automates urinalysis, eliminating most manual procedures. An automatic aspirator is inserted into a standard specimen tube, the Sample\" button is pressed and within three seconds a consistent amoun"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-105", "MSFC-SO-105", "Homemade Solar Systems", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Through the use of NASA Tech Briefs, Peter Kask, was able to build a solarized domestic hot water system. Also by applying NASA's solar energy design information, he was able to build a swimming pool heating system with minimal outlay for materials."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-106", "MSFC-SO-106", "Solar System Controller", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "In designing a control for Bethany College's solar heating and cooling system, Apollo Energy Control, Inc. used Marshall Space Flight Center's doe solar and heating and cooling technology. The technology helped the company design a highly reliable, simply operated system with substantial savings in "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-107", "MSFC-SO-107", "Hot and Cold Therapy Eases Pain", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "In the 1960s, NASA civil servant Tom Hughes worked for Marshall Space Flight Center's Quality Control Laboratory as a systems engineer. While there, Hughes gained technical expertise in microwave technology. The expertise Hughes gained during his employment with NASA led him to develop a unique ther"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-108", "MSFC-SO-108", "Wind Generators", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "When Enerpro, Inc. president, Frank J. Bourbeau, attempted to file a patent on a system for synchronizing a wind generator to the electric utility grid, he discovered Marshall Space Flight Center's Frank Nola's power factor controller. Bourbeau advanced the technology and received a NASA license and"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-109", "MSFC-SO-109", "Space Technology for Medical Aids", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Under one of the earliest contracts awarded in the Apollo lunar landing program, Parker Hannifin Corporation developed and produced equipment for controlling the flow of propellants into the mammoth engines of the Saturn moonbooster. Today, Parker is supplying the huge valves that control propellant"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-110", "MSFC-SO-110", "Irrigation System", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Under contract with Marshall Space Flight Center, Midwest Research Institute compiled a Lubrication Handbook intended as a reference source for designers and manufacturers of aerospace hardware and crews responsible for maintenance of such equipment. Engineers of Lindsay Manufacturing Company learne"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-111", "MSFC-SO-111", "Tangleproof Coupling", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Along with Marshall Space Flight Center, Phase 2 Automation developed a unique rotary coupling capable of connecting a large number of electrical cables to a turntable without stressing the cables or tangling them. Device accommodates 246 cables and allows the turntable to rotate through an arc of 3"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-112", "MSFC-SO-112", "Clean Room Apparel", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC), Baxter Healthcare Corporation's predecessor, used the NASA informational base on contamination control technology to improve industrial contamination control technology. When a study determined that microscopic body particles escaping through tiny windows"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-113", "MSFC-SO-113", "Firefighting Trainer", "public safety", "MSFC", "Firefighting trainees conduct fire control exercises using a prototype simulator known as the Emergency Management Computer Aided Training System (EMCAT). Developed by Marshall Space Flight Center (MFS) in response to a request from the Huntsville (AL) Fire Department, EMCAT enables a trainee to ass"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-114", "MSFC-SO-114", "Automatic Welding System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Robotic welding has been of interest to industrial firms because it offers higher productivity at lower cost than manual welding. There are some systems with automated arc guidance available, but they have disadvantages, such as limitations on types of materials or types of seams that can be welded;"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-115", "MSFC-SO-115", "Power Controller", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "The device called the Power Factor Controller (PFC) offers exceptional energy conservation potential by virtue of its ability to sense shifts in the relationship between voltage and current flow, and to match them with the motor's need. Originating from the solar heating/cooling program, the PFC sen"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-116", "MSFC-SO-116", "Space-Derived Sewer Monitor", "public safety", "MSFC", "The QuadraScan Longterm Flow Monitoring System is a second generation sewer monitor developed by American Digital Systems, Inc.'s founder Peter Petroff. Petroff, a former spacecraft instrumentation designer at Marshall Space Flight Center, used expertise based on principles acquired in Apollo and ot"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-117", "MSFC-SO-117", "Scuba Weights", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "The Attitude Adjuster is a system for weight repositioning corresponding to a SCUBA diver's changing positions. Compact tubes on the diver's air tank permit controlled movement of lead balls within the Adjuster, automatically repositioning when the diver changes position. Manufactured by Think Tank "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-118", "MSFC-SO-118", "Rapid Prototyping", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Javelin, a Lone Peak Engineering Inc. Company has introduced the SteamRoller(tm) System as a commercial product. The system was designed by Javelin during a Phase II NASA funded small business project. The purpose of the invention was to allow automated-feed of flexible ceramic tapes to the Laminate"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-119", "MSFC-SO-119", "The Logical Extension", "computer technology", "MSFC", "AuspiceR Corporation developed the Auspice TLXR (The Logical Extension) software platform to effectively mimic the human decision-making process. Auspice TLX automates operations across extended enterprise systems, where any given infrastructure can include thousands of computers, servers, switches,"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-120", "MSFC-SO-120", "Space Age Spuds", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "American Ag-Tech International, Ltd. developed a system called Quantum Tubers through the Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics(a NASA-sponsored Commercial Space Center).Using computerization and technologies originally intended for growing plants in space, the company developed a growt"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-121", "MSFC-SO-121", "Pesticide-Free Device a Fatal Attraction for Mosquitoes", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The Mosquito Killing System utilizes a unique heating source inspired by NASA, along with carbon dioxide, to lure mosquitoes within a 1-acre radius. Since mosquitoes' natural hunting\" techniques involve heat sensing and carbon dioxide detection the Mosquito Killing System employs heat and the carbon"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-122", "MSFC-SO-122", "Prosthesis Material", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "FAB/CAM, a subsidiary of the Harshberger Prosthetic and Orthotic Center, Inc., approached Marshall for help in replacing the heavy, fragile plaster they used to produce master molds for prosthetics. Concurrently, Marshall and Martin Marietta were creating a commercial derivative of the foam insulati"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-123", "MSFC-SO-123", "A Shocking New Pump", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Hydro Dynamics, Inc. received a technical helping hand from NASA that made their Hydrosonic Pump (HPump) a reality. Marshall engineers resolved a bearing problem in the rotor of the pump and recommended new bearings, housings and mounting hardware as a solution. The resulting HPump is able to heat l"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-124", "MSFC-SO-124", "A Faster Fastener", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "A licensing agreement between Marshall Space Flight Center and M&A Screw and Machineworks has brought the quick connect nut to the commercial market. Originally designed as part of a project seeking in-space assembly techniques, the quick connect nut is secured around a bolt merely by pushing it ont"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-126", "MSFC-SO-126", "A Tutor That's Up to the Task", "computer technology", "MSFC", "With assistance from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, a new breed of artificial intelligence-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) for technical training and complex problem-solving has hit the market to provide students and trainees with the decision-making skills necessary to succeed to the"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-127", "MSFC-SO-127", "Electronic Fingerprinting for Industry", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Veritec's VeriSystem is a complete identification and tracking system for component traceability, improved manufacturing and processing, and automated shop floor applications. The system includes the Vericode Symbol, a more accurate and versatile alternative to the traditional bar code, that is scan"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-128", "MSFC-SO-128", "Saving Lives With Rocket Power", "public safety", "MSFC", "Thiokol Propulsion uses NASA's surplus rocket fuel to produce a flare that can safely destroy land mines. Through a Memorandum of Agreement between Thiokol and Marshall Space Flight Center, Thiokol uses the scrap Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) propellant. The resulting Demining Device was develo"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-129", "MSFC-SO-129", "Motion Simulator", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "MOOG, Inc. supplies hydraulic actuators for the Space Shuttle. When MOOG learned NASA was interested in electric actuators for possible future use, the company designed them with assistance from Marshall Space Flight Center. They also decided to pursue the system's commercial potential. This led to "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-13", "MSFC-SO-13", "Innovative Solution to Video Enhancement", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Through a licensing agreement, Intergraph Government Solutions adapted a technology originally developed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center for enhanced video imaging by developing its Video Analyst(TM) System. Marshall's scientists developed the Video Image Stabilization and Registration (VISAR"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-130", "MSFC-SO-130", "Robots for Aircraft Maintenance", "transportation", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center charged USBI (now Pratt & Whitney) with the task of developing an advanced stripping system based on hydroblasting to strip paint and thermal protection material from Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters. A robot, mounted on a transportable platform, controls the waterjet"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-131", "MSFC-SO-131", "Non-Destructive Testing Scanner", "transportation", "MSFC", "Bio-Imaging Research's technology that originated in an aerospace program has come full circle with a new aerospace adaptation called the Advanced Computed Tomography Inspection System, or ACTIS. The medical version of CT scans the human body for tumors or other abnormalities, the ACTIS system finds"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-132", "MSFC-SO-132", "Ultrasonic Maintenance", "public safety", "MSFC", "The Ultraprobe 2000, manufactured by UE Systems, Inc., Elmsford, NY, is a hand-held ultrasonic system that detects indications of bearing failure by analyzing changes in amplitude. It employs the technology of a prototype ultrasonic bearing-failure monitoring system developed by Mechanical Technolog"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-134", "MSFC-SO-134", "Industrial Inspection System (CAT)", "computer technology", "MSFC", "ACTIS+ is a smaller, personal computer version of ACTIS, a computed tomography system which finds its origins in the Apollo lunar landing research. It is used to identify imperfections in aerospace structures and components. Designed to be added to an existing real time radiography system, its compo"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-135", "MSFC-SO-135", "Smart Starter", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A NASA-developed technology provides an effective and economical method of starting standard three phase motors. Firing Circuits, Inc. uses the power factor controller in its Wattstop Reduced Voltage AC Motor Starters. The power factor controller matches voltage with a motor's actual need by continu"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-136", "MSFC-SO-136", "Magnetic Bearing", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "AVCON, Inc. produces advanced magnetic bearing systems for industrial use, offering a unique technological approach based on contract work done at Marshall Space Flight Center and Lewis Research Center. Designed for the turbopump of the Space Shuttle main engine, they are now used in applications su"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-137", "MSFC-SO-137", "Waterjet Impeller", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "North American Marine Jet (NAMJ), Inc. received assistance from Marshall Space Flight Center engineers in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) branch of the Structure and Dynamics Laboratory in improving the proposed design of a new impeller for their jet-propulsion systems. Marshall used advanced"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-138", "MSFC-SO-138", "Space Rose Pleases the Senses", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "International Flavors and Fragrances (IFF), Inc., discovered a new scent, known as the space rose\" note by flying a miniature rose plant called the \"Overnight Scentsation aboard NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery Flight STS-95. IFF and the Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics (WCSAR) partn"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-139", "MSFC-SO-139", "Welding Sensor System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A system originally designed for welding components of the huge Space Shuttle external tank led to a laser-based automated welder for industrial use. A laser sensor tracks the seam where two pieces of metal are to be joined, measures gaps, misfits and automatically corrects welding of torch distance"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-14", "MSFC-SO-14", "Prompt and Precise Prototyping", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Created with funding and support from Marshall under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, the Rapid ToolMakerT is a dual-use technology with applications in both commercial and military aerospace fields. The advanced technology provides cost savings in the design and manufacturing o"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-140", "MSFC-SO-140", "Robot Tools", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Mecanotron, now division of Robotics and Automation Corporation, developed a quick-change welding method called the Automatic Robotics Tool-change System (ARTS) under Marshall Space Flight Center and Rockwell International contracts. The ARTS system has six tool positions ranging from coarse sanding"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-141", "MSFC-SO-141", "Advanced Welding Torch", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "In order to more easily join the huge sections of the Space Shuttle external tank, Marshall Space Flight Center initiated development of the existing concept of Variable Polarity Plasma Arc (VPPA) welding. VPPA welding employs a variable current waveform that allows the system to operate for preset "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-143", "MSFC-SO-143", "Pure Water From a Pure Genius", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Ammonium perchlorate is widely used throughout the aerospace, munitions, and pyrotechnics industries as a primary ingredient in solid rocket and missile propellants, fireworks, and explosive charges. This highly soluble salt has tainted soils and water sources all over the world, and is believed to "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-144", "MSFC-SO-144", "Hollow Retroreflectors", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A hollow retroreflector is a mirror-like instrument that reflects light and other radiations back to the source. After developing a hollow retroreflector for NASA's Apollo-Soyuz mission, PLX, Inc. continued to expand the technology and develop a variety of retroreflector systems. The Lateral Transfe"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-146", "MSFC-SO-146", "Contamination Analyzer", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Measurement of the total organic carbon content in water is important in assessing contamination levels in high purity water for power generation, pharmaceutical production and electronics manufacture. Even trace levels of organic compounds can cause defects in manufactured products. The Sievers Mod"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-147", "MSFC-SO-147", "Oil Spill Cleanup", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Petroleum Remediation Product (PRP) is a new way of cleaning up oil spills. It consists of thousands of microcapsules, tiny balls of beeswax with hollow centers, containing live microorganisms and nutrients to sustain them. As oil flows through the microcapsule's shell, it is consumed and digested b"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-148", "MSFC-SO-148", "Museum Exhibit", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "A TSP from NASA Tech Briefs provided the solution to an electrical problem at a Florida museum. When a model train would not start without a jerk, a Marshall Space Flight Center development called pulse width control was adapted. The new circuit enables the train to start smoothly and reduces constr"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-149", "MSFC-SO-149", "Memory Metals (MEMRYSAFE, FIRECHEK, ULTRAVALVE)", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "A NASA contract led Memry Corporation to the development of commercial products based upon Shape Memory Effect, or the ability of certain metal alloys to change from one shape to another with temperature changes. MEMRYSAFE instantly restricts water flow in shower or sinks before scalding. ULTRAVALVE"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-15", "MSFC-SO-15", "A Winning Cast", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Howmet Research Corporation was the first to commercialize an innovative cast metal technology developed at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. With funding assistance from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Auburn University's Solidification Design Center (a NASA Commercial Space Center), develop"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-150", "MSFC-SO-150", "A Personal Storm Warning Service", "public safety", "MSFC", "Although lightning detection systems operated by government agencies, utilities and other businesses provide storm warnings, this information often does not reach the public until some time after the observations have been made. A low-cost personal lightning detector offers a significant safety adva"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-151", "MSFC-SO-151", "Protein Crystal Growth", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Diversified Scientific, Inc. (DSI), with the support of a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from Marshall Space Flight Center, developed CrystalScore,T the first automated image acquisition, analysis, and archiving system designed specifically for the macromolecular crystal growing "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-152", "MSFC-SO-152", "Voltage Controller", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Power Efficiency Corporation, specifically formed to manufacture and develop products from NASA technology, has a license to a three-phase power factor controller originally developed by Frank Nola, an engineer at Marshall Space Flight Center. Power Efficiency and two major distributors, Performance"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-153", "MSFC-SO-153", "Valve Packing", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "S Glass\" yarn was originally developed by NASA for high temperature space and aeronautical applications. When John Crane Inc. required material that would withstand temperatures higher than 1200 degrees Fahrenheit they contacted Owens-Corning which had developed a number of applications for the mate"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-154", "MSFC-SO-154", "Motion Tracking System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Integrated Sensors, Inc. (ISI), under NASA contract, developed a sensor system for controlling robot vehicles. This technology would enable a robot supply vehicle to automatically dock with Earth-orbiting satellites or the International Space Station. During the docking phase the ISI-developed senso"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-155", "MSFC-SO-155", "Video Golf", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "George Nauck of ENCORE!!! invented and markets the Advanced Range Performance (ARPM) Video Golf System for measuring the result of a golf swing. After Nauck requested their assistance, Marshall Space Flight Center scientists suggested video and image processing/computing technology, and provided lea"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-156", "MSFC-SO-156", "Apparel Manufacture", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center teamed with the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) in 1989 on a program involving development of advanced simulation software. Concurrently, the State of Alabama chartered UAH to conduct a technology advancement program in support of the state's apparel manufactur"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-157", "MSFC-SO-157", "Memory Metals", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Under contract to NASA during preparations for the space station, Memry Technologies Inc. investigated shape memory effect (SME). SME is a characteristic of certain metal alloys that can change shape in response to temperature variations. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Memry used its NASA-acquir"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-158", "MSFC-SO-158", "Emergency Lighting System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "When power outages occurred at Landmark Plastic Corporation, it took seven to twelve minutes for the primary mercury lamps to cool down enough to relight and two to seven minutes for the ELS incandescent lamps to relight. Production could not resume for as much as seven minutes. An article in NASA T"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-159", "MSFC-SO-159", "Spatial Phase Imaging", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Frequently, scientists grow the crystals by dissolving a protein in a specific liquid solution, and then allowing that solution to evaporate. The methods used next have been, variously, invasive (adding a dye that is absorbed by the protein), destructive (crushing protein/salt-crystal mixtures and o"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-16", "MSFC-SO-16", "A New Kind of Curing", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "A new curing method using automated tape placement (ATP) with electron beam (EB), or e-beam, produces a combination known as in situ e-beam curing. Through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Science Research Laboratory, Inc., created the in"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-160", "MSFC-SO-160", "From Video to Photo", "computer technology", "MSFC", "A critical imaging code used to enhance video footage taken from spaceborne imaging instruments is now available within a portable photography tool capable of producing an optimized, high-resolution image from multiple video frames. RedHawk Vision, Inc., developed an image-motion compensation algori"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-161", "MSFC-SO-161", "LED Device Illuminates New Path to Healing", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Quantum Devices Inc., of Barneveld, Wisconsin, was granted a NASA SBIR contract to develop an LED light source for use in a surgical environment. Several SBIR contracts from Marshall Space Flight Center helped develop the High Emissivity Aluminiferous Light-emitting Substrate (HEALS), then successfu"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-162", "MSFC-SO-162", "Material Analysis and Identification", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "KeyMaster Technologies, Inc., collaborated with Marshall Space Flight Center through a Space Act Agreement to develop the hand-held TRACeR III-V device. In addition to the analysis of metals, sophisticated alloys, and lighter elements such as magnesium and silicon, the TRACeR applies an innovative p"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-163", "MSFC-SO-163", "Fluid Flow Technology That Measures Up", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center collaborated with Quality Monitoring and Control (QMC) to apply artificial intelligence technologies to the health management of plant equipment and space propulsion systems. The team created and tested balanced flow meter technology as a result, with QMC founding"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-164", "MSFC-SO-164", "New Outboard Motor Firing on All Pistons", "transportation", "MSFC", "By adopting a high-strength, wear-resistant aluminum alloy from NASA for its latest product line, Bombardier Recreational Products Inc., has created a boater's dream: the first outboard motor engine that will not require oil changes, winterization, spring tune-ups, or scheduled maintenance for 3 yea"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-166", "MSFC-SO-166", "Smart Camera Technology Increases Quality", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center uses smart camera technology for its Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS) on the Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) mission. The mission's goal is to launch an unmanned spacecraft that autonomously docks with an on-orbit satellite without hu"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-167", "MSFC-SO-167", "Lighting the Way for Quicker, Safer Healing", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Based on red light-emitting diode (LED) technology that grows plants in space, the WARP 10 (Warfighter Accelerated Recovery by Photobiomodulation) is a high-intensity, hand-held, portable LED unit intended for the temporary relief of minor muscle and joint pain, arthritis, stiffness, and muscle spas"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-168", "MSFC-SO-168", "Innovative Stemless Valve Eliminates Emissions", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Big Horn Valve Inc. (BHVI), of Sheridan, Wyoming, won a series of SBIR and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) contracts with Kennedy Space Center and Marshall Space Flight Center to explore and develop a revolutionary valve technology. BHVI developed a low-mass, high-efficiency, leak-proof cr"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-169", "MSFC-SO-169", "Precise Measurement for Manufacturing", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "PhaseCamT is a dynamic interferometer system that enables precise measurement of three-dimensional surfaces in the manufacturing industry. With this product, vibrations, moving parts, air turbulence, and other impediments are no longer a serious barrier to interferometric testing. Unlike phase-shift"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-17", "MSFC-SO-17", "Robotic Hand", "public safety", "MSFC", "The Omni-Hand was developed by Ross-Hime Designs, Inc. for Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract. The multiple digit hand has an opposable thumb and a flexible wrist. Electric muscles called Minnacs power wrist joints and the interchangeable d"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-170", "MSFC-SO-170", "Engineering Models Ease and Speed Prototyping", "transportation", "MSFC", "System-response models developed by LMS International NV, a Belgium-based company with over 30 offices worldwide including Troy, Michigan, were used to calculate side-wall loads on J-2X nozzles at Marshall Space Flight Center. The J-2X will power the Ares launch vehicle-NASA's next-generation spacec"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-171", "MSFC-SO-171", "Airing Out Anthrax", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The AiroCide TiO2 is an air-purifier that kills 93.3 percent of airborne pathogens that pass through it, including Bacillus anthraci, more commonly known as anthrax. It is essentially a spinoff of KES Science & Technology, Inc.'s Bio-KES system, a highly effective device used by the produce industry"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-172", "MSFC-SO-172", "NASA Design Strengthens Welds", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process-a combination of extruding and forging-ideal for use when the original metal characteristics must remain as unchanged as possible. While exploring methods to improve the use of FSW in manufacturing, engineers at Marshall Space Flight Cente"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-173", "MSFC-SO-173", "Lockable Knee Brace Speeds Rehabilitation", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Gary Horton, owner and operator of Horton's Orthotic Lab Inc., in Little Rock, Arkansas, was visiting Marshall Space Flight Center when he unexpectedly received assistance with a knee brace he was designing. Marshall engineers shared with him designs they had developed for a lockable joint with a hi"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-174", "MSFC-SO-174", "Outboard Motor Maximizes Power and Dependability", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Developed by Jonathan Lee, a structural materials engineer at Marshall Space Flight Center, and PoShou Chen, a scientist with Huntsville, Alabama-based Morgan Research Corporation, MSFC-398 is a high-strength aluminum alloy able to operate at high temperatures. MSFC-398 was licensed for marine appli"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-175", "MSFC-SO-175", "Images Revealing More Than a Thousand Words", "public safety", "MSFC", "Photon Industries' hyperspectral sensor produces images with applications in food safety, skin health, forensics, and anti-terrorism activities. By separating the visible and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, the sensor captures reflected energy from the object it is imaging an"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-176", "MSFC-SO-176", "Photorefraction Screens Millions for Vision Disorders", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center scientists adapted optics technology for eye screening methods using a process called photorefraction, using a camera system prototype with a specifically angled telephoto lens and flash to photograph a subject's eye. In 1991, NASA transferred the exclusive license for t"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-177", "MSFC-SO-177", "PRP: The Proven Solution for Cleaning Up Oil Spills", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Industry scientists worked with researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Marshall Space Flight Center in the early 1990s to develop PRP, or the Petroleum Remediation Product, for the company Petrol Rem, Inc. In 2004, Universal Remediation, Inc. (UniRemInc), of Pittsburgh, purchased the asset"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-179", "MSFC-SO-179", "New Glass Serves as Window to Cutting-Edge Lasers", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Since 1997, Marshall Space Flight Center's Electrostatic Levitator (ESL) facility has been used to study the characteristics of new metals, ceramics, and glass compounds-in both their hot molten states and as they are cooled to form solid materials. The ESL provides a unique way to test such substan"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-18", "MSFC-SO-18", "Miniature Earthmover", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "International Machinery Corporation (IMC) developed a miniature earthmover, the 1/8 scale Caterpillar D11N Track-type Tractor, with trademark product approval and manufacturing/marketing license from Caterpillar, Inc. Through Marshall Space Flight Center assistance, the company has acquired infrared"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-180", "MSFC-SO-180", "Hybrid Tank Technology", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Composite over-wrapped pressure vessels are used in many areas, from air tanks for firefighters to propellant tanks for deep-space exploration vehicles. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center awarded several Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to HyPerComp Engineering, Inc., for the dev"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-181", "MSFC-SO-181", "Voltage Controller Saves Energy, Prolongs Life of Motors", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "In 1985, Power Efficiency Corporation of Las Vegas licensed NASA voltage controller technology from Marshall Space Flight Center. In the following years, Power Efficiency made patented improvements to the technology and marketed the resulting products throughout the world as the Performance Controll"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-182", "MSFC-SO-182", "Clean Water for Remote Locations", "public safety", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center engineers are working on creating the Regenerative Environmental Control Life Support System, a complex system of devices intended to sustain the astronauts living on the ISS and, in the future, sustain those who are blasting off to the Moon or Mars. The devices make use"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-183", "MSFC-SO-183", "Reflecting on Space Benefits: A Shining Example", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "NASA has long been known for having developed a thin, shiny insulating material, a strong, plastic, vacuum-metallized film with a highly-efficient, infrared-reflective, vapor-deposited coating of aluminum, created to be very lightweight in order to minimize weight impact on vehicle payload while als"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-184", "MSFC-SO-184", "Amorphous Alloy Surpasses Steel and Titanium", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "With the elasticity of plastics and the strength twice that of titanium, LiquidmetalR alloys are poised to redefine materials science in the 21st century. Liquidmetal is the result of a project funded by the California Institute of Technology (CalTech), NASA, and the U.S. Department of Energy to stu"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-185", "MSFC-SO-185", "A Bright Idea for the Eyes", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Westinghouse Lighting Corporation was introduced to NASA by Ben Franklin Technology Partners, a Pennsylvania network that helps local companies develop new products to stimulate the state's economic growth. Dr. Scott Smith, the director of NASA's Space Optics Manufacturing Technology Center at Marsh"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-186", "MSFC-SO-186", "Reading Through Paint", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "PRI Research & Development Corporation collaborated with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to build a hand-held Magneto-Optic Imager (MOI) for detecting data matrix symbols through paint. In addition to detecting codes covered by paint, primers, and laminates, the scanner reads marks obscured by d"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-187", "MSFC-SO-187", "Forecasting Tools Point to Fishing Hotspots", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Private weather forecaster WorldWinds Inc., of Slidell, Louisiana, has employed satellite-gathered oceanic data from Marshall Space Flight Center to create a service that is every fishing enthusiast's dream. The company's FishBytes system uses information about sea surface temperature and chlorophyl"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-188", "MSFC-SO-188", "Innovative Tools Advance Revolutionary Weld Technique", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Nova-Tech Engineering LLC, of Lynnwood, Washington, received a co-exclusive license for Marshall Space Flight Center technology that significantly improves an advanced welding technique called friction stir welding (FSW). The technique creates a superior weld to traditional fusion methods, but leave"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-189", "MSFC-SO-189", "Compact Instruments Measure Heat Potential", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Based in Huntsville, Alabama, AZ Technology Inc. is a woman- and veteran-owned business that offers expertise in electromechanical-optical design and advanced coatings. AZ Technology has received eight SBIR contracts with Marshall Space Flight Center for the development of spectral reflectometers an"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-19", "MSFC-SO-19", "Bank Terminals", "computer technology", "MSFC", "SCI Systems, Inc., under a NASA contract advanced bank terminal technology. Teller transaction terminals are part of advanced, computerized financial system that offers high efficiency in bank operations. Key to systems efficiency is multiplexing, which is simultaneous transmission of large amounts "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-190", "MSFC-SO-190", "Air Purifiers Eliminate Pathogens, Preserve Food", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "NASA-funded researchers produced an ethylene reduction device for a plant growth unit. KES Science and Technology Inc., a Kennesaw, Georgia-based company specializing in sustaining perishable foods, licensed the ethylene scrubbing technology. KES partnered with Akida Holdings, of Jacksonville, Flori"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-191", "MSFC-SO-191", "Robots Save Soldiers’ Lives Overseas", "public safety", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center mobile communications platform designs for future lunar missions led to improvements to fleets of tactical robots now being deployed by the U.S. Army. The Multi-function Agile Remote Control Robot (MARCbot) helps soldiers search out and identify improvised explosive devi"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-192", "MSFC-SO-192", "Smart Sensors Assess Structural Health", "public safety", "MSFC", "NASA frequently inspects launch vehicles, fuel tanks, and other components for structural damage. To perform quick evaluation and monitoring, the Agency pursues the development of structural health monitoring systems. In 2001, Acellent Technologies Inc., of Sunnyvale, California, received Small Busi"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-193", "MSFC-SO-193", "Reflective Coatings Protect People and Animals", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Led by Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA engineers called upon National Metalizing of Cranbury, New Jersey, to help create a reflective sunshield to deploy on Skylab in place of a shield that was lost during launch in 1973. Years later, a former employee for National Metalizing founded Advanced Fle"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-194", "MSFC-SO-194", "Innovative Techniques Simplify Vibration Analysis", "computer technology", "MSFC", "In the early years of development, Marshall Space Flight Center engineers encountered challenges related to components in the space shuttle main engine. To assess the problems, they evaluated the effects of vibration and oscillation. To enhance the method of vibration signal analysis, Marshall award"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-195", "MSFC-SO-195", "Modeling Tools Predict Flow in Fluid Dynamics", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Because rocket engines operate under extreme temperature and pressure, they present a unique challenge to designers who must test and simulate the technology. To this end, CRAFT Tech Inc., of Pipersville, Pennsylvania, won Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from Marshall Space Fligh"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-196", "MSFC-SO-196", "Bacteria Provide Cleanup of Oil Spills, Wastewater", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts with Marshall Space Flight Center, Micro-Bac International Inc., of Round Rock, Texas, developed a phototrophic cell for water purification in space. Inside the cell: millions of photosynthetic bacteria. Micro-Bac proceeded to commercialize"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-198", "MSFC-SO-198", "Alloy-Enhanced Fans Maintain Fresh Air in Tunnels", "public safety", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center developed a high-strength aluminum alloy three to four times stronger than conventional aluminum alloys at high temperatures. Twin City Fan Companies Ltd. in Minneapolis, Minnesota, licensed the alloy and is currently employing the technology to make impellers for safety"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-2", "MSFC-SO-2", "Foam Dispenser", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "William G. Simpson, a NASA/Marshall employee, invented and patented a foam mixing dispensing device. He is supplying his Simpson mixer to a number of foam applications where it is used to apply foam for insulation purposes."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-20", "MSFC-SO-20", "Putting the Flex in Flexible", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Dynacs Engineering Company, Inc. has commercialized a software product originally developed for the International Space Station. The image processing and 3-D graphics tool was first designed at Marshall Space Flight Center in 1985. The software was so successful it became an industry standard for si"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-201", "MSFC-SO-201", "Rocket Engine Innovations Advance Clean Energy", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The Space Shuttle Main Engine was designed under contract to NASA by Rocketdyne, now part of Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR), based in East Hartford, Connecticut. After working with Marshall Space Flight Center, PWR used its rocket engine experience to make clean energy gasification technology with"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-202", "MSFC-SO-202", "Controller Chips Preserve Microprocessor Function", "computer technology", "MSFC", "To develop controller technology for a variety of missions, Marshall Space Flight Center partnered with a San Diego-based company, Space Micro Inc., through the SBIR program. Today, the technology is embedded in the company's entire series of high-performance, radiation-hardened computers for space."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-204", "MSFC-SO-204", "Protein Innovations Advance Drug Treatments, Skin Care", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "While at Marshall Space Flight Center, Dan Carter and colleagues mapped the atomic structure of albumin, an important blood protein, for the first time. Carter formed New Century Pharmaceuticals of Huntsville, Alabama, to build on this achievement, resulting in new skin care products and platforms f"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-205", "MSFC-SO-205", "High-Pressure Systems Suppress Fires in Seconds", "public safety", "MSFC", "By applying principles from a new kind of rocket engine, developed by Orbital Technologies Corporation of Madison, Wisconsin, under SBIR contracts with Marshall Space Flight Center, to fire hose nozzles, company subsidiary HMA Fire improved the performance of its ultrahigh pressure fire suppression "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-206", "MSFC-SO-206", "Polymers Advance Heat Management Materials for Vehicles", "transportation", "MSFC", "Under NASA funding, Alliant Techsystems Inc. contracted with Starfire Systems Inc. in Schenectady, New York, to supply a polymer material to incorporate into a formula to repair damage on the exterior of the space shuttle. Called SMP-10, the polymer converts into a ceramic at high temperatures. Star"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-207", "MSFC-SO-207", "Elemental Scanning Devices Authenticate Works of Art", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "To better detect aluminum compounds, Marshall Space Flight Center partnered with KeyMaster Inc. (later acquired by Madison, Wisconsin-based Bruker AXS Inc.) to develop a vacuum pump system that could be attached to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanners. The resulting technology greatly expanded XRF scan"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-208", "MSFC-SO-208", "Sensors Enable Plants to Text Message Farmers", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "BioServe Space Technologies-a nonprofit, NASA-sponsored research partnership center-developed a leaf sensor that can monitor plants using electrical pulses, allowing anyone from astronauts to farmers to measure plant water levels directly. Berthoud, Colorado-based AgriHouse Brands Ltd. has commercia"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-209", "MSFC-SO-209", "Behavior Prediction Tools Strengthen Nanoelectronics", "computer technology", "MSFC", "NASA's electronics must resist the effects of extreme temperature and radiation. Huntsville, Alabama-based CFD Research Corporation received funding from Marshall Space Flight Center's SBIR program to refine software to predict the behavior of electronics in space. Now used by the Department of Defe"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-21", "MSFC-SO-21", "Optical Micromachining", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Under an SBIR with Marshall Space Flight Center, Potomac Photonics, Inc., constructed and demonstrated a unique tool that fills a need in the area of diffractive and refractive micro-optics. It is an integrated computer-aided design and computer-aided micro-machining workstation that will extend the"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-210", "MSFC-SO-210", "Meter Designs Reduce Operation Costs for Industry", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center collaborated with Quality Monitoring and Control (QMC) of Humble, Texas, through a Space Act Agreement to design a balanced flow meter for the Space Shuttle Program. QMC founded APlus-QMC LLC to commercialize the technology, which has contributed to 100 new jobs, approxi"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-211", "MSFC-SO-211", "Vision Systems Illuminate Industrial Processes", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "To ensure quality results from important manufacturing processes, Marshall Space Flight Center partnered with Control Vision Inc. of Sahuarita, Arizona, to create video sensor systems capable of imaging high-temperature, high-brightness processes like laser welding and plasma spray. The company's re"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-212", "MSFC-SO-212", "Home Air Purifiers Eradicate Harmful Pathogens", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center funded the University of Madison-Wisconsin to develop ethylene scrubbers to keep produce fresh in space. Akida Holdings of Jacksonville, Florida, licensed the technology and developed Airocide, an air purifier that can kill airborne pathogens. Previously designed for ind"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-213", "MSFC-SO-213", "Shuttle Engine Designs Revolutionize Solar Power", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The Space Shuttle Main Engine was built under contract to Marshall Space Flight Center by Rocketdyne, now part of Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR). PWR applied its NASA experience to solar power technology and licensed the technology to Santa Monica, California-based SolarReserve. The company now de"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-214", "MSFC-SO-214", "Processor Units Reduce Satellite Construction Costs", "computer technology", "MSFC", "As part of the effort to build the Fast Affordable Science and Technology Satellite (FASTSAT), Marshall Space Flight Center developed a low-cost telemetry unit which is used to facilitate communication between a satellite and its receiving station. Huntsville, Alabama-based Orbital Telemetry Inc. ha"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-215", "MSFC-SO-215", "Shock Absorbers Save Structures and Lives during Earthquakes", "public safety", "MSFC", "With NASA funding, North Tonawanda, New York-based Taylor Devices Inc. developed fluidic shock absorbers to safely remove the fuel and electrical connectors from the space shuttles during launch. The company is now employing the technology as seismic dampers to protect structures from earthquakes. T"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-216", "MSFC-SO-216", "Charged Particles Kill Pathogens and Round Up Dust", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "To keep plants fresh longer in space, Marshall Space Flight Center awarded funding to the University of Wisconsin-Madision to develop a titanium oxide-based device that reduced the amount of decay-inducing ethylene gas in the air. Electrolux (now Dallas-based Aerus Holdings) furthered the technology"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-217", "MSFC-SO-217", "Schedule Analysis Software Saves Time for Project Planners", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Since the early 2000s, a resource management team at Marshall Space Flight Center has developed and improved the Schedule Test and Assessment Tool, a software add-on capable of analyzing, summarizing, and finding logic gaps in project schedules. Companies like Lanham, Maryland-based Vantage Systems "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-218", "MSFC-SO-218", "Custom 3D Printers Revolutionize Space Supply Chain", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Under a series of SBIR contracts with Marshall Space Flight Center, start-up company Made In Space, located on the center_s campus, developed a high-precision 3D printer capable of manufacturing items in microgravity. The company will soon have a printer installed on the International Space Station,"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-219", "MSFC-SO-219", "Micromachined Parts Advance Medicine, Astrophysics, and More", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "In the mid-1990s, Marshall Space Flight Center awarded two SBIR contracts to Potomac Photonics, now based in Baltimore, for the development of computerized workstations capable of mass-producing tiny, intricate, diffractive optical elements. While the company has since discontinued the workstations,"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-22", "MSFC-SO-22", "Patient Monitoring", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "SCI Systems, Inc. has developed a unit that performs an electrocardiogram of a hospitalized patient and then is transmitted by telemetry. Heart readings are picked up by electrode attached to patient's body and delivered by wire to small box which is telemetry transmitter. Originating from space pro"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-220", "MSFC-SO-220", "Analytic Tool Simplifies Metal Fracture Assessments", "public safety", "MSFC", "Determining a metal_s fracture toughness is critical to knowing when a spacecraft or structure needs repairs, but it_s a time-consuming job and the disciplines involved are complex. Marshall Space Flight Center engineer Phillip Allen developed software called Tool Analysis of Surface Cracks, or TASC"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-221", "MSFC-SO-221", "Space Blanket-Inspired Cases Protect Expensive Devices", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Smartphones, laptops, and tablets are susceptible to damage if exposed to very high or low temperatures. Inspired by the \"space blankets\" he used as a Boy Scout, Nick Blanton, founder of Portland, Maine-based Salt Cases Company, developed fabric cases that incorporate thermal sheet technology create"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-222", "MSFC-SO-222", "Tiny Capsules Enable a World of Possibilities", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Tiny capsules made of beeswax, dreamed up by engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center and perfected by Lenoire, North Carolina-based RMANNCO Inc., have revolutionized the way oil spills are cleaned. Joe Resnick, who worked with NASA to perfect the capsules in the 1980s, has made them even smaller a"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-223", "MSFC-SO-223", "Modeling Software Helps Rocket Scientists Go with the Flow", "computer technology", "MSFC", "To facilitate development of the Fastrac turbo pump, in the mid-1990s Marshall Space Flight Center coded the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) to model computational fluid dynamics. The software is free to government agencies and contractors, and Concepts NREC Inc., based in White "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-224", "MSFC-SO-224", "Rocket Technology Stops Shaking in Its Tracks", "public safety", "MSFC", "In testing, the Ares I launch vehicle displayed a serious vibration problem_shaking that resonated dangerously, causing potentially hazardous conditions in the crew capsule right above the booster. Engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center found a solution, creating a brand new, low-cost, lightweigh"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-225", "MSFC-SO-225", "Low-Cost Flow Meters Bring Efficiency, Reliability to Nuclear Plants", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Innovators at Marshall Space Flight Center co-invented a deceptively simple device to measure the flow of liquid oxygen into rocket engines. The so-called balanced flow meter was then commercialized in industrial applications where it has saved millions, if not billions, of dollars in costs. Most re"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-226", "MSFC-SO-226", "Shuttle, Hubble Work Lead to Strength in Custom Current Sensors", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Subcontracts to provide current and voltage sensors first for the Space Shuttle at Johnson Space Center and then for the Hubble Space Telescope at Marshall Space Flight Center led American Aerospace Controls to develop the ability to create, test, and document highly reliable, customized components."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-227", "MSFC-SO-227", "Light-Induced Oxidation Cleans Air, Surfaces, Clothes", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Under a Marshall Space Flight Center research partnership in the 1990s, scientists at the Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics discovered photocatalytic oxidation, a process that creates charged hydroxyl radicals that oxidize airborne organic contaminants, turning them into carbon diox"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-228", "MSFC-SO-228", "Space-Grade Insulation Keeps Beer Colder on Earth", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "NASA didn’t invent reflective insulation, but the Space Agency mastered it in the form of layered metalized polyester thin films first made for Marshall Space Flight Center in the mid-1960s. Known as radiant barrier technology, this durable, lightweight “superinsulation” is used in all spacecraft an"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-229", "MSFC-SO-229", "Software Models Atmosphere for Spacecraft", "computer technology", "MSFC", "When the Curiosity rover made its spectacular landing on Mars, most of the attention was focused on the revolutionary “sky-crane maneuver” that helped slow the spacecraft down. But behind the scenes, atmospheric modeling software developed at Marshall Space Flight Center helped with another make-or-"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-23", "MSFC-SO-23", "Sewage Monitors", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Every U.S. municipality must determine how much waste water it is processing and more importantly, how much is going unprocessed into lakes and streams either because of leaks in the sewer system or because the city's sewage facilities were getting more sewer flow than they were designed to handle. "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-230", "MSFC-SO-230", "Software Takes Cost Estimating to the Stars", "computer technology", "MSFC", "When imagining what it takes to design a spacecraft, few people think about the engineering that goes into getting an accurate cost estimate before the building begins. And yet software designed at Marshall Space Flight Center to do just that, called Project Cost-Estimating Code, has become one of t"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-231", "MSFC-SO-231", "Rocket Design Leads to Turbo-Charged Air Purifier", "consumer home recreation", "MSFC", "The founders of Wynd didn’t particularly have space exploration on the brain when they built their personal air purifiers. But experience calibrating sensors for launch pads at Kennedy Space Center and designing turbines for rockets at Marshall Space Flight Center proved crucial when designing the s"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-232", "MSFC-SO-232", "Software Toolkit Steadies Rockets", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Combustion instability, when oscillations from firing resonate into an explosion, is one of the biggest risks in designing a rocket engine. Tullahoma, Tennessee-based Gloyer-Taylor Laboratories, with several SBIR contracts from Marshall Space Flight Center and others, built its Universal Combustion "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-233", "MSFC-SO-233", "Tiny Springs Improve Electronic Reliability", "computer technology", "MSFC", "A connection issue in printed circuit boards led to a tiny solution that could have an outsized impact. Printed circuit boards are layered with copper lines and pads that connect electronic components together. However, the joints can break when things heat up. Marshall Space Flight Center’s Mark St"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-234", "MSFC-SO-234", "Phase-Change Coating Absorbs Heat from Rockets, Pipes, Beer", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Most people enjoy an icy drink without thinking about the physics of the phase-change reaction inside the glass. In the early 2000s, Marshall Space Flight Center materials scientist Raj Kaul encapsulated phase-change materials in a plastic that could be applied like paint, aiming to better protect t"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-235", "MSFC-SO-235", "Pressure Vessels Improve Transportation of Liquid Fuels", "transportation", "MSFC", "The “gas tank” of a rocket holds fuel in the form of liquid or gas, and those special tanks will now be used for moving similar substances on Earth. Huntsville, Alabama-based Cimarron Composites LLC is licensing several of the original patents and leveraging a Space Act Agreement to commercialize th"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-236", "MSFC-SO-236", "Plane-Launched Rocket Opens Up Space for Small Satellites", "transportation", "MSFC", "Small satellites have had to piggyback on larger missions, restricting when they could launch and to what orbit. Virgin Orbit, located in Long Beach, California, is eliminating that constraint with its LauncherOne rocket, a small rocket that launches after a plane carries it up 35,000 feet. Under NA"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-237", "MSFC-SO-237", "Rockets, Rovers Spur New Offshore Drilling Safety Technology", "ps", "MSFC", "After Bastion Technologies Inc., a company with a long history at Marshall Space Flight Center and other NASA locations, helped investigate the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the company sought a way to prevent such a disaster. Using the knowledge of propellants, mission assurance, and structural anal"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-239", "MSFC-SO-239", "Rocket Expertise Assists Transition to Green Energy", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Economic prosperity is tied to the consistent availability of cheap energy. Coal’s abundance makes it a cheap resource to generate electricity and a major source of toxic pollution. An alternative to burning coal for power—gasification—is getting a boost from NASA rocket expertise developed by compa"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-24", "MSFC-SO-24", "Gas Sensor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "High Technology Sensors, Inc.'s Model SS-250 carbon dioxide detector uses a patented semiconductor optical source that efficiently creates infrared radiation, which is focused through an airway on a detector. Carbon dioxide passing through the airway absorbs the radiation causing the detector to gen"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-240", "MSFC-SO-240", "Turbopump Modeling Software Propels Fluid-Flow Simulations", "computer technology", "MSFC", "As the commercial space economy grows, both established and start-up aerospace companies are doing work that was previously performed by NASA and other Government entities. To make sure they have the same powerful tools to design and improve spacecraft, Marshall Space Flight Center is making General"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-241", "MSFC-SO-241", "Revolutionary Battery Replacement Leads to a New Humidity Sensor", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Developing a new power source material to replace batteries resulted in an unexpected outcome–a solid-state humidity sensor. Technologists at Marshall Space Flight Center partnered with Roscid Technologies Inc. of Woburn, Massachusetts, to test the new energy storage material that uses nanotechnolog"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-242", "MSFC-SO-242", "Now Anyone Can Make Electronics on Demand—Thanks to NASA Research", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "NASA-funded research into printing tools and parts in space was critical to the development of Electronic Alchemy’s eForge, a 3D printer that enables anyone to manufacture their own electronics designs on demand."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-243", "MSFC-SO-243", "Odor-Eliminating Shoe Inserts Rely on NASA-Tested Activated Carbon Cloth", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "The quest for clean air in space inspired a business school student to develop a new odor-eliminating shoe insert. The insert uses an activated carbon cloth that NASA tested for in-space air purification."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-244", "MSFC-SO-244", "Clean Air Tech for Spacecraft Helps Fight Pandemic", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Air purifiers made by ActivePure Technologies LLC, based in Dallas, proved able to eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 virus in enclosed spaces, and the company had a model approved for medical use in 2020. The devices use photocatalytic oxidation, pioneered under funding from Marshall Space Flight Center in t"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-245", "MSFC-SO-245", "Spacecraft: The Ultimate Indoor Environment", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "TFI Environmental Inc. of Toronto based several of its Respicaire air purifiers on Marshall Space Flight Center-funded research into the use of photocatalytic oxidation to scrub the air in a spaceborne plant growth chamber. TFI’s devices proved able to kill the novel coronavirus and found widespread"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-246", "MSFC-SO-246", "Some Engineering Is Only Skin Deep", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Additive manufacturing with superalloys promised cheaper, better rocket engines, but rough surfaces reduced performance of 3D printed parts. With NASA SBIR funding, a company developed a solution."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-247", "MSFC-SO-247", "'Reflecting' on Life's Daily Challenges", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Inspired by the “space blankets” at her first post-surgery race, a runner founded 13-One in Larchmont, New York, to turn a fabric based on NASA’s radiant barrier insulation into a line of warm, portable, weatherproof jackets."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-248", "MSFC-SO-248", "The Science of the Perfect Cup for Coffee", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "When Johnson Space Center wanted to upgrade the cooling system in astronaut spacesuits, it funded research into the best approach. A non-toxic material proposed as an alternative for balancing temperature extremes ultimately led Columbia, Missouri-based ThermAvant International LLC to develop a ther"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-25", "MSFC-SO-25", "Particle Sizer", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Microspheres are tiny plastic beads that represent the first commercial products manufactured in orbit. An example of how they are used is a new aerodynamic particle sizer designated APS 33B produced by TSI Incorporated. TSI purchased the microspheres from the National Bureau of Standards which cert"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-250", "MSFC-SO-250", "NASA Research Illuminates Medical Uses of Light", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Multi Radiance Medical Inc. of Solon, Ohio, builds light-therapy devices based in part on NASA-funded research. Though health benefits of exposure to certain wavelengths were known, experiments that Marshall Space Flight Center helped fund, with an eye toward addressing atrophy and inhibited healing"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-251", "MSFC-SO-251", "Space Program Pumps Up Turbomachinery", "transportation", "MSFC", "When NASA was looking for a low-cost solution to launch into orbit, Barber-Nichols of Arvada, Colorado, was subcontracted to build the turbopump for the Fastrac rocket engine at Marshall Space Flight Center. Using lessons learned from this program, the company now produces similar turbomachinery for"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-252", "MSFC-SO-252", "Pumping Out State-of-the-Art Design", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Decades of collaboration on multiple SBIR contracts gave Concepts NREC LLC extensive access to NASA rocket engine expertise. The White River Junction, Vermont-based company incorporates Marshall Space Flight Center know-how into its commercial software, engineering, and manufacturing services to hel"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-253", "MSFC-SO-253", "Air Treatment Systems Break Down Pollutants, Germs", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Fresh-Aire UV of Jupiter, Florida, developed a line of air purifiers that break down organic contaminants with a process called photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). The company gets its nanoparticulate titania suspension, one of the key ingredients for PCO, from a company that developed it under the rese"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-254", "MSFC-SO-254", "Additive Manufacturing Subtracts from Rocket Build Time", "transportation", "MSFC", "Through a series of Space Act Agreements, engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center have helped Relativity Space Inc. of Long Beach, California, 3D print its Aeon rocket engines using a NASA-invented copper alloy, and the company leases space and facilities at Stennis Space Center to test the engine"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-255", "MSFC-SO-255", "Redefining the 'Rugged' Video Camera", "transportation", "MSFC", "A video camera rugged enough to survive the first Space Launch System rocket launch and function in the extreme conditions of space is tough enough for harsh Earth environments. A license and expertise from Marshall Space Flight Center helped Boca Raton, Florida-based Imperx Inc. develop a camera wi"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-256", "MSFC-SO-256", "NASA Gives the World a Brake", "transportation", "MSFC", "Thanks to exclusive patent licenses for a radical new disc brake design, Orbis Brakes Inc. of Santa Rosa, California, incorporates Marshall Space Flight Center structural materials expertise into a more efficient, eco-friendly braking system for cars and trucks."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-257", "MSFC-SO-257", "Super Insulation Requires Super Materials", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "When developing a new coating to protect buildings from heat buildup, Superior Products InternationaI II Inc. of Shawnee, Kansas reached out to the experts at Marshall Space Flight Center’s materials lab for assistance in finding a ceramic compound that could be incorporated into a heat-resistant sp"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-258", "MSFC-SO-258", "Commercial Sales Flow from NASA Valves", "transportation", "MSFC", "Marotta Controls of Montville, New Jersey, developed various valves for companies that were funded by NASA’s Commercial Resupply Services and Commercial Crew programs, supported in part by Marshall Space Flight Center. Some of these are now finding their way onto other commercial spacecraft."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-259", "MSFC-SO-259", "NASA Hydrogen History Informs World’s Hydrogen Future", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "CB&I of The Woodlands, Texas, built the world’s largest liquid hydrogen tank at Kennedy Space Center to support Artemis launches. The experience with new construction techniques, novel insulation, and cryogenic refrigeration capability will help the company and others build bigger, better tanks for "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-26", "MSFC-SO-26", "Pump Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A NASA handbook on a general purpose titanium alloy was used by Sundstrand Corporation in design calculation for casting titanium impellers. Information contributed substantially to improved impeller design."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-260", "MSFC-SO-260", "3D Printed Engines Propel Next Industrial Revolution", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Tipping Point funding and an Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity, both from Marshall Space Flight Center, helped Erie, Colorado-based Elementum 3D refine its 3D printable aluminum alloys and processes to print large objects, including rocket engines."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-261", "MSFC-SO-261", "NASA ‘RAMPT’ Up 3D Printed Engine Size", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center used Game Changing Development funding to work with RPM Innovations (RPMI) of Rapid City, South Dakota, on scaling up 3D printed engines. The work refined RPMI’s large-scale printing and proved it for space, where much of the company’s business now is."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-262", "MSFC-SO-262", "Spacesuit Insulation Protects Personal Devices", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "The same reflective multilayer thin film insulation Marshall Space Flight Center developed for spacesuits and spacecraft now keeps mobile devices at the best temperatures on Earth. The PHOOZY phone cases developed by Charlotte, North Carolina-based eXclaim IP LLC also float and are waterproof."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-263", "MSFC-SO-263", "Dust-Powered 3D Printing", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "AI SpaceFactory sells 3D Printers informed by its work on Marshall Space Flight Center’s Centennial Challenge, which the Secaucus, New Jersey company won with print material containing crushed basalt similar to ground cover on Mars. Its Earth-based inks mix with a variety of materials."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-264", "MSFC-SO-264", "Making Future Satellite Fuel Today", "transportation", "MSFC", "With the help of a former Marshall Space Flight Center employee, Rubicon Space created a new in-space propulsion systems for satellites. The Huntsville, Alabama company employs a non-toxic fuel that’s safer for ground crews during fueling and performs better than traditional fuels."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-265", "MSFC-SO-265", "Lunar Lattices and Their Earthly Impact", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Winning a 3D Printed Habitat Challenge at Marshall Space Flight Center and outfitting a model lunar habitat have helped Chattanooga, Tennessee-based Branch Technology evolve its signature Freeform 3D Printing technique, which it uses to manufacture custom terrestrial products, including wall panels "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-266", "MSFC-SO-266", "Planet in a Program", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center and IBM, headquartered in Armonk, New York, worked together to build artificially intelligent foundation models of the planet based on Earth-imaging and weather data, creating living digital models of the globe that can be trained for countless applications."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-27", "MSFC-SO-27", "Water Powered Tools", "public safety", "MSFC", "Space Spin-Offs, Inc. under a contract with Lewis Research Center and Marshall Space Flight Center produced a new water-powered saw that cuts through concrete and steel plate reducing danger of explosion or electric shock in rescue and other operations. In prototype unit efficient water-powered turb"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-28", "MSFC-SO-28", "A New Way to Spray", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "A NASA SBIR contract provided the funding for a new nozzle shape to be used in plasma spray techniques. The new design, a bell shape, reduces overspray. The result is a significant decrease in the cost of plasma spraying and a higher quality, more pure coating."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-29", "MSFC-SO-29", "Electrifying Development", "public safety", "MSFC", "With technical assistance from Marshall Space Flight Center and Kennedy Space Center, Protective Cable and Wire developed Lightning Retardant Cable (LRC). LRC improves lightning protection over standard coaxial cable by 100 percent. The LRC design keeps lightning from traveling through the cable, pr"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-3", "MSFC-SO-3", "Apparel for Cleaner Clean Rooms", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "In the 1960's NASA pioneered contamination control technology, providing a base from which aerospace contractors could develop control measures. NASA conducted special courses for clean room technicians and supervisors, and published a series of handbooks with input from various NASA field centers. "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-30", "MSFC-SO-30", "A Stirling Idea", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Stirling Technology Company developed the components for its BeCOOL line of Cryocoolers with the help of a series of NASA SBIRs, through Goddard Space Flight Center and Marshall Space Flight Center. Features include a hermetically sealed design, compact size, and silent operation. The company has al"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-31", "MSFC-SO-31", "Collapsible Towers", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "NASA needed a means of orbiting a large radio telescope antenna. Astro Research Corporation developed a new structure that was strong, lightweight, folded into a small storage space, and could be erected by rotation. Later they adapted it to commercial use. Today the Astromast\" tower consists of tub"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-32", "MSFC-SO-32", "Infrared Images", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Earth objects emit natural radiation invisible to the unaided human eye, but visible to infrared scanning devices such as the device developed by Inframetrics, Inc. Such devices serve a number of purposes ranging from detection of heat loss in buildings for energy conservation measures, to examining"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-33", "MSFC-SO-33", "Insulation Material", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Apex Mills Corporation's superinsulators are used by makers of cold weather apparel, parkas, jackets, boots and outdoor gear such as sleeping bags. Their attraction in such applications is that radiant barrier insulation offers excellent warmth retention at minimal weight and bulk."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-34", "MSFC-SO-34", "Ocular Screening System", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "Used to detect eye problems in children through analysis of retinal reflexes, the system incorporates image processing techniques. VISISCREEN's photorefractor is basically a 35 millimeter camera with a telephoto lens and an electronic flash. By making a color photograph, the system can test the huma"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-35", "MSFC-SO-35", "Mobile Phone Terminal", "transportation", "MSFC", "Martin Marietta Aerospace under a NASA contract developed the HICOM, an advanced central terminal for mobile telephones that upgrades service to users, provides better system management to telephone companies, and makes more efficient use of available mobile telephone channels through a computerized"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-36", "MSFC-SO-36", "Dairy Equipment Lubrication", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Under a NASA contract, Lake to Lake Dairy Cooperative and Midwest Research Institute compiled a handbook consolidating information about commercially available lubricants. Handbook details chemical and physical properties, applications, specifications, test procedures and test data for liquid and so"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-37", "MSFC-SO-37", "Metallic Filters", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Filtration technology originated in a mid 1960's NASA study. The results were distributed to the filter industry, an HR Textron responded, using the study as a departure for the development of 421 Filter Media. The HR system is composed of ultrafine steel fibers metallurgically bonded and compressed"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-38", "MSFC-SO-38", "Motor Controller", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "M.H. Marks Enterprises' Power Factor Controller (PFC) matches voltage with motor's actual need. Plugged into a motor, PFC continuously determines motor load by sensing shifts between voltage and current flow. When it senses a light load, it cuts voltage to the minimum needed. It offers potential ene"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-39", "MSFC-SO-39", "Highway Profiling", "transportation", "MSFC", "Ride quality on highways and railways improved by Marshall Space Flight Center's stabilized spacecraft guidance and control systems. Instruments for profiling roadways are enhanced by addition of stable three-axis platform-type inertial reference. System can measure banks, bumps, curves, grades, ele"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-4", "MSFC-SO-4", "Industrial Inspection System", "public safety", "MSFC", "Lixi, Inc. has built a thriving business on NASA-developed x-ray technology. The Low Intensity X-ray Imaging scope (LIXI) was designed to use less than one percent of radiation required by conventional x-ray devices. It is portable and can be used for a variety of industrial inspection systems as we"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-40", "MSFC-SO-40", "Bearing Failure Detection", "transportation", "MSFC", "Shaker Research Corporation, under a contract with NASA, produced a test vehicle that measures resonant frequency of railroad roller bearings to identify source of bearings defects. Marshall scientists have developed a detection concept based on fact that bearing defects themselves excite resonant f"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-41", "MSFC-SO-41", "Heat Pipes for Alaskan Oil", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "McDonnell Douglas Corporation is using a heat-pipe device, developed through the space program, to transport oil from Alaska's rich North Slope fields. It is being used to keep the ground frozen along the 798-mile pipeline saving hundreds of millions of dollars and protecting the tundra environment."], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-42", "MSFC-SO-42", "Industry Computer Technology", "industrial productivity manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A. E. Stanley Manufacturing Company similarly reports monetary and time savings through the use of two COSMIC programs, one called ANOVA (Analysis and Variance) and another which has no acronym for its technical title. These programs were used in research development on management functions, and on "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-43", "MSFC-SO-43", "Airport Safety Aid", "public safety", "MSFC", "Plane's movement through air creates at each wing tip a vortex a turbulent wind moving in a circular pattern like an air whirlpool. Large aircraft, such as commercial aircraft produce powerful vortices which can be hazardous to small planes following closely behind. For this reason, the FAA requires"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-44", "MSFC-SO-44", "Earthquake Testing", "public safety", "MSFC", "Wyle-3S built an enormously forceful shock and vibration system to simulate liftoff stresses. Wyle-3S had extensive aerospace research experience and has been particularly successful in developing spinoff applications. In addition to earthquake testing, the company has adapted its shaking technology"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-45", "MSFC-SO-45", "Fresh Veggies From Space", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Professor Marc Anderson of the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed a technology for use in plant-growth experiments aboard the Space Shuttle. Anderson's research and WCSAR's technology were funded by NASA and resulted in a joint technology licensed to KES Science and Technology, Inc. This tran"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-46", "MSFC-SO-46", "Nuclear Plant Inspection", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Engineers from the Power Authority of the State of New York use a Crack Growth Analysis Program supplied by COSMIC in one stage of nuclear plant inspection. Welds of the nuclear steam supply system are checked for cracks; radiographs, dye penetration and visual inspections are performed to locate cr"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-47", "MSFC-SO-47", "Abernathy's Lap", "", "MSFC", "A Bell Aerospace Textron technician is lapping\"--fine polishing--a delicate space instrument part to get precise tolerance. The polishing device first developed for precision grinding needs of the Saturn V moonbooster's guidance system is an Abernathy lap which allows extremely accurate finish polis"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-48", "MSFC-SO-48", "Inspection Tools", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A NASA Tech Briefs\" article describing an inspection tool and technique known as Optically Stimulated Electron Emission (OSEE) led to the formation of Photo Acoustic Technology Inc. (PAT). PAT produces sensors and scanning systems which assure surface cleanliness prior to bonding coating painting et"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-49", "MSFC-SO-49", "Robotic Waterjet Systems", "transportation", "MSFC", "NASA needed a way to safely strip old paint and thermal protection material from reusable components from the Space Shuttle; to meet this requirement, Marshall Space Flight Center teamed with United Technologies' USBI Company and developed a stripping system based on hydroblasting. United Technology"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-5", "MSFC-SO-5", "Technology for Ice Rinks", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Ron Urban's International Ice Shows set up portable ice rinks for touring troupes performing on temporary rinks at amusement parks, sports arenas, dinner theaters, shopping malls and civic centers. Key to enhanced rink portability, fast freezing and maintaining ice consistency is a mat of flexible t"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-50", "MSFC-SO-50", "Aircraft Ducting", "transportation", "MSFC", "Templeman Industries developed the Ultra-Seal Ducting System, an environmental composite air duct with a 50 percent weight savings over current metallic ducting, but could not find a commercial facility with the ability to test it. Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a structural evaluation of th"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-51", "MSFC-SO-51", "Composite Golf Clubs", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Babcock & Wilcox Co. under a partnership with Marshall Space Flight Center, produced composite materials, originally from the shuttle program, for improving golf clubs. Company used Marshall Space Flight Center's data summary file summarizing typical processing techniques and mechanical and physical"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-52", "MSFC-SO-52", "A Leak Monitor for Industry", "public safety", "MSFC", "GenCorp Aerojet Industrial Products, Lewis Research Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, and Case Western Reserve University developed a gas leak detection system, originally for use with the Space Shuttle propulsion system and reusable launch vehicles. The Model HG200 Automated Gas Leak Detection "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-54", "MSFC-SO-54", "Easier Analysis With Rocket Science", "computer technology", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center engineers invented the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) to analyze rocket engine fluid flow. Concepts NREC, Inc., incorporated GFSSP into its Cooled Turbine Airfoil Agile Design System (CTAADS). Specializing in all aspects of turbomachinery with applic"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-55", "MSFC-SO-55", "Getting to the Point in Pinpoint Landing", "transportation", "MSFC", "Assisted by Langley Research Center's Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program, IntegriNautics has developed a commercialized precision landing system. The idea finds its origins in Stanford University work on a satellite test of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, where Stanford has d"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-56", "MSFC-SO-56", "Prototyping the Future", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Advanced Ceramics Research (ACR) of Tucson, Arizona, researches transforming scientific concepts into technological achievement. Through the SBIR program, ACR developed a high pressure and temperature fused deposition system, a prototyping system that is known as extrusion freeform fabrication. This"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-57", "MSFC-SO-57", "It’s a Clean Machine", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Under an SBIR from Lewis Research Center, Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI) developed the Advanced Technology Catalytic Combustor. The research proved the viability of efficient, cost-effective catalytic reduction of gas turbine nitrogen oxide emissions along with fuel efficiency. PCI has signed agre"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-58", "MSFC-SO-58", "Solar Energy Demonstrations", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Marshall Space Flight Center's role in the National Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Project is that of supervisor and technical advisor for a variety of demonstrations performed by Reedy Creek Utilities Co., Inc. in such facilities as industrial plants, office buildings, schools, museums, li"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-59", "MSFC-SO-59", "Innovation in Building Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Thomas & Betts Corporation's Flat Conductor Cables, or FCC, were developed of necessity as aircraft and spacecraft became increasingly complex. In order to reduce size and weight of components, the use of thin flat wire instead of relatively thick and protrusive round cable, provided a dramatic redu"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-6", "MSFC-SO-6", "Hoof Comfort for Horses", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Aquila Equine Enhancement Products, Inc., of Woburn, Massachusetts, developed magnetic hoof protector pads, called Power Pads which support appropriate size, and then mounted onto a horse's hooves using conventional shoeing methods. Once attached, the pads protect the hard and soft parts of the hoof"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-60", "MSFC-SO-60", "Versatile Coating", "public safety", "MSFC", "A radome at Logan Airport and a large parabolic antenna at the Wang Building in Massachusetts are protected from weather, corrosion and ultraviolet radiation by a coating, specially designed for antennas and radomes, known as CRC Weathertite 6000. The CRC 6000 line that emerged from Boyd Coatings Re"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-61", "MSFC-SO-61", "The Inside View", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Bio-Imaging Research, Inc., has been included in Spinoff 1990 and 1993 with spinoffs from their ACTIS+ product developed under a Marshall Space Flight Center SBIR contract. The latest application is for noninvasive nuclear waste drum inspection. With the ACTIS CT scanner, radioactive waste is examin"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-62", "MSFC-SO-62", "Flat Wire", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "The N.Y. State Urban Development Corp., Amp Inc., and Western Electric Corp. are working with NASA to produce flat conductor electrical cable. Flat conductor electrical cable originally designed for spacecraft by the Marshall Space Flight Center, has been installed in a housing project. Because it i"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-63", "MSFC-SO-63", "Tornado Mechanics", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Nimbus and other weather satellites are helping determine why and how tornados form their structure and dynamics and ultimately how they can be prevented or artificially dissipated. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center is also planning a cooperative research program later this year with the Universit"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-64", "MSFC-SO-64", "Identification System", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Under a NASA Space Act Agreement with Marshall Space Flight Center, Symbology Research Center commercialized a new method of identifying products with invisible and virtually indestructible markings. This digital data matrix technology was developed at Marshall Space Flight Center to identify the mi"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-65", "MSFC-SO-65", "Ultrasonic Inspection", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Automation Industries Inc. has had more than $2 million in contracts to produce innovative equipment for the Apollo program. When Marshall Space Flight Center sought a fast nondestructive way to inspect butt welds in aluminum alloys for spacecraft, the company developed a reliable ultrasonic device "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-66", "MSFC-SO-66", "Respiratory Distress", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "The University of Miami School of Medicine asked the Research Triangle Institute for assistance in improvising the negative pressure technique to relieve respiratory distress in infants. Marshall Space Flight Center and Johnson Space Center engineers adapted this idea to the lower-body negative-pres"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-67", "MSFC-SO-67", "Breadboard Facility", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Chrysler operated what was known as Saturn/I/IB Development Breadboard Facility. Originally from the Apollo program, Breadboard\" means array of electrical and electronic equipment for performing variety of test and development functions. This development gave Chrysler a broad capability in computeri"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-68", "MSFC-SO-68", "VideoFile", "public safety", "MSFC", "Ampex videofile offers advantage over microfilm for filing, storing, retrieving, and distributing large volumes of information in digital code rather than in pictorial form. Derived from spacecraft, microfilm allows visual storage of whole documents, it requires a step before usage (developing the f"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-7", "MSFC-SO-7", "Wind Monitor", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "NASA needed a way to make high-resolution measurements of the wind profile before launching Saturn vehicles. The standard smooth-surface weather balloons zigzagged or spiraled as they ascended due to air vortices that shed off the surface at various positions, which made accurate radar-tracking meas"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-70", "MSFC-SO-70", "Space Age Training", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Teledyne Brown developed a computer-based interactive multimedia training system for use with the Crystal Growth Furnace in the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory-2 mission on the Space Shuttle. Teledyne Brown commercialized the system and customized it for PPG Industries Aircraft Products. The system cha"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-71", "MSFC-SO-71", "Wearout Free", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "Because of on an SBIR contract with NASA, Cornell-Dubilier has been able to commercialize electrolytic capacitors, based on the design of hermetically sealed electrolytic capacitors used by the Marshall Space Flight Center. The NASA contract was for the development of hermetic aluminum electrolytic "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-72", "MSFC-SO-72", "Marching Microbes", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Under an SBIR contract with Marshall Space Flight Center, Micro-Bac International developed a new system for the treatment of wastewater based on the metabolic activity of phototrophic bacteria. These microorganisms are now being sold as a liquid product called Mega-Bac TF. It is currently used for "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-73", "MSFC-SO-73", "World Reaction to Virtual Space", "computer technology", "MSFC", "DRaW Computing developed virtual reality software for the International Space Station. Open Worlds, as the software has been named, can be made to support Java scripting and virtual reality hardware devices. Open Worlds permits the use of VRML script nodes to add virtual reality capabilities to the "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-74", "MSFC-SO-74", "Firefighting Module (1978)", "public safety", "MSFC", "NASA and U.S. Coast Guard are working jointly to develop a helicopter transportable firefighting module that can save precious minutes in combating shipboard or harbor fires. Derived from space projects, the compact module weighs a little more than a ton but contains everything needed to fight a fir"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-75", "MSFC-SO-75", "Shock Prevention", "public safety", "MSFC", "Shocks due to defective wiring in home appliances or other electrical equipment can cause severe burns, even death. As a result, SCI Systems, Inc. developed the Ground Fault Interrupters (GFI) which are now required in all newly constructed homes. Tiny sensor measures strength of electrical current "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-76", "MSFC-SO-76", "Convertible Stadium", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Air flotation technology, manufactured by Rolair Systems, Inc. has found application in Hawaii's Aloha Stadium. This technology derived from the space shuttle, Apollo and the Saturn V Moonbooster. Stadium's configuration can be changed by moving entire 7,000 seat sections on a cushion of air. For be"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-77", "MSFC-SO-77", "Foam for Filtering", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Reticulated foam, developed under NASA contract by Scott Paper Co., Foam Division, is an effective filtering medium used in air conditioners, humidifiers, home and commercial forced air furnaces, and a broad variety of other items manufactured in the appliance automotive, medical equipment, consumer"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-78", "MSFC-SO-78", "Smokestack Monitor", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Environmental Protection Agency monitors emissions from industrial smokestacks to obtain such information as how much pollutant material is being discharged into the atmosphere, how rapidly it is being discharged, and how the smoke plume disperses after leaving the stack. Raytheon's invisible laser "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-79", "MSFC-SO-79", "Tool Carrier", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Tool organizer accommodates a selection of hand tools on a waist or thigh belt or alternately on wall, work bench, or car trunk mountings. Tool caddy is widely used by industrial maintenance personnel, TV technicians, mechanics, artists, draftsmen, hobbyists and homeowners. Its innovative feature is"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-8", "MSFC-SO-8", "Mower/Litter Remover", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The Burg Corporation needed to get more power out of the suction system in their Vac 'N Bag grass mower/litter remover. The president submitted a problem statement to the Marshall Space Flight Center Technology Transfer Office, which devised a way to guide heavier items of trash to a point where suc"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-80", "MSFC-SO-80", "Loose Particle Detection", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "PIND, developed by Dunegan/Endevco is an acronym for Particle Impact Noise Detection, a means of finding tiny, loose conductive particles introduced during fabrication of integrated circuits, which sometimes cause system failures. One type of automated system used for PIND testing has undergone a st"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-81", "MSFC-SO-81", "Firefighting Module (1981)", "public safety", "MSFC", "Aviation Power Supply's mobile firefighting module called Firefly II is mounted on a trailer pulled by a pickup truck. Trailer unit has two three-inch water cannons, and the pickup carries a six inch cannon. Completely self contained, module pumps 3,000 gallons of water a minute from hydrants or ope"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-82", "MSFC-SO-82", "Automatic Design System", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "RCA has applied the results of NASA sponsored research in producing (LSIs), Large Scale Integrated Circuits, for its own product line -- communications equipment (for example) -- and for use in products manufactured by other companies such as the automobile engine analyzer developed by Chrysler Corp"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-83", "MSFC-SO-83", "An Innovation in Building Design", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Collins & Aikman's flat cable permits elimination of ducts and other accommodations traditionally required for building wiring systems, thus gives designers new latitude in planning attractive open landscape\" office layouts. The big factor is that FCC whose thickness approximates that of two busines"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-84", "MSFC-SO-84", "Glass Artworks", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Several NASA technologies have played part in growth and cost containment of studio glass art, among them a foam type insulation developed to meet a need for lightweight material that would reduce flame spread in aircraft fire. Foam comes in several forms and is widely used by glass artists, chiefly"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-85", "MSFC-SO-85", "Project LASER", "", "MSFC", "NASA formally launched Project LASER (Learning About Science, Engineering and Research) in March 1990, a program designed to help teachers improve science and mathematics education and to provide hands on\" experiences. It featured the first LASER Mobile Teacher Resource Center (MTRC) is designed to "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-86", "MSFC-SO-86", "Space Science Curricula", "", "MSFC", "Johnson High School, Huntsville, Alabama started an international magnet program in 1987. One of the courses in the curriculum was in space science. They appealed to Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) when they couldn't find a suitable textbook, nor locate other classes in space science to provide "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-87", "MSFC-SO-87", "NASA/State Education Cooperation", "", "MSFC", "NASA is cooperating with state departments of education in a number of special education programs. An example is Maryland Summer Centers for Gifted and Talented Students sponsored by the Maryland State Department of Education. Some 2,600 students participated in the 1990 program. One of the 12 cente"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-88", "MSFC-SO-88", "New Technology for the Fire Attire", "public safety", "MSFC", "Although little can be done to reduce the risks of firefighting, something can be done to curb the injuries and fatalities. This is the goal of Project FIRES, a program jointly sponsored by NASA and the Federal Emergency Management Agency's U.S. Fire Administration with technical management provided"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-89", "MSFC-SO-89", "Lightning Detection", "public safety", "MSFC", "Lightning causes an estimated $50 million annually in damages to powerlines, transformers and other electric utility equipment. Lightning strikes are not yet predictable, but U.S. East Coast Lightning Detection Network (LDN) is providing utilities and other clients data on lightning characteristics,"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-9", "MSFC-SO-9", "New Tool Creates a Big Stir", "industrial productivity", "MSFC", "A new self-adjusting, retractable pin tool for friction stir welding is now used in the manufacturing of components for NASA Space Shuttles. Friction stir welding is a process that makes straight-line welds without bringing the parent material to a liquid state. This is accomplished through high-spe"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-90", "MSFC-SO-90", "Memory Golf Clubs", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Memry Corporation's investigation of shape memory effect, stemming from Marshall Space Flight Center contracts to study materials for the space station, has aided in the development of Zeemet, a proprietary, high-damping shape memory alloy for the golf industry. The Nicklaus Golf Company has created"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-91", "MSFC-SO-91", "Flow Meter", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "Hedland Flow Meters manufactures a complete line of flow meters used in industrial operations to monitor the flow of oil, water or other liquids, air and other compressed gases, including caustics or corrosive liquids/gases. The company produces more than 1,000 types of flow meters featuring rugged "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-92", "MSFC-SO-92", "Power Controller", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "The power factor controller (PFC) senses shifts in the relationship between voltage and current, and matches them with a motor's need. This prevents waste as motors do not need a high voltage when they are not operating at full load conditions. PFC is manufactured by Nordic Controls Company, among o"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-93", "MSFC-SO-93", "Ocular Screening System", "health and medicine", "MSFC", "An ocular screening system designed for safe, convenient screening of large groups was developed at Marshall Space Flight Center, leading to the formation of Medical Sciences Corporation. The system identifies visual defects accurately and inexpensively, and includes a photorefractor telephoto lens "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-94", "MSFC-SO-94", "Partners in Technology", "", "MSFC", "Deere and Company scientists are working with various NASA centers in a multifaceted technical exchange program investigating areas of aerospace technology that can be applied to company's products. This is a non-traditional type spinoff in that it does not simply reapply existing technology but dev"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-95", "MSFC-SO-95", "Water Jetting", "public safety", "MSFC", "Hi-Tech Inc., a company which manufactures water jetting equipment, needed a high pressure rotating swivel, but found that available hardware for the system was unsatisfactory. They were assisted by Marshall, which had developed water jetting technology to clean the Space Shuttles. The result was a "], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-96", "MSFC-SO-96", "Energy Saver", "environment and resource management", "MSFC", "Harris Semiconductor Company used technology which they found in Tech Briefs as the basis for an integrated circuit to reduce onto one chip most of the circuitry of the motors, for example working machines, drill presses, etc. Harris produced an induction motor energy saver (IMES) centered upon a si"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-97", "MSFC-SO-97", "Firefighting Module (1984)", "public safety", "MSFC", "Firefly II pump module is NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center's commercial offshoot of a NASA/US Coast Guard program involving development of a lightweight, helicopter-transportable firefighting module for a quick response in combating shipboard or harbor fires. Operable on land or water, the Amphib"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-98", "MSFC-SO-98", "Transportation by Air-On the Ground", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "MSFC", "A Rolair air flotation system is a spinoff of NASA/General Motors technology developed for the Apollo Program. It allows heavy loads to be moved easily by separating the load from the ground by a thin air cushion, virtually eliminating surface friction. Rolair Systems, Inc. was formed by former Gene"], ["spinoff", "MSFC-SO-99", "MSFC-SO-99", "Big Savings from Smart Motors", "consumer/home/recreation", "MSFC", "Chesebrough-Pond's operates 32 plants across the nation and in those plants are more than 10,000 electric motors. In an effort to cut down on waste of electrical power used by these motors, Chesebrough organized a Corporate Advanced Technology Group to devise ways of improving productivity and cut m"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-069", "SSC-SO-069", "Photocatalytic Solutions Create Self-Cleaning Surfaces", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "A Stennis Space Center researcher investigating the effectiveness of photocatalytic materials for keeping the Center's buildings free of grime turned to a solution created by PURETi Inc. of New York City. Testing proved successful, and NASA and the company now share a Dual Use Technology partnership"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-070", "SSC-SO-070", "Innovative Coatings Potentially Lower Facility Maintenance Costs", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through extensive testing at Stennis Space Center, Nanocepts Inc. of Lexington, Kentucky, received key validation of the effectiveness of its photocatalytic coatings. Now a NASA Dual Use Technology partner, the company's commercial coatings offer unique environmental and medical benefits, and their "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-071", "SSC-SO-071", "Cloud-Based Data Sharing Connects Emergency Managers", "public safety", "SSC", "Under an SBIR contract with Stennis Space Center, Baltimore-based StormCenter Communications Inc. developed an improved interoperable platform for sharing geospatial data over the Internet in real timeѩnformation that is critical for decision makers in emergency situations."], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-072", "SSC-SO-072", "Satellite Data Aid Monitoring of Nation’s Forests", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "The USDA Forest Serviceճ Asheville, North Carolina-based Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center and Prineville, Oregon-based Western Wildlands Environmental Threat Assessment Center partnered with Stennis Space Center and other agencies to create an early warning system to identify, c"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-073", "SSC-SO-073", "Smart Sensors Gather Information for Machine Diagnostics", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Stennis Space Center was interested in using smart sensors to monitor components on test stands and avert equipment failures. Partnering with St. Paul, Minnesota-based Lion Precision through a Cooperative Agreement, the team developed a smart sensor and the associated communication protocols. The sa"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-074", "SSC-SO-074", "Satellite Data Inform Forecasts of Crop Growth", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "During a Stennis Space Center-led program called Ag 20/20, an engineering contractor developed models for using NASA satellite data to predict crop yield. The model was eventually sold to Genscape Inc., based in Louisville, Kentucky, which has commercialized it as LandViewer. Sold under a subscripti"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-075", "SSC-SO-075", "Improved Calibration Shows Images’ True Colors", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Innovative Imaging and Research, located at Stennis Space Center, used a single SBIR contract with the center to build a large-scale integrating sphere, capable of calibrating a whole array of cameras simultaneously, at a fraction of the usual cost for such a device. Through the use of LEDs, the com"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-076", "SSC-SO-076", "Rice Crop Models Stabilize Global Markets, Enable Efficient Irrigation", "public safety", "SSC", "Among the world_s major dietary staples, rice is the most difficult crop to predict in terms of yield. In 2012, Stennis Space Center granted Applied GeoSolutions Inc., based in New Market, New Hampshire, two SBIR contracts to create the Rice Decision Support System. The web-based software uses data "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-077", "SSC-SO-077", "Algorithm Predicts and Evaluates Storm Surges", "computer technology", "SSC", "With new remote-sensing technologies able to provide more accurate observations of Earth_s weather and topography, in the early 2000s Stennis Space Center put out a call through the SBIR program for technologies that could make use of those advances. Stennis awarded funding to WorldWinds Inc., based"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-078", "SSC-SO-078", "Helium Recapture System Reclaims Hydrogen for Industry Use", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Under two STTR contracts with Stennis Space Center, Sustainable Innovations LLC, based in East Hartford, Connecticut, built a system that filters, cleans, and pressurizes hydrogen, based on a reverse fuel cell technology. The H2RENEW device will enable industries like glass, steel, and silicon manuf"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-079", "SSC-SO-079", "High-Heat Cement Gives Ashes New Life", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Stennis Space Center engineers are always on the lookout for materials that can hold up better in the inferno of a rocket test. A Louisiana Tech University team had a good candidate: geopolymer concrete made with fly ash left over after burning coal. Testing under a dual-use cooperative agreement co"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-080", "SSC-SO-080", "LED Lighting Improves Efficiency, Imaging, Cuts Maintenance", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "In an effort to improve energy efficiency, Stennis Space Center issued two STTR contracts in 2009 to Solon, Ohio-based Energy Focus to develop LED-based replacements for lighting in two rocket engine test stands. While crafting floodlights and general area lights, all for use in hazardous areas, the"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-081", "SSC-SO-081", "NASA Plant Research Offers a Breath of Fresh Air", "consumer/home/recreation", "SSC", "In the 1980s, Stennis Space Center researcher W.C. Wolverton studied how to maximize the air-scrubbing potential of houseplants. He found that, perhaps counter-intuitively, plant roots and associated microorganisms in the soil did the bulk of the work, not plant leaves. AIRY GreenTech, a Hamburg, Ge"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-082", "SSC-SO-082", "Algorithms to Detect Clouds Forecast Global Crop Production", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "An algorithm originally created to detect clouds is now being used for everything from increasing food security in the developing world to guiding futures trading on Wall Street. Landsat satellites typically looked for clouds with a thermal imager, but when plans for Landsat 8 didn’t include one, St"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-083", "SSC-SO-083", "Smart Sensor Networks Monitor System Health — and Themselves", "computer technology", "SSC", "Stennis Space Center awarded Simi Valley, California-based American GNC Corporation several SBIR and STTR contracts to develop smart sensor networks that monitor systems to detect and predict faults. The technology can also detect faults in its own sensors. The work led to the company’s Reconfigurab"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-085", "SSC-SO-085", "Toxin-Eating Plants", "consumer/home/recreation", "SSC", "A rating system to identify which houseplants remove specific indoor toxins from the air started with NASA plant research performed at Stennis Space Center. London-based Plant Drop expanded that research into an open-source system for anyone to use."], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-1", "SSC-SO-1", "Not Your Ordinary GEM", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding from NASA's Stennis Space Center, Geophex devised a new design for broadband electromagnetic sensors. Geophex developed a patented sensing technology, capable not only of coastal monitoring, but also a variety of other functions, including en"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-10", "SSC-SO-10", "Earth Observation (change detection)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Because changes on Earth's surface are accelerating, planners and resource managers must assess the consequences of change as quickly and accurately as possible. Pacific Meridian Resources and NASA's Stennis Space Center (SSC) developed a system for monitoring changes in land cover and use, which in"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-11", "SSC-SO-11", "Wastewater Treatment: The Natural Way", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc. is widely acclaimed for innovative work in natural water purification which involves use of aquatic plants to remove pollutants from wastewater at a relatively low-cost. Haughton, Louisiana, visited Wolverton's artificial marsh test site and decided to use this"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-12", "SSC-SO-12", "Get the Picture?", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Positive Systems has worked in conjunction with Stennis Space Center to design the ADAR System 5500. This is a four-band airborne digital imaging system used to capture multispectral imagery similar to that available from satellite platforms such as Landsat, SPOT and the new generation of high resol"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-13", "SSC-SO-13", "A New Image for the Water Hyacinth", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Walt Disney Company activated a sewage treatment plan using NASA technology to create water hyacinths to clean wastewater by absorbing and metabolizing pollutants. Plants have exciting promise as a natural water purification system which can be established at a fraction of the cost of a conventional"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-14", "SSC-SO-14", "Plant Minders", "consumer/home/recreation", "SSC", "Indoor plants are automatically watered by the Aqua Trends watering system. System draws water from building outlets or from pump/reservoir module and distributes it to the plants via a network of tubes and adjustable nozzles. Key element of system is electronic controller programmed to dispense wat"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-15", "SSC-SO-15", "Earth Observation Services (Forest Imaging)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Microprocessor-based systems for processing satellite data offer mariners real-time images of weather systems, day and night, of large areas or allow them to zoom in on a few square miles. Systems West markets these commercial image processing systems, which have significantly decreased the cost of "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-16", "SSC-SO-16", "Mathematical Innovation", "computer technology", "SSC", "Through Small Business Innovation Research funds from the Stennis Space Center, MathSoft, Inc., developed a system that can provide the building blocks for signal analysis and rapid prototyping. The product is the result of work to help NASA develop a complete understanding propulsion test data by u"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-17", "SSC-SO-17", "Making Visible the Invisible", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Duncan Technologies, Inc., (DTI) developed an infrared imaging system for detection of hydrogen flames in the Space Shuttle Main Engines. The product is the result of a NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) award from the Stennis Space Center."], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-18", "SSC-SO-18", "Urban Expansion Study", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Under an Egyptian government contract, PADCO studies urban growth in the Nile Area. They were assisted by LANDSAT survey maps and measurements provided by TAC. TAC had classified the raw LANDSAT data and processed it into various categories to detail urban expansion. PADCO crews spot checked the res"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-19", "SSC-SO-19", "Easy and Accessible Imaging Software", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "DATASTAR, Inc., has taken NASA's award-winning Earth Resources Laboratory Applications (ELAS) software program and evolved it into a user-friendly desktop application and Internet service to perform processing, analysis, and manipulation of remotely sensed imagery data. The company's DATASTAR Image "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-2", "SSC-SO-2", "Making Sense of Plant Health", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Ciencia, Inc. created a new device, known as a Portable Photosynthesis Analyzer, or Phase Fluorometer, that provides real-time data about the photochemical efficiency of phytoplankton and other plant forms. The commercial version of this technology is used for photosynthesis research and offers majo"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-20", "SSC-SO-20", "Broadening the Earthscan Industry (remote sensing)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Law Environmental, Inc. is a professional engineering and Earth sciences consulting firm. When a client, who operates an electricity generating plant required assistance in evaluating the effects of a heated water discharge on aquatic life, Law proposed a Visiting Investigator Program (VIP) to Stenn"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-21", "SSC-SO-21", "Broadening the Earthscan Industry (NPS)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is transported by water movement over land, the runoff\" that carries pollution into rivers lakes and groundwater. Cities with populations over 100000 are required to identify and attempt to control it. However tracking NPS is difficult using conventional means. Subra "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-22", "SSC-SO-22", "Earth Observation", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "For pipeline companies, mapping, facilities inventory, pipe inspections, environmental reporting, etc. is a monumental task. An Automated Mapping/Facilities Management/Geographic Information Systems (AM/FM/GIS) is the solution. However, this is costly and time-consuming. James W. Sewall Company, an "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-23", "SSC-SO-23", "Cleaner Air for Home and Office", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Increased insulation has led to higher concentrations in homes and offices of toxic chemicals caused by emissions from synthetic building components. Recent NASA research regarding future interplanetary manned spacecraft has shown that certain plants can absorb gasses, reducing indoor air pollution."], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-24", "SSC-SO-24", "Sewage Treatment", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "In the early 1970's, National Space Technology Laboratories discovered that water hyacinths literally thrive on sewage; they absorb and digest nutrients and minerals from wastewater, converting sewage effluents to clean water. They offer a means of purifying water at a fraction of the cost of a conv"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-25", "SSC-SO-25", "Promising More Information", "computer technology", "SSC", "Through NASA's Dual-Use Program, ECT International developed Exdata, a software program that works within the company's existing Promis.eR software. Exdata is an external database program that expands storage capability, automates the design process, and reduces turnaround time for test requirements"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-26", "SSC-SO-26", "Remote Transmission at High Speed", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Omni Technologies and NASA Test Operations at Stennis Space Center entered a Dual-Use Agreement to develop the FOTR-125, a 125 megabit-per-second fiber-optic transceiver that allows accurate digital recordings over a great distance. The transceiver's fiber-optic link can be as long as 25 kilometers."], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-27", "SSC-SO-27", "Smooth Sailing for Weather Forecasting", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through a cooperative venture with NASA's Stennis Space Center, WorldWinds, Inc., developed a unique weather and wave vector map using space-based radar satellite information and traditional weather observations. Called WorldWinds, the product provides accurate, near real-time, high-resolution weath"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-28", "SSC-SO-28", "Help for the Visually Impaired", "health and medicine", "SSC", "The Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES) is a video headset that offers people with low vision a view of their surroundings equivalent to the image on a five-foot television screen four feet from the viewer. It will not make the blind see but for many people with low vision, it eases everyday activi"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-29", "SSC-SO-29", "Data Goes the Distance", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Omni Technologies, Inc. worked with Stennis Space Center to develop the FOTR-125, a redundant fiber-optic transceiver for remote transmission of high-speed digital data. The 125-megabit-per-second transceiver can collect data for up to 25 kilometers, much longer than standard coaxial cable, which is"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-3", "SSC-SO-3", "High-Performance Valve Promises Safe Relief", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Using an improved valve design developed under an SBIR contract with Stennis Space Center, Marotta Scientific's PRV95 provides stability over the entire operational range, from fully closed to fully open. The valve employs a concept known as upstream control for valve positioning, making it more dep"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-30", "SSC-SO-30", "Accelerating Commercial Remote Sensing", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through the Visiting Investigator Program (VIP) at Stennis Space Center, Community Coffee was able to use satellites to forecast coffee crops in Guatemala. Using satellite imagery, the company can produce detailed maps that separate coffee cropland from wild vegetation and show information on the he"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-31", "SSC-SO-31", "Resources Management System", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Delta Data Systems, Inc. was originally formed by NASA and industry engineers to produce a line of products that evolved from ELAS, a NASA-developed computer program. The company has built on that experience, using ELAS as the basis for other remote sensing products. One of these is AGIS, a computer"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-32", "SSC-SO-32", "Natural Air Purifier", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "NASA environmental research has led to a plant-based air filtering system. Dr. B. C. Wolverton, a former NASA engineer who developed a biological filtering system for space life support, served as a consultant to Terra Firma Environmental. The company is marketing the BioFilter, a natural air purifi"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-33", "SSC-SO-33", "Accelerating Remote Sensing", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through the Visiting Investigator Program (VIP) at Stennis Space Center, Scott Nesbit of Nesbit Environmental, Inc. explored the potential of remote sensing for locating abandoned barges in the Louisiana coastal zone. The barges and other vessels sometimes became illegal disposal sites for used oil "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-34", "SSC-SO-34", "Commercial Earth Observation (AASAP)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through the Earth Observation Commercial Applications Program (EOCAP) at Stennis Space Center, Applied Analysis, Inc. developed a new tool for analyzing remotely sensed data. The Applied Analysis Spectral Analytical Process (AASAP) detects or classifies objects smaller than a pixel and removes the b"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-35", "SSC-SO-35", "Commercial Earth Observation", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through the Earth Observation Commercial Applications Program (EOCAP), Ocean and Coastal Environmental Sensing (OCENS) developed SeaStation for marine users. SeaStation is a low-cost, portable, shipboard satellite groundstation integrated with vessel catch and product monitoring software. Linked to "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-36", "SSC-SO-36", "Detecting Plant Stress", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through an exclusive patent license from NASA Stennis Space Center, Spectrum Technologies, Inc., has developed a hand-held tool that helps farmers, foresters and other growers detect unhealthy crops before the human eye can see the damage. Developed by two NASA researchers, the Observer,T shows the "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-37", "SSC-SO-37", "Advanced Keyboard", "computer technology", "SSC", "Using chordic technology, a data entry operator can finger key combinations for text or graphics input. Because only one hand is needed, a disabled person may use it. Strain and fatigue are less than when using a conventional keyboard; input is faster, and the system can be learned in about an hour."], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-38", "SSC-SO-38", "Analyzing Water's Optical Absorption", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "A cooperative agreement between World Precision Instruments (WPI), Inc., and Stennis Space Center has led the UltraPathT device, which provides a more efficient method for analyzing the optical absorption of water samples at sea. UltraPath is a unique, high-performance absorbance spectrophotometer w"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-39", "SSC-SO-39", "Piping Connector", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "SSC", "A complex of high pressure piping at Stennis Space Center carries rocket propellants and other fluids/gases through the Center's Component Test Facility. Conventional clamped connectors tend to leak when propellant lines are chilled to extremely low temperatures. Reflange, Inc. customized an existin"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-4", "SSC-SO-4", "Sensible Success", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Commercial remote sensing uses satellite imagery to provide valuable information about the planet's features. By capturing light reflected from the Earth's surface with cameras or sensor systems, usually mounted on an orbiting satellite, data is obtained for business enterprises with an interest in "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-40", "SSC-SO-40", "Invisible Flame Imaging", "public safety", "SSC", "Stennis Space Center uses more than one million gallons of liquid hydrogen per month in its rocket testing program. Firefighters responding to a hydrogen fire had to give the area the broom test\" to determine the presence and location of a fire. This technique has significant safety and accuracy sho"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-41", "SSC-SO-41", "Geography From Another Dimension", "computer technology", "SSC", "The GEODESY software program is intended to promote geographical awareness among students with its remote sensing capabilities to observe the Earth's surface from distant vantage points. Students and teachers using GEODESY learn to interpret and analyze geographical data pertaining to the physical a"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-42", "SSC-SO-42", "Sewage Treatment", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Stennis Space Center's aquaculture research program has led to an attractive wastewater treatment for private homes. The system consists of a septic tank or tanks for initial sewage processing and a natural secondary treatment facility for further processing of septic tanks' effluent, consisting of "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-43", "SSC-SO-43", "Speaking Volumes About 3-D", "public safety", "SSC", "In 1999, Genex submitted a proposal to Stennis Space Center for a volumetric 3-D display technique that would provide multiple users with a 360-degree perspective to simultaneously view and analyze 3-D data. The futuristic capabilities of the VolumeViewerR have offered tremendous benefits to commerc"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-44", "SSC-SO-44", "Vexcel Spells Excellence for Earth and Space", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "With assistance from Stennis Space Center, Vexcel was able to strengthen the properties of its Apex Ground Station,T an affordable, end-to-end system that comes complete with a tracking antenna that permits coverage within an approximate 2,000-kilometer radius of its location, a high speed direct-to"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-45", "SSC-SO-45", "Tire Recycling", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Cryopolymers, Inc. tapped NASA expertise to improve a process for recycling vehicle tires by converting shredded rubber into products that can be used in asphalt road beds, new tires, hoses, and other products. In conjunction with the Southern Technology Applications Center and Stennis Space Center,"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-46", "SSC-SO-46", "Earth Observation Services Weather Imaging", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "An EOCAP project led Research Planning, Inc. to the development of advanced techniques for environmental sensitivity\" oil spill mapping. The new method incorporates satellite remote sensing and GIS technologies and was utilized to assess the damage potential of the Gulf war oil spill. EOCAP provides"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-47", "SSC-SO-47", "Earth Observation Services (Oil Spill Mapping)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Two university professors used EOCAP funding to demonstrate that satellite data can generate forest classifications with equal or better accuracy than traditional aerial photography techniques. This omparison had not been previously available. CALFIRST, the resulting processing package, will be mark"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-48", "SSC-SO-48", "Earth Observation Services (Image Processing Software)", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "San Diego State University and Environmental Systems Research Institute, with other agencies, have applied satellite imaging and image processing techniques to geographic information systems (GIS) updating. The resulting images display land use and are used by a regional planning agency for applicat"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-49", "SSC-SO-49", "Air/Water Purification", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "After 18 years of research into air/water pollution at Stennis Space Center, Dr. B. C. Wolverton formed his own company, Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc., to provide technology and consultation in air and water treatment. Common houseplants are used to absorb potentially harmful materials from"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-5", "SSC-SO-5", "Earth Science Goes E-Commerce", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Software packages commercially marketed by Agri ImaGIS allow customers to analyze farm fields. Agri ImaGIS provides satellite images of farmland and agricultural views to US clients. The company approached NASA-MSU TechLink for access to technology that would improve the company's capabilities to de"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-50", "SSC-SO-50", "Digital Images on the Dime", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "In 1997, Positive Systems received technical assistance on algorithm research for radiometric corrections, specifically to address bi-directional reflectance in aerial photography. This work was conducted under a Space Act Agreement with Stennis, coordinated by the Montana State University TechLink "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-51", "SSC-SO-51", "Supporting the Growing Needs of the GIS Industry", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Visual Learning Systems developed a commercial software application called Feature AnalystR to address satellite information-flow logjams. The software provides a paradigm shift to automated feature extraction, as it utilizes spectral, spatial, temporal, and ancillary information to model the featur"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-52", "SSC-SO-52", "Piping Connector", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "SSC", "In Stennis Space Center's Component Test Facility, piping lines carry rocket propellants and high pressure cryogenic fuels. When the lines are chilled to a pretest temperature of 400 degrees below zero, ordinary piping connectors can leak. Under contract to Stennis, Reflange, Inc. developed the T-Co"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-53", "SSC-SO-53", "Portable Hyperspectral Imaging Broadens Sensing Horizons", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "Broadband multispectral imaging can be very helpful in showing differences in energy being radiated and is often employed by NASA satellites to monitor temperature and climate changes. In addition, hyperspectral imaging is ideal for advanced laboratory uses, biomedical imaging, forensics, counter-te"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-54", "SSC-SO-54", "Plants Clean Air and Water for Indoor Environments", "public safety", "SSC", "Wolverton Environmental Services Inc., founded by longtime government environmental scientist B.C. Bill\" Wolverton is an environmental consulting firm that gives customers access to the results of his decades of cutting-edge bioremediation research. Findings about how to use plants to improve indoor"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-55", "SSC-SO-55", "Web-Based Mapping Puts the World at Your Fingertips", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "NASA's award-winning Earth Resources Laboratory Applications Software (ELAS) package was developed at Stennis Space Center. Since 1978, ELAS has been used worldwide for processing satellite and airborne sensor imagery data of the Earth's surface into readable and usable information. DATASTAR Inc., o"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-56", "SSC-SO-56", "Then Why Do They Call Earth the Blue Planet?", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Through a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract, WET Labs, Inc., developed a new technology for validating ocean color images from satellites. It calls the device the Diving Optical Profiler and High-speed Integration Network, or DOLPHIN. With DOLPHIN, a single research vessel "], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-57", "SSC-SO-57", "FLIPPER: Validation for Remote Ocean Imaging", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Under a NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant with Stennis Space Center, Ciencia, Inc., of East Hartford, Connecticut, developed the Fluorescence Lifetime Profiler of Photochemical Efficiency in Real-time, or FLIPPER, to assist in understanding the global processes controlling the flu"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-58", "SSC-SO-58", "NASA, the Fisherman’s Friend", "consumer/home/recreation", "SSC", "NASA partnered with Digital Media, Inc on the bayous of Mississippi and Louisiana to use satellite data to create a marine information system, a space-age fish finder. DMI collects satellite information about water surface temperature, temperature gradients, water clarity, and depth, then uses a mat"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-59", "SSC-SO-59", "Software Performs Complex Design Analysis", "transportation", "SSC", "Optimal Solutions Software LLC, of Provo, Utah, and Idaho Falls, Idaho, creates highly innovative engineering design improvement products to enable engineers to more reliably, creatively, and economically design new products in high-value markets. The company entered into an SBIR contract with Stenn"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-6", "SSC-SO-6", "Remote Sensing for Farmers and Flood Watching", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "NVision, Inc., harnessed NASA's geospatial satellite information to provide geospatial solutions for a variety of industries. It has made three rather disparate spinoffs: a crop prescription service for farmers; a disaster management tool for local, state, and Federal governments; and an educational"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-60", "SSC-SO-60", "Modern Exploration of the Lewis and Clark Expedition", "consumer/home/recreation", "SSC", "The Lewis and Clark Geosystem is an online collection of private, state, local, and Federal data resources associated with the geography of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Data was compiled from key partners including NASA's Stennis Space Center, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and W"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-61", "SSC-SO-61", "Making a Reliable Actuator Faster and More Affordable", "industrial productivity", "SSC", "NASA's Stennis Space Center provides testing of Space Shuttle main engines, rocket propulsion systems, and related components with several test facilities. NASA has been seeking ways to lower the cost of maintaining the facilities, and has aided in the development of an improved linear actuator that"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-62", "SSC-SO-62", "Tree-Mendous Timber Evaluation", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "As a veteran of the Gulf War with experience in counter-intelligence, Adam Rousselle was very familiar with the advances of satellite surveillance and high-resolution photography. This led him to NASA, where he learned about opportunities available through the Affiliated Research Center program. Wit"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-63", "SSC-SO-63", "Feature Detection Systems Enhance Satellite Imagery", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Supported by SBIR contracts with Stennis Space Center, Geospatial Data Analysis Corporation invented software for automatically identifying clouds in satellite imagery without the use of thermal data-an important development for satellites that forgo expensive thermal imaging equipment. The company'"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-64", "SSC-SO-64", "Chlorophyll Meters Aid Plant Nutrient Management", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Spectrum Technologies, headquartered in Plainfield, Illinois, licensed a hand-held plant chlorophyll meter developed from Stennis Space Center's research on satellite sensors. The meter measures light to determine a plant's chlorophyll content-a strong indicator of plant health. Spectrum improved th"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-65", "SSC-SO-65", "Hyperspectral Systems Increase Imaging Capabilities", "health and medicine", "SSC", "In 1983, NASA started developing hyperspectral systems to image in the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared wavelengths. In 2001, the first on-orbit hyperspectral imager, Hyperion, was launched aboard the Earth Observing-1 spacecraft. Based on the hyperspectral imaging sensors used in Earth observation sat"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-67", "SSC-SO-67", "Information Systems Coordinate Emergency Management", "public safety", "SSC", "NVision Solutions Inc., based in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, partnered with Stennis Space Center through multiple channels, including SBIR contracts. Among the results is a comprehensive emergency management system in use by municipal governments, national security organizations, and every NASA cent"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-68", "SSC-SO-68", "Technologies Render Views of Earth for Virtual Navigation", "computer technology", "SSC", "SBIR contracts with Langley Research Center and satellite data from Stennis Space Center allowed Littleton, Colorado-based TerraMetrics Inc. to develop a satellite imagery and terrain data product line that features in Google Earth, as well as a 3D terrain-rendering engine that enables synthetic vis"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-7", "SSC-SO-7", "Heart Monitoring By Satellite", "health and medicine", "SSC", "General Electric's ambulance antenna is specially designed system that allows satellite relayed two-way communications between a moving emergency vehicle and a hospital emergency room. Key component of a demonstration aided at showing how emergency medical services can be provided to people in remot"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-8", "SSC-SO-8", "Gas Sensor", "industrial productivity/manufacturing technology", "SSC", "High Technology Sensors, Inc.'s Model SS-250 carbon dioxide detector uses a patented semiconductor optical source that efficiently creates infrared radiation, which is focused through an airway on a detector. Carbon dioxide passing through the airway absorbs the radiation causing the detector to gen"], ["spinoff", "SSC-SO-9", "SSC-SO-9", "Wetlands Survey", "environment and resource management", "SSC", "Ducks Unlimited, Inc. is dedicated to preservation of the world's waterfowl. Current inventories of wetland resources are crucial to effective waterfowl management. They contracted with NASA to use data from the LANDSAT satellites Thematic Mapper (TM), an advanced Earth scanning instrument that coll"]]}